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134 results on '"Lunar and Planetary Institute [Houston] (LPI)"'

1. Extraordinary rocks from the peak ring of the Chicxulub impact crater: P-wave velocity, density, and porosity measurements from IODP/ICDP Expedition 364

Author: Jaime Urrutia-Fucugauchi, Axel Wittmann, C. Mellett, Kosei E. Yamaguchi, David A. Kring, Honami Sato, Ludovic Ferrière, Mario Rebolledo-Vieyra, Johanna Lofi, Rubén Ocampo-Torres, Cornelia Rasmussen, Auriol S. P. Rae, Marco J. L. Coolen, Heather L. Jones, Michael H. Poelchau, Long Xiao, Annemarie E. Pickersgill, Michael T. Whalen, Philippe Claeys, Kazuhisa Goto, Naotaka Tomioka, Ulrich Riller, Timothy J. Bralower, Chris Nixon, Christopher M. Lowery, S. Green, Elise Chenot, Jan Smit, Sonia M. Tikoo, Douglas R. Schmitt, Ligia Pérez-Cruz, E. Le Ber, Joanna Morgan, Sean P. S. Gulick, Charles S. Cockell, Gail L. Christeson, Catalina Gebhardt, Institute for Geophysics, University of Texas at Austin [Austin], Department of Geological Sciences, Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College London, Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research ( AWI ), Lunar and Planetary Institute [Houston] ( LPI ), Department of Geology, University of Leicester, Géosciences Montpellier, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Université des Antilles ( UA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Department of Physics, University of Alberta [Edmonton], University of Freiburg [Freiburg], Institut für Geologie, Universität Hamburg ( UHH ), Eyring Materials Center, Arizona State University [Tempe] ( ASU ), Department of Geosciences, PennState University [Pennsylvania] ( PSU ), Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Analytical, Environmental and Geo-Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit [Brussel] ( VUB ), School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, WA-Organic and Isotope Geochemistry Centre ( WA-OIGC ), Curtin University [Perth], Planning and Transport Research Centre ( PATREC ) -Planning and Transport Research Centre ( PATREC ), Natural History Museum [Vienna] ( NHM ), British Geological Survey [Edinburgh], International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University [Sendai], United Kingdom Hydrographic Office, Institut de chimie et procédés pour l'énergie, l'environnement et la santé ( ICPEES ), Université de Strasbourg ( UNISTRA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace, Université de Strasbourg ( UNISTRA ) -Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar ( Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Strasbourg ( UNISTRA ) -Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar ( Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Instituto de Geofísica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México ( UNAM ), School of Geographical and Earth Sciences, University of Glasgow, Argon Isotope Facility, NERC/SUERC, Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Utah, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology ( JAMSTEC ), Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences ( FALW ), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam [Amsterdam] ( VU ), Earth and Planetary Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey [New Brunswick] ( RUTGERS ), Kochi Institute for Core Sample Research, University of Alaska Fairbanks ( UAF ), School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences-Planetary Science Institute, Department of Chemistry, NASA Astrobiology Institute ( NAI ), Funding from the In-ternational Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) and the International Continental scientific Drilling Project (ICDP)., Analytical, Environmental & Geo-Chemistry, Chemistry, Earth System Sciences, Institute of Geophysics [Austin] (IG), Department of Geological Sciences [Austin], Jackson School of Geosciences (JSG), University of Texas at Austin [Austin]-University of Texas at Austin [Austin], Department of Earth Science and Engineering [Imperial College London], Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), Lunar and Planetary Institute [Houston] (LPI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Alberta, Universität Hamburg (UHH), Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Analytical, Environmental and Geo- Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy [Edinburgh], WA-Organic and Isotope Geochemistry Centre (WA-OIGC), The Institute for Geoscience Research [Perth] (TIGeR), School of Earth and Planetary Science [Perth - Curtin university], Planning and Transport Research Centre (PATREC)-Planning and Transport Research Centre (PATREC)-Curtin University [Perth], Planning and Transport Research Centre (PATREC)-Planning and Transport Research Centre (PATREC)-School of Earth and Planetary Science [Perth - Curtin university], Planning and Transport Research Centre (PATREC)-Planning and Transport Research Centre (PATREC), Natural History Museum [Vienna] (NHM), British Geological Survey (BGS), Institut de chimie et procédés pour l'énergie, l'environnement et la santé (ICPEES), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace (FMNGE), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), NERC Argon Isotope Facility [Glasgow], Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre (SUERC), University of Glasgow-University of Edinburgh-University of Glasgow-University of Edinburgh-Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences [Amsterdam] (FALW), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU), Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences [Piscataway], Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey [New Brunswick] (RU), Rutgers University System (Rutgers)-Rutgers University System (Rutgers), University of Alaska [Fairbanks] (UAF), School of Earth Sciences [Wuham], China University of Geosciences [Wuhan] (CUG), NASA Astrobiology Institute (NAI), and Geology and Geochemistry
Subjects: Geochemistry & Geophysics, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Lithology, 04 Earth Sciences, Borehole, Stratigraphic unit, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, [ SDU.STU.ST ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Stratigraphy, 01 natural sciences, physical properties, [ SDU.STU.GP ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Impact crater, Geochemistry and Petrology, Breccia, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), SDG 14 - Life Below Water, Petrology, Porosity, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Chicxulub peak ring physical properties impact crater, 02 Physical Sciences, Scientific drilling, impact crater, peak ring, Geophysics, Chicxulub, Space and Planetary Science, [SDU.STU.ST]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Stratigraphy, Sedimentary rock, Geology
Abstract: Joint International Ocean Discovery Program and International Continental Scientific Drilling Program Expedition 364 drilled into the peak ring of the Chicxulub impact crater. We present P-wave velocity, density, and porosity measurements from Hole M0077A that reveal unusual physical properties of the peak-ring rocks. Across the boundary between post-impact sedimentary rock and suevite (impact melt-bearing breccia) we measure a sharp decrease in velocity and density, and an increase in porosity. Velocity, density, and porosity values for the suevite are 2900–3700 m/s, 2.06–2.37 g/cm3, and 20–35%, respectively. The thin (25 m) impact melt rock unit below the suevite has velocity measurements of 3650–4350 m/s, density measurements of 2.26–2.37 g/cm3, and porosity measurements of 19–22%. We associate the low velocity, low density, and high porosity of suevite and impact melt rock with rapid emplacement, hydrothermal alteration products, and observations of pore space, vugs, and vesicles. The uplifted granitic peak ring materials have values of 4000–4200 m/s, 2.39–2.44 g/cm3, and 8–13% for velocity, density, and porosity, respectively; these values differ significantly from typical unaltered granite which has higher velocity and density, and lower porosity. The majority of Hole M0077A peak-ring velocity, density, and porosity measurements indicate considerable rock damage, and are consistent with numerical model predictions for peak-ring formation where the lithologies present within the peak ring represent some of the most shocked and damaged rocks in an impact basin. We integrate our results with previous seismic datasets to map the suevite near the borehole. We map suevite below the Paleogene sedimentary rock in the annular trough, on the peak ring, and in the central basin, implying that, post impact, suevite covered the entire floor of the impact basin. Suevite thickness is 100–165 m on the top of the peak ring but 200 m in the central basin, suggesting that suevite flowed downslope from the collapsing central uplift during and after peak-ring formation, accumulating preferentially within the central basin.
Published: 2018

2. The formation of peak rings in large impact craters

Author: Cornelia Rasmussen, Jaime Urrutia-Fucugauchi, Honami Sato, Timothy J. Bralower, Xiao Long, Sonia M. Tikoo, David A. Kring, Douglas R. Schmitt, Mario Rebolledo-Vieyra, Philippe Claeys, C.L. Mellett, Johanna Lofi, W. Zylberman, Kosei E. Yamaguchi, Michael T. Whalen, Sean P. S. Gulick, Ludovic Ferrière, Elise Chenot, Gail L. Christeson, Gareth S. Collins, Kazuhisa Goto, Ulrich Riller, Rubén Ocampo-Torres, Naotaka Tomioka, Annemarie E. Pickersgill, Charles S. Cockell, Joanna Morgan, Axel Wittmann, Ligia Pérez-Cruz, Heather L. Jones, Erwan Le Ber, Michael H. Poelchau, Gordon R. Osinski, Jan Smit, Catalina Gebhardt, Christopher M. Lowery, Auriol S. P. Rae, Marco J. L. Coolen, Department of Earth Science and Technology [Imperial College London], Imperial College London, Institute of Geophysics [Austin] (IG), University of Texas at Austin [Austin], Department of Geosciences, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Analytical, Environmental and Geo- Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit [Brussels] (VUB), SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy [Edinburgh], University of Edinburgh, WA-Organic and Isotope Geochemistry Centre (WA-OIGC), Curtin University [Perth], Planning and Transport Research Centre (PATREC)-Planning and Transport Research Centre (PATREC), Natural History Museum [Vienna] (NHM), Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University [Sendai], Lunar and Planetary Institute [Houston] (LPI), Department of Geology [Leicester], University of Leicester, Géosciences Montpellier, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), School of Earth Sciences [Wuham], China University of Geosciences [Wuham] (CUG), The Lyell Centre, British Geological Survey (BGS), Institut de chimie et procédés pour l'énergie, l'environnement et la santé (ICPEES), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Physics and Astronomy [London, ON], University of Western Ontario (UWO), Centre for Planetary Science and Exploration [London, ON] (CPSX), Instituto de Geofísica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), School of Geographical and Earth Sciences, University of Glasgow, Geology, University of Freiburg [Freiburg], Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Utah, Unidad de Ciencias del Agua, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Institut für Geologie, Universität Hamburg (UHH), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Department of Physics [Edmonton], University of Alberta, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences [Amsterdam] (FALW), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU), Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences [Piscataway], Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey [New Brunswick] (RU), Rutgers University System (Rutgers)-Rutgers University System (Rutgers), Kochi Institute for Core Sample Research, University of Alaska [Fairbanks] (UAF), Physical Sciences, Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU)-LeRoy Eyring Center for Solid State Science, Department of Chemistry, Toho University, NASA Astrobiology Institute (NAI), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Work funded by the European Consortium for Ocean Research Drilling (ECORD) and the International Continental Scientific Program, with contributions and logistical support from the Yucatan State Government and Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)., Institute for Geophysics, University of Texas at Austin [Austin]-Jackson School of Geosciences, PennState University [Pennsylvania] ( PSU ), Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Analytical, Environmental and Geo-Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit [Brussel] ( VUB ), School of Physics and Astronomy [Edinburgh], WA-Organic and Isotope Geochemistry Centre ( WA-OIGC ), Planning and Transport Research Centre ( PATREC ) -Planning and Transport Research Centre ( PATREC ), Natural History Museum [Vienna] ( NHM ), Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research ( AWI ), Lunar and Planetary Institute [Houston] ( LPI ), Université des Antilles et de la Guyane ( UAG ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences-Planetary Science Institute, British Geological Survey, Institut de chimie et procédés pour l'énergie, l'environnement et la santé ( ICPEES ), Université de Strasbourg ( UNISTRA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace, Université de Strasbourg ( UNISTRA ) -Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar ( Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Strasbourg ( UNISTRA ) -Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar ( Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), University of Western Ontario ( UWO ), Centre for Planetary Science and Exploration [London, ON] ( CPSX ), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México ( UNAM ), Universität Hamburg ( UHH ), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology ( JAMSTEC ), University of Alberta [Edmonton], Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences ( FALW ), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam [Amsterdam] ( VU ), Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey [New Brunswick] ( RUTGERS ), University of Alaska Fairbanks ( UAF ), Arizona State University [Tempe] ( ASU ) -LeRoy Eyring Center for Solid State Science, NASA Astrobiology Institute ( NAI ), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement de géosciences de l'environnement ( CEREGE ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Collège de France ( CdF ) -Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ), Analytical, Environmental & Geo-Chemistry, Chemistry, Earth System Sciences, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), The Institute for Geoscience Research [Perth] (TIGeR), School of Earth and Planetary Science [Perth - Curtin university], Planning and Transport Research Centre (PATREC)-Planning and Transport Research Centre (PATREC)-Curtin University [Perth], Planning and Transport Research Centre (PATREC)-Planning and Transport Research Centre (PATREC)-School of Earth and Planetary Science [Perth - Curtin university], China University of Geosciences [Wuhan] (CUG), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace (FMNGE), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), BG International Limited, ConocoPhillips, Particle Physics and Astronomy Research Council (PPARC), The Leverhulme Trust, Penn State Department of Geosciences, Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et Nanosciences Grand-Est (MNGE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México = National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Dike, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, General Science & Technology, BASIN FORMATION, Mineralogy, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, GRAVITY, Impact crater, Planet, impact cratering, Impact structure, Petrology, CRUSTAL STRUCTURE, BASIN, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, geography, Science & Technology, Multidisciplinary, geography.geographical_feature_category, Felsic, Drilling, Crust, [ SDU.STU ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, terrestrial analog, CHICXULUB CRATER, Multidisciplinary Sciences, MODEL, 13. Climate action, DENSITY, ASYMMETRY, Science & Technology - Other Topics, QUARTZ, Shear zone, Geology
Abstract: The Chicxulub impact crater, known for its link to the demise of the dinosaurs, also provides an opportunity to study rocks from a large impact structure. Large impact craters have “peak rings” that define a complex crater morphology. Morgan et al. looked at rocks from a drilling expedition through the peak rings of the Chicxulub impact crater (see the Perspective by Barton). The drill cores have features consistent with a model that postulates that a single over-heightened central peak collapsed into the multiple-peak-ring structure. The validity of this model has implications for far-ranging subjects, from how giant impacts alter the climate on Earth to the morphology of crater-dominated planetary surfaces.Science, this issue p. 878; see also p. 836Large impacts provide a mechanism for resurfacing planets through mixing near-surface rocks with deeper material. Central peaks are formed from the dynamic uplift of rocks during crater formation. As crater size increases, central peaks transition to peak rings. Without samples, debate surrounds the mechanics of peak-ring formation and their depth of origin. Chicxulub is the only known impact structure on Earth with an unequivocal peak ring, but it is buried and only accessible through drilling. Expedition 364 sampled the Chicxulub peak ring, which we found was formed from uplifted, fractured, shocked, felsic basement rocks. The peak-ring rocks are cross-cut by dikes and shear zones and have an unusually low density and seismic velocity. Large impacts therefore generate vertical fluxes and increase porosity in planetary crust.
Published: 2016

3. The fate of manganese: fractionation of mn and fe during the kinetic alteration process

Author: Loche, M., Fabre, S., Cousin, A., Treiman, A., Lanza, N., Meslin, P-Y., Gasda, P., Das, D., Tutolo, B., Gasnault, O., Maurice, S., Wiens, R., Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Lunar and Planetary Institute [Houston] (LPI), Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), University of Calgary, Purdue University [West Lafayette], and Lunar and Planetary Institute
Subjects: [SDU.STU.PL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP]
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2023

4. THE PETROGENETIC HISTORY OF THE JEZERO CRATER DELTA FRONT FROM MICROSCALE OBSERVATIONS BY THE MARS 2020 PIXL INSTRUMENT

Author: Hurowitz, Joel, Tice, Michael M., Allwood, Abbigail, Cable, Morgan L., Bosak, T., Broz, Adrian, Caravaca, Gwénaël, Clark, Benton, Dehouck, Erwin, Fairén, Alberto, Gomez, F., Grotzinger, John, Gupta, Sanjeev, Johnson, Jeffrey, Kah, Linda, Kalucha, Hemani, Labrie, J., Li, A., Mandon, Lucia, Núñez, Jorge, Pedersen, D., Poulet, François, Randazzo, Nicolas, Scheller, Eva, Schmidt, Mariek E., Shuster, David L., Siebach, Kirsten, Siljeström, Sandra, Simon, Justin I., Tosca, Nicholas, Treiman, Allan, Vanbommel, Scott, Wade, Lawrence, Williford, Kenneth H., Yanchilina, Anastasia, Department of Geosciences [Stony Brook], Stony Brook University [SUNY] (SBU), State University of New York (SUNY)-State University of New York (SUNY), Texas A&M University [College Station], Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences [MIT, Cambridge] (EAPS), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Purdue University, Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Space Science Institute [Boulder] (SSI), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centro de Astrobiologia [Madrid] (CAB), Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences [Pasadena], California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Department of Earth Science and Engineering [Imperial College London], Imperial College London, Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory [Laurel, MD] (APL), The University of Tennessee [Knoxville], Department of Earth Sciences, Brock University, Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington, Danish Technical University, Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (IAS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), University of Alberta, Berkeley Geochronology Center (BGC), Rice University [Houston], RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC), NASA, University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Lunar and Planetary Institute [Houston] (LPI), Washington University in Saint Louis (WUSTL), Blue Marble Space Institute of Science (BMSIS), Impossible Sensing Inc., and Lunar and Planetary Institute
Subjects: Jezero crater, [SDU.STU.PL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], [SDU.STU.ST]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Stratigraphy, Mars 2020, Mars, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Mineralogy, geochemistry, delta front
Abstract: International audience; On ~sol 370 of the Perseverance rover mission, the Mars 2020 Science Team completed its investigation of igneous units of the Jezero crater floor [1] and directed Perseverance to drive towards the topographic scarp that marks the interface between the crater floor and Jezero’s western delta. The “Delta Front Campaign” consisted of close-up investigation and sampling of lithologies located there.Here, we report on the major findings relevant to the provenance and diagenetic history of these lithologies deduced from measurements made by the Planetary Instrument for X-ray Lithochemistry (PIXL), a micro-focus X-ray fluorescence (XRF) microscope [2]. Data were collected from two sections at Cape Nukshak and Hawksbill Gap; outcrop and member names are from [3]. Lithologies are described here in order from base to top of each section.
Published: 2023

5. THE FIRST FROST DETECTION CAMPAIGN BY THE MARS 2020 PERSEVERANCE ROVER: IMPLEMENTATION AND RESULTS

Author: Martínez, Germán, Lasue, Jérémie, Meslin, Pierre-Yves, Chide, Baptiste, Caravaca, Gwénaël, López-Reyes, Guillermo, Tamppari, Leslie K., Beyssac, Olivier, Polkko, J., Hieta, M., Genzer, M., Harri, A.-M., Newman, Claire, Gillespie, Hartzel, Fischer, Erik, Mora, Luis, Sebastián, Eduardo, Wiens, Roger, Rodríguez Manfredi, Jose, Lunar and Planetary Institute [Houston] (LPI), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Universidad de Valladolid [Valladolid] (UVa), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie (IMPMC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), Aeolis Research, University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System, Centro de Astrobiologia [Madrid] (CAB), Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Purdue University, and Lunar and Planetary Institute
Subjects: Jezero crater, [SDU.STU.PL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology, SuperCam, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], [SDU.STU.ST]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Stratigraphy, Mars 2020, Mars, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, frost
Abstract: International audience; Here we describe the first campaign launched by the Perseverance rover to detect frost during the first Martian year of operations (669 sols as of Jan 5, 2023). This campaign was conceived, developed and executed following lessons learnt from the Mars Science Laboratory Mission, where frost was likely detected [1].Between sols 546 and 548 during northern winter (Ls ~297), measurements of ground temperature and relative humidity by the Mars Environmental Dynamics Analyzer (MEDA, [2]) were used to predict frost formation, while SuperCam laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and Raman spectrometer measurements [3,4] were used to detect frost formation on a target informally called Snowy Mountain. While the measured ground temperature fell below the estimated frost point, and therefore frost was predicted by MEDA, neither H enrichment in LIBS measurements nor Raman peaks associated with water ice were detected by SuperCam.
Published: 2023

6. Askival:An altered feldspathic cumulate sample in Gale crater

Author: Donald Lewis Bowden, John C. Bridges, Agnes Cousin, William Rapin, Julia Semprich, Olivier Gasnault, Olivier Forni, Patrick Gasda, Debarati Das, Valerie Payré, Violaine Sautter, Candice C. Bedford, Roger C. Wiens, Patrick Pinet, Jens Frydenvang, School of Physics and Astronomy [Leicester], University of Leicester, Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Environment, Earth and Ecosystem Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK, Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences [Montréal] (EPS), McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Iowa City], University of Iowa [Iowa City], Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Lunar and Planetary Institute [Houston] (LPI), Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science (ARES), NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC), NASA-NASA, GLOBE Institute, and University of Copenhagen
Subjects: [SDU.STU.PL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology, Geophysics, Space and Planetary Science
Abstract: Askival is a light-toned, coarsely crystalline float rock, which was identified near the base of Vera Rubin Ridge in Gale crater. We have studied Askival, principally with the ChemCam instrument but also using APXS compositional data and MAHLI images. Askival and an earlier identified sample, Bindi, represent two rare examples of feldspathic cumulate float rocks in Gale crater with >65% relict plagioclase. Bindi appears unaltered whereas Askival shows textural and compositional signatures of silicification, along with alkali remobilization and hydration. Askival likely experienced multiple stages of alteration, occurring first through acidic hydrolysis of metal cations, followed by deposition of silica and possible phyllosilicates at low T and neutral-alkaline pH. Through laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy compositional analyses and normative calculations, we suggest that an assemblage of Fe-Mg silicates including amphibole and pyroxene, Fe phases, and possibly Mg-rich phyllosilicate are present. Thermodynamic modeling of the more pristine Bindi composition predicts that amphibole and feldspar are stable within an upper crustal setting. This is consistent with the presence of amphibole in the parent igneous rocks of Askival and suggests that the paucity of amphiboles in other known Martian samples reflects the lack of representative samples of the Martian crust rather than their absence on Mars.
Published: 2023

