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Object detection in unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) images is an extremely challenging task and involves problems such as multi-scale objects, a high proportion of small objects, and high overlap between objects. To address these issues, first, we design a Vectorized Intersection Over Union (VIOU) loss based on YOLOv5s. This loss uses the width and height of the bounding box as a vector to construct a cosine function that corresponds to the size of the box and the aspect ratio and directly compares the center point value of the box to improve the accuracy of the bounding box regression. Second, we propose a Progressive Feature Fusion Network (PFFN) that addresses the issue of insufficient semantic extraction of shallow features by Panet. This allows each node of the network to fuse semantic information from deep layers with features from the current layer, thus significantly improving the detection ability of small objects in multi-scale scenes. Finally, we propose an Asymmetric Decoupled (AD) head, which separates the classification network from the regression network and improves the classification and regression capabilities of the network. Our proposed method results in significant improvements on two benchmark datasets compared to YOLOv5s. On the VisDrone 2019 dataset, the performance increased by 9.7% from 34.9% to 44.6%, and on the DOTA dataset, the performance increased by 2.1%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the study was to identify extracellular vesicle (EV) microRNAs (miRNAs) that play important roles in knee osteoarthritis (OA). Models of knee OA were surgically induced in nine male Sprague-Dawley rats. Tissue samples were collected at 0 weeks (Control), 6 weeks (6 weeks), and 12 weeks (12 weeks). The EVs were isolated and analyzed for size. Various biomarkers, including recombinant tetraspanin 30 cluster of differentiation (CD)63 and CD9 were detected. An Agilent array was used to screen for differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs. The levels of DE miRNAs and their target mRNAs were evaluated by quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. The viability, proliferation, and apoptosis of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced human synovial cells (HSCs) were examined by using Cell Counting Kit-8, EdU (5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine), and TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling) assays, respectively. The OA model rats had significantly increased levels of inflammatory activity, damaged cells, and rough articular cartilage when compared with rats in the control group. The EVs from the model rats appeared as round vesicle-like structures with a mean diameter of ∼145 nm. Five miRNAs that showed gradual increases in the model rats were selected for further analysis; those miRNAs included miR-127-3p, miR-132-3p, miR-141-3p, miR-345-5p, and miR-382-5p. miR-382-5p was found to reduce the viability and proliferation and promote the apoptosis of LPS-induced HSCs. Moreover, phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) was negatively regulated by miR-382-5p. Our findings revealed that EVs produced by the OA rats contained miR-382-5p, which might reduce cell viability and proliferation, and promote cell apoptosis by targeting PTEN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the social business platform, continuous marketing to consumers can fully explore the consumer purchasing potential. However, since consumers can be influenced by their social friends, their tastes often change, which resulting in the cold start problem of familiar users (CSPFU), and the traditional product recommendation methods are difficult to achieve satisfactory results because they focus on identifying the preferable new products instead of boring familiar products. Therefore, a consumer multi-stage compensation product evaluation model (CMCPEM) based on the multidimensional correlation of products and customers to identify the products that consumers may feel tired is proposed. Specifically, the multidimensional correlation indexes are firstly proposed to depict the preferences of the consumer for the target product to be identified, other consumers who have social contagion and structural equivalence relationships with the consumer and other consumers of homogeneous products. After the direct linear, non-linear and indirect fusion of these multidimensional correlation indexes, the compensation indexes (CIs) are proposed to comprehensively describe the first stage of product evaluation process of consumers. Then, J test in the non-nested model is used to screen out the non-nested CIs that consumers focus on. Finally, in the third stage, the final decision result is given by comprehensively considering CIs that consumers focus on and the indexes that represent consumers' favorite. Experiment results on YELP data confirm the effectiveness of CMCPEM in successfully launching the continuous marketing campaign. