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Abstract Pulses are essential components of vegetarian diet and play a pivotal role in addressing malnutrition by providing a vital source of dietary protein. However, weed competition remains as a significant obstacle to blackgram (Vigna mungo L) production, resulting in 25 to 35% yield losses. A field experiment was carried out at the National Pulses Research Centre, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Vamban, Pudukkottai, India during Kharif seasons of 2020 and 2021, to assess the suitable post-emergence herbicides for appropriate weed control in blackgram grown under irrigated conditions. The experimental field was observed to contain notable grass weed flora, specifically Dactyloctenium aegyptium and Chloris barbata, as well as broadleaved weeds, such as Flaveria australica, Cleome gynandra, Eclipta alba, Convolvulus arvensis, Digera arvensis, Vicia spp., and Celosia argentea. The results demonstrated that among the chemical weed management methods, spraying of Fomesafen @ 220 g + Fluzifop p-butyl @ 220 g ha−1 at 20 days after sowing (DAS) as a post-emergence herbicide treatment exhibited superior weed control efficiency, recording 66.80% and 68.53% at 30 and 45 DAS, respectively and recorded higher seed yield of 1088 kg ha−1. Additionally, this method generated 8.1% higher net income and 12.5% more benefit–cost ratio than hand weeding, making it an economically profitable strategy for maximizing blackgram yield and effective labour management.

Previous research has shown that stratospheric aerosol causes only a small temperature change per unit forcing because they produce stronger cooling in the tropical Indian Ocean and the western Pacific Ocean than in the global mean. The enhanced temperature change in this so-called “warm-pool” region activates strongly negative local and remote feedbacks, which dampen the global mean temperature response. This paper addresses the question of why stratospheric aerosol forcing affects warm-pool temperatures more strongly than CO2 forcing, using idealized MPI-ESM simulations. We show that the aerosol's enhanced effective forcing at the top of the atmosphere (TOA) over the warm pool contributes to the warm-pool-intensified temperature change but is not sufficient to explain the effect. Instead, the pattern of surface effective forcing, which is substantially different from the effective forcing at the TOA, is more closely linked to the temperature pattern. Independent of surface temperature changes, the aerosol heats the tropical stratosphere, accelerating the Brewer–Dobson circulation. The intensified Brewer–Dobson circulation exports additional energy from the tropics to the extratropics, which leads to a particularly strong negative forcing at the tropical surface. These results show how forced circulation changes can affect the climate response by altering the surface forcing pattern. Furthermore, they indicate that the established approach of diagnosing effective forcing at the TOA is useful for global means, but a surface perspective on the forcing must be adopted to understand the evolution of temperature patterns.

Abstract Water is the most important thing that must be available to support human life. For generations, people with habits and cultures have used water sources in their territory to meet their daily needs. However, Lelemer Village experiences a shortage of clean water supply such as drinking, bathing, etc. This problem happened because one of the springs could not maximize distribution to the community. Tumpasan Bara is water runoff from cliff rocks with unstable soil quality, so it is vulnerable to landslides that can pollute and even close water distribution pipes because the spring management infrastructure has not met the standards. Therefore, the purpose of this project is to improve upstream infrastructure so that resources can be spread and support the welfare of the Lelemer village community. Typically done by making strides in the upstream foundation so that clean water can be distributed ideally. Therefore, the benefits of this project expect to anticipate backing the welfare of the Lelemer town community. Abstrak Air merupakan kebutuhan paling utama yang harus tersedia untuk menunjang kehidupan manusia. Secara turun temurun masyarakat melalui kebiasaan, dan budaya memanfaatkan sumber air di wilayahnya untuk memenuhi kebutuhan sehari-hari. Akan tetapi pada perkampungan Lelemer justru mengalami kekurangan debit air baik itu untuk keperluan minum, mandi dan lain-lain. Hal ini disebabkan salah satu sumber mata air, yaitu mata air Tumpasan Bara tidak dapat mereka maksimalkan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan. Tumpasan Bara merupakan limpasan air dari bebatuan tebing dengan kualitas tanah yang labil, sehingga rentan akan longsoran tanah yang dapat mencemari bahkan menutup pipa penyalur air dikarenakan infrastruktur pengelolaan mata air tersebut belum mememenuhi standar. Maka tujuan pengabdian masyarakat ini dilakukan adalah untuk melakukan perbaikan infrastrukur hulu agar air bersih dapat tersalurkan dan mendukung kesejahteraan masyarakat perkampungan Lelemer. Hal ini dilakukan dengan memperbaiki infrastrukur hulu agar air bersih dapat tersalurkan dengan optimal. Sehingga hasil kegiatan pengabdian ini diharapkan dapat mendukung kesejahteraan masyarakat perkampungan Lelemer.