7. The science case for an orbital mission to Uranus: Exploring the origins and evolution of ice giant planets

Author: Roberto Peron, Jonathan J. Fortney, Denis Grodent, Ralf Srama, L. Lamy, Robert Ebert, S. Hsu, Ioannis A. Daglis, Edward C. Sittler, K. Konstantinidis, Matthew S. Tiscareno, O. Karatekin, M. H. Hofstadter, Nicolas Rambaux, Matthew M. Hedman, Richard Holme, Andrew J. Coates, Tom Stallard, Pierre Henri, Sarah V. Badman, Bruno Christophe, Jessica Agarwal, M. I. Desai, Diego Turrini, Fritz M. Neubauer, Andrew Smith, Agustín Sánchez-Lavega, Julianne I. Moses, Davide Grassi, G. S. Orton, O. Mousis, N. André, C. Labrianidis, Mihaly Horanyi, Federico Tosi, Henrik Melin, P. Zarka, Mathew J. Owens, S. M. P. McKenna-Lawlor, Elizabeth P. Turtle, Benoît Noyelles, Shawn M. Brooks, Matthieu Laneuville, Richard M. Ambrosi, John F. Cooper, Dominic Dirkx, Caitriona M. Jackman, Mario M. Bisi, C. Bracken, Kevin H. Baines, Harald Krüger, Mathieu Barthelemy, E. Khalisi, Kunio M. Sayanagi, Pontus Brandt, Tom Nordheim, J. L. MacArthur, Ondrej Santolik, Glyn Collinson, Sascha Kempf, Jürgen Blum, Robert W. Wilson, I. de Pater, Veerle Sterken, William S. Kurth, Patrick G. J. Irwin, Craig B. Agnor, Frank Postberg, T. M. Bocanegra-Bahamón, Jon K. Hillier, Julie Castillo-Rogez, Eberhard Grün, Georg Moragas-Klostermeyer, Michele K. Dougherty, Christelle Briois, Christopher T. Russell, Nicholas Achilleos, Bertrand Bonfond, Mario Trieloff, Kurt D. Retherford, Abigail Rymer, Renaud Sallantin, Christina Plainaki, Frank Spahn, N. Nettelmann, Achim Morschhauser, S. Vinatier, Gabriel Tobie, Serge Reynaud, Elias Roussos, I. Gerth, A. Luntzer, Joachim Saur, M. Costa-Sitja, Paul M. Schenk, Ravit Helled, David M. Lucchesi, C. Briand, J. Schubert, Régis Courtin, George Hospodarsky, Thibault Cavalié, Sebastien Hess, Chris S. Arridge, V. Lainey, Adam Masters, Anna Milillo, Gianrico Filacchione, Andrea Maier, Jacques Gustin, Nick Sergis, Zoltan Sternovsky, Don Banfield, Leigh N. Fletcher, Mullard Space Science Laboratory (MSSL), University College of London [London] (UCL), Centre for Planetary Sciences [UCL/Birkbeck] (CPS), Department of Physics and Astronomy [UCL London], European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), European Space Agency (ESA), Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), Space Research Centre [Leicester], University of Leicester, Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Department of Physics [Lancaster], Lancaster University, Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH)-NASA, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Cornell University, Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), Technische Universität Braunschweig [Braunschweig], Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Laboratoire de Physique Atmosphérique et Planétaire (LPAP), Université de Liège, National University of Ireland Maynooth (NUIM), Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory [Laurel, MD] (APL), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Laboratoire de physique et chimie de l'environnement (LPCE), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung (MPS), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, DPHY, ONERA, Université Paris Saclay [Châtillon], ONERA-Université Paris-Saclay, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), European Space Astronomy Centre (ESAC), Department of Physics [Athens], National and Kapodistrian University of Athens = University of Athens (NKUA | UoA), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [Berkeley] (LBNL), Southwest Research Institute [San Antonio] (SwRI), Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali - INAF (IAPS), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Space and Atmospheric Physics Group [London], Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London-Imperial College London, Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics [Oxford] (AOPP), University of Oxford [Oxford], University of California [Santa Cruz] (UCSC), University of California, Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik (MPIK), Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics [Boulder] (LASP), University of Colorado [Boulder], University of Idaho [Moscow, USA], Tel Aviv University [Tel Aviv], HEPPI - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut de Mécanique Céleste et de Calcul des Ephémérides (IMCCE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg], School of Environmental Sciences [Liverpool], University of Liverpool, University of Iowa [Iowa City], Department of Physics [Oxford], School of Physics and Astronomy [Southampton], University of Southampton, Royal Observatory of Belgium [Brussels], University of Stuttgart, Universität der Bundeswehr München [Neubiberg], Department of Physics and Astronomy [Iowa City], UTesat-Spacecom, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Vienna [Vienna], Space Research Institute of Austrian Academy of Sciences (IWF), Austrian Academy of Sciences (OeAW), Space Technology Ireland Limited, Institut für Raumfahrtsysteme (IRS), Universität Stuttgart [Stuttgart], Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Space Science Institute [Boulder] (SSI), Univers, Transport, Interfaces, Nanostructures, Atmosphère et environnement, Molécules (UMR 6213) (UTINAM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Institute for Geophysics and Meteorology [Köln] (IGM), University of Cologne, Université de Namur [Namur], University of Reading (UOR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 - UFR de Médecine Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Laboratoire Kastler Brossel (LKB (Jussieu)), Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics [Los Angeles] (IGPP), University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), University of California-University of California, University of the Basque Country [Bizkaia] (UPV/EHU), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Institut für Geophysik und Meteorologie [Köln], Universität zu Köln, Institute of Atmospheric Physics [Prague] (IAP), Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (ASCR), Lunar and Planetary Institute [Houston] (LPI), Department of Earth Sciences [USC Los Angeles], University of Southern California (USC), Office for Space Research and Applications [Athens], Academy of Athens, University of Potsdam, Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics (MPIK), International Space Science Institute [Bern] (ISSI), Cornelle University, Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique UMR6112 (LPG), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Nantes - Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques, Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université d'Angers (UA), Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency [Sagamihara] (JAXA), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Cornell University [New York], Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG ), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Technische Universität Braunschweig = Technical University of Braunschweig [Braunschweig], National University of Ireland Maynooth (Maynooth University), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung = Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research (MPS), DPHY, ONERA, Université Paris Saclay (COmUE) [Châtillon], ONERA-Université Paris Saclay (COmUE), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), University of Oxford, University of California [Santa Cruz] (UC Santa Cruz), University of California (UC), Tel Aviv University (TAU), HELIOS - LATMOS, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg] = Heidelberg University, Royal Observatory of Belgium [Brussels] (ROB), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Université de Namur [Namur] (UNamur), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), University of the Basque Country/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Universität zu Köln = University of Cologne, Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), University of Potsdam = Universität Potsdam, Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique [UMR 6112] (LPG), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lille-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Mullard Space Science Laboratory ( MSSL ), University College of London [London] ( UCL ), Centre for Planetary Sciences [UCL/Birkbeck] ( CPS ), European Space Research and Technology Centre ( ESTEC ), European Space Agency ( ESA ), Queen Mary University of London ( QMUL ), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie ( IRAP ), Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ) -Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées ( OMP ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institute of Space and Astronautical Science ( ISAS ), Jet Propulsion Laboratory ( JPL ), NASA-California Institute of Technology ( CALTECH ), University of Wisconsin-Madison [Madison], Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble ( IPAG ), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble ( OSUG ), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ) -Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory ( RAL ), Science and Technology Facilities Council ( STFC ), Delft University of Technology ( TU Delft ), Laboratoire de Physique Atmosphérique et Planétaire ( LPAP ), National University of Ireland Maynooth ( NUIM ), Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory [Laurel, MD] ( APL ), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique ( LESIA ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Observatoire de Paris-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire de physique et chimie de l'environnement ( LPCE ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Université d'Orléans ( UO ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung ( MPS ), ONERA - The French Aerospace Lab ( Toulouse ), ONERA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center ( GSFC ), European Space Astronomy Center ( ESAC ), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, University of California [Berkeley], Southwest Research Institute [San Antonio] ( SwRI ), Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali ( IAPS ), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica ( INAF ), Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics [Oxford] ( AOPP ), University of California [Santa Cruz] ( UCSC ), Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik ( MPIK ), Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics [Boulder] ( LASP ), University of Colorado Boulder [Boulder], Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales ( LATMOS ), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines ( UVSQ ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines ( UVSQ ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut de Mécanique Céleste et de Calcul des Ephémérides ( IMCCE ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Observatoire de Paris-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), University of Iowa [Iowa], University of Southampton [Southampton], Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris ( IPGP ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -IPG PARIS-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Université de la Réunion ( UR ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Space Research Institute of Austrian Academy of Sciences ( IWF ), Austrian Academy of Sciences ( OeAW ), Institut für Raumfahrtsysteme ( IRS ), Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt ( DLR ), Space Science Institute [Boulder] ( SSI ), Univers, Transport, Interfaces, Nanostructures, Atmosphère et environnement, Molécules ( UTINAM ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Institute for Geophysics and Meteorology [Köln] ( IGM ), University of Reading ( UOR ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 - UFR de Médecine Pierre et Marie Curie ( UPMC ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ), Laboratoire Kastler Brossel ( LKB (Jussieu) ), Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris ( FRDPENS ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics [Los Angeles] ( IGPP ), University of California at Los Angeles [Los Angeles] ( UCLA ), University of the Basque Country [Bizkaia] ( UPV/EHU ), Institute of Atmospheric Physics [Prague] ( IAP ), Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] ( ASCR ), Lunar and Planetary Institute [Houston] ( LPI ), Department of Earth Sciences [Los Angeles], University of Southern California ( USC ), Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique de Nantes ( LPGN ), Université de Nantes ( UN ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), and International Space Science Institute ( ISSI )
Subjects: Outer planets, Gas giant, [PHYS.ASTR.EP]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], Uranus, [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], Natural satellites, Astrobiology, ice giant planets, Neptune, Rings, Physics, Naturalsatellites, Atmosphere, Nice model, Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, orbital mission, [ SDU.ASTR.EP ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], science case, [ PHYS.ASTR.EP ] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], Rings of Uranus, Space and Planetary Science, Exploration of Uranus, Magnetosphere, Physics::Space Physics, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Planetary interior, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Ice giant
Abstract: 著者人数: 114名, Accepted: 2014-08-07, 資料番号: SA1005021000
Published: 2014

8. Investigation of the stratigraphic and chemical relationships between Bradbury and Siccar Point lithostratigraphic groups in Gale crater, Mars

Author: Laetitia Le Deit, Gwénaël Caravaca, Nicolas Mangold, Stéphane Le Mouélic, Erwin Dehouck, Candice C. Bedford, Roger C. Wiens, Jeffrey R. Johnson, Olivier Gasnault, Olivier Forni, Nina Lanza, Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géosciences [UMR_C 6112] (LPG), Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Nantes université - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (Nantes univ - UFR ST), Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Lunar and Planetary Institute [Houston] (LPI), NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC), NASA, Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Purdue University, Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory [Laurel, MD] (APL), and Europlanet
Subjects: [SDU.STU.PL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], [SDU.STU.ST]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Stratigraphy, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences
Abstract: Over the past 10 years, the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) rover Curiosity has been investigating the plains of Aeolis Palus and the lower reaches of Aeolis Mons (informally known as Mount Sharp), a 5 km tall mound of sedimentary rocks in Gale crater (Figure 1). After traversing 27 km and nearly 600 m of vertical stratigraphy, three lithostratigraphic groups have been identified: Bradbury, Mount Sharp, and Siccar Point (SP). The Bradbury group consists of fluvial, deltaic, and lacustrine sedimentary rocks [1-2]. The Mt. Sharp group mainly consists of laminated mudstones with minor fluvial sandstones, interpreted as evidence of a long-lived lacustrine environment [1]. Locally, exposures of the Mt. Sharp group are unconformably overlain by aeolian cross-bedded sandstones of the SP group, interpreted to have deposited on an aeolian deflation surface [3]. While these three groups show evidence of deposition in specific environmental and climatic conditions, knowledge of their stratigraphic relationships is a key information to understand the evolution of environmental conditions in Gale. Yet, no clear stratigraphic contact has been observed at the boundary between the Bradbury and the Mt. Sharp groups. Because the mean dip of the Bradbury group is approximately horizontal, the MSL team suggested that the Bradbury group might be stratigraphically lower than the Mt. Sharp group, and therefore lower than the SP group [1]. Nonetheless, orbital analyses of the region suggested that capping strata of the Bradbury group could be part of the SP group [4]. Chemical data from the ChemCam and APXS instrument suites of Bradbury and SP group rocks have recently shown that both groups have similar compositions and possibly similar sediment sources [5-8]. In this study, we aim to reappraise the stratigraphic and chemical relationships between the Bradbury and SP groups using Mastcam [9-10] and ChemCam data [11-12] to characterize the evolution of Gale’s ancient environment. Lithostratigraphy of Zabriskie Plateau One of the best candidates to assess the potential contact between Bradbury and SP group rocks is located at the Zabriskie Plateau outcrop in the Pahrump Hills area (Figure 1). To better appreciate the facies and 3D geometry of the contacts, this outcrop has been reconstructed as a Digital Outcrop Model (Figure 2, https://skfb.ly/o9ZAq) [13]. In this model, we observe that most of the outcrop is composed of fine to medium-grained sandstones, arranged in dm- to meter-scale cross-stratifications, similar to some of the aeolian facies of the SP group [3]. These sandstones exist as “capping rocks” similar to previously described examples [4], suggesting that they are locally well-cemented on the topmost meter. Near the base of the DOM, we observe a meter-scale, ~30-cm thick, cross-stratified lens-shaped interval of coarser medium to pebble conglomerate. This level represents deposition under energetic aqueous conditions to transport clasts up to the pebble size, more likely to pertain to a fluvial channel. Interestingly, this conglomerate interval is at similar elevation (within one meter) to the surrounding sandstones, with no apparent unconformity, likely evidencing a conformable emplacement of this level within the finer sandstone succession. This would argue that the conglomerate level was deposited synchronously with the finer-grained sandstones during the same depositional event. Chemical composition of Bradbury and Siccar Point groups The average compositions of Bradbury and SP group rocks are overall quite similar (Table 1), and clearly distinct from Mount Sharp group rocks (Figures 3 and 4). By analyzing the rock compositions of Bradbury and SP groups, we sorted them into five major chemical groups, which are, in order of increasing average K2O/Na2O ratio and average K2O content for groups 1 to 4: group 1 has a basaltic composition; group 2 has low SiO2, intermediate TiO2, high FeOT and Na2O contents; group 3 has low CaO, high TiO2, FeOT, and K2O contents; group 4 has low TiO2 and Al2O3, and very high K2O contents; and group 5 has a composition close to group 1 with higher SiO2 and alkali contents (Table 1, Figure 3). Overall, the MgO and Al2O3 contents are quite variable. The composition of these rocks suggests mixing between mafic minerals and feldspars, including alkali feldspars in various proportions (Figure 4). Interestingly, both Bradbury and SP rocks occur in the first three chemical groups, which suggests similar source rocks for both groups of at least two types: a relatively low-potassium basaltic rock and a potassic-rich rock. The relative abundance of potassic-rich source rock in the mixture is interpreted to increase from group 1 to group 4. Besides, Bradbury and SP group rocks have a low Chemical Index of Alteration (CIA), which is indicative of limited chemical weathering (Figure 4). Conclusion 3D observations in the Pahrump Hills area suggest that Bradbury and Siccar Point units are intermingled and synchronous in an environment allowing fluvial episodes to occasionally occur among a drier setting, as observed on Earth [14]. This is consistent with the chemical compositions of Bradbury and Siccar Point groups which suggest similar source rocks in different relative abundances. This relationship implies that the Bradbury group could be younger than Mount Sharp group (Figure 5). To summarize, these observations are in favor of a common origin for both Bradbury and Siccar Point as a single clastic group, representing a temporal evolution from clement conditions during the deposition of Mount Sharp group to a colder and drier environment with still transient episodes of fluvial activity during the deposition of Bradbury and Siccar Point groups. [1] Grotzinger et al., Science 2015. [2] Mangold et al., JGR 2016. [3] Banham et al., Sedimentology 2018. [4] Williams et al., Icarus 2018. [5] Bedford et al., Icarus 2020. [6] Bedford et al., JGR 2022. [7] Thompson et al., LPSC 2022. [8] Thompson et al., this conference. [9] Malin et al., LPSC 2010. [10] Bell et al., Earth and Space Science 2017. [11] Wiens et al., Space Sci Rev. 2012. [12] Maurice et al., Space Sci. Rev. 2012. [13] Caravaca et al., PSS 2020. [14] Newell, Marine and Petroleum Geology 2001.
Published: 2022