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) act as competing endogenous RNAs, which are involved in the regulation of many types of cancers. They primarily function by sponging microRNAs (miRNAs) and influencing the expression of miRNA by target messenger RNA. However, the role of circRNAs in the progression of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) remains largely unclear. In this study, differentially expressed miRNAs associated with NPC were screened using microarray analyses, from which miR-107 was identified. Increased miR-107 expression was associated with poor prognosis in NPC, and miR-107 promoted the proliferation and migration of NPC cells. TGFBR2 was identified as the direct target of miR-107, which could reverse its effect on NPC cells. Furthermore, the expression of circTGFBR2 was downregulated in NPC tissue samples, while circTGFBR2 overexpression correlated with favorable prognosis in NPC. Functionally, circTGFBR2 overexpression inhibited the proliferation and migration of NPC cells both in vitro and in vivo. Further analysis showed that circTGFBR2 sponged miR-107, leading to the upregulation of TGFBR2 expression and suppression of NPC progression. Therefore, circTGFBR2 may serve as a novel tumor suppressive factor and potential target for new therapies in NPC patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In pre-surgical patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNPs), positive findings on computed tomography (CT) scans and an exacerbation of symptoms are two possible factors that indicate surgery. However, the relationship between these factors remains unclear. Confirmed CRSwNP patients ready for sinus surgery were consecutively enrolled. The Sino-Nasal Outcome Test 22 (SNOT-22) and visual analog scale (VAS) scoring were completed by these patients, and scores were subjected to factor analysis using a principal component analysis (PCA) to evaluate subjective symptom components related to CRS. Patient CT scores, measured by the Lund-Mackay score (LMS), together with their demographics, medical treatment, and atopy status, were collected and analyzed. A total of 288 patients who met the criteria for CRSwNP and underwent CT scanning prior to surgery in the Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital of Fudan University were enrolled. Five components were identified from the PCA of the SNOT-22 results and VAS scores related to subjective symptoms. More severe 'nasal' symptoms (P=0.03; 95% CI, 0.092-1.824), loss of smell and taste (P<0.001; 95% CI, 0.961-1.767) and lower facial pain (P=0.001; 95% CI 1.811 to -0.475), derived from the SNOT-22, were significantly associated with total CT score. For the VAS PCA components, less severe 'ocular' symptoms (P=0.004; 95% CI -1.852 to -0.352), a reduced 'pain' component (P<0.001; 95% CI -2.133 to -0.715), a higher 'nasal' symptom component (P<0.001; 95% CI 0.752-2.257) and, again, loss of smell and taste (P<0.001; 95% CI 0.437-0.811) showed an association with total CT score. 'Allergy-associated symptoms' in both the SNOT-22 and VAS scores and 'loss of smell or taste' and 'hyposmia' were significantly more severe in patients with ethmoid sinus/maxillary sinus (E/M) ratios of >2.59 compared with patients with E/M ratios <2.59. Loss of smell and taste alone was correlated with the LMS in patients with highly positive CT scores. The present study demonstrated associations between several subjective symptoms and objective severity in preoperative CRSwNP patients. Nasal symptoms, including olfaction loss, were correlated positively with CT scores, while ocular- and pain-related symptoms showed an opposite pattern. However, this relationship was not confirmed in patients with highly positive CT scores. A subset analysis confirmed, in terms of symptoms, the value of the E/M ratio for indicating eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Allergen‐specific immunotherapy (AIT) is the only available treatment that can induce specific immune tolerance to allergens. However, the treatment course lasts >3 years, and there is no reliable method to predict treatment response. Therefore, in this study we aimed to establish a method that can predict treatment response to AIT in the second year. Methods: This prospective study enrolled 119 patients who had undergone 2‐years of standard‐quality house dust mite subcutaneous immunotherapy. Clinical characteristics, skin‐prick test response, and treatment response were evaluated at months 4, 6, 12, and 18. Effective AIT was defined as a 25% reduction in average adjusted symptom score (AAdSS) from baseline at the end of the second year of immunotherapy. Results: The overall efficacy rate at the end of year 2 of the AIT was 67.4%. Age, sex, asthma, body mass index, smoking history, and aeroallergen categories were not associated with efficacy of AIT. Meanwhile, efficacy data at month 4 (odds ratio [OR], 4.250; p = 0.004), month 6 (OR, 10.476; p < 0.000), month 12 (OR, 18.000; p < 0.000), and month 18 (OR, 9.716; p < 0.000) were associated with month 24 efficacy. The area under the curve for improvement at 4, 6, 12, and 18 months was 0.805, 0.834, 0.837, and 0.854, respectively. Conclusion: Efficacy of AIT at months 4, 6, 12, and 18 is strongly associated with efficacy at month 24. Efficacy as early as month 4 can predict efficacy at the second year, and this may help to determine the need for long‐term treatment. Our findings may be