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242,469 results on '"Luminescence"'

1. Lighting Design for Schools. Building Bulletin 90.

Author

Department for Education and Employment, London (England). Architects and Building Branch., Loe, David, Watson, Newton, Rowlands, Edward, Mansfield, Kevin, Venning, Bob, and Baker, John

Abstract

The aim of good lighting is to not only provide proper illumination for building users to perform their allotted tasks, but also to pleasantly enhance the indoor environment. This document guides architects and engineers through the process of lighting design in the context of the recommended constructional standards for schools and the various types of spaces and activities found in schools. It identifies the determining factors of good lighting design as architectural integration, task and activity lighting, visual amenity, cost, maintenance, and energy efficiency. Further, it describes the calculation methods and design tools that can be used at the early stages of a project and shows, using theory and examples, how to achieve a synthesis between daylight and electric light. Appendices present school premises regulations and Department for Education and Employment Constructional Standards for new school buildings, information on lighting and health, and details concerning various lamps, controlling gear, luminary performance ranges, lighting controls, disposal of used lamps, and examples of lighting design strategies. A glossary concludes the book. (Contains 35 references.) (GR)

Published
1999

2. Determinants of Lighting Quality II: Research and Recommendations.

Author

National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa (Ontario)., Veitch, Jennifer A., and Newsham, Guy R.

Abstract

The quality of indoor lighting can influence task performance, social interaction and communication, health and safety, visual comfort, student behavior, and aesthetic judgments. These by-products of lighting are examined in this literature review in an effort to define the conditions that are associated with good lighting quality. Lighting quality has been debated among lighting professionals for two decades but with little advancement due to a lack of reliable empirical evidence. Since economic considerations have driven much lighting research, most investigations have focused on lighting for offices. This literature review focuses on office lighting applications, although lighting in other settings, such as schools, is also considered. The review begins with research on the luminous environment, including its influence on social interaction and communication (i.e., findings reveal that higher luminance induced female students to communicate more). Other studies found that both male and female university students rated higher illuminance more favorably than low illuminance, yet such illuminance had no effect on self-reported stress, well-being, or fatigue. Other areas investigated include daylight, luminance distribution and illuminance uniformity across rooms, preference judgments, discomfort, and visual display terminals. Contains approximately 175 references. (RJM)

Published
1996

3. Students See the Light.

Author

Escalada, Lawrence T., Unruh, Roy, and Cooney, Timothy

Abstract

Suggests using activities from "Physics Resources and Instructional Strategies for Motivating Students" designed to promote student understanding of physics principles. The activities are part of a learning cycle in which student explorations of concrete phenomena precede the introduction or development of abstract concepts. (SAH)

Published
2001

5. California School Lighting Design and Evaluation. A Procedure for the Prediction, Specification, and Evaluation of Visual Comfort and Visual Performance in Classrooms.

Author

California State Dept. of Education, Sacramento.

Abstract

This guide is intended to help school administrators, members of school district governing boards, architects, and engineers objectively evaluate school lighting systems. The California school lighting design and evaluation procedure described provides a step-by-step design method that, when used properly, results in balanced lighting for school facilities. The procedure also provides for a separate assessment and rating for visual performance and visual comfort, making possible calculated options between these two basic lighting design factors. Basically, this document is a designing tool for engineers with specific responsibility for illumination. Metric equivalents in parentheses are included in parts of the text. The appendixes contain formulas for calculating the measures presented in the text, worksheets, a completed sample form, and a computer printout of a proposed lighting system. A glossary contains terms, abbreviations, and symbols used in the text. (Author/MLF)

Published
1978

6. Human Newborn Color Vision: Measurement with Chromatic Stimuli Varying in Excitation Purity.

Author

Adams, Russell J. and Courage, Mary L.

Abstract

Habituated 180 neonates to white lights of varying luminance and tested for recovery of habituation to green, yellow, or red lights varying in excitation purity. Found that newborns discriminated chromatic stimuli from white only when excitation purity exceeded levels much higher than those for adults. Results reinforce view that neonates' vision is based on general immaturities or inefficiencies. (Author)

Published
1998

7. Shedding Some Light.

Author

Whitney, Tim

Abstract

Discusses the basics of designing natural and artificial light in an indoor athletic facility. Also examines individual lighting requirements of typical rooms such as weight and fitness rooms, aerobics and multipurpose rooms, gymnasiums, field houses, pools, and racquetball and squash courts. (GR)

Published
1998

8. Light Duty.

Author

Rogers, Jeff

Abstract

Discusses multipurpose athletic-field lighting specifications to enhance lighting quality and reduce costs. Topics discussed include lamp choice, lighting spillover and glare prevention, luminary assemblies and poles, and the electrical dimming and switching systems. (GR)

Published
1996

9. The Stair-Step Atom.

Author

Jordan, Thomas M.