9. Uranus Pathfinder: exploring the origins and evolution of Ice Giant planets

Author: Abigail Rymer, S. Kemble, Elias Roussos, Sebastien Hess, Benoît Noyelles, Imke de Pater, Nick Sergis, Glyn Collinson, Stas Barabash, Ravit Helled, Jared Leisner, Chris S. Arridge, Nicholas A Teanby, Baptiste Cecconi, Andy F. Cheng, Norbert Krupp, Andrew Bacon, Joachim Saur, Yves Langevin, Andrew Fazakerley, Steve Miller, Jaques Gustin, Matthew S. Tiscareno, Christopher T. Russell, Mathieu Barthelemy, Nadine Nettelmann, Richard Holme, Philippe Zarka, Ingo Müller-Wodarg, Apostolos A. Christou, Andrew J. Coates, Robert Ebert, Thomas P. Andert, Olivier Mousis, Sandrine Vinatier, Paul M. Schenk, Gerald Schubert, Laurent Lamy, Michael Guest, Craig B. Agnor, Régis Courtin, Daniel Gautier, Jan-Erik Wahlund, Cesar Bertucci, Ulrich R. Christensen, Pontus Brandt, Javier Martin-Torres, Adam Masters, Don Banfield, Silvia Tellmann, Elizabeth P. Turtle, Matthew M. Hedman, Frank Sohl, Mark Hofstadter, Leigh N. Fletcher, Özgür Karatekin, Chris Paranicas, Kunio M. Sayanagi, Nicolas André, Agustín Sánchez-Lavega, Tom Stallard, Kevin H. Baines, Eric Quémerais, Martin Pätzold, Supriya Chakrabarti, Marina Galand, L. Peacocke, Pierre Henri, John F. Cooper, Gabriel Tobie, Marta Entradas, Nicholas Achilleos, Michele K. Dougherty, Renée Prangé, C. P. Chaloner, Henrik Melin, Geraint H. Jones, Jonathan J. Fortney, Edward C. Sittler, Mullard Space Science Laboratory (MSSL), University College of London [London] (UCL), School of Physics and Astronomy [London], Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), Centre d'étude spatiale des rayonnements (CESR), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics [Oxford] (AOPP), University of Oxford [Oxford], Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (IAS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Univers, Transport, Interfaces, Nanostructures, Atmosphère et environnement, Molécules (UMR 6213) (UTINAM), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), University of Rostock [Germany], Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics [Los Angeles] (IGPP), University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), University of California-University of California, Department of Physics and Astronomy [Leicester], University of Leicester, Cornell University, Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique UMR6112 (LPG), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Nantes - Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques, Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université d'Angers (UA), Astrium [Stevenage], EADS - European Aeronautic Defense and Space, Department of Physics and Astronomy [UCL London], Universität der Bundeswehr München [Neubiberg], Swedish Institute of Space Physics [Uppsala] (IRF), Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio [Buenos Aires] (IAFE), Universidad de Buenos Aires [Buenos Aires] (UBA)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET), Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory [Laurel, MD] (APL), Center for Space Physics [Boston] (CSP), Boston University [Boston] (BU), Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research (MPS), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Armagh Observatory [Armagh], NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, Southwest Research Institute [San Antonio] (SwRI), Department of Science and Technology Studies [London] (STS), University of California [Santa Cruz] (UCSC), University of California, Laboratoire de Physique Atmosphérique et Planétaire (LPAP), Université de Liège, Department of Earth and Space Sciences [Los Angeles], University of Colorado [Boulder], School of Environmental Sciences [Liverpool], University of Liverpool, Royal Observatory of Belgium [Brussels], University of Iowa [Iowa City], Centro de Astrobiologia [Madrid] (CAB), Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC), Space Research Centre [Leicester], Fondation Universitaire Notre Dame de la Paix (FUNDP), Facultés Universitaires Notre-Dame de la Paix, Institut de Mécanique Céleste et de Calcul des Ephémérides (IMCCE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Astronomy [Berkeley], University of California [Berkeley], Rhenish Institute for Environmental Research (RIU), University of Cologne, HEPPI - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of the Basque Country/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Institute for Geophysics and Meteorology [Köln] (IGM), Lunar and Planetary Institute [Houston] (LPI), Office for Space Research and Applications [Athens], Academy of Athens, DLR Institute of Planetary Research, German Aerospace Center (DLR), School of Earth Sciences [Bristol], University of Bristol [Bristol], Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Oxford, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), University of Rostock, University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Cornell University [New York], Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique [UMR 6112] (LPG), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG ), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET)-Universidad de Buenos Aires [Buenos Aires] (UBA), Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung = Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research (MPS), University of California [Santa Cruz] (UC Santa Cruz), University of California (UC), Royal Observatory of Belgium [Brussels] (ROB), Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Facultés Universitaires Notre Dame de la Paix (FUNDP), University of California [Berkeley] (UC Berkeley), HELIOS - LATMOS, Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, California Institute of Technology (CALTECH)-NASA, Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Universität der Bundeswehr München [Neubiberg] = Bundeswehr University, Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC)-Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lille-Observatoire de Paris, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Mullard Space Science Laboratory ( MSSL ), University College of London [London] ( UCL ), Queen Mary University of London ( QMUL ), Centre d'étude spatiale des rayonnements ( CESR ), Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées ( OMP ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Jet Propulsion Laboratory ( JPL ), NASA-California Institute of Technology ( CALTECH ), Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics [Oxford] ( AOPP ), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique ( LESIA ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Observatoire de Paris-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut d'astrophysique spatiale ( IAS ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Univers, Transport, Interfaces, Nanostructures, Atmosphère et environnement, Molécules ( UTINAM ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics [Los Angeles] ( IGPP ), University of California at Los Angeles [Los Angeles] ( UCLA ), Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique de Nantes ( LPGN ), Université de Nantes ( UN ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Swedish Institute of Space Physics [Uppsala] ( IRF ), Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble ( IPAG ), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble ( OSUG ), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ) -Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Instituto de Astronomia y Fisica del Espacio ( IAFE ), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas ( CONICET ) -Universidad de Buenos Aires [Buenos Aires], Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory [Laurel, MD] ( APL ), Center for Space Physics [Boston] ( CSP ), Boston University [Boston] ( BU ), Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research ( MPS ), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center ( GSFC ), Southwest Research Institute [San Antonio] ( SwRI ), Department of Science and Technology Studies [London] ( STS ), University of California [Santa Cruz] ( UCSC ), Laboratoire de Physique Atmosphérique et Planétaire ( LPAP ), University of Colorado Boulder [Boulder], University of Iowa [Iowa], Centro de Astrobiologia [Madrid] ( CAB ), Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial ( INTA ) -Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] ( CSIC ), Fondation Universitaire Notre Dame de la Paix ( FUNDP ), Institut de Mécanique Céleste et de Calcul des Ephémérides ( IMCCE ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Observatoire de Paris-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Astronomy Department [Berkeley], Rhenish Institute for Environmental Research ( RIU ), Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales ( LATMOS ), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines ( UVSQ ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines ( UVSQ ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), University of the Basque Country/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea ( UPV/EHU ), Institute for Geophysics and Meteorology [Köln] ( IGM ), Lunar and Planetary Institute [Houston] ( LPI ), and German Aerospace Center ( DLR )
Subjects: Solar System, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [PHYS.ASTR.EP]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], Ciencias Físicas, Uranus, [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], interior, Natural satellite, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Astrobiology, Ice Giant, Orbiter, Neptune, Planet, 0103 physical sciences, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, ICE GIANT, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], natural satellite, ice giants, Nice model, Giant planet atmosphere, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Planetary system, [ SDU.ASTR.EP ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], Ring system, Dynamo, Astronomía, [ PHYS.ASTR.EP ] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], URANUS, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Exploration of Uranus, Magnetosphere, GIANT PLANET ATMOSPHERE, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], ORBITER, CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS, Ice giant
Abstract: The “Ice Giants” Uranus and Neptune are a different class of planet compared to Jupiter and Saturn. Studying these objects is important for furthering our understanding of the formation and evolution of the planets, and unravelling the fundamental physical and chemical processes in the Solar System. The importance of filling these gaps in our knowledge of the Solar System is particularly acute when trying to apply our understanding to the numerous planetary systems that have been discovered around other stars. The Uranus Pathfinder (UP) mission thus represents the quintessential aspects of the objectives of the European planetary community as expressed in ESA’s Cosmic Vision 2015–2025. UP was proposed to the European Space Agency’s M3 call for medium-class missions in 2010 and proposed to be the first orbiter of an Ice Giant planet. As the most accessible Ice Giant within the M-class mission envelope Uranus was identified as the mission target. Although not selected for this call the UP mission concept provides a baseline framework for the exploration of Uranus with existing low-cost platforms and underlines the need to develop power sources suitable for the outer Solar System. The UP science case is based around exploring the origins, evolution, and processes at work in Ice Giant planetary systems. Three broad themes were identified: (1) Uranus as an Ice Giant, (2) An Ice Giant planetary system, and (3) An asymmetric magnetosphere. Due to the long interplanetary transfer from Earth to Uranus a significant cruise-phase science theme was also developed. The UP mission concept calls for the use of a Mars Express/Rosetta-type platform to launch on a Soyuz–Fregat in 2021 and entering into an eccentric polar orbit around Uranus in the 2036–2037 timeframe. The science payload has a strong heritage in Europe and beyond and requires no significant technology developments. Fil: Arridge, Christopher S.. University College London; Estados Unidos Fil: Agnor, Craig B.. Queen Mary University of London; Reino Unido Fil: Andre, Nicolas. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Francia Fil: Baines, Kevin H.. National Aeronautics And Space Administration; Estados Unidos Fil: Fletcher, Leigh N.. University of Oxford; Reino Unido Fil: Gautier, Daniel. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique. Observatoire de Paris; Francia Fil: Hofstadter, Mark D.. National Aeronautics And Space Administration; Estados Unidos Fil: Jones, Geraint H.. University College London; Estados Unidos Fil: Lamy, Laurent. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique. Observatoire de Paris; Francia Fil: Langevin, Yves. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Francia Fil: Mousis, Olivier. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Francia Fil: Nettelmann, Nadine. Universitat Rostock; Alemania Fil: Russell, Christopher T.. University of California at Los Angeles; Estados Unidos Fil: Stallard, Tom. University of Leicester; Reino Unido Fil: Tiscareno, Matthew S.. Cornell University; Estados Unidos Fil: Tobie, Gabriel. Centre de Recherche de Nantes; Francia Fil: Bacon, Andrew. Systems Engineering and Asssessment Ltd; Reino Unido Fil: Chaloner, Chris. Systems Engineering and Asssessment Ltd; Reino Unido Fil: Guest, Michael. Systems Engineering and Asssessment Ltd; Reino Unido Fil: Kemble, Steve. Astrium; Reino Unido Fil: Peacocke, Lisa. Astrium; Reino Unido Fil: Achilleos, Nicholas. University College London; Estados Unidos Fil: Andert, Thomas P.. Universität der Bundeswehr; Alemania Fil: Banfield, Don. Cornell University; Estados Unidos Fil: Barabash, Stas. Sweden Institute of Space Physics; Suecia Fil: Barthelemy, Matthieu. Universite Joseph Fourier; Francia Fil: Bertucci, Cesar. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciónes Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio. - Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio; Argentina Fil: Brandt, Pontus. University Johns Hopkins; Estados Unidos Fil: Cecconi, Baptiste. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique. Observatoire de Paris; Francia Fil: Chakrabarti, Supriya. Boston University; Estados Unidos
Published: 2012

10. Detection of Cosmic Fullerenes in the Almahata Sitta Meteorite: Are They an Interstellar Heritage?

Author: Hassan Sabbah, Mickaël Carlos, Peter Jenniskens, Muawia H. Shaddad, Jean Duprat, Cyrena A. Goodrich, Christine Joblin, Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence Institute (SETI), University of Khartoum, Cosmochimie [IMPMC] (IMPMC_COSMO), Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie (IMPMC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Lunar and Planetary Institute [Houston] (LPI)
Subjects: [PHYS.ASTR.GA]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.GA], [PHYS.ASTR.IM]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: Buckminsterfullerene, C60, is the largest molecule observed to date in interstellar and circumstellar environments. The mechanism of formation of this molecule is actively debated. Despite targeted searches in primitive carbonaceous chondrites, no unambiguous detection of C60 in a meteorite has been reported to date. Here we report the first firm detection of fullerenes, from C30 to at least C100, in the Almahata Sitta (AhS) polymict ureilite meteorite. This detection was achieved using highly sensitive laser desorption laser ionization mass spectrometry. Fullerenes have been unambiguously detected in seven clasts of AhS ureilites. Molecular family analysis shows that fullerenes are from a different reservoir compared to the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons detected in the same samples. The fullerene family correlates best with carbon clusters, some of which may have been formed by the destruction of solid carbon phases by the impacting laser. We show that the detected fullerenes are not formed in this way. We suggest that fullerenes are an intrinsic component of a specific carbon phase that has yet to be identified. The nondetection of fullerenes in the Murchison and Allende bulk samples, while using the same experimental conditions, suggests that this phase is absent or less abundant in these primitive chondrites. The former case would support the formation of fullerenes by shock-wave processing of carbonaceous phases in the ureilite parent body. However, there are no experimental data to support this scenario. This leaves open the possibility that fullerenes are an interstellar heritage and a messenger of interstellar processes.
Published: 2022

11. Formation and destruction of clay minerals in Glen Torridon, Gale crater, Mars

Author: Dehouck, Erwin, Cousin, Agnès, Mangold, Nicolas, Frydenvang, Jens, Gasnault, Olivier, Forni, Olivier, Rapin, William, Gasda, Patrick, Caravaca, Gwénaël, David, Gaël, Bedford, Candice, Lasue, Jérémie, Meslin, Pierre-Yves, Rammelkamp, Kristin, Desjardin, Marine, Le Mouélic, Stéphane, Thorpe, Michael, Fox, Valerie, Bennett, Kristen, Bryk, Alexander, Lanza, Nina, Maurice, Sylvestre, Wiens, Roger, Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géosciences [UMR_C 6112] (LPG), Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Nantes université - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (Nantes univ - UFR ST), Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Lunar and Planetary Institute [Houston] (LPI), UniLaSalle, NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC), NASA, University of Minnesota [Twin Cities] (UMN), University of Minnesota System, Astrogeology Science Center [Flagstaff], United States Geological Survey [Reston] (USGS), Department of Earth and Planetary Science [UC Berkeley] (EPS), University of California [Berkeley] (UC Berkeley), and University of California (UC)-University of California (UC)
Subjects: [SDU.STU.PL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], [SDU.STU.ST]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Stratigraphy, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences
Abstract: International audience; From 2019 to 2021, the Curiosity rover explored the Glen Torridon (GT) region, a topographic troughlocated on the slope of Aeolis Mons, the central mound of Gale crater. GT corresponds to what was previously referred toas the “clay-bearing unit”, due to the detection of smectite signatures by orbital spectro-imagers. One of the objectives ofthis campaign was to better understand the context of formation of the clay minerals, as well as the overall alterationhistory of GT.Here, we used the ChemCam instrument to survey the major-element composition of the bedrock throughout the region.Overall, the GT bedrock is characterized by elevated values of the Chemical Index of Alteration (CIA), which indicatesthat the clay minerals were formed in a context of open-system weathering, i.e., through the interaction of the sediments(or their source rocks) with dilute meteoric fluids at relatively high water-to-rock ratio. We also observed geochemicalvariations correlated with outcrop expression – for example, in the northern part of GT, the spatially dominant type ofbedrock has a distinctive “rubbly” appearance and displays enrichments in both K2O and SiO2, which are best explainedby the presence of illite or a mixed-layer illite/smectite phase.Finally, in the southern part GT, in an area of lighter-toned rocks named the Hutton interval, we found significantly lowerCIA values that are correlated with reduced abundances of clay minerals. We interpret these “anomalous” compositionsas a local diagenetic overprint, and propose that the clay minerals of the Hutton interval have been partially destroyed bythe circulation of concentrated fluids late in the history of Gale.
Published: 2022

12. The Curiosity Rover’s Exploration of Glen Torridon, Gale crater, Mars: An Overview of the Campaign and Scientific Results

Author: Kristen A. Bennett, Valerie K. Fox, Alex Bryk, William Dietrich, Christopher Fedo, Lauren Edgar, Michael T. Thorpe, Amy J. Williams, Gregory M. Wong, Erwin Dehouck, Amy McAdam, Brad Sutter, Maëva Millan, Steven G. Banham, Candice C. Bedford, Thomas Bristow, Abigail Fraeman, Ashwin R. Vasavada, John Grotzinger, Lucy Thompson, Catherine O’Connell‐Cooper, Patrick Gasda, Amanda Rudolph, Robert Sullivan, Ray Arvidson, Agnes Cousin, Briony Horgan, Kathryn M. Stack, Allan Treiman, Jennifer Eigenbrode, Gwénaël Caravaca, Astrogeology Science Center [Flagstaff], United States Geological Survey [Reston] (USGS), Department of Earth Sciences [Minneapolis], University of Minnesota [Twin Cities] (UMN), University of Minnesota System-University of Minnesota System, Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences [Pasadena], California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences [UC Berkeley, USA], University of California [Berkeley] (UC Berkeley), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences [Knoxville], The University of Tennessee [Knoxville], Texas State University, NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC), NASA, Department of Geological Sciences [Gainesville] (UF|Geological), University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), Department of Geosciences [Pennsylvania], Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Jacobs Technology ESCG, Georgetown University [Washington] (GU), Department of Earth Science and Engineering [Imperial College London], Imperial College London, Lunar and Planetary Institute [Houston] (LPI), NASA Ames Research Center (ARC), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Planetary and Space Science Centre (PASSC), University of New Brunswick (UNB), Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Purdue University, Cornell Center for Astrophysics and Planetary Science (CCAPS), Cornell University [New York], Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences [St Louis], Washington University in Saint Louis (WUSTL), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Earth and Planetary Science [UC Berkeley] (EPS), Department of Geosciences [PennState], College of Earth and Mineral Sciences, Penn State System-Penn State System-Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), PLANETO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences [West Lafayette] (EAPS), and Purdue University [West Lafayette]
Subjects: Geophysics, [SDU.STU.PL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology, Space and Planetary Science, Geochemistry and Petrology, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], [SDU.STU.ST]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Stratigraphy, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences
Abstract: International audience; The Mars Science Laboratory rover, Curiosity, explored the clay mineral-bearing Glen Torridon region for one martian year between January 2019 and January 2021, including a short campaign onto the Greenheugh pediment. The Glen Torridon campaign sought to characterize the geologyof the area, seek evidence of habitable environments, and document the onset of a potentially global climatic transition during the Hesperian era. Curiosity roved 5 km in total throughout Glen Torridon, from the Vera Rubin ridge to the northern margin of the Greenheugh pediment. Curiosityacquired samples from 11 drill holes during this campaign and conducted the first martian thermochemolytic-based organics detection experiment with the Sample Analysis at Mars instrument suite. The lowest elevations within Glen Torridon represent a continuation of lacustrine Murray formation deposits, but overlying widespread cross bedded sandstones indicate an interval of more energetic fluvial environments and prompted the definition of a new stratigraphic formation in the Mount Sharp group called the Carolyn Shoemaker formation. Glen Torridon hostsabundant phyllosilicates yet remains compositionally and mineralogically comparable to the rest of the Mount Sharp group. Glen Torridon samples have a great diversity and abundance of sulfurbearing organic molecules, which are consistent with the presence of ancient refractory organicmatter. The Glen Torridon region experienced heterogeneous diagenesis, with the most striking alteration occurring just below the Siccar Point unconformity at the Greenheugh pediment. Results from the pediment campaign show that the capping sandstone formed within the StimsonHesperian aeolian sand sea that experienced seasonal variations in wind direction.
Published: 2022

13. Response-Cretaceous Extinctions

Author: Richard A. F. Grieve, Penny Barton, Arthur R. Sweet, Robert P. Speijer, Peter Schulte, Vivi Vajda, Michael T. Whalen, David A. Kring, Timothy J. Bralower, Alessandro Montanari, Wolfgang Kiessling, Charles S. Cockell, Eric Robin, Joanna Morgan, Clive R. Neal, Elisabetta Pierazzo, Gail L. Christeson, Ignacio Arenillas, Kenneth G. MacLeod, Kirk R. Johnson, Sean P. S. Gulick, Jay Melosh, J.M. Grajales-Nishimura, Tobias Salge, Gareth S. Collins, Greg Ravizza, Jaime Urrutia-Fucugauchi, Takafumi Matsui, Kazuhisa Goto, Richard D Norris, Tamara J. Goldin, Pi Suhr Willumsen, José A. Arz, Wolf Uwe Reimold, Laia Alegret, Philippe Claeys, Christian Koeberl, Paul R. Bown, Alexander Deutsch, Mario Rebolledo-Vieyra, GeoZentrum Nordbayem, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Departamento de Ciencias de la Tierra, University of Zaragoza - Universidad de Zaragoza [Zaragoza], Department of Earth Sciences [Cambridge, UK], University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Department of Earth Sciences [UCL london], University College of London [London] (UCL), Department of Geosciences, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, Institute of Geophysics [Austin] (IG), University of Texas at Austin [Austin], Earth System Science Group [Brussels] (ESSc), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Planetary and Space Sciences Research Institute [Milton Keynes] (PSSRI), Centre for Earth, Planetary, Space and Astronomical Research [Milton Keynes] (CEPSAR), The Open University [Milton Keynes] (OU)-The Open University [Milton Keynes] (OU), Department of Earth Science and Engineering [Imperial College London], Imperial College London, Institut für Planetologie [Münster], Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster (WWU), Department of Lithospheric Research [Wien], Universität Wien, Planetary Exploration Research Center [Chiba] (PERC), Chiba Institute of Technology (CIT), Instituto Mexicano del Petróleo (IMP), Earth Sciences Sector, Natural Resources Canada (NRCan), Research and Collections Division, Denver, Denver Museum of Nature and Science, Museum für Naturkunde [Berlin], Center for Lunar Science and Exploration [Houston], Lunar and Planetary Institute [Houston] (LPI), Department of Geological Sciences, University of Missouri [Columbia] (Mizzou), University of Missouri System-University of Missouri System, Earth and Atmospheric, Purdue University [West Lafayette], Osservatorio Geologico di Coldigioco (OGC), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth Science [Notre Dame] (CEEES), University of Notre Dame [Indiana] (UND), SIO Geological, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Planetary Science Institute [Tucson] (PSI), Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Hawai‘i [Mānoa] (UHM), Unidad de Ciencias del Agua, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Bruker Nano GmbH, Bruker Nano, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Leuven] (EES), Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Geological Survey of Canada [Calgary] (GSC Calgary), Geological Survey of Canada - Office (GSC), Natural Resources Canada (NRCan)-Natural Resources Canada (NRCan), Laboratorio de Paleomagnetismo de Paleomagnetismo y Paleoambientes, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Department of Earth and Ecosystem Sciences [Lund], Lund University [Lund], University of Alaska [Anchorage], Universität Erlangen, Université de Zaragoza, University of Cambridge [UK] ( CAM ), Department of Earth Sciences, University College of London [London] ( UCL ), PennState University [Pennsylvania] ( PSU ), Institute for Geophysics, Earth System Science, Vrije Universiteit [Brussel] ( VUB ), Planetary and Space Sciences Research Institute [Milton Keynes] ( PSSRI ), Centre for Earth, Planetary, Space and Astronomical Research [Milton Keynes] ( CEPSAR ), The Open University [Milton Keynes] ( OU ) -The Open University [Milton Keynes] ( OU ), Department of Earth Science and Engineering [London], Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster ( WWU ), Planetary Exploration Research Center, Chiba Institute of Technology ( CIT ), Programa de Geología de Exploracíon y Explotacíon, Instituto Mexicano del Petroleo, Natural Resources Canada, Museum für Naturkunde, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Center for Lunar Science and Exploration, Lunar and Planetary Institute [Houston] ( LPI ), UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI, Osservatorio Geologico di Coldigioco, Department of Civil Engineering and Geological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Planetary Science Institute [Tucson] ( PSI ), University of Hawaii at Manoa ( UHM ), LAboratoire de Recherche en Mécanique Appliquée ( LARMAUR ), Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] ( LSCE ), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines ( UVSQ ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven ( KU Leuven ), Ressources Naturelles Canada, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México ( UNAM ), Department of Earth and Ecosystem Sciences, University of Alaska, Penn State Department of Geosciences, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster = University of Münster (WWU), Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO - UC San Diego), University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC)-University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México = National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM)
Subjects: Extinction event, Sea level change, Multidisciplinary, Extinction, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Cretaceous, Paleontology, [ SDE.MCG ] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Impact crater, Asteroid, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, Flood basalt, [ SDU.STU.CL ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, Geology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: The Letters by Archibald et al. , Keller et al. , and Courtillot and Fluteau question our conclusion that the Cretaceous-Paleogene mass extinction was caused by the asteroid impact at Chicxulub. All three Letters stress that Deccan flood basalt volcanism played a major role in the extinction. Keller
Published: 2010