useful for identifying novel treatment strategies for AIT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the present study was to review the recurrence and prognostic factors of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) associated with inverted papilloma (IP). A retrospective chart review was conducted on 21 patients with SCC associated with IP, in the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, between March 2007 to March 2017. All patients underwent surgical treatment: Surgery prior to or following adjuvant therapy was performed in 17 patients (81.0%). During a mean follow-up time of 47.4 months (range, 3–123 months), 9 patients (42.9%) experienced local recurrence, and the risk factors of T4 stage and invasive orbital cavity had a significant influence on recurrence. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival rates were 90.5, 75.4 and 68.5%, and the 1-, 3-, and 5-year disease-specific survival (DSS) rates were 90.5, 80.4 and 80.4%, respectively. The prognosis of patients with stage T4 was not satisfactory compared with those with stage T3 or less, and a positive surgical margin was also significantly associated with poor survival. Overall, SCC associated with IP has a favorable DSS, early diagnosis and complete resection of lesions is required for a good prognosis. Furthermore, aggressive surgical approaches combined with postoperative adjuvant therapy seem to be effective in tumors at stage T4. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The purpose of this study was to explore the demographics, multimodality therapeutic outcomes*** and prognostic factors in sinonasal rhabdomyosarcoma (SNRMS). Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 40 patients who underwent treatment of SNRMS from March 2007 to March 2018. The Kaplan–Meier method and the log-rank test were used to assess survival rates. The Cox regression model was used for multivariate survival analysis. Results: In total, 25 males and 15 females were included in the study; the median age was 33 years (range, 2–67 years). All patients underwent surgical resection, and surgery prior to or after adjuvant therapy (chemotherapy and radiotherapy) was performed in 91.4% of the patients. The overall 1-, 3- and 5-year survival rates were 77.0%, 46.5% and 46.5%, respectively, during a mean follow-up time of 27.9 (range, 2–128) months in all patients. The log-rank test showed Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study (IRS) group and infiltration of the skull base influenced overall survival (p = 0.001; p = 0.022). Advanced IRS stage, lymph node metastasis and tumor size ≥ 5 cm were also associated with an unfavorable outcome on overall survival (p = 0.01; p = 0.035; p = 0.02). The results of multivariate regression analysis showed patients with IRS group I were associated with better prognosis outcome on overall survival. Conclusion: Patients with SNRMS have poor 5-year overall survival, and IRS group is the independent prognostic factor for overall survival. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Two natural plant polysaccharides alleviated the symptoms in mice with acute ulcerative colitis. • Natural plant polysaccharides alleviated DSS-induced inflammation and strengthened intestinal barrier integrity. • Natural plant polysaccharides regulated the composition and metabolism of gut microbiota and reversed microbiota dysbiosis. Ulcerative colitis (UC) treatment usually involves either drug therapy or surgery. Natural food polysaccharides have showed great potential for preventing UC. In this study, the therapeutic effects of Cyclocarya paliurus (Batal.) Iljinskaja polysaccharide (CP) and Chinese yam polysaccharide (CYP) on dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced mice UC model and their underlying mechanisms were explored. The results suggested that CP and CYP could improve colitis symptoms in DSS-induced mice, enhance the production of IL-10, inhibit cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α) and reduce MPO activity. Furthermore, they maintained the integrity of intestine by improving the expression of mucin MUC-2, ZO-1 and occludin, which in turn reduced the contents of lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP) and endotoxin (ET) in serum and oxidative stress in liver. Finally, they modulated the composition and metabolism of gut microbiota. Notably, Alistipes and Bacteroides were the specific genera in CP and CYP groups, respectively. These findings indicated that polysaccharides might alleviate the development of colitis and inform other relevant studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the tin doped indium oxide (ITO)/metal (Ni, Cu, Ag)/ITO electrodes were prepared on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrates for electrochromic applications, in which the Ni, Cu and Ag metal thin films with different thicknesses were prepared employing three different coating technologies, respectively. The various material properties including morphology, grain structure, electrical and optical properties as well as bending property were systematically investigated. The electrochromic performances of applied electrochromic devices (ECDs) with these ITO/metal/ITO transparent conductive