Abstract Background Duke Activity Status Index (DASI) is a widely used tool to assess functional capacity among patients, but there is no Sinhala version validated for patients in Sri Lanka. This study aimed to cross-culturally adapt and test the validity and reliability of the Sinhala version of DASI (DASI-S). Methods The translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the DASI questionnaire were conducted following the standard guidelines. It was pre-tested on ten pre-operative patients and further modified. The construct validity and reliability of DASI-S were evaluated by administering the modified final DASI-S, which comprised 12 items, along with the physical functioning sub-scale of the 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36), consisting of 10 items to eighty-one patients who were awaiting non-cardiac surgeries at university surgical wards, National Hospital of Sri Lanka (NHSL), and Colombo North Teaching Hospital (CNTH), Sri Lanka. Reliability was assessed through Cronbach alpha, while the validity was evaluated using factor analysis and Spearman’s correlation. The ethical approval was obtained from the Ethics Review Committee, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka. Results The mean age of the participants was 46.2 (± 16.6) years and the majority were females (54.3%). The mean height, weight, and body mass index of the sample were 160.5 (± 9.6) cm, 60.3 (± 11.9) kg, and 23.4 (± 4.5) kgm−2 respectively. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the internal consistency of DASI-S was 0.861. The concurrent validity of DASI-S was substantiated by positively correlating (p

Histologic evaluation of allograft biopsies after lung transplantation has several limitations, suggesting that molecular assessment using tissue transcriptomics could improve biopsy interpretation. This single-center, retrospective cohort study evaluated discrepancies between the histology of transbronchial biopsies (TBBs) with no rejection (NR) and T-cell mediated rejection (TCMR) by molecular diagnosis. The accuracy of diagnosis was assessed based on response to treatment. 54 TBBs from Prague Lung Transplant Program obtained between December 2015 and January 2020 were included. Patients with acute cellular rejection (ACR) grade ≥ 1 by histology received anti-rejection treatment. Response to therapy was defined as an increase in FEV1 of ≥ 10% 4 weeks post-biopsy compared to the pre-biopsy value. Among the 54 analyzed TBBs, 25 (46%) were concordant with histology, while 29 (54%) showed discrepancies. ACR grade 0 was found in 12 TBBs (22%) and grade A1 ≥ 1 in 42 TBBs (78%). Treatment response was present in 14% in the NR group and in 50% in the TCMR group (p = 0.024). Our findings suggest that low-grade acute cellular rejection is less likely to be associated with molecular TCMR, which might better identify lung transplant recipients who benefit from therapy.

Abstract In the framework of optical quantum computing and communications, a major objective consists in building receiving nodes implementing conditional operations on incoming photons, using a single stationary qubit. In particular, the quest for scalable nodes motivated the development of cavity-enhanced spin-photon interfaces with solid-state emitters. An important challenge remains, however, to produce a stable, controllable, spin-dependent photon state, in a deterministic way. Here we use an electrically-contacted pillar-based cavity, embedding a single InGaAs quantum dot, to demonstrate giant polarisation rotations induced on reflected photons by a single electron spin. A complete tomography approach is introduced to extrapolate the output polarisation Stokes vector, conditioned by a specific spin state, in presence of spin and charge fluctuations. We experimentally approach polarisation states conditionally rotated by $$\frac{\pi }{2}$$ π 2 , π, and $$-\frac{\pi }{2}$$ − π 2 in the Poincaré sphere with extrapolated fidelities of (97 ± 1) %, (84 ± 7) %, and (90 ± 8) %, respectively. We find that an enhanced light-matter coupling, together with limited cavity birefringence and reduced spectral fluctuations, allow targeting most conditional rotations in the Poincaré sphere, with a control both in longitude and latitude. Such polarisation control may prove crucial to adapt spin-photon interfaces to various configurations and protocols for quantum information.

In this study, first, synthetic wollastonite microfiber (SWM) with a high aspect ratio (44:1) was produced with a special three-stage production method. Then, fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag-based engineered geopolymer composites (FA+GGBFS-based EGCs) were developed. SWM was used in different proportions instead of FA. The compressive strength of EGCs, changed in the range of 88.1-111.1 and 95.1-122.6 MPa at 7 and 28 days, respectively. Additionally, EGCs containing 6% SWM performed the best, considering both ‘‘increasing deformation capacity’’ and ‘‘maintaining the bearing strength by fiber bridging after crack’’, since they acted like a fiber owing to the acicular particle structure of SWM. Moreover, it can be said that the presence of the SWM mineral in the pore system, ensured pore discontinuities in the matrix because of its acicular particle structure. Consequently, the mechanical, durability and dimensional stability properties of EGCs improved with SWM.