14. The Stimson formation at the Greenheugh pediment: stratigraphy, architecture, and correlation

Author: Banham, Steven, Bedford, Candice, Gupta, Sanjeev, Roberts, Amelie, Dietrich, William, Bryk, Alexander, Rubin, David M., Grotzinger, John, Weintraub, Aaron, House, Christopher, Caravaca, Gwénaël, Williams, Rebecca M. E., Kah, Linda C., Vasavada, Ashwin, Department of Earth Science and Engineering [Imperial College London], Imperial College London, Lunar and Planetary Institute [Houston] (LPI), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Department of Earth and Planetary Science [UC Berkeley] (EPS), University of California [Berkeley] (UC Berkeley), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), University of California [Santa Cruz] (UC Santa Cruz), University of California (UC), Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences [Pasadena], Northern Arizona University [Flagstaff], Penn State Department of Geosciences, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Planetary Science Institute [Tucson] (PSI), Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences [Knoxville], The University of Tennessee [Knoxville], Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), and NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH)
Subjects: [SDU.STU.PL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology, dunes, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], [SDU.STU.ST]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Stratigraphy, Mars, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, MSL, Gale crater, aeolian setting, Stimson Formation
Abstract: International audience; The Stimson formation, Gale crater represents the preserved expression of a major dune field which coalesced on the eroded flank of Mount Sharp [1-3]. This unit, which records spatial and temporal relations between interacting dunes can be used to gain insight into aeolian processes, interactions, and dune field construction processes on other planetary bodies. Here, the current understanding (as of spring 2022) of the Stimson formation at the Greenheugh pediment is summarized.
Published: 2022

15. A DELTA-LAKE SYSTEM AT JEZERO CRATER (MARS) FROM LONG DISTANCE OBSERVATIONS

Author: Sanjeev Gupta, Nicolas Mangold, Bell, Jim F., Olivier Gasnault, Tarnas, J. D., Sholes, S., Briony Horgan, Cathy Quantin-Nataf, Brown, A., Stéphane Le Mouélic, Roberta Yingst, Olivier Beyssac, Bosak, T., Fred Calef, Gwénaël CARAVACA, Ehlmann, B., Kenneth Farley, Grotzinger, John P., Hickman-Lewis, K., Holm-Alwmark, S., Kah, Linda C., Kanine, M., Martinez-Frias, J., Mclennan, Scott M., Sylvestre Maurice, Nuñez, J., Ollila, A. M., Gerhard Paar, Paolo Pilleri, Rice, J., Rice, M., Simon, J., Shuster, D., Katie Stack‐morgan, Vivian Sun, Treiman, Allan H., Weiss, B., Wiens, Roger C., Williams, A., Williams, N., Williford, Kenneth H., Department of Earth Science and Engineering [Imperial College London], Imperial College London, Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géosciences [UMR_C 6112] (LPG), Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Nantes université - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (Nantes univ - UFR ST), Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ), Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Purdue University [West Lafayette], Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Plancius Research LLC, Planetary Science Institute [Tucson] (PSI), Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie (IMPMC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), The Natural History Museum [London] (NHM), Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Niels Bohr Institute [Copenhagen] (NBI), Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Lund University [Lund], Natural History Museum of Denmark, The University of Tennessee [Knoxville], Instituto de Geociencias [Madrid] (IGEO), Universidad Complutense de Madrid = Complutense University of Madrid [Madrid] (UCM)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Department of Geosciences [Stony Brook], Stony Brook University [SUNY] (SBU), State University of New York (SUNY)-State University of New York (SUNY), JHUAPL, Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Joanneum Research, College of Engineering and Science [Louisiana], Louisiana Tech University, Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science (ARES), NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC), NASA-NASA, Department of Earth and Planetary Science [UC Berkeley] (EPS), University of California [Berkeley] (UC Berkeley), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Lunar and Planetary Institute [Houston] (LPI), Department of Geological Sciences [Gainesville] (UF|Geological), University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), and Lunar and Planetary Institute
Subjects: Jezero crater, delta, [SDU.STU.PL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], [SDU.STU.ST]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Stratigraphy, Mars 2020, Mars, sedimentolgoy, stratigraphy, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences
Abstract: International audience; Orbital and rover observations of relictgeomorphic features and stratigraphic architectures indicate Mars once had a warmer, wetter climate. Constraining the character, relative timing and persistence of ancient aqueous activity on Mars is possible through detailed interrogation of the stratal geometry of aqueously deposited sedimentary bodies. Such analyses inform interpretations of Martian climate evolution, potential habitability, and search strategies for rocks that might contain potential biosignatures. A prominent sedimentary fan deposit at the westernmargin of Jezero crater has been inferred to be a river delta that built into an ancient lake basin during the Late Noachian-Early Hesperian epochs on Mars (~3.6-3.8 Ga) [1, 2, 3]. The Perseverance rover landed on 18 February 2021 ~2.2 km from the western fan. During the early phase of mission investigations, highresolution images obtained from the Mastcam-Z camera and from the Remote Micro-Imager of the SuperCaminstrument provided the first ground-based observations of the western fan and an associated remnant outcrop, named Kodiak. Here, we report its sedimentology, which provide new constraints on the nature of the fan deposits, and their paleoenvironmental implications (4).
Published: 2022

16. Tensor component analysis as a tool for investigating depth trends in chem-cam libs data from gale crater, mars

Author: Rammelkamp, Kristin, Gasnault, Olivier, Forni, Olivier, Dehouck, Erwin, Bedford, Candice C., Lasue, Jeremie, Cousin, Agnès, Schröder, Susanne, Wiens, Roger C., Lanza, Nina, Institut für Optische Sensorsysteme, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt [Berlin] (DLR), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Lunar and Planetary Institute [Houston] (LPI), Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science (ARES), NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC), NASA-NASA, Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), and Lunar and Planetary Institute
Subjects: LIBS, [SDU.STU.PL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology, ChemCam, pattern recognition, Mars
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2022

17. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE VARIATIONS IN FLUVIAL INPUT WITHIN JEZERO CRATER FROM PERSEVERANCE ROVER OBSERVATIONS

Author: Nicolas Mangold, Sanjeev Gupta, Gwénaël CARAVACA, Olivier Gasnault, Gilles Dromart, Tarnas, J., Sholes, S., Horgan, B., Cathy Quantin-Nataf, Brown, A., Stéphane Le Mouélic, Yingst, R., Bell, J., Olivier Beyssac, Bosak, T., Calef, F., Ehlmann, B., Farley, K., Grotzinger, J., Hickman- Lewis, K., Holm-Alwmark, S., Kah, L., Martinez-Frias, J., Mclennan, S., Maurice, S., Nuñez, J., Ollila, A., Pilleri, P., Rice, J., Rice, M., Simon, J., Shuster, D., Stack, K., Sun, V., Treiman, A., Weiss, B., Wiens, R., Williams, A., Williams, N., Williford, K., Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géosciences [UMR_C 6112] (LPG), Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Nantes université - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (Nantes univ - UFR ST), Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ), Department of Earth Science and Engineering [Imperial College London], Imperial College London, Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Purdue University [West Lafayette], Plancius Research LLC, Planetary Science Institute [Tucson] (PSI), Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie (IMPMC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), The Natural History Museum [London] (NHM), Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Niels Bohr Institute [Copenhagen] (NBI), Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Lund University [Lund], Natural History Museum of Denmark, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences [Knoxville], The University of Tennessee [Knoxville], Instituto de Geociencias [Madrid] (IGEO), Universidad Complutense de Madrid = Complutense University of Madrid [Madrid] (UCM)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Department of Geosciences [Stony Brook], Stony Brook University [SUNY] (SBU), State University of New York (SUNY)-State University of New York (SUNY), JHUAPL, Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), College of Science & Engineering (College of Science & Engineering), University of Texas at Austin [Austin], Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science (ARES), NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC), NASA-NASA, University of California [Berkeley] (UC Berkeley), University of California (UC), Lunar and Planetary Institute [Houston] (LPI), Department of Geological Sciences [Gainesville] (UF|Geological), University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), and Lunar and Planetary Institute
Subjects: Jezero crater, delta, [SDU.STU.PL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], [SDU.STU.ST]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Stratigraphy, Mars 2020, Mars, sedimentology, stratigraphy, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences
Abstract: International audience; The Perseverance rover landed on the floor of Jezero crater on 18 February 2021. The landing site, named “Octavia E. Butler” is located ~2.2 km from the SE-facing erosional scarp of the western fan deposits, which are of strong interest for the mission [1-2]. Images obtained using the Mastcam-Z camera and the Remote Micro-Imager (RMI) of the SuperCam instrument provided the first Mars ground-based observations of this western fan (Fig. 1). At the distance images were taken, the RMI images offer a pixel resolution of 2.2 cm, thus enabling identification of objects of typically 7-8 cm (3-4 pixels). Observations of the residual butte Kodiak confirmed the presence of a lake within Jezero crater, but also showed that the lake deduced from the deltaic architecture at Kodiak had a level ~100 m lower than expected (-2495/-2500 m), and was thus a closed system for a significant period [3]. In addition, the coarser deposits (boulder conglomerates and pebbly sandstones) observed near the top of all of the scarps are typical of fluvial floods with high energy, reflecting a change in hydrology of the fluvial system. Here, we focus on the hydrological characteristics of fluvial deposits observed within the scarps of the delta, both as topsets and as boulder conglomerates.
Published: 2022

18. Grouping chemcam targets by visual characteristics improved by automatic partitioning

Author: Essunfeld, A, Comellas, J, Gasda, P, Oyen, D, Lanza, N, Gasnault, Olivier, Delapp, D, Wiens, R, Clegg, S, Bedford, C, Dehouck, E, Clark, B, Anderson, R, Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), University of Hawai‘i [Mānoa] (UHM), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Lunar and Planetary Institute [Houston] (LPI), NASA, United States Geological Survey (USGS), and Lunar and Planetary Institute
Subjects: [SDU.STU.PL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2022

19. The dynamic atmospheric and aeolian environment of Jezero crater, Mars

Author: Claire E. Newman, Ricardo Hueso, Mark T. Lemmon, Asier Munguira, Álvaro Vicente-Retortillo, Víctor Apestigue, Germán M. Martínez, Daniel Toledo, Rob Sullivan, Ken E. Herkenhoff, Manuel de la Torre Juárez, Mark I. Richardson, Alexander E. Stott, Naomi Murdoch, Agustín Sanchez-Lavega, Michael J. Wolff, Ignacio Arruego, Eduardo Sebastián, Sara Navarro, Javier Gómez-Elvira, Leslie Tamppari, Michael D. Smith, Alain Lepinette, Daniel Viúdez-Moreiras, Ari-Matti Harri, Maria Genzer, Maria Hieta, Ralph D. Lorenz, Pan Conrad, Felipe Gómez, Timothy H. McConnochie, David Mimoun, Christian Tate, Tanguy Bertrand, James F. Bell, Justin N. Maki, Jose Antonio Rodriguez-Manfredi, Roger C. Wiens, Baptiste Chide, Sylvestre Maurice, Maria-Paz Zorzano, Luis Mora, Mariah M. Baker, Don Banfield, Jorge Pla-Garcia, Olivier Beyssac, Adrian Brown, Ben Clark, Franck Montmessin, Erik Fischer, Priyaben Patel, Teresa del Río-Gaztelurrutia, Thierry Fouchet, Raymond Francis, Scott D. Guzewich, Centro de Astrobiología del Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial y CSIC, MDM-2017-0737, Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICINN), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI), Gobierno Vasco, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Aeolis Research, Universidad del Pais Vasco / Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea [Espagne] (UPV/EHU), Space Science Institute [Boulder] (SSI), Centro de Astrobiologia [Madrid] (CAB), Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Lunar and Planetary Institute [Houston] (LPI), University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System, Cornell University [New York], Astrogeology Science Center [Flagstaff], United States Geological Survey [Reston] (USGS), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory [Laurel, MD] (APL), Carnegie Institution for Science, University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique = Laboratory of Space Studies and Instrumentation in Astrophysics (LESIA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Purdue University [West Lafayette], Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution, NASA Ames Research Center (ARC), Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie (IMPMC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Plancius Research LLC, PLANETO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University College of London [London] (UCL), and NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC)
Subjects: Multidisciplinary, Aeolian, Atmosphere, rems, Mars 2020, large eddy simulation, Mars, Dust, earth, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Clouds, bagnold dunes, dust devils, thermal tides, surface, wind, gale crater, convection
Abstract: This article has a correction. Please see: Erratum for the Research Article: “The dynamic atmospheric and aeolian environment of Jezero crater, Mars” - 10 February 2023 Despite the importance of sand and dust to Mars geomorphology, weather, and exploration, the processes that move sand and that raise dust to maintain Mars’ ubiquitous dust haze and to produce dust storms have not been well quantified in situ, with missions lacking either the necessary sensors or a sufficiently active aeolian environment. Perseverance rover’s novel environmental sensors and Jezero crater’s dusty environment remedy this. In Perseverance’s first 216 sols, four convective vortices raised dust locally, while, on average, four passed the rover daily, over 25% of which were significantly dusty (“dust devils”). More rarely, dust lifting by nonvortex wind gusts was produced by daytime convection cells advected over the crater by strong regional daytime upslope winds, which also control aeolian surface features. One such event covered 10 times more area than the largest dust devil, suggesting that dust devils and wind gusts could raise equal amounts of dust under nonstorm conditions. We gratefully acknowledge the huge effort by the entire Mars 2020 team to meet our launch date despite the COVID-19 pandemic, to land and deploy instruments successfully in Jezero crater, and to conduct operations on the surface of Mars since February 2021. This paper arose from discussions within the Mars 2020 Atmospheres Working Group but would not have been possible without the tremendous contributions of everyone involved in Mars 2020 operations. We wish to especially pay tribute to the many team members based in Europe who regularly work through the night as MEDA or SuperCam Payload Uplink and Downlink Leads (PULs/PDLs) or in other roles and to all those who had shifts as Atmospheres Working Group representatives during this period. Last, we gratefully acknowledge the very helpful and constructive comments from both anonymous reviewers. Funding: R.H., A.S.-L., A.M., and T.d.R.-G. are supported by Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation project PID2019-109467GB-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/ and Grupos Gobierno Vasco IT1366-19. I.A., D.T., and V.A. are supported by the Spanish National Research, Development, and Innovation Program through the grants RTI2018-099825-B-C31, ESP2016-80320-C2-1-R, and ESP2014-54256-C4-3-R. L.M., S.N., and J.G.-E. are supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, projects ESP2014-54256-C4-1-R and AYA2015-65041-P; the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation, and Universities, projects ESP2016-79612-C3-1-R, ESP2016-80320-C2-1-R, RTI2018-098728-B-C31, and RTI2018-099825-B-C31; and the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation’s Centre for the Development of Industrial Technology, projects RTI2018-098728-B-C31 and RTI2018-099825-B-C31. Á.V.-R. and M.-P.Z. are supported by Spanish State Research Agency (AEI) project no. MDM-2017-0737 Unidad de Excelencia “María de Maeztu”–Centro de Astrobiología (INTA-CSIC). M.-P.Z. is supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, PID2019-104205GB-C21. M.M.B. and M.-P.Z. are supported by NASA’s Mars 2020 Participating Scientist Program. All other authors were supported by funding from the Mars 2020 mission, part of the NASA Mars Exploration Program. Work by C.E.N. was additionally funded by the InSight Participating Scientist Program.A portion of this work was performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with NASA and funding by SMD, GCD, and STMD. Peerreview
Published: 2022

20. Constraining Alteration Processes Along the Siccar Point Group Unconformity, Gale Crater, Mars: Results from the Sample Analysis at Mars Instrument

Author: B. Sutter, A. C. McAdam, G. M. Wong, J. V. Clark, P. D. Archer, H. B. Franz, P. J. Gasda, D. W. Ming, A. Yen, J. M. T. Lewis, S. P. Schwenzer, S. M. R. Turner, E. B. Rampe, J. L. Eigenbrode, J. C. Stern, L. M. Thompson, E. Dehouck, C. Bedford, S. Banham, A. B. Bryk, C. O’Connell‐Cooper, C. S. House, M. Millan, C. Freissinet, R. Navarro‐Gonzalez, P. R. Mahaffy, C. A. Malespin, Jacobs Technology ESCG, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Penn State Department of Geosciences, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC), NASA, Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Department of Physics and Astronomy [Washington], Howard University, School of Environment, Earth and Ecosystem Sciences [Milton Keynes], Faculty of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics [Milton Keynes], The Open University [Milton Keynes] (OU)-The Open University [Milton Keynes] (OU), Planetary and Space Science Centre (PASSC), University of New Brunswick (UNB), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Lunar and Planetary Institute [Houston] (LPI), Department of Earth Science and Engineering [Imperial College London], Imperial College London, Department of Earth and Planetary Science [UC Berkeley] (EPS), University of California [Berkeley] (UC Berkeley), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Department of Biology [Washington], Georgetown University [Washington] (GU), PLANETO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, UNAM, and Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México = National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM)
Subjects: Geophysics, Space and Planetary Science, Geochemistry and Petrology, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous)
Abstract: International audience; Results from the Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM)-evolved gas analyzer (EGA) on board the Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity rover constrained the alteration history and habitability potential of rocks sampled across the Siccar Point unconformity in Gale crater.The Glasgow member (Gm) mudstone just below the unconformity had evidence of acid sulfate or Si-poor brine alteration of Fe-smectite to Fe amorphous phases, leaching loss of Fe-Mg-sulfate and exchange of unfractionated sulfur 34S (δ34S=2±7‰) with enriched 34S (20±5‰, V-CDT). Carbon abundances did not significantly change (322-661 μgC/g) consistent with carbon stabilization by amorphous Al- and Fe-hydroxide phases. The Gm mudstone had no detectable oxychlorine and extremely low nitrate. Nitrate (0.06 wt.% NO3), oxychlorine (0.13 wt% ClO4), high C (1472 μg C/g), and low Fe/Mg-sulfate concentration (0.24 wt.% SO3) depleted in 34S (δ34S = -27‰ ± 7), were detected in the Stimson formation (Sf) eolian sandstone above the unconformity. Redox disequilibrium through the detections of iron sulfide and sulfate supported limited aqueous processes in the Sf sandstone. Si-poor brines or acidic fluids altered the Gm mudstone just below the unconformity but did not alter underlying Gm mudstones further from the contact. Chemical differences between the Sf and Gm rocks suggested that fluid interaction was minimal between the Sf and Gm rocks. These results suggested that the Gm rocks were altered by subsurface fluids after the Sf placement. Aqueous processes along the unconformity could have provided habitable conditions and in some cases, C and N levels could have supported heterotrophic microbial populations.
Published: 2022

21. The Meteoritical Bulletin, No. 110

Author: Jérôme Gattacceca, Francis M. McCubbin, Jeffrey Grossman, Audrey Bouvier, Nancy L. Chabot, Massimo D'Orazio, Cyrena Goodrich, Ansgar Greshake, Juliane Gross, Mutsumi Komatsu, Bingkui Miao, Devin Schrader, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), NASA, United States Geological Survey [Reston] (USGS), Universität Bayreuth, Johns Hopkins University (JHU), University of Pisa - Università di Pisa, NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC), Lunar and Planetary Institute [Houston] (LPI), Museum für Naturkunde [Berlin], Saitama University, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, and Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU)
Subjects: Geophysics, Space and Planetary Science, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]
Abstract: International audience; Meteoritical Bulletin 110 contains the 2802 meteorites approved by the Nomenclature Committee of the Meteoritical Society in 2021. It includes 10 falls (Arpu Kuilpu, Djadjarm, Glendale, Kindberg, Madura Cave, Motopi Pan, Orconuma, Punggur, Tihigrin, Winchcombe), with 2014 ordinary chondrites (including 1 ungrouped ordinary chondrite), 220 carbonaceous chondrites (including 11 ungrouped), 212 HED achondrites, 69 lunar meteorites, 62 ureilites, 43 iron meteorites, 35 Martian meteorites, 31 Rumuruti chondrites, 27 primitive achondrites, 24 mesosiderites, 19 relict meteorites (all iron meteorites), 15 pallasites, 13 enstatite chondrites, 11 ungrouped achondrites, 7 enstatite achondrites. Of the meteorites classified in 2021, 1270 are from Antarctica, 1049 from Africa, 329 from South America, 123 from Asia, 20 from North America, 6 from Europe, 3 from Oceania, and 2 from unknown locations.
Published: 2022