electrodes (TCEs) were deeply investigated as well. • ITO/metal(Ni,Cu,Ag)/ITO TCEs were prepared on PET for electrochromic applications. • The Ni, Cu and Ag metal thin films were prepared with three different coating technologies. • The PET/ITO/Cu(2 nm)/ITO/WO 3 shows better electrochromic properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Ethanol-water pigment extracts form Wugong Mountain purple red rice bran (PRBP) were extracted. • Seventeen anthocyanins in PRBP were identified by UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS spectra. • PRBP showed strong in vitro antioxidant activity. • PRBP effectively modulated Cy-induced immunosuppression in mice. The study was to investigate the phytochemical composition, antioxidant activities and the immunomodulatory effects on cyclophosphamide-induced (cy-induced) immunosuppressed mice of purple red rice bran pigment extracts (PRBP). The phytochemical composition of total anthocyanins, total phenolic and total flavonoid contents were evaluated. Moreover, UV–Vis, FT-IR and UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS spectra analysis identified for the first time the presence of seventeen anthocyanins in PRBP, including five anthocyanin aglycones and twelve acetylated anthocyanins, suggesting that PRBP were a highly acylated anthocyanin profile. The DPPH, ABTS+, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity and FRAP assays showed that PRBP had excellent antioxidant activities. Further, the results of animal experiments showed that PRBP alleviated immune organ damage and recovered damaged immune function, such as preventing the reduction of body weight, spleen and thymus organ indexes, and significantly increasing the levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in spleen which indicated that PRBP alleviated immunosuppression in Cy-induced mice. The immunomodulatory activity of PRBP was reflected by the upregulation of MAPK signaling pathways after gavage. Taken together, these results suggest that PRBP possessed a certain antioxidant and immunomodulatory abilities. These findings will lead to a better understanding of the biological properties of PRBP and broaden its utilization in food processing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To develop and validate a nomogram to predict survival in patients with recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) after salvage endoscopic surgery.Materials and Methods: A total of 229 eligible patients with recurrent NPC were divided into training (n = 115) and validation (n = 114) cohorts. A multivariate Cox proportional risk regression model was used to identify significant prognostic factors for overall survival (OS) in the training cohort. A nomogram was then developed based on the regression model. The performance of the nomogram was assessed with regard to discrimination and calibration. Patients were divided into low-risk or high-risk groups based on the risk scores derived from the nomogram. Furthermore, decision curve analysis (DCA) was used to assess the clinical utility of the nomogram.Results: Six significant predictors were identified: diabetes mellitus, body mass index (BMI), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), T stage, lymph node metastasis, and tumor necrosis. The nomogram incorporating these six predictors demonstrated favorable discrimination and calibration in the training cohort, with a C-index of 0.746 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.656-0.836), which was subsequently confirmed in the validation cohort (C-index 0.768 [95% CI 0.675-0.861]). Furthermore, the nomogram successfully distinguished patients into low- and high-risk groups. DCA indicated that the nomogram was clinically useful.Conclusions: The novel nomogram demonstrated its potential as an individual tool to predict survival in patients with recurrent NPC after salvage endoscopic surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High‐quality precipitation data are vital for hydrological applications and climate change research. In this study, we evaluated two satellite‐based precipitation products from Chinese Fengyun (FY) 2G (G is one of the third batch of operational geostationary satellites in the Chinese FY‐2 series) and the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) against the rain gauge‐based precipitation data, respectively, over the Yunnan‐Kweichow Plateau, China, at different temporal scales (e.g., monthly, daily, and hourly). And the main findings of this study were as follows: (1) FY2G Quantitative Precipitation Estimation (QPE) and Integrated Multisatellite Retrievals for GPM (IMERG) shared similar spatial precipitation patterns with those of rain gauge data, while the FY2G QPE general underestimated the precipitation (bias, −30%–0%), and IMERG obviously overestimated the precipitation (bias, 0%–60%) at monthly scale over the Yunnan‐Kweichow Plateau; (2) the FY2G QPE correlated significantly better (Correlation coefficient, CC, ~0.80) than IMERG (CC ~0.20) against rain gauge data at daily scale, meanwhile, the average daily bias value of IMERG (~30%) was around 6 times larger than that of FY2G QPE (~5%); (3) The FY2G QPE (CC ~0.7, bias ~ − 8%, root‐mean‐square error ~2.0 mm/hr, mean