The version 10 (v10) Atmospheric Carbon Observations from Space (ACOS) Level 2 full-physics (L2FP) retrieval algorithm has been applied to multiyear records of observations from NASA's Orbiting Carbon Observatory 2 and 3 sensors (OCO-2 and OCO-3, respectively) to provide estimates of the carbon dioxide (CO2) column-averaged dry-air mole fraction (XCO2). In this study, a number of improvements to the ACOS v10 L2FP algorithm are described. The post-processing quality filtering and bias correction of the XCO2 estimates against multiple truth proxies are also discussed. The OCO v10 data volumes and XCO2 estimates from the two sensors for the time period of August 2019 through February 2022 are compared, highlighting differences in spatiotemporal sampling but demonstrating broad agreement between the two sensors where they overlap in time and space. A number of evaluation sources applied to both sensors suggest they are broadly similar in data and error characteristics. Mean OCO-3 differences relative to collocated OCO-2 data are approximately 0.2 and −0.3 ppm for land and ocean observations, respectively. Comparison of XCO2 estimates to collocated Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) measurements shows root mean squared errors (RMSEs) of approximately 0.8 and 0.9 ppm for OCO-2 and OCO-3, respectively. An evaluation against XCO2 fields derived from atmospheric inversion systems that assimilated only near-surface CO2 observations, i.e., did not assimilate satellite CO2 measurements, yielded RMSEs of 1.0 and 1.1 ppm for OCO-2 and OCO-3, respectively. Evaluation of uncertainties in XCO2 over small areas, as well as XCO2 biases across land–ocean crossings, also indicates similar behavior in the error characteristics of both sensors. Taken together, these results demonstrate a broad consistency of OCO-2 and OCO-3 XCO2 measurements, suggesting they may be used together for scientific analyses.

Photoproduction of π0π±-pairs from quasifree nucleons bound in the deuteron has been investigated to study the helicity dependence of this reaction. Measurements with a liquid deuterium target were used to extract the unpolarized cross sections for reactions on protons and neutrons. A deuterated, longitudinally polarized solid-butanol target, together with a circularly polarized photon beam, determined the double polarization observable E. From these results the spin-dependent cross sections σ1/2 and σ3/2, corresponding to the anti-parallel and parallel spin configurations of the beam photon and target nucleon, have been derived. The measurements were performed at the Mainz MAMI accelerator with tagged, circularly-polarized photon beams produced via bremsstrahlung from longitudinally polarized electron beams. The reaction products were detected with an almost 4π solid-angle covering calorimeter composed of the Crystal Ball and TAPS detectors, supplemented by plastic scintillation detectors for charged particle identification. The results are sensitive to sequential decays of nucleon resonances via intermediate states and also to the decay of nucleon resonances by emission of charged ρ mesons, and are compared to recent model results.

Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui ragam bentuk ekspresi pengalaman fana dikalangan urban sufisme: studi pada kelompok tarekat Qadiriyyah wa Naqsyabandiyyah di Lampung. Tulisan ini berjenis penelitian lapangan (field research), metode pengumpulan datanya: observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi, yang penulis lakukan di Majelis Thalabul Ilmi Al-Hanif Lampung, bertempat di Teluk Betung Barat, Kota Bandar Lampung. Metode analisisnya menggunakan pendekatan fenomenologi. Hasil dari penilitian ini menunjukan adanya beberapa ragam pengalaman fana terkait di majelis MTI Al-Hanif Lampung, yang dialami oleh jamaahnya berdasarkan surah Al-Anfal ayat 2, sehingga mereka menggunakan dalil tersebut untuk memahami pengalaman yang terjadi pada diri mereka. Kaum sufi tersebut ada yang menangis, teriak-teriak dan diam dalam ragam bentuk ekspresi fana yang dilakukan oleh mereka

Uncertainties in an output of interest that depends on the solution of a complex system (e.g., of partial differential equations with random inputs) are often, if not nearly ubiquitously, determined in practice using Monte Carlo (MC) estimation. While simple to implement, MC estimation fails to provide reliable information about statistical quantities (such as the expected value of the output of interest) in application settings such as climate modeling, for which obtaining a single realization of the output of interest is a costly endeavor. Specifically, the dilemma encountered is that many samples of the output of interest have to be collected in order to obtain an MC estimator that has sufficient accuracy – so many, in fact, that the available computational budget is not large enough to effect the number of samples needed. To circumvent this dilemma, we consider using multifidelity Monte Carlo (MFMC) estimation which leverages the use of less costly and less accurate surrogate models (such as coarser grids, reduced-order models, simplified physics, and/or interpolants) to achieve, for the same computational budget, higher accuracy compared to that obtained by an MC estimator – or, looking at it another way, an MFMC estimator obtains the same accuracy as the MC estimator at lower computational cost. The key to the efficacy of MFMC estimation is the fact that most of the required computational budget is loaded onto the less costly surrogate models so that very few samples are taken of the more expensive model of interest. We first provide a more detailed discussion about the need to consider an alternative to MC estimation for uncertainty quantification. Subsequently, we present a review, in an abstract setting, of the MFMC approach along with its application to three climate-related benchmark problems as a proof-of-concept exercise.