22. Clustering Supported Classification of ChemCam Data From Gale Crater, Mars

Author: Jérémie Lasue, Olivier Forni, Candice Bedford, Travis Gabriel, Kristin Rammelkamp, Gaël David, Sylvestre Maurice, Erwin Dehouck, Olivier Gasnault, Agnes Cousin, Roger C. Wiens, Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Lunar and Planetary Institute [Houston] (LPI), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), United States Geological Survey (USGS), Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement [Lyon] (LGL-TPE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)
Subjects: QE1-996.5, LIBS, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Astronomy, Gale crater, Mars, QB1-991, Geology, Mars Exploration Program, Environmental Science (miscellaneous), 01 natural sciences, Astrobiology, [SDU.STU.PL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology, classification, 13. Climate action, ChemCam, 0103 physical sciences, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Cluster analysis, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, clustering
Abstract: The Chemistry and Camera (ChemCam) instrument on board the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) rover Curiosity has collected a very large and unique data set of in‐situ spectra and images of Mars since landing in August 2012. More than 800,000 single shot laser‐induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) spectra measured on more than 2,500 individual targets were returned so far by ChemCam. Such a data set is ideally suited for the application of statistical methods for the recognition of patterns that are difficult to observe by humans. In this work, we develop an approach relying on the feature extraction method Non‐Negative Matrix Factorization (NMF) and the repetition of k‐means clustering to classify ChemCam spectra. A strong consistency of the clustering results among the repetitions were found, which allowed us to identify six clusters representing the dominant compositions measured by ChemCam in Gale crater so far. By tracking clusters across the rover traverse from landing to sol 2756, we are able to provide a chemostratigraphic overview of the Gale crater from the ChemCam perspective. Transitions between major geologic groups (such as the Bradbury and the Mt. Sharp groups) are identifiable demonstrating that they are compositionally distinct, consistent with previous work. Compositional differences between their members also appear in the results. Furthermore, a first approach in which a random forest classifier was trained and validated with the obtained cluster assignments, reveals promising results for predicting cluster memberships of new ChemCam LIBS data acquired after sol 2756.
Published: 2021

23. Bedrock geochemistry measured by ChemCam along a 2-km eastward traverse in the Glen Torridon region, Gale crater, Mars

Author: Erwin Dehouck, Agnès Cousin, Nicolas Mangold, Jens Frydenvang, Olivier Gasnault, Kristin Rammelkamp, William Rapin, Olivier Forni, Patrick J. Gasda, Gaël David, Gwénaël Caravaca, Jérémie Lasue, Pierre-Yves Meslin, Candice C. Bedford, Nina L. Lanza, Valerie K. Fox, Kristen A. Bennett, Alexander B. Bryk, Sylvestre Maurice, Roger C. Wiens, Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique [UMR 6112] (LPG), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Lunar and Planetary Institute [Houston] (LPI), Department of Earth Sciences [Minneapolis], University of Minnesota [Twin Cities] (UMN), University of Minnesota System-University of Minnesota System, Astrogeology Science Center [Flagstaff], United States Geological Survey [Reston] (USGS), Department of Earth and Planetary Science [UC Berkeley] (EPS), University of California [Berkeley] (UC Berkeley), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), and Europlanet
Subjects: Geochemistry, LIBS, [SDU.STU.PL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology, ChemCam, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], [SDU.STU.ST]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Stratigraphy, Mars, Stratigrpahy, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Glen Torridon, Gale crater, Sedimentology
Abstract: Introduction In January 2019, the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) rover Curiosity started exploring the Glen Torridon (GT) region of Gale crater, which corresponds to the topographic trough between the Vera Rubin ridge and the Greenheugh pediment (Fig. 1). From orbit, this region stands out due to the relatively strong near-infrared signatures of clay minerals [1,2]. The in-situ data collected so far by Curiosity have allowed the MSL team to confirm and quantify the presence of these clay minerals [3], to characterize their organic content [4], and to document in detail their geochemical and sedimentological settings [5]. In particular, the bedrock chemistry measured by ChemCam shows elevated values of the Chemical Index of Alteration (CIA) throughout most of Glen Torridon [6,7], which indicates an open-system type of alteration [8]. In addition, the ChemCam observations suggest the presence of illite in the fine-grained rocks [9] and reveal a possible relationship between grain size and geochemical variations [10]. Finally, they show that the light-toned rocks located just below the unconformity at the base of the Greenheugh pediment (Fig. 1) are associated with “anomalous” bedrock compositions that may be related to a late-stage diagenetic event at Gale [7]. Here, we report the findings of the ChemCam instrument along a ~2-km eastward traverse within the upper member – named Glasgow – of the Glen Torridon region (Fig. 1). This traverse allowed Curiosity to investigate the lateral variability of this member, while also getting gradually closer to the transition into the overlying sulfate-bearing unit [11]. Dataset ChemCam measures the chemical composition of targeted rocks and soils within a few meters of the rover using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). Quantification of eight major rock-forming oxides is performed routinely [12]. Each ChemCam analysis consists of a raster of several points a few millimeters apart from each other, and each point itself consists of a series of laser shots (typically 30). For bedrock targets, this approach allows removal of unwanted contributions from Ca-sulfate veins or soil material by discarding the corresponding points [e.g., 8]. On sol 3007, ChemCam experienced a technical issue, which required halting the use of the laser during the time of the investigation, while imaging and passive spectroscopy activities continued. LIBS analyses on Mars targets resumed on sol 3107, in the Mont Mercou area (Fig. 1), ~600 m to the east and ~19 m higher in elevation. In addition, data acquired between sols 2816 and 2956 are not used here, since they correspond to a downsection excursion into the underlying Knockfarril Hill member [13]. Results Variations in MgO, K2O and FeOT abundances along the rover path within the Glasgow member are shown in Figures 2, 3 and 4 (respectively). The bedrock composition is overall homogeneous, although small variations are observed for some oxides. In particular, the mean MgO abundance was well below 5 wt% in the western part of the traverse, but reached nearly 6 wt% after the downsection excursion (Fig. 2). This increase in MgO is accompanied by slightly lower Al2O3 abundances (not shown here). In contrast, the K2O content does not show a clear change after the excursion (Fig. 3); however, it decreases slightly during the exploration of an area with rougher terrain (previously mapped as “fIU rubbly” [14]), between sols 2973 and 3000. Regarding FeOT, large variations have been observed at small scale (i.e., within a given LIBS raster) in a group of targets characterized by the presence of dark nodules, likely of diagenetic origin [15,16]. These nodules have high FeOT (up to ~50 wt%), whereas the points in between the nodules show low FeOT (down to ~12.5 wt%). However, at the scale of the whole Glasgow member, the mean FeOT content is quite stable, with only a subtle increase in the eastern part of the traverse (Fig. 4). As mentioned above, the most recent data (last bin in Fig. 2-4) were acquired after a gap of ~600 m laterally and ~19 m vertically. Despite this gap, the bedrock compositions appear remarkably similar to those measured earlier in the Glasgow member, especially after the downsection excursion. This suggests that no major change of environment occurred during the time when LIBS was unavailable. Discussion and conclusion Curiosity’s eastward traverse within the Glasgow member is a rare opportunity to investigate the lateral variability of Gale sedimentary strata at the kilometer scale. The compositions appear overall homogeneous, but some variations are observed. As previously seen in Glen Torridon [6,7,10], Mg and K are the two most varying elements; however, their variations are not always well correlated, as illustrated by the trends observed after the downsection excursion (Fig. 2-3). In addition, while FeOT displays significant variations within some LIBS rasters due to the presence of dark nodules in the bedrock, it is stable at the scale of the whole Glasgow member, which suggests that diagenetic remobilization of iron occurred at small scale only. Finally, the latest data acquired in the Mont Mercou area show that the bedrock compositions are still remarkably similar to those measured ~2 km to the west, when Curiosity first encountered the Glasgow member. As the rover continues to progress uphill, ChemCam will continue surveying the bedrock in search of the first chemical indications of the clay-to-sulfate transition. References: [1] Milliken et al. (2010) GRL, 37. [2] Fraeman et al. (2016) JGR-Planets, 121. [3] Thorpe et al. (2021) LPSC, abstract #1519. [4] Millan et al. (2021) LPSC, abstract #2039. [5] Fedo et al. (2020) LPSC, abstract #2345. [6] Dehouck et al. (2020) LPSC, abstract #2770. [7] Dehouck et al. (2020) AGU Fall Meeting, abstract #P070-06. [8] Mangold et al. (2019) Icarus, 321. [9] Cousin et al. (2021) LPSC, abstract #2127. [10] Caravaca et al. (2021) LPSC, abstract #1455. [11] Rapin et al. (2021) Geology, 49. [12] Clegg et al. (2017) Spectrochim. Acta B, 129. [13] Dehouck et al. (2021) LPSC, abstract #1858. [14] Hughes et al. (2021) LPSC, abstract #1586. [15] David et al. (2021) LPSC, abstract #1433. [16] Gasda et al. (2021) LPSC, abstract #1271.
Published: 2021

24. The Lomonosov Crater Impact Event: A Possible Mega‐Tsunami Source on Mars

Author: Karim Kelfoun, François Costard, S. Clifford, Anthony Lagain, J. A. P. Rodriguez, Jens Ormö, Antoine Séjourné, Sylvain Bouley, Franck Lavigne, Géosciences Paris Sud (GEOPS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Lunar and Planetary Institute [Houston] (LPI), Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans (LMV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de géographie physique : Environnements Quaternaires et Actuels (LGP), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)
Subjects: geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Landform, Amazonian, Terrain, Mars Exploration Program, 01 natural sciences, Paleontology, Geophysics, Meteorite, Impact crater, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Geochemistry and Petrology, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Erosion, Hesperian, 14. Life underwater, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; Recent research suggests that major meteorite impact events into a Late Hesperian/Early Amazonian ocean likely produced a mega‐tsunami that would have resurfaced coastal areas in northwestern Arabia Terra. The orientations of the associated lobate deposits, a conspicuous type of landforms called Thumbprint Terrain, suggests that if an impact event triggered the mega‐tsunami, the most likely location of the source crater is within the northern plains regions situated north of Arabia Terra. This study focuses on the identification of impact craters that impacted into the ocean and are likely to have produced the tsunami. We selected 10 complex impact craters, based on their diameters, location, and geomorphic characteristics. Of those, the Late Hesperian ~120‐km‐diameter Lomonosov crater exhibits a unique topographic plan view asymmetry (compared to other similar‐sized and similar‐aged craters in the northern plains such as Micoud, Korolev, and Milankovic). We attribute its broad and shallow rim, in part, to an impact into a shallow ocean as well as its subsequent erosion from the collapsing transient water cavity. The likely marine formation of the Lomonosov crater, and the apparent agreement in its age with that of the Thumbprint Terrain unit (~3 Ga), strongly suggests that it was the source crater of the tsunami. These results have implications for the stability of a late northern ocean on Mars.
Published: 2019

25. RECONSTRUCTION OF AEOLIAN PALAEOENVIRONMENTS AND PAST CLIMATE EVENTS AT THE GREENHEUGH PEDIMENT, AEOLIS MONS, MARS

Author: Steven Banham, Sanjeev Gupta, Alexander Bryk, Rubin, David M., Edgett, Kenneth S., William Dietrich, Gwénaël CARAVACA, Edgar, Lauren A., Candice Bedford, Ashwin Vasavada, Department of Earth Science and Engineering [Imperial College London], Imperial College London, Department of Earth and Planetary Science [UC Berkeley] (EPS), University of California [Berkeley], University of California-University of California, University of California [Santa Cruz] (UCSC), University of California, Malin Space Science Systems (MSSS), Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique [UMR 6112] (LPG), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Astrogeology Science Center [Flagstaff], United States Geological Survey [Reston] (USGS), Lunar and Planetary Institute [Houston] (LPI), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH)-NASA, and Lunar and Planetary Institute
Subjects: past climates, paleoenvironment, [SDU.STU.PL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Greenheugh pediment, [SDU.STU.ST]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Stratigraphy, Mars, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Gale crater
Abstract: International audience; The signature of major and minor climate events can be recorded in the stratigraphic rec-ord of ancient aeolian dune fields. Sustained aridifica-tion may permit construction of dune fields and preservation of aeolian strata in areas previously char-acterized by strata deposited by water in humid condi-tions. Minor climate events may be manifest as episod-ic changes of the prevailing wind – such as direction reversal – can be encoded by changes to the strati-graphic architecture and facies preserved within an accumulating dune field’s stratigraphic succession. By documenting the stratigraphic record and understand-ing how surface processes generate these strata, cli-mate trends at different time scales can be deciphered, allowing more granular reconstruction of the ancient climates.Between Sols 2600 and 2750, the MSL rover inves-tigated the Stimson formation – which unconformably overlies the lacustrine Murray formation [1,2] – at the north edge of the Greenheugh pediment, to determine the depositional origin and processes which formed the capping unit. The pediment capping unit is interpreted to be an up-slope extension of the Stimson formation, and part of the Siccar point group [1,2,3], which are part of the broader “Mound skirting unit” seen across the lower northern flank of Aeolis Mons [4].
Published: 2021

26. Definition and use of functional analogues in planetary exploration

Author: Vinciane Debaille, Caroline Smith, Frances Westall, Joseph R. Michalski, Hajime Yano, Michel Viso, Luigi Folco, A. Hutzler, Nicolas Bost, Hilde Schroeven-Deceuninck, Jutta Zipfel, Penelope J. Wozniakiewicz, Sara S. Russell, Katherine H. Joy, Jesús Martínez-Frías, John Bridges, Ludovic Ferrière, Martin Lee, Gerhard Kminek, Michael E. Zolensky, Keyron Hickman-Lewis, Frédéric Foucher, Centre de biophysique moléculaire (CBM), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Università degli Studi di Bologna, The Natural History Museum [London] (NHM), Lunar and Planetary Institute [Houston] (LPI), NASA, Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center ES3, Houston, Texas 77058, European Space Agency (ESA), European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), University of Manchester [Manchester], University of Pisa - Università di Pisa, University of Leicester, University of Kent [Canterbury], Instituto de Geociencias [Madrid] (IGEO), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Universidad Complutense de Madrid = Complutense University of Madrid [Madrid] (UCM), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency [Sagamihara] (JAXA), Naturhistorisches Museum -Wien, University of Glasgow, The University of Hong Kong (HKU), ESA Harwell centre, UK Space Agency, Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Senckenberg – Leibniz Institution for Biodiversity and Earth System Research - Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, and Leibniz Association
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, n Mars, Computer science, Mars, 01 natural sciences, Space missions, Space exploration, Human–computer interaction, Planetary exploration, 0103 physical sciences, Selection (linguistics), sort, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Astrophysique, Analogue, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Timeline, Planetary exploratio, Astronomie, Object (computer science), Sciences de l'espace, Space and Planetary Science, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Spare part, Focus (optics), Word (computer architecture)
Abstract: The practical limitations inherent to human and robotic planetary exploration necessitate the development of specific protocols and methods. This non-standard approach requires testing and validation phases in order to optimise instrumental setups and improve data interpretation; this can occur prior to, during, or even after a mission. Flight instruments, and/or their spare models, may be evaluated using relevant terrestrial materials and/or locations. These materials are called analogues: “analogue sites” for large-scale locations, and “analogue samples” for smaller-scale materials. Depending on the scientific domain, the word “analogue” may carry different meanings but is invariably used to denote objects having compositions and/or physical properties similar to specific extraterrestrial objects. However, due to the variability in composition and properties of natural materials, there are always – inevitably – some differences between the analogue and the object(s) to which it refers. In analogue studies, it is, thus, important to focus on the specific properties that need to be imitated and to consider analogue properties rather than analogue sites or samples alone. Here, we introduce the concept of “functional analogues”. We first make an overview of the different types of analogues and sort them according to their utility. We then describe how different types of functional analogues can be used throughout the timeline of space missions, from the evaluation of different methods in the definition of a mission to understanding the results acquired by probes exploring extraterrestrial bodies. Finally, logical pathways are outlined that facilitate the selection of the best-suited functional analogue(s) according to their intended use and taking into account practical limitations., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Published: 2021

27. Lander and rover histories of dust accumulation on and removal from solar arrays on Mars

Author: Naomi Murdoch, François Forget, Thomas Pierron, Ehouarn Millour, Aymeric Spiga, Álvaro Vicente-Retortillo, Claire E. Newman, German Martinez, Ralph D. Lorenz, Unidad de Excelencia Científica María de Maeztu Centro de Astrobiología del Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial y CSIC, MDM-2017-0737, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR), Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory [Laurel, MD] (APL), University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System, Lunar and Planetary Institute [Houston] (LPI), Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Centro de Astrobiologia [Madrid] (CAB), Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Aeolis Research, and Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Planetary boundary layer, Boundary layer meteorology, Mars, 01 natural sciences, Astrobiology, Martian surface, 0103 physical sciences, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Dust devil, Solar power, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Dust devils, business.industry, Photovoltaic system, Mars landing, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Dust, Mars Exploration Program, Deposition (aerosol physics), 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Environmental science, business
Abstract: Highlights Presents solar array dust factor evolution for 6 landed missions. Evaluates statistics of solar array output decline, typically 0.2%/Sol but ranging 0.05–2%/Sol. Determines statistics of cleaning events. Compares evolution with meteorological predictions at the different landing sites. The degradation in electrical output of solar arrays on Mars landers and rovers is reviewed. A loss of 0.2% per Sol is typical, although observed rates of decrease in ‘dust factor’ vary between 0.05% and 2% per Sol. 0.2%/Sol has been observed throughout the first 800 Sols of the ongoing InSight mission, as well as the shorter Mars Pathfinder and Phoenix missions. This rate was also evident for much of the Spirit and Opportunity missions, but the degradation there was episodically reversed by cleaning events due to dust devils and gusts. The enduring success of those rover missions may have given an impression of the long-term viability of solar power on the Martian surface that is not globally-applicable: the occurrence of cleaning events with an operationally-useful frequency seems contingent upon local meteorological circumstances. The conditions for significant cleaning events have apparently not been realized at the InSight landing site, where, notably, dust devils have not been detected in imaging. Optical obscuration by dust deposition and removal has also been observed by ultraviolet sensors on Curiosity, with a similar (but slightly higher) degradation rate. The observations are compared with global circulation model (GCM) results: these predict a geographically somewhat uniform dust deposition rate, while there is some indication that the locations where cleaning events were more frequent may be associated with weaker background winds and a deeper planetary boundary layer. The conventional Dust Devil Activity metric in GCMs does not effectively predict the different dust histories. We thank the InSight science and engineering teams for useful discussions. RL and CEN acknowledge the support of the NASA InSight Participating Scientist Program via Grants 80NSSC18K1626 and 80NSSC18K1630, respectively. AVR is supported by AEI Project No. MDM-2017-0737 Unidad de Excelencia “María de Maeztu”- Centro de Astrobiología (INTA-CSIC)". AS, FF, EM, TP acknowledge the support of CNES, ESA and of ANR (MAGIS, ANR-19-CE31-0008-08). This is InSight Contribution Number 193. We thank Matt Golombek and Veronique Ansan for useful comments. Peerreview
Published: 2021

28. New evidence for climate and erosion history in Gale crater, Mars, from Curiosity’s ascent onto the Greenheugh pediment

Author: Bryk, Alexander B., Dietrich, William E., Lamb, Michael P., Grotzinger, John P., Ashwin Vasavada, Stack, Kathryn M., Ray Arvidson, Fedo, Christopher M., Valerie Fox, Kristen Bennett, Sanjeev Gupta, Wiens, Roger C., Williams, Rebecca M. E., Rachel Kronyak, Lewis, Kevin W., Rubin, David M., William Rapin, Laetitia Le Deit, Stéphane Le Mouélic, Edgett, Kenneth S., Abigail Fraeman, Steven Banham, Candice Bedford, Madison Hughes, Kah, Linda C., Eigendbrode, Jennifer L., Gwénaël Caravaca, Department of Earth and Planetary Science [UC Berkeley] (EPS), University of California [Berkeley], University of California-University of California, California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Washington University in Saint Louis (WUSTL), Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences [Knoxville], The University of Tennessee [Knoxville], Department of Earth Sciences [Minneapolis], University of Minnesota [Twin Cities] (UMN), University of Minnesota System-University of Minnesota System, Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), Department of Earth Science and Engineering [Imperial College London], Imperial College London, Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Planetary Science Institute [Tucson] (PSI), Johns Hopkins University (JHU), University of California [Santa Cruz] (UCSC), University of California, Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique [UMR 6112] (LPG), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Malin Space Science Systems (MSSS), Lunar and Planetary Institute [Houston] (LPI), GSFC Solar System Exploration Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), and American Geophysical Union
Subjects: [SDU.STU.PL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology, Curiosity, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Greenheugh pediment, [SDU.STU.ST]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Stratigraphy, Mars, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, MSL, Gale crater
Abstract: International audience; Curiosity’s southward traverse up the lower north slope of Mt. Sharp (in Gale crater, Mars) and across Glen Torridon has brought it in contact with the organics-bearing sediments of the Knockfarril Hill member, the light-toned, nodule-rich strata found at Western, Central, and Tower buttes, and to the abrupt truncation of these altered Murray sediments at the Greenheugh pediment. Curiosity ascended the steep northern edge of the Greenheugh pediment near Tower butte, thus accessing strata identified ~20 years ago as recording a major environmental transition in the history of Gale. The basal truncation surface of the pediment is the Siccar Point group (SPg) basal unconformity, which extends past Vera Rubin ridge (VRR) to the north. Above the unconformity lies a
Published: 2020