Abstract

Presents a model of a generic atom that is used to represent the movement of electrons from lower to higher levels and vice-versa due to excitation and de-excitation of the atom. As the process of de-excitation takes place, photons represented by colored ping-pong balls are emitted, indicating the emission of light. (MDH)

Published
1992

10. Exploring the World of Fluorescence.

Author

Czarnik, Stanley A.

Abstract

Provides a basic introduction to fluorescence enabling the amateur scientist to easily, and safely, demonstrate and photograph this phenomenon with the aid of an ultraviolet lamp. Includes a list of necessary equipment and materials, as well as catalog availability from several hardware suppliers. (JJK)

Published
1991

11. Surface Reflectances and Human Color Constancy: Comment on Dannemiller (1989).

Author

Troost, Jimmy M.

Abstract

It is argued that a reflectance channel that requires priority information is shown to be less plausible for the human visual system than J. L. Dannemiller (1989) argued. In the response, Dannemiller replies that lightness is not an illuminant invariant surface descriptor when daylight illuminant substitutions are considered. (SLD)

Published
1991

12. Updating Lighting for School Sports Facilities.

Author

Frier, John P.

Abstract

Replacing an outdated sports field lighting system with new equipment can increase safety and save energy and maintenance dollars. Provides guidelines, based on current industry recommendations and using metal halide lamps, for updating field lighting or evaluating a proposal for new field lighting. (MLF)

Published
1991

13. Illuminating Physics with Light Bulbs.

Author

Leff, Harvey S.

Abstract

Presents ideas on how common household light bulbs can be used to develop interest in learning physics. Focuses on supermarket data taking and analyses, filament temperatures, detective work with three-way bulbs, and lifetime statistics. (YP)

Published
1990

14. Chemiluminescents Light Up the Night.

Author

Dashiell, Judy

Abstract

Provides a general description of chemiluminescence and distinguishes between the two types of chemistry that contribute to our understanding of chemiluminescence: fluorescence and the excitation process. Presents an activity that explores the phenomenon. (DDR)

Published
1997

15. Singlet Oxygen in Aqueous Solution: A Lecture Demonstration

Author

Shakhashiri, Bassam Z. and Williams, Lloyd G.

Abstract

Describes a demonstration that illustrates the red chemiluminescence due to singlet molecular oxygen that can be observed when aqueous solutions of hypochlorite ion and hydrogen peroxide are mixed. (MLH)

Published
1976

17. A Device to Demonstrate the Principles of Photometry and Three Experiments for Its Use.

Author

Delumyea, R. Del

Abstract

Describes how to construct a simple photometer. Outlines experiments in which this device can be used to demonstrate basic electronic principles, the use of Beer's Law to determine the concentration of an analyte in solution, and the effect of molar absorptivity on the sensitivity of photometric procedures. (TW)

Published
1987

18. Sensory Information and Subjective Contour

Author

Brussell, Edward M.

Abstract

The possibility that subjective contours are an artifact of brightness contrast was explored. Concludes that subjective contour and brightness contrast are distinct perceptual phenomena but share a dependency on the processing of edge information transmitted through the achromatic channels of the visual system. (Editor/RK)

Published
1977

19. Apparatus Notes.

Author

Eaton, Bruce G.

Abstract

Describes the following: an electric circuit for an expensive photometer, an amplifier circuit capable of demonstrating many aspects of behavior of free and driven oscillators, and finally a projection recording system which uses an unmodified XY or XT recorder and a separate overhead projector. (GA)

Published
1978

22. Lighting for Our Schools.

Author

Rankin, John C.

Abstract

In this speech, the author traces the history of lighting in schools, discusses the variables affecting the amount of illuminance needed, and provides a table of illuminances recommended for Ontario schools. Other factors that affect vision--glare, veiling reflection, color, and brightness balance--are outlined. Planners are admonished to recognize the needs of visually handicapped students when planning school lighting. Following this is an explanation of the characteristics and uses of the three categories of lamps used in school lighting: incandescent; fluorescent; and high intensity discharge with its mercury, metal halide, and high and low pressure sodium types. The author then deals with windows and daylight, how to control sunlight, and designing for new schools. The relation between light and health and lighting for plant growth are briefly discussed. In closing, practices are listed to make the most of existing systems. (MLF)

Published
1982

23. Lighting Energy Management for Colleges and Universities.

Author

National Lighting Bureau, Washington, DC.