A first measurement of the polarisation transfer from a circularly-polarised photon to the final state neutron (Cx′n) in deuterium photodisintegration has been carried out. This quantity is determined over the photon energy range 370 – 700 MeV and for neutron centre-of-mass breakup angles ∼45−120∘. The polarisation of the final state neutrons was determined by an ancillary large-acceptance nucleon polarimeter, surrounding a cryogenic liquid deuterium target within the Crystal Ball detector at MAMI. The polarimeter characterised (n,p) charge exchange of the ejected neutrons to determine their polarisation. The new Cx′n data are also compared to a theoretical model based on nucleonic and nucleon resonance degrees of freedom constrained by the current world-database of deuterium photodisintegration measurements. Structures in Cx′n observed in the region of the d⁎(2380) could not be explained by conventional models of deuteron photodisintegration.

Abstract High-energy tau neutrinos are rarely produced in atmospheric cosmic-ray showers or at cosmic particle accelerators, but are expected to emerge during neutrino propagation over cosmic distances due to flavor mixing. When high energy tau neutrinos interact inside the IceCube detector, two spatially separated energy depositions may be resolved, the first from the charged current interaction and the second from the tau lepton decay. We report a novel analysis of 7.5 years of IceCube data that identifies two candidate tau neutrinos among the 60 “High-Energy Starting Events” (HESE) collected during that period. The HESE sample offers high purity, all-sky sensitivity, and distinct observational signatures for each neutrino flavor, enabling a new measurement of the flavor composition. The measured astrophysical neutrino flavor composition is consistent with expectations, and an astrophysical tau neutrino flux is indicated at 2.8 $$\sigma $$ σ significance.

Abstract To establish the role of periodontal pathobionts as a risk factor for myocardial infarction, we examined the contribution of five periodontal pathobionts and their virulence genes’ expressions to myocardial injury (Troponin-I) and coronary artery disease burden (SYNTAX-I scores) using hierarchical linear regression. Pathobiont loads in subgingival-plaques and intra-coronary-thrombi were compared. Troponin-I release increased with one 16S rRNA gene copy/ng DNA of Porphyromonas gingivalis (β = 6.8 × 10–6, 95% CI = 1.1 × 10–7–2.1 × 10–5), one-fold increased expressions of fimA (β = 14.3, 95% CI = 1.5–27.1), bioF-3 (β = 7.8, 95% CI = 1.1–12.3), prtH (β = 1107.8, 95% CI = 235.6–2451.3), prtP (β = 6772.8, 95% CI = 2418.7–11,126.9), ltxA (β = 1811.8, 95% CI = 217.1–3840.8), cdtB (β = 568.3, 95% CI = 113.4–1250.1), all p

Counts of SARS-CoV-2-related deaths have been key numbers for justifying severe political, social and economical measures imposed by authorities world-wide. A particular focus thereby was the concomitant excess mortality (EM), i.e. fatalities above the expected all-cause mortality (AM). Recent studies, inter alia by the WHO, estimated the SARS-CoV-2-related EM in Germany between 2020 and 2021 as high as 200 000. In this study, we attempt to scrutinize these numbers by putting them into the context of German AM since the year 2000. We propose two straightforward, age-cohort-dependent models to estimate German AM for the ‘Corona pandemic’ years, as well as the corresponding flu seasons, out of historic data. For Germany, we find overall negative EM of about −18 500 persons for the year 2020, and a minor positive EM of about 7000 for 2021, unveiling that officially reported EM counts are an exaggeration. In 2022, the EM count is about 41 200. Further, based on NAA-test-positive related death counts, we are able to estimate how many Germans have died due to rather than with CoViD-19; an analysis not provided by the appropriate authority, the RKI. Through 2020 and 2021 combined, our due estimate is at no more than 59 500. Varying NAA test strategies heavily obscured SARS-CoV-2-related EM, particularly within the second year of the proclaimed pandemic. We compensated changes in test strategies by assuming that age-cohort-specific NAA-conditional mortality rates during the first pandemic year reflected SARS-CoV-2-characteristic constants.

Strategies to increase the population and productivity of beef cattle can be implemented through reproductive management, such as artificial insemination (AI) using frozen semen. This study aims to evaluate the characteristics of frozen semen of Limousin bulls of different ages, which can still be used for insemination programs up to 12 years of age. This study used frozen semen of Limousin bulls ages 3, 8, and 12 years produced in 2021 at the Artificial Insemination Center in Singosari, East Java Province, Indonesia. Five bulls from each different age group were used for replication. Computer-assisted sperm analysis was used to determine sperm motility, viability, and abnormalities using eosin–nigrosine staining. Plasma membrane integrity was analyzed using the hypoosmotic swelling test. The acrosomes’ integrity was evaluated using FITC-PNA-PI, protamine deficiency using chromomycin A3, and DNA fragmentation testing using the acridine orange fluorescent technique. The results showed that the parameters of sperm motility, viability, abnormality, plasma membrane integrity, and protamine deficiency showed no significant differences in all age groups. The kinematic parameters (straightness and beat cross frequency) of the 3-year-old group were significantly higher (p