29. The isotopic composition of volatiles in the unique Bench Crater carbonaceous chondrite impactor found in the Apollo 12 regolith

Author: Scott Messenger, Michael E. Zolensky, D. Frank, David A. Kring, Yves Marrocchi, Romain Tartèse, Katherine H. Joy, University of Manchester [Manchester], NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC), NASA, Center for Lunar Science and Exploration [Houston], Lunar and Planetary Institute [Houston] (LPI), Centre de Recherches Pétrographiques et Géochimiques (CRPG), and Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Geochemistry, Context (language use), 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Regolith, Isotopes of oxygen, Parent body, Geophysics, Meteorite, Impact crater, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Geochemistry and Petrology, Chondrite, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Carbonaceous chondrite, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Geology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: Projectiles striking the Moon have modified its crust and delivered volatile elements to its interior and surface. Direct evidence of impactor origins is recorded by the rare occurrence of sub-cm sized meteorite fragments identified in Apollo samples and lunar meteorites. The Bench Crater meteorite is a millimetre-sized carbonaceous chondrite collected in regolith on the rim of Bench impact crater at the Apollo 12 landing site. Transmission electron microscopy has previously shown that Bench Crater contains abundant hydrated silicates, establishing the survivability of hydrated material impacting the lunar surface. To provide further information on the volatile inventory of the Bench Crater meteorite, we report here the isotope compositions of hydrogen, nitrogen, carbon and oxygen. This is the first direct isotopic analysis of meteoritic material delivered to the lunar surface and provides context for volatile and organic element signatures in lunar regolith samples, and the survivability of volatile material delivered to planetary surfaces during impact bombardment. The Bench Crater meteorite is characterised by δD values ranging between −36 ± 40 and 200 ± 40‰, and bulk average δ 13 C of −13 ± 30‰, and δ 15 N of −40 ± 36‰ (all uncertainties at the 2σ confidence level). The oxygen isotope compositions measured in situ in matrix silicates and magnetite in Bench Crater are consistent with those measured in matrix and magnetite in CI and CM chondrite falls. Altogether, these new H, C, N and O isotope data, coupled to mineralogical and geochemical observations, suggest that Bench Crater may have been derived from an asteroidal parent body not represented in the terrestrial meteorite collection. This is a crucial outcome in the current context of sample-return missions to carbonaceous asteroids, and more broadly for investigating the flux of material delivered to the Earth-Moon system through time.
Published: 2020

30. Geochemistry, geochronology and petrogenesis of Maya Block granitoids and dikes from the Chicxulub Impact Crater, Gulf of México: Implications for the assembly of Pangea

Author: Zhao, Jiawei, Xiao, Long, Gulick, Sean P.S., Morgan, Joanna, Kring, David, Fucugauchi, Jaime Urrutia, Schmieder, Martin, de Graaff, Sietze, Wittmann, Axel, ROSS, Catherine, Claeys, Philippe, Pickersgill, Annemarie, Kaskes, Pim, Goderis, Steven, Rasmussen, Cornelia, Vajda, Vivi, Ferrière, Ludovic, Feignon, Jean–Guillaume, Chenot, Elise, Sato, Honami, Yamaguchi, Kosei, J. Bralower, Timothy, Christeson, Gail l., Cockell, Charles S., Coolen, Marco J.L., Gebhardt, Catalina, Goto, Kazuhisa, Green, Sophie, Jones, Heather, LeBer, Erwan, LOFI, Johanna, Lowery, Christopher, OCAMPO-TORRES, Ruben, Perez-Cruz, Ligia, Poelchau, Michael H., Rae, Auriol S.P., Rebolledo-Vieyra, Mario, Riller, Ulrich, Smit, Jan, Tikoo-Schantz, Sonia M., Tomioka, Naotaka, Whalen, Michael T., Chemistry, Analytical, Environmental & Geo-Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Bioengineering Sciences, Earth System Sciences, Institut de chimie et procédés pour l'énergie, l'environnement et la santé (ICPEES), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace (FMNGE), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources [Wuhan] (GPMR), China University of Geosciences [Wuhan] (CUG), State Key Laboratory of Lunar and Planetary Sciences, Macau University of Science and Technology (MUST), Institute of Geophysics [Austin] (IG), University of Texas at Austin [Austin], Department of Earth Science and Engineering [Imperial College London], Imperial College London, Lunar and Planetary Institute [Houston] (LPI), Instituto de Geofisica [Mexico], Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Analytical, Environmental and Geo- Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), Eyring Materials Center for Solid State Science, School of Geographical and Earth Sciences [Univ Glasgow], University of Glasgow, NERC Argon Isotope Facility [Glasgow], Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre (SUERC), University of Glasgow-University of Edinburgh-University of Glasgow-University of Edinburgh-Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Utah, Department of Palaeobiology [Stockholm], Swedish Museum of Natural History (NRM), Natural History Museum [Vienna] (NHM), Department of Lithospheric Research [Wien], Universität Wien, Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Department of Chemistry, Toho University, and Study funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41772050, 41830214, 41773061), MOST Special Fund from the State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences (MSFGPMR05) and the Science andTechnology Development Fund (FDCT) of Macau (Grant No. 121/2017/A3).
Subjects: Felsite, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Geochemistry, [SDU.STU.PE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Petrography, Annan geovetenskap och miljövetenskap, Geology, Orogeny, Pangea, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Anatexis, 01 natural sciences, Continental arc, Peri–Gondwanan realm, Gondwana, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Geochronology, Chicxulub impact crater, Slab breakoff, Laurentia, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Petrogenesis, Other Earth and Related Environmental Sciences
Abstract: 23 pages; International audience; The Late Paleozoic tectono–magmatic history and basement of the Maya block are poorly understood due to the lack of exposures of coeval magmatic rocks in the region. Recently, IODP–ICDP Expedition 364 recovered drill core samples at borehole M0077A from the peak ring of the Chicxulub impact crater, offshore of the Yucatán peninsula in the Gulf of México, have been studied comprehensively. In the lowermost ~600 m of the drill core, impact–deformed granitoids, and minor felsite and dolerite dykes are intercalated with impact melts and breccias. Zircon U-Pb dating of granitoids yielded ages of around 326 ± 5 Ma, representing the first recovery of Late Paleozoic magmatic rocks from the Maya block, which could be genetically related to the convergence of Laurentia and Gondwana. The granitoids show the features of high K2O/Na2O, LaN/YbN and Sr/Y ratios, but very low Yb and Y contents, indicating an adakitic affinity. They are also characterized by slightly positive ԑNd(326Ma) of 0.17–0.68, intermediate initial 87Sr/86Sr(326Ma) of 0.7036–0.7047 and two–stage Nd model age (TDM2) of 1027–1069 Ma, which may indicate a less evolved crustal source. Thus, the adakitic granitoids were probably generated by partial melting of thickened crust, with source components similar to Neoproterozoic metagabbro in the Carolina block (Pan–African Orogeny materials) along Peri–Gondwana. Felsite dykes are shoshonitic with typical continental arc features that are sourced from a metasomatic mantle wedge by slab–fluids. Dolerite dykes display OIB–type features such as positive Nb and Ta anomalies and low ThNpm/NbNpm. In our interpretation, the Chicxulub adakitic granitoids of this study are formed by crustal anatexis due to asthenospheric upwelling resulting from slab breakoff. Through comparing sources and processes of Late Paleozoic magmatism along the Peri–Gondwanan realm, a tearing slab breakoff model may explain the discontinuous magmatism that appears to have occurred during the convergence of Laurentia and Gondwana.
Published: 2020

31. Mineralogy and geochemistry of sedimentary rocks and eolian sediments in Gale crater, Mars: A review after six Earth years of exploration with Curiosity

Author: J. M. Morookian, B. Lafuente, John P. Grotzinger, N. Castle, G. W. Downs, Horton E. Newsom, T. S. Peretyazhko, Vivian Z. Sun, R. Walroth, Ashwin R. Vasavada, Christopher M. Fedo, David J. Des Marais, R. M. Hazen, Kirsten L. Siebach, P. R. Mahaffy, A. H. Treiman, John Bridges, Juergen Schieber, R. Gellert, Roger C. Wiens, C. N. Achilles, C. Freissinet, D. F. Blake, Steve J. Chipera, Robert T. Downs, Joy A. Crisp, Jeffrey R. Johnson, Elizabeth B. Rampe, Philippe Sarrazin, Shaunna M. Morrison, Linda C. Kah, D. T. Vaniman, Lauren A. Edgar, P. I. Craig, V. Tu, D. W. Ming, Albert S. Yen, T. F. Bristow, R. V. Morris, Michael T. Thorpe, Danika Wellington, NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC), NASA, NASA Ames Research Center (ARC), Planetary Science Institute [Tucson] (PSI), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Geophysical Laboratory [Carnegie Institution], Carnegie Institution for Science [Washington], Jacobs Technology ESCG, Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH)-NASA, University of Arizona, California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Lunar and Planetary Institute [Houston] (LPI), SETI Institute, Space Research Centre [Leicester], University of Leicester, Astrogeology Science Center [Flagstaff], United States Geological Survey [Reston] (USGS), The University of Tennessee [Knoxville], PLANETO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Department of Physics [Guelph], University of Guelph, The University of New Mexico [Albuquerque], Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory [Laurel, MD] (APL), Rice University [Houston], Department of Geological Sciences [Bloomington], Indiana University [Bloomington], Indiana University System-Indiana University System, ASU School of Earth and Space Exploration (SESE), Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), and Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL)
Subjects: Basalt, Olivine, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Geochemistry, Mineralogy, Mars, Mars Science Laboratory, Mars Exploration Program, engineering.material, 01 natural sciences, Diagenesis, CheMin, Sedimentary depositional environment, Igneous rock, Geophysics, 13. Climate action, Geochemistry and Petrology, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], 0103 physical sciences, engineering, Sedimentary rock, Sedimentology, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; The Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity rover arrived at Mars in August 2012 with a primary goal of characterizing the habitability of ancient and modern environments. Curiosity was sent to Gale crater to study a sequence of ∼3.5 Ga old sedimentary rocks that, based on orbital visible and near- to short-wave infrared reflectance spectra, contain secondary minerals that suggest deposition and/or alteration in liquid water. The sedimentary sequence in the lower slopes of Mount Sharp in Gale crater preserves a dramatic shift on early Mars from a relatively warm and wet climate to a cold and dry climate, based on a transition from smectite-bearing strata to sulfate-bearing strata. The rover is equipped with instruments to examine the sedimentology and identify compositional changes in the stratigraphy. The Chemistry and Mineralogy (CheMin) instrument is one of two internal laboratories on Curiosity and includes a transmission X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometer. CheMin measures loose sediment samples scooped from the surface and drilled rock powders, and the XRD provides quantitative mineralogy to a detection limit of ∼1 wt.% for crystalline phases. Curiosity has traversed >20 km since landing and has primarily been exploring an ancient lake environment fed by streams and groundwater. Of the 19 drilled rock samples analyzed by CheMin as of sol 2300 (January 2019), 15 are from fluvio-lacustrine deposits that comprise the Bradbury and Murray formations. Most of these samples were drilled from units that did not have a clear mineralogical signature from orbit. Results from CheMin demonstrate an astounding diversity in the mineralogy of these rocks that signifies geochemical variations in source rocks, transportation mechanisms, and depositional and diagenetic fluids. Most detrital igneous minerals are basaltic, but the discovery in a few samples of abundant silicate minerals that usually crystallize from evolved magmas on Earth remains enigmatic. Trioctahedral smectite and magnetite at the base of the section may have formed from low-salinity pore waters with a circumneutral pH in lake sediments. A transition to dioctahedral smectite, hematite, and Ca-sulfate going up section suggests a change to more saline and oxidative aqueous conditions in the lake waters themselves and/or in diagenetic fluids. Perhaps one of the biggest mysteries revealed by CheMin is the high abundance of X-ray amorphous materials (15–73 wt.%) in all samples drilled or scooped to date. CheMin has analyzed three modern eolian sands, which have helped constrain sediment transport and mineral segregation across the active Bagnold Dune Field. Ancient eolian sandstones drilled from the Stimson formation differ from modern eolian sands in that they contain abundant magnetite but no olivine, suggesting that diagenetic processes led to the alteration of olivine to release Fe(II) and precipitate magnetite. Fracture-associated halos in the Stimson and the Murray formations are evidence for complex aqueous processes long after the streams and lakes vanished from Gale crater. The sedimentology and composition of the rocks analyzed by Curiosity demonstrate that habitable environments persisted intermittently on the surface or in the subsurface of Gale crater for perhaps more than a billion years.
Published: 2020

32. Probing the hydrothermal system of the Chicxulub impact crater

Author: Catalina Gebhardt, Kosei E. Yamaguchi, Jérôme Gattacceca, Christopher M. Lowery, Martin Schmieder, Michael H. Poelchau, Johanna Lofi, Ludovic Ferrière, Axel Wittmann, S. Green, M. Rebolledo-Vieyra, Auriol S. P. Rae, Jaime Urrutia-Fucugauchi, Honami Sato, Ligia Pérez-Cruz, Annemarie E. Pickersgill, Fred J. Longstaffe, David A. Kring, Jan Smit, Rubén Ocampo-Torres, Joanna Morgan, Gail L. Christeson, Christina M. Verhagen, Sean P. S. Gulick, Timothy J. Bralower, Charles S. Cockell, Elise Chenot, Kazuhisa Goto, Ulrich Riller, Long Xiao, Sonia M. Tikoo, Michael T. Whalen, Naotaka Tomioka, Heather L. Jones, S. L. Simpson, Gordon R. Osinski, Marco J. L. Coolen, Cornelia Rasmussen, Philippe Claeys, Analytical, Environmental & Geo-Chemistry, Earth System Sciences, Chemistry, Lunar and Planetary Institute [Houston] (LPI), Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences [Piscataway], Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey [New Brunswick] (RU), Rutgers University System (Rutgers)-Rutgers University System (Rutgers), Fraunhofer Institute of Optronics, System Technologies and Image Exploitation (Fraunhofer IOSB), Fraunhofer (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft), Universität Hamburg (UHH), Unidad de Ciencias del Agua, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Centre for Planetary Science and Exploration [London, ON] (CPSX), University of Western Ontario (UWO), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy [Edinburgh], University of Edinburgh, DGS, Jackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas at Austin [Austin], Imperial College London, Department of Geosciences, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, GeoRessources, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre de recherches sur la géologie des matières premières minérales et énergétiques (CREGU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Institute of Geophysics [Austin] (IG), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Natural History Museum [Vienna] (NHM), Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University [Sendai], British Geological Survey [Edinburgh], British Geological Survey (BGS), Géosciences Montpellier, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de chimie et procédés pour l'énergie, l'environnement et la santé (ICPEES), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace (FMNGE), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Instituto de Geofísica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), School of Geographical and Earth Sciences, University of Glasgow, University of Freiburg [Freiburg], Department of Earth Science and Engineering [Imperial College London], Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Utah, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences [Amsterdam] (FALW), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU), Kochi Institute for Core Sample Research, Department of Chemistry, Toho University, Penn State Department of Geosciences, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre de recherches sur la géologie des matières premières minérales et énergétiques (CREGU)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et Nanosciences Grand-Est (MNGE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México = National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Geology and Geochemistry, and gattacceca, jerome
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES, BOREHOLE YAXCOPOIL-1, Geochemistry, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, HIGH-PRESSURE POLYMORPH, 01 natural sciences, Hydrothermal circulation, [SDU.STU.PL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology, Impact crater, Caldera, SDG 14 - Life Below Water, Seabed, Research Articles, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Multidisciplinary, Science & Technology, RUTILE, hydrothermal system, Scientific drilling, DRILL CORE, SciAdv r-articles, MELT ROCK, Crust, Geology, YUCATAN, International Ocean Discovery Program, impact crater, Cretaceous, EAST PACIFIC RISE, Multidisciplinary Sciences, Chicxulub, 13. Climate action, Science & Technology - Other Topics, CRUST, [SDU.STU.PL] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology, Planetary Science, SEDIMENTS, Research Article
Abstract: The Chicxulub impact event generated a long-duration hydrothermal system suitable for microbial life., The ~180-km-diameter Chicxulub peak-ring crater and ~240-km multiring basin, produced by the impact that terminated the Cretaceous, is the largest remaining intact impact basin on Earth. International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) and International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP) Expedition 364 drilled to a depth of 1335 m below the sea floor into the peak ring, providing a unique opportunity to study the thermal and chemical modification of Earth’s crust caused by the impact. The recovered core shows the crater hosted a spatially extensive hydrothermal system that chemically and mineralogically modified ~1.4 × 105 km3 of Earth’s crust, a volume more than nine times that of the Yellowstone Caldera system. Initially, high temperatures of 300° to 400°C and an independent geomagnetic polarity clock indicate the hydrothermal system was long lived, in excess of 106 years.
Published: 2020

33. The nitrogen cycles on Pluto over seasonal and astronomical timescales

Author: Orkan M. Umurhan, Tanguy Bertrand, Paul M. Schenk, Harold A. Weaver, Catherine B. Olkin, Oliver L. White, Bernard Schmitt, Leslie A. Young, Silvia Protopapa, Kimberly Ennico, François Forget, Alan Stern, William M. Grundy, Kelsi N. Singer, Amanda M. Zangari, Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), NASA Ames Research Center (ARC), Lowell Observatory [Flagstaff], Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Southwest Research Institute [Boulder] (SwRI), Lunar and Planetary Institute [Houston] (LPI), and Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory [Laurel, MD] (APL)
Subjects: Sputnik Planitia, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Nitrogen, [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], Structural basin, 01 natural sciences, Latitude, Longitude of the periapsis, Paleo Modeling, Paleontology, ices, 0103 physical sciences, Glacial period, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Pluto, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Astronomy and Astrophysics, Glacier, GCM, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Sublimation (phase transition), Ice sheet, Geology
Abstract: International audience; Pluto’s landscape is shaped by the endless condensation and sublimation cycles of the volatile ices covering its surface. In particular, the Sputnik Planitia ice sheet, which is thought to be the main reservoir of nitrogen ice, displays a large diversity of terrains, with bright and dark plains, small pits and troughs, topographic depressions and evidences of recent and past glacial flows. Outside Sputnik Planitia, New Horizons also revealed numerous nitrogen ice deposits, in the eastern side of Tombaugh Regio and at mid-northern latitudes.These observations suggest a complex history involving volatile and glacial processes occurring on different timescales. We present numerical simulations of volatile transport on Pluto performed with a model designed to simulate the nitrogen cycle over millions of years, taking into account the changes of obliquity, solar longitude of perihelion and eccentricity as experienced by Pluto. Using this model, we first explore how the volatile and glacial activity of nitrogen within Sputnik Planitia has been impacted by the diurnal, seasonal and astronomical cycles of Pluto. Results show that the obliquity dominates the N 2 cycle and that over one obliquity cycle, the latitudes of Sputnik Planitia between 25 °S-30 °N are dom- inated by N 2 condensation, while the northern regions between 30 °N and -50 °N are dominated by N 2 sublimation. We find that a net amount of 1 km of ice has sublimed at the northern edge of Sputnik Planitia during the last 2 millions of years. It must have been compensated by a viscous flow of the thick ice sheet. By comparing these results with the observed geology of Sputnik Planitia, we can relate the formation of the small pits and the brightness of the ice at the center of Sputnik Planitia to the subli- mation and condensation of ice occurring at the annual timescale, while the glacial flows at its eastern edge and the erosion of the water ice mountains all around the ice sheet are instead related to the as- tronomical timescale. We also perform simulations including a glacial flow scheme which shows that the Sputnik Planitia ice sheet is currently at its minimum extent at the northern and southern edges. We also explore the stability of N 2 ice deposits outside the latitudes and longitudes of the Sputnik Planitia basin. Results show that N 2 ice is not stable at the poles but rather in the equatorial regions, in particu- lar in depressions, where thick deposits may persist over tens of millions of years, before being trapped in Sputnik Planitia. Finally, another key result is that the minimum and maximum surface pressures ob- tained over the simulated millions of years remain in the range of milli-Pascals and Pascals, respectively. This suggests that Pluto never encountered conditions allowing liquid nitrogen to flow directly on its sur- face. Instead, we suggest that the numerous geomorphological evidences of past liquid flow observed on Pluto’s surface are the result of liquid nitrogen that flowed at the base of thick ancient nitrogen glaciers, which have since disappeared.
Published: 2018

