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Chatbots are interactive systems that communicate using natural language with human users, via a textual interface or voice activation. These tools are useful for many spheres of business such as Customer Service, Sales, Education and Learning, Health and Entertainment. Recently, chatbots have become popular, with significant growth in the software industry, especially text-based chatbots. This is encouraging developers to create their own tools, as well as attracting efforts from researchers into this area. Despite this highlight, technologies to guarantee the quality of chatbots and user satisfaction are not keeping up with the growing demand for these tools. Considering this, there is a need to propose technologies capable of supporting developers and development teams in the process of building and evaluating chatbots. Therefore, this research proposes to develop artifacts applicable to the design and evaluation process of chatbots, based on quality attributes identified in systematic literature reviews related to Usability and User Experience (UX), due to the importance and impact that these aspects have on user satisfaction and the perceived quality of the system. The first artifact is the U2Chatbot inspection checklist, developed to assist development teams in the process of identifying defects in text-based chatbots. The second artifact is a set of interface design patterns, DP-U2Chatbot, containing useful examples to support developers in the process of building chatbots. The technologies were subjected to the necessary evaluations. The results of the empirical study regarding the U2Chatbot inspection checklist indicated that participants considered the technology useful for discovering defects in chatbots, however, ease of use could be improved. The participants' experience discreetly influenced the effectiveness and efficiency of the technique, leading us to believe that professionals with a certain level of inspection experience can benefit more from the checklist. Regarding the evaluation of DP-U2Chatbot design patterns, the results generally indicated that the technology is easy to understand and useful in supporting the design of chatbots, helping to build better tools.

Se analizan dos pasajes de las Metamorfosis de Ovidio y se sugieren propuestas de enmienda.

Water percolation through infiltration ponds is creating significant synergies for the broad adoption of water reuse as an additional non-conventional water supply. Despite the apparent simplicity of the soil aquifer treatment (SAT) approaches, the complexity of site-specific hydrogeological conditions and the processes occurring at various scales require an exhaustive understanding of the system’s response. The non-saturated zone and underlying aquifers cannot be considered as a black box, nor accept its characterization from few boreholes not well distributed over the area to be investigated. Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) is a non-invasive technology, highly responsive to geological heterogeneities that has demonstrated useful to provide the detailed subsurface information required for groundwater modeling. The relationships between the electrical resistivity of the alluvial sediments and the bedrock and the difference in salinity of groundwater highlight the potential of geophysical methods over other more costly subsurface exploration techniques. The results of our research show that ERT coupled with implicit modeling tools provides information that can significantly help to identify aquifer geometry and characterize the saltwater intrusion of shallow alluvial aquifers. The proposed approaches could improve the reliability of groundwater models and the commitment of stakeholders to the benefits of SAT procedures.

Se defiende para ese verso la lectura illi, gramaticalmente extraña, aportando la perspectiva literaria de la técnica sorpresiva del ἀπροσδόκητον.

Usability is one of the most relevant quality aspects in Web applications. A Web application is usable if it provides a friendly, direct and easy to understand interface. Many Usability Inspection Methods (UIMs) have been proposed as a cost effective way to enhance usability. However, many companies are not aware of these UIMs and consequently, are not using them. A secondary study can identify, evaluate and interpret all data that is relevant to the current knowledge available regarding UIMs that have been used to evaluate Web applications in the past few decades. Therefore, we have extended a systematic mapping study about Usability Evaluation Methods by analyzing 26 of its research papers from which we extracted and categorized UIMs. We provide practitioners and researches with the rationale to understand both the strengths and weaknesses of the emerging UIMs for the Web. Furthermore, we have summarized the relevant information of the UIMs, which suggested new ideas or theoretical basis regarding usability inspection in the Web domain. In addition, we present a new UIM and a tool for Web usability inspection starting from the results shown in this paper.

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Se presenta una observación de cáncer de sigmoides, asociado a una colitis isquémica en su etapa de estenosis. Se destaca la poca frecuencia de esta asociación, probablemente por las diferentes formas evolutivas de la colopatía isquémica, o por no quedar incluidas en la pieza de resección. Se enfatiza en la utilidad del diagnóstico preoperatorio, como en este caso, pudiendo ir al acto operatorio con un plan correcto de tratamiento. Se señalan las directivas terapéuticas, destacando en este caso que la operación efectuada trató las dos lesiones, quedando perfectamente comprobadas por la anatomía patologica.