The 2013 curriculum in Indonesia emphasizes the application of scientific method-based mathematics learning, namely scientific learning. However, the fact is that learning mathematics, especially with plane-shaped materials, often uses conventional methods, monotonous presentation of concepts, and teacher-focused learning approaches. Therefore, learning mathematics should be linked to the realities of everyday life, one of which is through learning that utilizes the cultural context. Culture-based contextual learning is mathematics learning that uses a contextual approach with a cultural context as a starting point to build and connect students' understanding of contextual mathematics to formal mathematics. In this study, the cultural context used is a traditional tool in the form of a random number, which is usually seen by students in everyday life. Tools ancak is a traditional tool commonly used by the people of Sapit village as a place to bring various types of dishes to sacred events. The purpose of this research is to produce a culture-based contextual learning design on the area and perimeter of a square. This research method uses qualitative research with a design research approach to development studies. The results show that tools ancak is one of the traditional tools that can be applied to implement culture-based contextual learning because tools ancak has a physical form that can help students understand mathematics, especially the area and perimeter of a square. In addition, this culture-based contextual learning design is also beneficial for students to learn mathematics, especially the area and perimeter of a square while preserving local culture.

Abstract In this paper, we prove some common coupled fixed-point theorems on complete C ⋆ $\mathscr{C}^{\star}$ -algebra-valued partial b-metric spaces. Some of the well-known facts in the literature are generalized and expanded by the results shown. An example to illustrate our findings is presented. We also explore some of the applications of our key results.

Sapit is a village that is rich in natural resources and in the hospitality of its people. This village is also rich in cultural heritage in the form of relics of the pre-literate era, or the period before writing. The purpose of this study is to reveal information related to the pre-literate heritage of Sapit village as evidence of the identity of the Lombok people. This research uses a descriptive qualitative method, which is carried out through the data collection stage, including observation, interviews, and documentation. Furthermore, the data analysis techniques in this study are data collection, data reduction, and data presentation, as well as drawing conclusions about the cultural heritage of the pre-literate Sapit village. The results showed that Sapit village has a wealth of cultural heritage in the form of pre-literate relics, including dolmens, sarcophagi, punden, beads, menhirs, stone lisung, and statues

Law is a controller of human behavior, but not the least of the legal rules there are different interpretations. KHI as the law that regulates marriage in Indonesia cannot be separated from this, namely Article 53 concerning Pregnant Marriage. In regulating human life, law must consider the aspects of benefit and harm (maqhosid syrai'ah). The purpose of this paper is to clarify the purpose of KHI Article 53 as law. In this study the method used is a qualitative research method and uses the Maqhosid Syari'ah approach. While the sources of data collection in this study are books, articles, manuscripts or the like related to similar themes. The data analysis methods in this study are collecting data, reducing data, presenting data and drawing conclusions. Based on the analysis conducted by KHI Article 53 which regulates pregnant marriage accommodates the maqhosid syari'ah aspect, namely the benefit of protecting honor and offspring.

The Thermal And Near infrared Sensor for carbon Observation – Fourier Transform Spectrometer (TANSO-FTS) on the Japanese Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite (GOSAT) has been returning data since April 2009. The version 9 (v9) Atmospheric Carbon Observations from Space (ACOS) Level 2 Full Physics (L2FP) retrieval algorithm (Kiel et al., 2019) was used to derive estimates of carbon dioxide (CO2) dry air mole fraction (XCO2) from the TANSO-FTS measurements collected over its first 11 years of operation. The bias correction and quality filtering of the L2FP XCO2 product were evaluated using estimates derived from the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) as well as values simulated from a suite of global atmospheric inversion systems (models) which do not assimilate satellite-derived CO2. In addition, the v9 ACOS GOSAT XCO2 results were compared with collocated XCO2 estimates derived from NASA's Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2), using the version 10 (v10) ACOS L2FP algorithm. These tests indicate that the v9 ACOS GOSAT XCO2 product has improved throughput, scatter, and bias, when compared to the earlier v7.3 ACOS GOSAT product, which extended through mid 2016. Of the 37 million soundings collected by GOSAT through June 2020, approximately 20 % were selected for processing by the v9 L2FP algorithm after screening for clouds and other artifacts. After post-processing, 5.4 % of the soundings (2×106 out of 37×106) were assigned a “good” XCO2 quality flag, as compared to 3.9 % in v7.3 ( ×106 out of 24×106). After quality filtering and bias correction, the differences in XCO2 between ACOS GOSAT v9 and both TCCON and models have a scatter (1σ) of approximately 1 ppm for ocean-glint observations and 1 to 1.5 ppm for land observations. Global mean biases against TCCON and models are less than approximately 0.2 ppm. Seasonal mean biases relative to the v10 OCO-2 XCO2 product are of the order of 0.1 ppm for observations over land. However, for ocean-glint observations, seasonal mean biases relative to OCO-2 range from 0.2 to 0.6 ppm, with substantial variation in time and latitude. The ACOS GOSAT v9 XCO2 data are available on the NASA Goddard Earth Science Data and Information Services Center (GES-DISC) in both the per-orbit full format (https://doi.org/10.5067/OSGTIL9OV0PN, OCO-2 Science Team et al., 2019b) and in the per-day lite format (https://doi.org/10.5067/VWSABTO7ZII4, OCO-2 Science Team et al., 2019a). In addition, a new set of monthly super-lite files, containing only the most essential variables for each satellite observation, has been generated to provide entry level users with a light-weight satellite product for initial exploration (CaltechDATA, https://doi.org/10.22002/D1.2178, Eldering, 2021). The v9 ACOS Data User's Guide (DUG) describes best-use practices for the GOSAT data (O'Dell et al., 2020). The GOSAT v9 data set should be especially useful for studies of carbon cycle phenomena that span a full decade or more and may serve as a useful complement to the shorter OCO-2 v10 data set, which begins in September 2014.