Abstract

Colleges and universities probably rely on more types of lighting than do other facilities. This booklet is intended to help administrators achieve the goal of lighting energy management--gaining maximum benefit from illumination systems while minimizing energy waste. The development of a lighting energy management plan requires knowledge of the components and systems available, of the existing systems, and of the benefits of lighting. Major lighting concerns and terms are explained and a glossary is provided. The benefits discussed include improved safety and security, increased worker productivity, reduced lighting maintenance expense, and better student achievement. Directions and a form are provided for conducting a lighting energy audit. The final section discusses lighting energy management options (LEMOs) in the areas of lamps, fixtures, ballasts, controls, and maintenance. A hypothetical situation is presented to illustrate a basic method for computing the values of various LEMOs prior to their application. Throughout the booklet a total of nine case histories illustrate various applications of the lighting energy management plan and the associated financial savings. Publications and organizations are listed as sources of assistance. (Author/MLF)

Published
1982

26. Topics in Chemical Instrumentation: Cl. Thermoluminescence, Part I: Principles.

Author

Manche, Emanuel P.

Abstract

Following a delineation of thermoluminescence from a historical perspective and a qualitative description of the process, a treatment of the kinetic process based on a simple model is presented. This treatment model is adequate for the purpose of identifying the essential requirements in instrument design. (BT)

Published
1979

27. Physics Notes.

Abstract

Included is information regarding: fabrication of light emitting diodes, their operation as semiconductors, and an experiment demonstrating electroluminescence; experimenting with Random Access Memory (RAM) circuits; demonstrating Coriolis effect; measuring the diameter of an electron beam, E.H.T. meters; launching a trolley by catapult; a "random walk" experiment to demonstrate molecular motion. (CS)

Published
1979

28. Resource Letter CCV-1: Color and Color Vision.

Author

Stuewer, Roger H. and Pease, Paul L.

Abstract

Listed are selected resource materials on color vision and the measurement and specification of the stimulus for vision, photometry, and colorimetry. The author's purpose is to equip teachers and students with an understanding of normal and abnormal color vision. References are categorized relative to content level. (Author/DS)

Published
1980

29. An Introduction to Luminescence in Inorganic Solids.

Author

DeLuca, John A.

Abstract

Introduces luminescence by characterizing phosphors, describing phosphor phenomena, presenting a configurational coordinate model of characteristic luminescence, and describing some commercial applications of phosphors. (CS)

Published
1980

30. Luminescent Processes Elucidated by Simple Experiments on ZnS.

Author

Schwankner, R.

Abstract

Describes some impurity-related optical properties of semiconductors, with special emphasis on the luminescence of zinc sulfide (ZnS). Presents and interprets five experiments using a ZnS screen, ultraviolet lamp, transparent Dewar liquid nitrogen, and a helium/neon gas base. Includes application of luminescence measurements to archaeology. (SK)

Published
1981

31. Guidelines for Recreation and Athletic Field Lighting.

Author

Crookham, Joe P.

Abstract

Guidelines for planning the lighting facilities for recreational and other athletic fields are presented (a softball field is used for an example). Guidelines are given for determining (1) lighting needs and levels of uniformity; (2) lamp choice; (3) structural requirements; (4) operating and maintenance costs; and (5) financing options. (PP)

Published
1982

32. Excited-State Processes of Relevance to Photoelectrochemistry.

Author

Ellis, Arthur B.

Abstract

Provides an overview of the properties of photoluminescence (PL), a description of their pertubation in a photoelectrochemical cell, and a discussion of the complementary information obtained from PL properties. (JN)

Published
1983

33. Study, Perceptually Similar Visual Environment. Final Report.

Author

Martin Marietta Corp., Denver, CO. and King, Barry C.

Abstract

A long-range investigation is being made to define the characteristics required of a television system to simulate a visual environment which will permit target acquisition performance comparable to that obtained in the real world. In this portion of the investigation, target recognition performance under direct viewing conditions was compared with performance under television-mediated viewing for a variety of static military targets. The use of a specially designed closed-circuit television system permitted video "signal-to-noise" to be treated as a carefully controlled parameter in order to assess the effects of noise on television-mediated recognition. It was found that when the image degrading effects of video noise are eliminated, the dominant factor in the determination of television-mediated target recognition appears to be the number of active scan lines per frame, rather than the systems' limiting horizontal resolution. Exploratory tests using the Martin Marietta Guidance Development Center three-dimensional terrain model suggest that a similar approach may be used to investigate target recognition under dynamic "real-world" conditions. (Author/JY)

Published
1970

34. Selection of Rear Projection Screens for Learning Carrels.

Author

Air Force Human Resources Lab., Brooks AFB, TX. and Smith, Edgar A.

