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Increased CaA total 28 mice were equally divided into four groups as control, SEB (100 mg/kg/day for 14 days), AOM/DSS, and SEB + AOM/DSS. Azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium-induced colon cancer associated with colitis was induced in the AOM/DSS groups within 10 weeks. At the end of the experiments, the colon samples were removed from the mice.The protein bands of caspase - 3, TRPA1, TRPM2, and TRPV1 were increased by the treatments of AOM/DSS. The levels of apoptosis, cyROS, cleaved caspase - 3, and cleaved caspase - 9, as well as the depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane, all increased in the AOM/DSS group. Although they were reduced in the SEB and AOM/DSS + SEB groups by the treatments of SEB, TRPA1 (AP18), TRPM2 (ACA), and TRPV1 (capsazepine) antagonists, the apoptotic and oxidant values were further elevated in the AOM/DSS group by the treatments of TRPA1 (cinnamaldehyde), TRPM2 (HThe activations of TRPA1, TRPM2, and TRPV1 channels induced the increase of apoptotic and oxidant actions in the colon cancer cells, although their inhibition via SEB treatment decreased the actions. Hence, TRPA1, TRPM2, and TRPV1 activations could be used as effective agents in the treatment of colon tumors.

Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the effects of pomegranate fruit extract (PFE) on levels of transient receptor potential (TRP) channel and caspase-3 (Casp-3) expressions, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), total sialic acid (TSA), reduced glutathione (GSH), and malondialdehyde (MDA) in mice with induced colorectal cancer (CRC) by investigating effects of PFE on in vitro mitotic index (MI). Methods Different PFE concentrations on​​ MI against 0.3 μg/mL mitomycin-C (MMC) in cell culture were evaluated by binocular light microscopy. During in vivo applications on Balb/c mice, it was given once physiological saline to group I, PFE for ten weeks to group II, a single dose of azoxymethane (AOM) plus dextran sulfate sodium in drinking water (DSS) to group III, and AOM plus DSS plus PFE to group IV. Tissue samples were evaluated by western blotting, spectrophotometric, and histopathological methods. Results Expressions of Casp-3, TRP ankyrin 1 (TRPA1), and melastatin 2 (TRPM2) channels and TNF-α, TSA, GSH, and MDA concentrations in evaluated tissues had significantly better levels in PFE-treated groups compared to CRC-induced mice. Conclusions Results of the present study indicate that PFE application in mice with induced CRC may be an important modulator of TRPA1 and TRPM2 channels, apoptosis, and inflammatory response by decreasing oxidative stress.

The number of studies on insecticides, which constitute an important class of pesticides, is increasing day by day. These chemicals used in the fight against pests in the field of agriculture; It is also used to fight mosquitoes and insects in homes, gardens and rural areas. Excessive use of insecticides has adversely affected many beneficial organisms besides target organisms. As a result of the negative effects of insecticides on non-target organisms, the normal balance of nature has been disturbed and this has led to the decline of some living species in the world. In many studies from the past to the present, it has been shown that these insecticides have negative effects on the environment, human and animal health. Some of these chemicals, which have many benefits in the fight against agricultural pests, have been banned due to their harmful effects on non-target organisms as a result of excessive use. Today, however, these chemicals are still used intensively against agricultural pests, threatening non-target organisms and human health. For this reason, in this book chapter we have prepared, the negative effects of insecticides on living things are examined by reviewing biochemical and histopathological studies.

Aims: In this study, we determined that whether the liquid extracts of the above-ground parts of Vaccinium myrtillus L. and Rubus idaeus L. have antimutagenic effects against mitomycin C in human peripheral lymphocytes, chromosome aberration (CA), micronucleus (MN) and mitotic index (MI) tests. Methodology: Blood samples of the negative control group (Group I) were allowed to react in a cell culture medium without any treatment, while positive control group (Group II) was allowed to interact in a cell culture medium supplemented with mitomycin-C (MMC) at a dose of 0.3 μL /mL for each chromosome medium. Blood samples of the other groups were allowed to react for 24 hours with 0.3 μL /mL MMC and V. myrtillus L. (Group III, IV, V and VI), and R. idaeus L. (VII, VIII, IX and X) extracts in 0.2 μL /mL, 0.4 μL /mL, 0.8 μL /mL and 1.6 μL /mL doses for each of cell cultures. At the end of the incubation period, culture cells were evaluated by chromosomal aberrations, mitotic, micronucleus and nuclear division index tests. Results: Compared with Group II, it was determined that mitotic, nuclear division and nuclear cytotoxic cleavage indices were increased when chromosome aberrations and micronucleus indexes were decreased in extract groups. When we compared to extract groups and group II, we observed that chromosome aberrations and micronucleus index decreased in extract groups, while mitotic, nuclear division and nuclear cytotoxic cleavage indices were increased. Conclusion: It was concluded that aqueous extracts of V. myrtillus L. and Rubus idaeus L. had significantly antimutagenic effects on the human peripheral lymphocyte cells at the working doses.