Due to increasing human population, the need for quality public transportation has also increased. This study takes stop density, stop layout, and passenger population of those stops into consideration to offer a better regulated public transportation network design that can satisfy the increased demand. In this study, the boarding data is provided by the public transportation department of the city of Antalya, Turkey. Remaining required data was automatically generated using web services and stored in a PostgreSQL database hosted on a cloud server. After visualizing inputs such as bus routes, stop layout, and passenger density on Google Maps and KeplerGL, with the use of the K-Means algorithm, data was clustered to find ”hot” (i.e. attraction) areas on a macro scale. A novel means of connecting hot spots suggested by the outcome of the Genetic Algorithm was developed. To compare the effectiveness of the proposed approach with the existing network, current bus stops were mapped to the new domain. It was observed that a more efficient system was achieved by higher route efficiency and lower transfer counts.

This work focuses on preparation of electrospun matrix for wound dressing application by utilizing sericin, chitosan and silver nanoparticles in PVA nanofibers. Sericin (SS) is extracted from silk cocoon (Bombyx Mori) by alkali degumming method. The extracted sericin is characterised by UV-visible Spectroscopy and FT-IR. Then, individual stock solutions of 2% (w/v) Chitosan (CH) in acetic acid, 10% (w/v) of PVA in deionised water were prepared. To enhance the antimicrobial property to the wound dressing, silver nanoparticles (Ag NP) was prepared using Cynodan dactylon (Bermuda grass) leaves extract and characterised using UV-visible Spectroscopy. The prepared Ag NP was incorporated in the nanofibers at constant proportion. Furthermore, three blended PVA/SS/CH solutions were prepared in the following ratios 8:1:1, 5:2.5:2.5, and 2:4:4 and electrospun to create nanofibrous dressing material. The structural and physical characteristics of the prepared nanofibrous dressing material were studied using SEM and Universal Testing Machine. Based upon mechanical strength and SEM analysis PVA/SS/CH in the ratio 8:1:1 was chosen for In-vitro studies. From the studies it concludes that the prepared PVA/SS/CH electrospun nanofiber will be a promising material for wound dressing.

Neem (Azadirachta indica) is an evergreen tree belonging to the Meliaceae family and is highly infected by the seasonal pest called Helopeltis theivora, the tea mosquito bug. The study monitors the pest infection between May 2019 and April 2021 by the direct counting method. Weekly counts of insect pest population were found to be correlated with weather parameters viz., maximum temperature (Tmax.), minimum temperature (Tmin), relative humidity [morning (07.22hrs) and afternoon (14.22hrs) (RH)], rainfall (mm/day) and wind speed (km/h). Zero inflated count data techniques were opted for modelling the pest dynamics of tea mosquito bug as the data was featured by excess zeroes and heteroscedasticity nature. Poisson, Negative Binomial (NB), zero-inflated Negative Binomial (ZINB) and Negative Binomial Hurdle (NBH) models were fitted for the collected data and compared. The results of different count data models show that the negative binomial hurdle model is a good fit for given data, followed by the zero-inflated negative model. The fitted models show the weather covariates, which highly influencing the pest infestation on neem tree.