Abstract

The selection of a rear projection screen for a learning carrel should take into account the viewing angle involved. In some carrels, the viewer can be seated in front of the screen (i.e., on the normal axis) since the screen is used primarily to present information. In these cases, where the screen will be viewed only from a restricted range, a highly directional screen may be employed since such a screen only disperses light to a small area so that the light is highly concentrated. This condition is usually favorable in terms of operational economics, reliability, heat generation, noise level, and maintainability. In other carrels, the learning situation may require that the viewer be mobile and so it cannot be assumed that he will view the screen from the best angle. In other words, the learning task controls the choice of screen. To facilitate the matching of learning requirements with screens, 21 commercially available screens were evaluated using a goniophotometer. The resulting measurements are presented in a normalized fashion which allows the user to compare screens in terms of light distribution and relative normal axis readings. Readings at angles where light falls off to 50 percent and 25 percent are also given. (Author/MT)

Published
1970

37. Photon Dosimetry by Luminescence Methods

Author

Raeside, D. E.

Abstract

Discusses the fundamentals of two personnel dosimeters: the lithium fluoride thermoluminescent dosimeter and the silver-activated phosphate glass radiophotoluminescent dosimeter, and indicates the usefulness of this presentation for both teachers and students. (CC)

Published
1973

38. Unified Technical Concepts. Module 13: Radiation.

Author

Technical Education Research Center, Waco, TX.

Abstract

This concept module on radiation is one of thirteen modules that provide a flexible, laboratory-based physics instructional package designed to meet the specialized needs of students in two-year, postsecondary technical schools. Each of the thirteen concept modules discusses a single physics concept and how it is applied to each energy system. This module addresses mainly the topic of electromagnetic radiation. Included with the concept module are twenty-two application modules that discuss a specific application of a single concept in a single energy system, and contain a student laboratory exercise. Laboratory modules included are Inverse Square Law: Spreading of Light; The Optical Spectrum; Light Sources; Lasers; Stroboscopes: Pulses of Light; Optical Filters: Absorption of Light; Specular and Diffuse Reflection of Light; Image Formation with Mirrors; Prisms: Refraction and Dispersion of Light; Lenses: Focusing and Spreading of Light; Interference: Testing Flat Surfaces; Diffraction Grating: Measuring the Wavelengths of Light; Polarization: Glare Reduction; Holography: Three Dimensional Photography; Spectroscopy: Light Analysis; Infrared Radiation Thermometers; Illumination; Single Lens Reflex Camera; Geiger Counters; Penetrating Power of Alpha and Beta Radiation; Radioactivity; and Absorption of Gamma Radiation. (LRA)

39. Light 'Em Up.

Author

Wiese, Paul J. and Lindstrom, Chuck

Abstract

Provides advice on designing sports-field lighting that can help balance design with cost and lighting-system performance. Areas addressed include system installation, pole placement, light-spillage control, and maintenance. (GR)

Published
1998

40. Room Temperature Phosphorescence

Author

Schulman, Edward M.

Abstract

Describes a technique by which room temperature phosphorescence of simple organic molecules can be demonstrated in the lecture hall or laboratory. (MLH)

Published
1976

41. Luminescence Experiments Using Adsorbed Dyes

Author

McHale, Jeanne L. and Seybold, Paul G.

Abstract

Describes several spectral experiments utilizing nuphthalene derivatives that display room-temperature phospharescence. (MLH)

Published
1976

42. Detection of ATP and NADH: A Bioluminescent Experience.

Author

Selig, Ted C.

Abstract

Described is a bioluminescent assay for adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and reduced nicotineamide-adenine dinucleotide (NADH) that meets the requirements of an undergraduate biochemistry laboratory course. The 3-hour experiment provides students with experience in bioluminescence and analytical biochemistry yet requires limited instrumentation, preparation, and expense. Background information and procedures are included. (JN)

Published
1984

43. Preparation of a Phosphor, ZnS:Cupric.

Author

Suib, Steven L. and Tanaka, John

Abstract

Background information (including optical properties of inorganic materials) and procedures are provided for an experiment which introduces students to preparation of a doped semiconductor; phosphorescence; gettering procedures; reducing atmospheres; and use of a high-temperature furnace with associated thermocouples, temperature controllers, and temperature-sensing devices. (JN)

Published
1984

44. New Light on Computers.

Abstract

Four architects' lighting designs are presented which cut down glare in offices and classrooms with computers. (MD)

Published
1984

45. Does Cu(acac)2 Quench Benzene Fluorescence? A Physical Chemistry Experiment.

Author

Marciniak, Bronislaw

Abstract

Describes a laboratory experiment in which benzene fluorescence is quenched by bis(acetylacetonato) copper(II). Discusses how this experiment can demonstrate a special technique used in the field of photochemistry. Provides an outline of the experimental procedure and discusses its results. (TW)

Published
1986

47. Illustrating Chemiluminescence with Siloxene Indicator.

Author

Hoff, Ray

Abstract

Discusses the nature of light-producing reactions and provides a procedure for demonstrating chemical luminescence using siloxene indicator. Indicates source of this chemical and safety precautions. (SK)

Published
1981

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