34. Geological mapping of Sputnik Planitia on Pluto

Author: Paul M. Schenk, Orkan M. Umurhan, Harold A. Weaver, Tanguy Bertrand, Richard P. Binzel, Jeffrey M. Moore, Tod R. Lauer, Silvia Protopapa, William B. McKinnon, Alan D. Howard, Alissa M. Earle, Kelsi N. Singer, Ross A. Beyer, Oliver L. White, John R. Spencer, Kimberly Ennico, Andrew F. Cheng, Catherine B. Olkin, Stuart J. Robbins, Leslie A. Young, S. Alan Stern, Francis Nimmo, William M. Grundy, Bernard Schmitt, NASA Ames Research Center (ARC), Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences [St Louis], Washington University in Saint Louis (WUSTL), Department of Space Studies [Boulder], Southwest Research Institute [Boulder] (SwRI), Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA, Lunar and Planetary Institute [Houston] (LPI), Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence Institute (SETI), Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences [Santa Cruz], University of California [Santa Cruz] (UC Santa Cruz), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), JHU APL, Southwest Research Institute [San Antonio] (SwRI), JHU/APL, Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Department of Earth Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, MIT, Lowell Observatory [Flagstaff], National Optical Astronomy Observatory (NOAO), Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, MD, USA, Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), and Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])
Subjects: Pluto, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Ices, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Geologic map, 01 natural sciences, Mantle (geology), Astrobiology, Paleontology, Impact crater, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Space and Planetary Science, 0103 physical sciences, surface, Geological processes, Glacial period, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; The geology and stratigraphy of the feature on Pluto informally named Sputnik Planitia is documented through geologic mapping at 1:2,000,000 scale. All units that have been mapped are presently being affected to some degree by the action of flowing N2 ice. The N2 ice plains of Sputnik Planitia display no impact craters, and are undergoing constant resurfacing via convection, glacial flow and sublimation. Condensation of atmospheric N2 onto the surface to form a bright mantle has occurred across broad swathes of Sputnik Planitia, and appears to be partly controlled by Pluto's obliquity cycles. The action of N2 ice has been instrumental in affecting uplands terrain surrounding Sputnik Planitia, and has played a key role in the disruption of Sputnik Planitia's western margin to form chains of blocky mountain ranges, as well in the extensive erosion by glacial flow of the uplands to the east of Sputnik Planitia.
Published: 2017

35. The meteorite flux of the last 2 Myr recorded in the Atacama desert

Author: Drouard, Alexis, Gattacceca, Jérôme, Hutzler, Aurore, Rochette, Pierre, Braucher, Régis, Bourlès, Didier Louis D., Gounelle, Matthieu, Morbidelli, Alessandro, Debaille, Vinciane, Van Ginneken, Matthias, Valenzuela, Millarca, Quesnel, Yoann, Martinez, Rodrigo, Aumaître, Georges, Keddadouche, Karim, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Lunar and Planetary Institute [Houston] (LPI), Sorbonne Universités (COMUE), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Geological Survey of Belgium, SERNAGEOMIN, Partenaires INRAE, Millennium Institute of Astrophysics, Museo del Meteorito, Programme National de Planetologie (PNP, Institut National des Sciences de l'Univers/Centre National des Etudes Spatiales [INSU/CNES]), Agence Nationale de la Recherche (project FRIPON) [ANR13-BS05-0009], program 'program 'Investissements d'Avenir' [ANR-10-EQPX-20], Chilean scientific agency Comision Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica (CONICYT, FONDECYT) [3140562, 11171090], European Research Council (ERC) Starting Grant (StG), Fund for Scientific Research (FRS-FNRS), BelgiumFonds de la Recherche Scientifique - FNRS, Département d'Astrophysique, de physique des Particules, de physique Nucléaire et de l'Instrumentation Associée (DAPNIA), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Agriculture and Agri-Food [Ottawa] (AAFC), Laboratoire d'Etude de la Matière Extraterrestre (LEME), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Joseph Louis LAGRANGE (LAGRANGE), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Libre de Bruxelles [Bruxelles] (ULB), Imperial College London, Universita Catolica de Chile, Earth System Sciences, Analytical, Environmental & Geo-Chemistry, and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: ordinary chondritic metrorites, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, collection area, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Flux, FOS: Physical sciences, asterobelt, earth, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Astrobiology, Chondrite, evolution, [SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, Cosmogenic nuclide, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Géologie, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), [SDU.STU.TE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Tectonics, ages, Meteoroid, myr, Geology, Meteorite, 13. Climate action, Asteroid belt, Quaternary, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract: The evolution of the meteorite flux to Earth can be studied by determining the terrestrial ages of meteorites collected in hot deserts. We measured the terrestrial ages of 54 stony meteorites from the El Médano area, in the Atacama Desert, Chile, using the cosmogenic nuclide 36Cl. With an average age of 710 ka, this collection is the oldest collection of nonfossil meteorites at Earth's surface. This allows both determination of the average meteorite flux intensity over the past 2 m.y. (222 meteorites larger than 10 g per km2 per m.y.) and discussion of its possible compositional variability over the Quaternary Period. A change in the flux composition, with more abundant H chondrites, occurred between 1 and 0.5 Ma, possibly due to the direct delivery to Earth of a meteoroid swarm from the asteroid belt., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Published: 2019

36. The Rochechouart 2017-Cores Rescaled: Major Features

Author: Lambert, P., Alwmark, C., Baratoux, D., Bouley, S., Brack, A., Bruneton, P., Buchner, E., Dence, M. R., Courtin Nomade, A., Duhamel Achin, I., Floch, J. P., French, B. M., Fudge, C., Gattacceca, J., Gibson, R. L., Goderis, S., Grieve, R. A. F., Hauser, N., Hodges, K. V., Hörz, F., Humayun, M., Jourdan, F., Kelley, S. P., Kenkmann, T., Kring, D. A., Langenhorst, F., Lebreton, J. P., Lee, M. R., Lindgren, P., Lofi, J., Lorand, J. P., Luais, B., Masaitis, V., Meunier, A., Moore, C. B., Ormö, J., Osinski, G. R., Petit, S., Pezard, P. R., Pölchau, M., Pohl, J., Quesnel, Y., Jamboz, C., Reeves, H., Reimold, U. W., Rochette, P., Sapers, H. M., Schmieder, M., Schultz, P. H., Susanne Petra Schwenzer, Sharp, T., Schoemaker, C. S., Simpson, S. L., Stöffler, D., Sturkell, E., Trumel, H., Walton, E., Westall, F., Wittmann, A., Wünnemann, K., Ecosystèmes aquatiques et changements globaux (UR EABX), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Centre International de Recherches et de Restitution sur les Impacts et sur Rochechouart (CIRIR), Department of Geology [Lund], Lund University [Lund], Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géosciences Paris Sud (GEOPS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de biophysique moléculaire (CBM), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département Géosciences (AREVA-BU Mines), Groupe AREVA, Analytical, Environmental and Geo- Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Geological Survey of Canada [Ottawa] (GSC Central & Northern Canada), Geological Survey of Canada - Office (GSC), Natural Resources Canada (NRCan)-Natural Resources Canada (NRCan), Université de Limoges (UNILIM), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Smithsonian Institution, Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of the Witwatersrand [Johannesburg] (WITS), University of Western Ontario (UWO), University of Brasilia [Brazil] (UnB), NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC), NASA, Florida State University [Tallahassee] (FSU), School of Earth and Planetary Sciences [Perth], Curtin University [Perth], Planning and Transport Research Centre (PATREC)-Planning and Transport Research Centre (PATREC), The Open University [Milton Keynes] (OU), Department of Geosciences - Earth Sciences [Fribourg], University of Fribourg, Lunar and Planetary Institute [Houston] (LPI), Friedrich-Schiller-Universität = Friedrich Schiller University Jena [Jena, Germany], Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), School of Geographical and Earth Sciences [Univ Glasgow], University of Glasgow, Géosciences Montpellier, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique [UMR 6112] (LPG), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Recherches Pétrographiques et Géochimiques (CRPG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), A. P. Karpinsky Russian Geological Research Institute (VSEGEI), Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers (IC2MP), Université de Poitiers-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Center for Meteorite Studies [Tempe], Centro de Astrobiologia [Madrid] (CAB), Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Métallogénie - UMR7327, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Laboratoire Pierre Süe (LPS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences [Pasadena], California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Brown University, Arizona Geological Survey, CSIRO Land and Water, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), Museum für Naturkunde [Berlin], Department of Earth Sciences [Gothenburg], University of Gothenburg (GU), CEA Le Ripault (CEA Le Ripault), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), University of Alberta, LUAIS, Béatrice, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Vrije Universiteit [Brussels] (VUB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), School of Geosciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, Friedrich Schiller University Jena [Jena, Germany], Laboratoire de physique et chimie de l'environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), UMR 7328 CNRS/Université d'Orléans, Université d'Orléans (UO), School of Geographical and Earth Sciences [Glasgow], Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique UMR6112 (LPG), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Nantes - Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques, Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université d'Angers (UA), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), CEA-CNRS UMR 9956, CEA Saclay, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), CIRIR, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Fribourg = University of Fribourg (UNIFR)
Subjects: [SDU] Sciences of the Universe [physics], [SDU.STU.PL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], [SDU.STU] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, [SDU.STU.PL] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2019

37. Seasonal variations in atmospheric composition as measured in Gale Crater, Mars

Author: H. L. K. Manning, Paul R. Mahaffy, Rafael Navarro-González, Franck Lefèvre, Heather B. Franz, Chris Webster, Pamela G. Conrad, Álvaro Vicente-Retortillo, Melissa G. Trainer, Sushil K. Atreya, Timothy H. McConnochie, Christopher P. McKay, Michael H. Wong, Javier Martin-Torres, German Martinez, Charles Malespin, María Paz Zorzano, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Department of Climate and Space Sciences and Engineering (CLaSP), University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System-University of Michigan System, Department of Astronomy [College Park], University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System, Carnegie Institution for Science [Washington], PLANETO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Misericordia University, Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Engineering [Luleå], Luleå University of Technology (LUT), Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra (IACT), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Universidad de Granada (UGR), Lunar and Planetary Institute [Houston] (LPI), NASA Ames Research Center (ARC), Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares [Mexico], Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH)-NASA, Centro de Astrobiologia [Madrid] (CAB), Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Unidad de Excelencia Científica María de Maeztu Centro de Astrobiología del Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial y CSIC, MDM-2017-0737, Zorzano, M. P. [0000-0002-4492-9650], Navarro González, R. [0000-0002-6078-7621], Martín Torres, J. [0000-0001-6479-2236], and Vicente Retortillo, A. [0000-0002-4553-7624]
Subjects: Engineering, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Sample analysis at Mars, Library science, 01 natural sciences, Atmospheric composition, Mars atmosphere, Geochemistry and Petrology, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Atmospheric Composition, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], Mars seasonal cycle, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], business.industry, Gale crater, Mars Exploration Program, Atmosphere of Mars, Curiosity rover, Planetary Data System, CRISM, Geophysics, Mars science laboratory, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Sample Analysis at Mars, business
Abstract: The Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM) instrument onboard the Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity rover measures the chemical composition of major atmospheric species (CO2, N2, 40Ar, O2, and CO) through a dedicated atmospheric inlet. We report here measurements of volume mixing ratios in Gale Crater using the SAM quadrupole mass spectrometer, obtained over a period of nearly 5 years (3 Mars years) from landing. The observation period spans the northern summer of MY 31 and solar longitude (LS) of 175° through spring of MY 34, LS = 12°. This work expands upon prior reports of the mixing ratios measured by SAM QMS in the first 105 sols of the mission. The SAM QMS atmospheric measurements were taken periodically, with a cumulative coverage of four or five experiments per season on Mars. Major observations include the seasonal cycle of CO2, N2, and Ar, which lags approximately 20¿40° of LS behind the pressure cycle driven by CO2 condensation and sublimation from the winter poles. This seasonal cycle indicates that transport occurs on faster timescales than mixing. The mixing ratio of O2 shows significant seasonal and interannual variability, suggesting an unknown atmospheric or surface process at work. The O2 measurements are compared to several parameters, including dust optical depth and trace CH4 measurements by Curiosity. We derive annual mean volume mixing ratios for the atmosphere in Gale Crater: CO2 = 0.951 (±0.003), N2 = 0.0259 (±0.0006), 40Ar = 0.0194 (±0.0004), O2 = 1.61 (±0.09) x 10-3, and CO = 5.8 (±0.8) x 10-4. ©2019. The Authors., All MSL data used in this manuscript (REMS and SAM) are freely available on NASA's Planetary Data System (PDS) Geosciences Node, from within 6 months after receipt on Earth (http://pds‐geosciences.wustl.edu/missions/msl/). The mixing ratios developed and presented in this paper are available at a publicly available archive (dataverse.org: doi.org/10.7910/DVN/CVUOWW) as cited within the manuscript. The successful operation of the Curiosity rover and the SAM instrument on Mars is due to the hard work and dedication of hundreds of scientists, engineers, and managers over more than a decade. Essential contributions to the successful operation of SAM on Mars and the acquisition of SAM data were provided by the SAM development, operations, and test bed teams. The authors gratefully thank the SAM and MSL teams that have contributed in numerous ways to obtain the data that enabled this scientific work. We also thank NASA for the support of the development of SAM, SAM data analysis, and the continued support of the Mars Science Laboratory mission. The contribution of F. Lefèvre was supported by the Programme National de Planétologie (PNP). R. Navarro‐Gonzalez acknowledges support from the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (PAPIIT IN111619). LPI is operated by USRA under a cooperative agreement with the Science Mission Directorate of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. We thank members of the SAM and larger MSL team for insightful discussions and support. In particular, we thank R. Becker and R. O. Pepin for careful review of data analysis and interpretation. We thank M. D. Smith for discussion of CRISM CO measurements. We thank A. Brunner, M. Johnson, and M. Lefavor for their development of customized data analysis tools used here and in other SAM publications.
Published: 2019

38. GRAIL, LLR, and LOLA constraints on the interior structure of the Moon

Author: Ngai H. Chan, Walter S. Kiefer, James T. Keane, Isamu Matsuyama, James G. Williams, Mark A. Wieczorek, Francis Nimmo, G. Jeffrey Taylor, University of Arizona, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences [Santa Cruz], University of California [Santa Cruz] (UCSC), University of California-University of California, Hawaii Institute of Geophysics and Planetology (HIGP), University of Hawai‘i [Mānoa] (UHM), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Lunar and Planetary Institute [Houston] (LPI), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-IPG PARIS-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), and Siemens Healthcare
Subjects: Physics, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Geometry, Moment of inertia, Inverse problem, 01 natural sciences, Mantle (geology), Outer core, Physics::Geophysics, [SDU.STU.PL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology, Geophysics, Classical mechanics, Rigidity (electromagnetism), 13. Climate action, Transition layer, 0103 physical sciences, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Circular symmetry, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Mass fraction, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; The interior structure of the Moon is constrained by its mass, moment of inertia, and k 2 and h 2 tidal Love numbers. We infer the likely radius, density, and (elastic limit) rigidity of all interior layers by solving the inverse problem using these observational constraints assuming spherical symmetry. Our results do not favor the presence of a low rigidity transition layer between a liquid outer core and mantle. If a transition layer exists, its rigidity is constrained to 43 +26 −9 GPa, with a preference for the high rigidity values. Therefore, if a transition layer exists, it is more likely to have a rigidity similar to that of the mantle (∼70 GPa). The total (solid and liquid) core mass fraction relative to the lunar mass is constrained to 0.0098 +0.0066 −0.0094 and 0.0198 +0.0026 −0.0049 for interior structures with and without a transition layer, respectively, narrowing the range of possible giant impact formation scenarios.
Published: 2016

39. An asteroidal origin for water in the Moon

Author: David A. Kring, Sara S. Russell, Jessica Barnes, Ian A. Franchi, Mahesh Anand, Romain Tartèse, The Open University [Milton Keynes] (OU), Lunar and Planetary Institute [Houston] (LPI), Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie (IMPMC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), The Natural History Museum [London] (NHM), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: asteroids, Solar System, Chemistry(all), Origin of water on Earth, Science, water, General Physics and Astronomy, Flux, Physics and Astronomy(all), 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Article, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, moon, Physics::Geophysics, Astrobiology, 0103 physical sciences, comets, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Water delivery, Multidisciplinary, Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology(all), General Chemistry, 13. Climate action, Asteroid, Physics::Space Physics, Anhydrous, Environmental science, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract: The Apollo-derived tenet of an anhydrous Moon has been contested following measurement of water in several lunar samples that require water to be present in the lunar interior. However, significant uncertainties exist regarding the flux, sources and timing of water delivery to the Moon. Here we address those fundamental issues by constraining the mass of water accreted to the Moon and modelling the relative proportions of asteroidal and cometary sources for water that are consistent with measured isotopic compositions of lunar samples. We determine that a combination of carbonaceous chondrite-type materials were responsible for the majority of water (and nitrogen) delivered to the Earth–Moon system. Crucially, we conclude that comets containing water enriched in deuterium contributed significantly, Recent samples have shown that the Moon's interior, previously thought to be anhydrous, contains water, yet how this water was delivered is unclear. Here, using isotopic analyses and modelling, Barnes et al. show that carbonaceous chondrite-type objects delivered >80% of the Moon's bulk water.
Published: 2016

40. The Effect of Ocean Loading on the Growth of Basaltic Ocean Island Volcanoes and Their Magmatic Plumbing System

Author: Nicolas Le Corvec, Patrick J. McGovern, Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans (LMV), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM), Lunar and Planetary Institute [Houston] (LPI), ANR-10-LABX-0006,CLERVOLC,Clermont-Ferrand centre for research on volcanism(2010), ANR-16-IDEX-0001,CAP 20-25,CAP 20-25(2016), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, volcano deformation, flexure, finite element models, magmatic system, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Lithosphere, [SDU.STU.VO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Volcanology, Compression (geology), lcsh:Science, Petrology, Seabed, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Subsidence, Shield volcano, numerical modeling, Volcano, 13. Climate action, Magma, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, lcsh:Q, Differential stress, Geology, basaltic ocean island volcano
Abstract: Basaltic shield volcanoes most commonly form as intraplate volcanic ocean islands that arise fromthe ocean floor and continue to grow above the sea water level to formgigantic volcanic edifices. The volcanic edifice evolution and the internal stress distribution may be influenced by the water load of the surrounding ocean. We therefore investigate how the presence of an ocean affects the internal stress of a volcanic edifice and thus magma propagation by means of axisymmetric elastic models of a volcanic edifice overlying an elastic lithosphere. We designed a volcanic edifice featuring a height of ∼6,000m and a radius of ∼ 60 km which was build up either instantaneously or incrementally, i.e., by emplacing new layers of equal volumes on top of each other. The latter was done in a way that the resulting stress and edifice geometry from one step served as the initial condition of the subsequent step. Thus, each new deposit was emplaced on an already deformed and stressed model layer. The ocean load was simulated using a boundary condition at the surface of the model. For the instantaneous volcano growth scenario, different water levels were investigated, while for the incrementally growing volcano the water level was fixed to 4,000m. We employed both half-space and flexural models and compared the deformation of the volcanic edifice, as well as its internal stress orientation and magnitude with and without applying an ocean load. Our results show major differences in the resulting state of stress between an instantaneous and an incrementally built volcanic edifice. Further, our results imply that stress orientations and types of potential magma intrusions within the volcano as well are influenced by the loading effect of an ocean. Ocean loading reduces the effective load magnitude of an edifice via a buoyancy effect, reducing edifice stress magnitudes and substrate subsidence. Ocean loading also adds vertical compression to edifices; in half-space models, this addition reinforces the existing principal stress orientations and increases the differential stress, whereas in flexuralmodels, ocean loading reduces the differential stress and favors re-orientation of principal stresses within the edifices. Our results therefore provide new insights into the state of stress and deformation within the edifices of basaltic ocean island volcanoes with significant implications for magma ascent and eruption and edifice construction.
Published: 2018

41. Drilling-induced and logging-related features illustrated from IODP–ICDP Expedition 364 downhole logs and borehole imaging tools