The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of separating X- and Y-sperm using nano-albumen (NA). The material used in this study was fresh semen of Ongole Crossbreed bulls with progressive motility of ≥ 70%. Treatments for the top and bottom fractions were T0 (BSA 5% : 10%) as a control, T1 (NA 2% : 4%), T2 (NA 4% : 6%), and T3 (NA 6% : 8%). Sexed semen was evaluated for characteristics and kinematics, and the proportions of sexed semen were validated using morphometric and polymerase chain reaction methods. The data on the characteristics and motility kinematics of X- and Y-sperm were analyzed by ANOVA using Minitab 18. The results revealed that the semen separated by the NA column generally showed the same sperm quality characteristics as the BSA column. However, the total motility of the T3y treatment in the bottom fraction was significantly lower (p

This study aims to determine the effect of the age difference of Simmental bulls on motion characteristics, capacitation status, and DNA fragmentation of post-thawing sperms. The frozen semen used was collected from twelve bulls, which were divided into four groups of age, which include a group of two, four, ≥ 10 years old with high semen rejection (≥ 10 HR), and ≥ 10 years old with low semen rejection (≥ 10 LR). Computer Assisted Sperm Analysis (CASA) was used to determine sperm motion characteristics, capacitation status by chlortetracycline (CTC) staining, plasma membrane integrity, and viability using eosin-nigrosine staining. In contrast, the DNA fragmentation index was determined using the Sperm-Bos-halomax kit. The results showed that the four year old group had a higher total and progressive motility percentage than the others (p

López and Johnson et al. used quantitative mass spectrometry to measure changes in protein expression in the nucleus accumbens that were induced by cocaine self-administration in mice. They demonstrated differential effects on protein expression between males and females that eliminated the sex differences observed under basal conditions.

An experiment was designed in Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu during two successive summer seasons, 2021 and 2022, to investigate the effects of high night temperature (HNT) (ambient+3oC) and CO2 (600ppm) on the yield and seed quality parameters of green gram under ten treatments in SPAR (Soil Plant Atmospheric Research) and ambient conditions. The objective of this research was to i) quantify the short-term effects of HNT and CO2 on yield contribution factors and (ii) quantify seed quality parameters employing biochemical analysis. Green gram yield and quality parameters were significantly reduced under HNT and CO2 when compared to ambient condition. Pooled data from two successive summer seasons revealed that when stress was imposed from (i) 43 to 49 DAS (Day After Sowing), the number of flowers dropped per plant significantly increased by 41.3% (ii) 29 to 35 DAS, pod setting percentage decreased by 18.5% (iii) 36 to 42 DAS, grain yield and biomass/plant decreased by 26.9 % and 29.3%respectively. In aspects of seed quality parameters, data revealed that under stress (i) Seed protein decreased by 20.5% from 50 to 56 DAS. (ii) Total sugars, polyphenols, calcium and iron decreased by 17.7, 19.9, 19.9 and 37.3%, respectively from 43 to 49 DAS. (iii) Seed moisture was reduced by 19.7% during 57 to 63 DAS. (iv) The levels of proline and phytic acid increased by 64.3 and 33.8%, respectively, from 50 to 56 DAS and 43 to 49 DAS. Overall, green gram yield was adversely affected on three treatments from 35 to 56 DAS (flower initiation stage to pod filling stage) and seed quality parameters such as protein, total sugars, polyphenols, seed moisture, proline, phytic acid, calcium and iron were reduced under HNT and CO2 from 50% flowering to pod development stage (42 to 56 DAS).

Sapit is a village rich in natural resources and the hospitality of its people. This village also has cultural diversity, not only in the form of social norms, art, ideas, or inspiration but also in the legacy of letters. The purpose of this study is to describe the profile of the historical site heritage of Sapit village as evidence of the identity of the Lombok civilization. This type of research uses descriptive and qualitative methods to reveal the profile of the historical site heritage of Sapit village as evidence of the identity of the civilization of the Lombok people. The study related to the profile of the historical site heritage of Sapit village was carried out through the data collection stage by conducting observations, data analysis stages, and data interpretation stages. The results show that Sapit village has a wealth of historical sites in the form of Sapit inscriptions, Langgar Pusaka, ancient Qur'an, kentongan, kepeng tepong, and the statue of Dewi Sri. These relics are clear evidence of the advancement of literacy and civilization of the Lombok people from pre-historic times to historical times. Sapit merupakan desa yang kaya akan sumber daya alam, dan keramahtamahan masyarakatnya. Desa ini juga memiliki keanekaragaman budaya, tidak hanya berupa norma sosial, seni, ide atau gagasan, melainkan peninggalan-peningalan aksara. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan profil peninggalan situs sejarah desa Sapit sebagai bukti identitas peradaban Lombok. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif untuk mengungkap profil peninggalan situs sejarah desa Sapit sebagai bukti identitas peradaban masyarakat Lombok. Kajian terkait profil peninggalan situs sejarah desa Sapit dilakukan melalui tahap pengumpulan data dengan melakukan observasi, tahap analisis data, dan tahap interpretasi data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa desa Sapit memiliki kekayaan situs sejarah berupa prasasti Sapit, Langgar Pusaka, al-Qur’an kuno, kentongan, kepeng tepong, dan arca Dewi Sri. Peninggalan tersebut menjadi bukti nyata majunya literasi dan peradaban masyarakat Lombok dari zaman pra sejarah sampai zaman sejarah.