Author: Lofi, Johanna, Smith, David, Delahunty, Chris, Le Ber, Erwan, Brun, Laurent, Henry, Gilles, Paris, Jehanne, Tikoo, Sonia, Zylberman, William, Pezard, Philippe A., Célérier, Bernard, Schmitt, Douglas R., Nixon, Chris, Gulick, Sean P. S., Morgan, Joanna V, Chenot, Elise, Christeson, Gail, Claeys, Phillipe, Cockell, Charles S, Coolen, Marco J L, Ferrière, Ludovic, Gebhardt, Catalina, Goto, K., Green, S., Jones, Heather, Kring, David A, Lowery, C., Mellett, C., Ocampo-Torres, R., Perez-Cruz, Ligia, Pickersgill, Annemarie E, Poelchau, Michael, Rae, Auriol S. P., Rasmussen, C., Rebolledo-Vieyra, M., Riller, Ulrich, Sato, H., Smit, J., Tomioka, N., Urrutia-Fucugauchi, J., Whalen, Michael, Wittmann, Axel, Xiao, L., Yamaguchi, Kosei E, Bralower, Timothy J, Analytical, Environmental & Geo-Chemistry, Earth System Sciences, Chemistry, Géosciences Montpellier, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), British Geological Survey (BGS), DOSECC Exploration Services, Department of Geology [Leicester], University of Leicester, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences [Piscataway], Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey [New Brunswick] (RU), Rutgers University System (Rutgers)-Rutgers University System (Rutgers), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences [West Lafayette] (EAPS), Purdue University [West Lafayette], Institute of Geophysics [Austin] (IG), University of Texas at Austin [Austin], Department of Geological Sciences [Austin], Jackson School of Geosciences (JSG), University of Texas at Austin [Austin]-University of Texas at Austin [Austin], Department of Earth Science and Engineering [Imperial College London], Imperial College London, Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Analytical, Environmental and Geo- Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), UK Centre for Astrobiology, SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy [Edinburgh], University of Edinburgh-University of Edinburgh, WA-Organic and Isotope Geochemistry Centre (WA-OIGC), The Institute for Geoscience Research [Perth] (TIGeR), School of Earth and Planetary Science [Perth - Curtin university], Curtin University [Perth], Planning and Transport Research Centre (PATREC)-Planning and Transport Research Centre (PATREC)-Curtin University [Perth], Planning and Transport Research Centre (PATREC)-Planning and Transport Research Centre (PATREC)-School of Earth and Planetary Science [Perth - Curtin university], Planning and Transport Research Centre (PATREC)-Planning and Transport Research Centre (PATREC), Natural History Museum [Vienna] (NHM), Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University [Sendai], British Geological Survey [Edinburgh], Department of Geosciences [PennState], College of Earth and Mineral Sciences, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System-Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, Lunar and Planetary Institute [Houston] (LPI), Institut de chimie et procédés pour l'énergie, l'environnement et la santé (ICPEES), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace (FMNGE), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Instituto de Geofisica [Mexico], Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), School of Geographical and Earth Sciences, University of Glasgow, University of Glasgow, Department of Geology, University of Freiburg [Freiburg], Institut für Geologie, Universität Hamburg (UHH), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences [Amsterdam] (FALW), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU), Kochi Institute for Core Sample Research, Department of Geosciences, University of Alaska [Fairbanks] (UAF), LeRoy Eyring Center for Solid State Science, China University of Geosciences [Beijing], Department of Chemistry, Toho University, Funded by IODP withco-funding from ICDP and implemented by ECORD, with contributionsand logistical support from the Yucatán state government and the National Autonomous University of Mexico., Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Vrije Universiteit [Brussels] (VUB), WA Organic and Isotope Geochemistry Centre (WA OIGC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et Nanosciences Grand-Est (MNGE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México = National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), and Geology and Geochemistry
Subjects: Geochemistry & Geophysics, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Drill, Mechanical Engineering, 04 Earth Sciences, lcsh:QE1-996.5, Borehole, Drilling, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Coring, Seafloor spreading, lcsh:Geology, Impact crater, Sedimentary rock, SDG 14 - Life Below Water, Petrology, Casing, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: 13 pages; International audience; Expedition 364 was a joint IODP and ICDP mission-specific platform (MSP) expedition to explore the Chicxulub impact crater buried below the surface of the Yucatán continental shelf seafloor. In April and May 2016, this expedition drilled a single borehole at Site M0077 into the crater's peak ring. Excellent quality cores were recovered from ∼505 to ∼1335 m below seafloor (m b.s.f.), and high-resolution open hole logs were acquired between the surface and total drill depth. Downhole logs are used to image the borehole wall, measure the physical properties of rocks that surround the borehole, and assess borehole quality during drilling and coring operations. When making geological interpretations of downhole logs, it is essential to be able to distinguish between features that are geological and those that are operation-related. During Expedition 364 some drilling-induced and logging-related features were observed and include the following: effects caused by the presence of casing and metal debris in the hole, logging-tool eccentering, drilling-induced corkscrew shape of the hole, possible re-magnetization of low-coercivity grains within sedimentary rocks, markings on the borehole wall, and drilling-induced changes in the borehole diameter and trajectory.
Published: 2018

42. Chicxulub and the exploration of large peak-ring impact craters through scientific drilling

Author: Kring, David, Claeys, Philippe, Gulick, Sean P.S., Morgan, Joanna, OCAMPO-TORRES, Ruben, Smith, David, Delahunty, Chris, Le Ber, Erwan, Brun, Laurent, Henry, Gilles, Paris, Jehanne, Tikoo, Sonia, Zylberman, William, Pezard, Philippe, CELERIER, Bernard, Schmitt, Douglas, Nixon, Chris, Riller, Ulrich, Poelchau, Michael, Rae, Auriol, Schulte, Felix, Melosh, H. Jay, Grieve, Richard, Gulick, Sean, LOFI, Johanna, Diaw, Abdoulaye, McCall, Naoma, Collins, Gareth, Lunar and Planetary Institute [Houston] (LPI), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Institute of Geophysics [Austin] (IG), University of Texas at Austin [Austin], Imperial College London, Institut de chimie et procédés pour l'énergie, l'environnement et la santé (ICPEES), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace (FMNGE), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Center for Metamaterials and Integrated Plasmonics, Duke University [Durham], DOSECC Exploration Services, Department of Geology [Leicester], University of Leicester, Centre de Recherche Universitaire Lorrain d'Histoire (CRULH), Université de Lorraine (UL), Géosciences Montpellier, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences [Piscataway], Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey [New Brunswick] (RU), Rutgers University System (Rutgers)-Rutgers University System (Rutgers), Centre for Planetary Science and Exploration [London, ON] (CPSX), University of Western Ontario (UWO), Transferts en milieux poreux, Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Alberta, Institut für Geologie, Universität Hamburg (UHH), Geology, University of Freiburg [Freiburg], Department of Earth Science and Technology [Imperial College London], Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences [West Lafayette] (EAPS), Purdue University [West Lafayette], DGS, Jackson School of Geosciences, Department of Earth Science and Engineering [Imperial College London], Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), Analytical, Environmental & Geo-Chemistry, Chemistry, Earth System Sciences, and Pediatric surgery
Subjects: Extinction event, Geochemistry & Geophysics, geology, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Scientific drilling, International Ocean Discovery Program, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, impact crater, 01 natural sciences, Paleontology, Large peak, Chicxulub, Impact crater, 13. Climate action, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, 14. Life underwater, mass extinction, Geology, Seismology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; The Chicxulub crater is the only well-preserved peak-ring crater on Earth and linked, famously, to the K-T or K-Pg mass extinction event. For the first time, geologists have drilled into the peak ring of that crater in the International Ocean Discovery Program and International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (IODP-ICDP) Expedition 364. The Chicxulub impact event, the environmental calamity it produced, and the paleobiological consequences are among the most captivating topics being discussed in the geologic community. Here we focus attention on the geological processes that shaped the ~200-km-wide impact crater responsible for that discussion and the expedition’s first year results.
Published: 2017

43. European Sample Return missions and the curation in Europe of material returned from Space

Author: Russell, S., Smith C., L., Hutzler, A., Meneghin, A., Brucato, J., Ferrière, L., Gounelle, M., Westall, F., Berthoud, L., Grady, M., The Euro-Cares, Team, Lunar and Planetary Institute [Houston] (LPI), INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri (OAA), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Natural History Museum [Vienna] (NHM), Centre de biophysique moléculaire (CBM), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), The Open University [Milton Keynes] (OU), and Frapart, Isabelle
Subjects: [SDU] Sciences of the Universe [physics], [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2017

44. Modeling Tsunami Propagation and the Emplacement of Thumbprint Terrain in an Early Mars Ocean: TSUNAMIS ON MARS

Author: Costard, François, Séjourné, Antoine, Kelfoun, Karim, Clifford, Stephen, Lavigne, Franck, Di Pietro, Ilaria, Bouley, Sylvain, Géosciences Paris Sud (GEOPS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans (LMV), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Lunar and Planetary Institute [Houston] (LPI), Laboratoire de géographie physique : Environnements Quaternaires et Actuels (LGP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1), International Research School of Planetary Sciences [Pescara] (IRSPS), and Università degli studi 'G. d'Annunzio' Chieti-Pescara [Chieti-Pescara] (Ud'A)
Subjects: [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Published: 2017

45. The WISDOM Radar: Unveiling the Subsurface Beneath the ExoMars Rover and Identifying the Best Locations for Drilling

Author: Valérie Ciarletti, Stephen Clifford, Dirk Plettemeier, Alice Le Gall, Yann Hervé, Sophie Dorizon, Cathy Quantin-Nataf, Wolf-Stefan Benedix, Susanne Schwenzer, Elena Pettinelli, Essam Heggy, Alain Herique, Jean-Jacques Berthelier, Wlodek Kofman, Jorge L. Vago, Svein-Erik Hamran, null the WISDOM Team, PLANETO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Lunar and Planetary Institute [Houston] (LPI), Technische Universität Dresden = Dresden University of Technology (TU Dresden), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement [Lyon] (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut für Nachrichtentechnik [Dresden] (IfN), Centre for Earth, Planetary, Space and Astronomical Research [Milton Keynes] (CEPSAR), The Open University [Milton Keynes] (OU), Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica [Roma], Università degli Studi Roma Tre, Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering [Los Angeles], USC Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California (USC)-University of Southern California (USC), Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Space Research Centre of Polish Academy of Sciences (CBK), Polska Akademia Nauk = Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), European Space Agency (ESA), Forsvarets Forskningsinstitutt (FFI), IMPEC - LATMOS, Technische Universität Dresden (TUD), Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica [Rome], Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Polska Akademia Nauk (PAN), Ciarletti, V., Clifford, S., Plettemeier, D., Le Gall, A., Herve, Y., Dorizon, S., Quantin-Nataf, C., Benedix, W. -S., Schwenzer, S., Pettinelli, E., Heggy, E., Herique, A., Berthelier, J. -J., Kofman, W., Vago, J. L., Hamran, S. -E., Ciarletti, Valérie, Clifford, Stephen, Plettemeier, Dirk, Le Gall, Alice, Hervé, Yann, Dorizon, Sophie, Quantin-Nataf, Cathy, Benedix, Wolf-Stefan, Schwenzer, Susanne, Pettinelli, Elena, Heggy, Essam, Herique, Alain, Berthelier, Jean-Jacque, Kofman, Wlodek, Vago, Jorge L., Hamran, Svein-Erik, Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli Studi Roma Tre = Roma Tre University (ROMA TRE), and Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Special Collection of Papers: ExoMars Rover MissionGuest Editor: Jorge L. Vago, Life on Mars, 01 natural sciences, Astrobiology, law.invention, Ground penetrating radar, law, 0103 physical sciences, Radar, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Drill, [SDU.ASTR.SR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Solar and Stellar Astrophysics [astro-ph.SR], Drilling, Martian shallow subsurface, Mars Exploration Program, Regolith, Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous), ExoMars, [SDU.ASTR.IM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Stratigraphy, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Ground-penetrating radar, Geology
Abstract: International audience; The search for evidence of past or present life on Mars is the principal objective of the 2020 ESA-Roscosmos ExoMars Rover mission. If such evidence is to be found anywhere, it will most likely be in the subsurface, where organic molecules are shielded from the destructive effects of ionizing radiation and atmospheric oxidants. For this reason, the ExoMars Rover mission has been optimized to investigate the subsurface to identify, understand, and sample those locations where conditions for the preservation of evidence of past life are most likely to be found. The Water Ice Subsurface Deposit Observation on Mars (WISDOM) ground-penetrating radar has been designed to provide information about the nature of the shallow subsurface over depth ranging from 3 to 10 m (with a vertical resolution of up to 3 cm), depending on the dielectric properties of the regolith. This depth range is critical to understanding the geologic evolution stratigraphy and distribution and state of subsurface H2O, which provide important clues in the search for life and the identification of optimal drilling sites for investigation and sampling by the Rover's 2-m drill. WISDOM will help ensure the safety and success of drilling operations by identification of potential hazards that might interfere with retrieval of subsurface samples. Key Words: Ground penetrating radar—Martian shallow subsurface—ExoMars. Astrobiology 17, 565–584.
Published: 2017

46. GRAIL gravity constraints on the vertical and lateral density structure of the lunar crust

Author: J. Besserer, Renee Weber, David E. Smith, Francis Nimmo, Jeffrey C. Andrews-Hanna, Maria T. Zuber, Walter S. Kiefer, Patrick J. McGovern, Mark A. Wieczorek, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences [Santa Cruz], University of California [Santa Cruz] (UCSC), University of California-University of California, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-IPG PARIS-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Lunar and Planetary Institute [Houston] (LPI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), NASA Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC), Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences [MIT, Cambridge] (EAPS), and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
Subjects: Gravity (chemistry), [SDU.STU.PL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology, Geophysics, Impact crater, 13. Climate action, Seismic velocity, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Crust, 14. Life underwater, Porosity, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Geology
Abstract: International audience; We analyzed data from the Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory (GRAIL) mission using a localized admittance approach to map out spatial variations in the vertical density structure of the lunar crust. Mare regions are characterized by a distinct decrease in density with depth, while the farside is characterized by an increase in density with depth at an average gradient of ∼35 kg m −3 km −1 and typical surface porosities of at least 20%. The Apollo 12 and 14 landing site region has a similar density structure to the farside, permitting a comparison with seismic velocity profiles. The interior of the South Pole-Aitken (SP-A) impact basin appears distinct with a near-surface low-density (porous) layer 2-3 times thinner than the rest of the farside. This result suggests that redistribution of material during the large SPA impact likely played a major role in sculpting the lunar crust.
Published: 2014

47. EURO-CARES WP5: Analogues and instrumentation

Author: Westall, F., Zipfel, J., Foucher, Frédéric, Bridges, J., Debaille, V., Folco, L., Michalski, J., Woznikiewicz, P., Martines-Frias, J., Joy, K., Lee, M., Brucato, J.R., Viso, M., Bost, N., Hutzler, A., Kminek, G., Schroeven-Deceuninck, H., Zolensky, M.E., Smith, C., Bacon, O., Van Ginneken, M., Ferrière, L., Centre de biophysique moléculaire (CBM), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Space Research Centre [Leicester], University of Leicester, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (IAS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri (OAA), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), Lunar and Planetary Institute [Houston] (LPI), and Natural History Museum [Vienna] (NHM)
Subjects: [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2016

48. Reflections on the definition of analogues and consequences for the EURO-CARES project

Author: Westall, F., Zipfel, J., Foucher, F., Bridges, J., Debaille, V., Folco, L., Michalski, J., Woznikiewicz, P., Martines-Frias, J., Joy, K., Lee, M., Brucato, J.R., Viso, M., Bost, N., Hutzler, A., Kminek, G., Schroeven-Deceuninck, H., Zolensky M., E., Smith, C., Bacon, O., van Ginneken, M., Ferrière, L., Centre de biophysique moléculaire (CBM), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Space Research Centre [Leicester], University of Leicester, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Universita degli studi di Pisa, Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (IAS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri (OAA), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), Lunar and Planetary Institute [Houston] (LPI), Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Wilfrid Laurier University (WLU), Natural History Museum [Vienna] (NHM), and Frapart, Isabelle
Subjects: [SDU] Sciences of the Universe [physics], Strahlenbiologie, Euro-Cares, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: Most astrobiological investigations have been, and will be focused on solid materials, including rocks, soil, and ices. However, natural materials can be very complex in composition and the potential traces of life and/or molecules of astrobiological interest they could contain may be very subtle and challenging to detect. Hence, the importance of prior preparation of the missions using analogues. Analogues are terrestrial sites or samples having properties more or less similar than those expected on a given extraterrestrial body. There is a huge variety of analogues on Earth that can be used for many purposes: to test space craft landing and rover mobility, to test and calibrate instruments and sample preparation systems for in situ missions before launch, to help interpretation of data acquired during missions, and to carry out laboratory experiments. Analogue samples include minerals and rocks, as well as chemical, biological and material samples.
Published: 2016

49. The potassic sedimentary rocks in Gale Crater, Mars, as seen by ChemCam on board Curiosity

Author: Le Deit, L, Mangold, N, Forni, O, Cousin, A, Lasue, J, Schroder, S, Wiens, RC, Sumner, D, Fabre, C, Stack, KM, Anderson, RB, Blaney, D, Clegg, S, Dromart, G, Fisk, M, Gasnault, O, Grotzinger, JP, Gupta, S, Lanza, N, Le Mouelic, S, Maurice, S, McLennan, SM, Meslin, P-Y, Nachon, M, Newsom, H, Payre, V, Rapin, W, Rice, M, Sautter, V, Treiman, AH, DLR Institute of Planetary Research, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique [UMR 6112] (LPG), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), University of California [Davis] (UC Davis), University of California, California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Oregon State University (OSU), Department of Physics and Materials Science & Centre for Functional Photonics (CFP), The University of Hong Kong (HKU), Stony Brook University [SUNY] (SBU), State University of New York (SUNY), Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Institute of Meteoritics [Albuquerque] (IOM), The University of New Mexico [Albuquerque], Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie (IMPMC), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Lunar and Planetary Institute [Houston] (LPI), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of California (UC), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH)-NASA, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), and Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)
Subjects: Geochemistry & Geophysics, SANDSTONE, Science & Technology, INSTRUMENT SUITE, ORIGIN, IN-SITU, ROVER, K-FELDSPAR, EVOLUTION, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Physical Sciences, OLIVINE, OUTCROP, SYSTEM, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: The Mars Science Laboratory rover Curiosity encountered potassium-rich clastic sedimentary rocks at two sites in Gale Crater, the waypoints Cooperstown and Kimberley. These rocks include several distinct meters thick sedimentary outcrops ranging from fine sandstone to conglomerate, interpreted to record an ancient fluvial or fluvio-deltaic depositional system. From ChemCam Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) chemical analyses, this suite of sedimentary rocks has an overall mean K2O abundance that is more than 5 times higher than that of the average Martian crust. The combined analysis of ChemCam data with stratigraphic and geographic locations reveals that the mean K2O abundance increases upward through the stratigraphic section. Chemical analyses across each unit can be represented as mixtures of several distinct chemical components, i.e., mineral phases, including K-bearing minerals, mafic silicates, Fe-oxides, and Fe-hydroxide/oxyhydroxides. Possible K-bearing minerals include alkali feldspar (including anorthoclase and sanidine) and K-bearing phyllosilicate such as illite. Mixtures of different source rocks, including a potassium-rich rock located on the rim and walls of Gale Crater, are the likely origin of observed chemical variations within each unit. Physical sorting may have also played a role in the enrichment in K in the Kimberley formation. The occurrence of these potassic sedimentary rocks provides additional evidence for the chemical diversity of the crust exposed at Gale Crater.
Published: 2016

50. Thicknesses of mare basalts on the Moon from gravity and topography

Author: Francis Nimmo, David E. Smith, Maria T. Zuber, Shengxia Gong, Walter S. Kiefer, James W. Head, Chengli Huang, Mark A. Wieczorek, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-IPG PARIS-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences [Santa Cruz], University of California [Santa Cruz] (UCSC), University of California-University of California, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Shanghai Astronomical Observatory [Shanghai] (SHAO), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Lunar and Planetary Institute [Houston] (LPI), Brown University, Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences [MIT, Cambridge] (EAPS), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Smith, David E., and Zuber, Maria
Subjects: Basalt, geography, Gravity (chemistry), geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Spherical harmonics, Crust, Geophysics, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, [SDU.STU.PL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology, Volcano, Space and Planetary Science, Geochemistry and Petrology, Multitaper, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Mafic, Petrology, Porosity, Geology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; A new method of determining the thickness of mare basalts on the Moon is introduced that is made possible by high-resolution gravity data acquired from NASA's Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory (GRAIL) mission. Using a localized multitaper spherical-harmonic analysis, an effective density spectrum is calculated that provides an estimate of the average crustal density as a function of spherical harmonic degree. By comparing the observed effective density spectrum with one generated from a theoretical model, the thickness of mare basalts can be constrained. We assume that the grain density of the basalts is known from remote sensing data and petrologic considerations, we assign a constant porosity to the basalts, and we let both the thickness of the basalts and the density of the underlying crust vary. Using this method, the total thickness of basalts was estimated on the nearside hemisphere, yielding an average of 0.74 km with 1 upper and lower bounds of 1.62 km and 100 m, respectively. The region of Marius Hills, which is a long-lived volcanic complex, is found to have the thickest basalts, with an average of 2.86 km and 1 limits of 3.65 and 1.02 km, respectively. The crust beneath the Mare Imbrium basalts is found to have an atypically high density of about 3000 kg m −3 that we interpret as representing a mafic, unfractured, impact melt sheet.
Published: 2016

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