Abstract Adopting the Standard Halo Model (SHM) of an isotropic Maxwellian velocity distribution for dark matter (DM) particles in the Galaxy, the most stringent current constraints on their spin-dependent scattering cross-section with nucleons come from the IceCube neutrino observatory and the PICO-60 $$\hbox {C}_3\hbox {F}_8$$ C 3 F 8 superheated bubble chamber experiments. The former is sensitive to high energy neutrinos from the self-annihilation of DM particles captured in the Sun, while the latter looks for nuclear recoil events from DM scattering off nucleons. Although slower DM particles are more likely to be captured by the Sun, the faster ones are more likely to be detected by PICO. Recent N-body simulations suggest significant deviations from the SHM for the smooth halo component of the DM, while observations hint at a dominant fraction of the local DM being in substructures. We use the method of Ferrer et al. (JCAP 1509: 052, 2015) to exploit the complementarity between the two approaches and derive conservative constraints on DM-nucleon scattering. Our results constrain $$\sigma _{\mathrm{SD}} \lesssim 3 \times 10^{-39} \mathrm {cm}^2$$ σ SD ≲ 3 × 10 - 39 cm 2 ( $$6 \times 10^{-38} \mathrm {cm}^2$$ 6 × 10 - 38 cm 2 ) at $$\gtrsim 90\%$$ ≳ 90 % C.L. for a DM particle of mass 1 TeV annihilating into $$\tau ^+ \tau ^-$$ τ + τ - ( $$b\bar{b}$$ b b ¯ ) with a local density of $$\rho _{\mathrm{DM}} = 0.3~\mathrm {GeV/cm}^3$$ ρ DM = 0.3 GeV / cm 3 . The constraints scale inversely with $$\rho _{\mathrm{DM}}$$ ρ DM and are independent of the DM velocity distribution.

The cotton compact variety CO 17 (culture TCH 1819) is a short duration genotype (125-130 days) with synchronized boll maturity suitable for high density planting system (HDPS) was released by Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore during 2020. This variety was developed at Department of Cotton, TNAU, Coimbatore through hybridization involving Khandwa 2 and LH 2220 followed by pedigree breeding. The variety possesses zero monopodia with short sympodial length and is highly suited for high density planting system. It recorded an average seed cotton yield of 2361 kg/ha which is 18.9% increase over the check variety Suraj (National check entry identified for HDPS). Culture TCH 1819 recorded seed cotton yield of 3427 kg/ha which was 21.7 % increase over Suraj and 29.0 % increase over MCU 7 under rice fallow condition. It recorded seed cotton yield of 2051 kg/ha which was 13.8 % increase over Suraj under summer irrigated conditions and also recorded 1604 kg/ha of seed cotton yield under winter rainfed which was 20.1 % increase over the check Suraj. This culture was also evaluated in All India Coordinated Cotton Improvement Project trials for two years during 2016-17 and 2017-18 across ten locations. It registered seed cotton yield of 1850 kg/ha which was 37.9 % increase over Suraj.TCH 1819 culture recorded Upper Half Mean Length (UHML) of 27 mm with bundle strength of 26.9 g/tex. It can spin upto 40’s counts.

Sericin is a water-soluble protein produced by silk cocoons and known to have antioxidant activity. This study is aimed to analyze the nuclear maturation and the quality of bovine oocytes in the collection and in vitro maturation (IVM) medium supplemented with sericin. Bovine oocytes were collected using a collection medium supplemented with sericin in 0 (control) concentrations, 0.1%, 0.5%, and 1%. Selected oocytes were then matured for 24 h at 38.5 oC in 5% CO₂ and evaluated for nuclear maturation. In the subsequent experiment, oocytes were collected and matured with or without 0.1% sericin at 38.5 oC in 5% CO2. Matured oocytes were counterstained with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase nick-end labeling (TUNEL) and Hoechst 33342. Matured oocytes were characterized by oocytes that reached the MII stage. The results showed that supplementation of 0.1% sericin in the collection medium increased the number of oocytes reaching the metaphase II (MII) stage compared to the control group (p

The normal methods for monitoring environmental pollution with image data have many false positives. Therefore, this study is proposing a single-valued neutrosophic set (SVNS) (a variant of NS)-based method as a decision-making model using intuitionistic fuzzy Hamacher generalized Shapley Choquet integral operators for feature extraction and automatic material classification in mining area using satellite data. The experimental results show that this decision-making model using intuitionistic fuzzy Hamacher generalized Shapley Choquet integral operators for feature extraction and automatic material classification can better predict the presence of four heavy metals, i.e., vanadium(V), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), and nickel (Ni) in the study area than other methods. For vanadium metal, the determination accuracies, namely, producer accuracy, user accuracy, overall accuracy, and Kappa were 94.5%, 94.1%, 93.88%, and 0.93%, respectively. It was found that the estimated results and the distribution trend of heavy metals are almost the same as in actual ground measurements.