absolute error ~ 0.6 mm/hr) also generally outperformed the IMERG (CC ~0.1, bias ~13%, root‐mean‐square error ~3.0 mm/hr, mean absolute error ~ 1.0 mm/hr), at hourly scale; (4) The FY2G QPE significantly underestimated the precipitation in the period between 16:00 and 20:00 with the probability of detection (POD) decreased from 0.8 to 0.5, while the IMERG significantly overestimated the precipitation in the period between 4:00 and 12:00, at diurnal scale; and (5) one of the reasons resulting the significant overestimations of IMERG might due to its weak abilities in detecting the precipitation events with POD ~0.2 and false alarm ratio (FAR) ~0.7 at diurnal scale, which performed worse than those of the FY2G QPE (POD ~0.8 and FAR ~0.4). These findings would provide valuable recommendations for using these satellite‐based precipitation products in various application fields, such as hydrology, agriculture, and meteorology over the YKP, and also for improving the algorithms of GPM. Key Points: Evaluations on Chinese FY2G QPE and GPM IMERG precipitation data over the YKP, ChinaFY2G QPE significantly underestimated the precipitation from 16:00 to 20:00 and IMERG overestimated the precipitation from 4:00 to 12:00The overestimations of IMERG might greatly due to its weak abilities in detecting the precipitation events [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A flexible tandem all-thin-film electrochromic device (ATF-ECD) with a device structure of polyethylene terephthalate (PET)/tin doped indium oxide (In 2 O 3 :Sn, ITO)/tungsten oxide (WO 3)/lithium tantalate (LiTaO 3)/nickel oxide (NiO X)/ITO/NiO X /LiTaO 3 /WO 3 /ITO has been fabricated by all magnetron sputtering technologies, in which the bottom ATF-ECD with a superstrate-type structure and the top ATF-ECD with a substrate-type structure are physically and monolithically stacked but electrically connected in parallel. They are systematically investigated for the optical and electrochemical properties through chronoamperometry (CA) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements under different test cases. Both sub-devices work well and the flexible tandem ATF-ECD has achieved a high optical modulation of 59.8% at 600 nm. The numerical simulation is carried out for the tandem ATF-ECD and the single ATF-ECDs with different device structures. The details on transmission spectra are deeply discussed. The flexible tandem ATF-ECD with good electrochromic performances under the low driving voltages provides promising applications in the future smart windows. [Display omitted] • The flexible tandem ATF-ECD has been fabricated by magnetron sputtering. • Both sub-devices of the tandem ATF-ECD work well. • A high optical modulation of 59.8% at 600 nm has been achieved. • The numeral simulation was carried out for the tandem ATF-ECD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mining user preferences from online reviews to understand the representative preferences of different customer groups plays a critical role in product development and improvement, especially in personalized product design. Previous research on mining user preferences usually assumes that all consumers' preferences are homogenous and does not take differences in consumers' personalities into account. Besides, traditional online review deep mining methods are too broad to focus on precise and detailed mining of customer preferences. To fill the gaps in existing research, our study develops a template matching deep mining method to segment customers and narrow the mining scope of customer group preference, and then proposes a product family lean improvement model. Firstly, K-means and structural change model are applied to cluster customers reliably based on the similarity of user preferences. Secondly, in order to decrease down mining scope of customer group preference, the Improved Deep Structured Semantic Model is designed to determine sentimental polarity sentimental polarity of different groups by matching the standard sentimental polarity review templates and online reviews. Finally, a KANO mapping model is developed to decide the user preferences for product attributes in each customer group according to their sentimental polarity and further summarize the common preferences and personalized preferences of various groups according to the Preference Commonality Measurement Function. Accordingly, product family lean improvement strategies are proposed to provide product developers with improvement directions. An empirical study is carried out on laptop data on JD.COM to verify the validity of the proposed model and product family lean improvement suggestions are put forward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Tension pneumocephalus (TP) caused by endoscopic endonasal surgery is a serious complication. We report four cases of TP caused by endoscopic surgery and review other cases in the literature, with special attention devoted to symptoms, imaging features, and therapeutic approaches.Methods: A retrospective chart review of patients who experienced TP caused by endoscopic surgery in our institution between 2015 and 2018 was performed. Additionally, the MEDLINE database was searched for all case series or reports of TP caused by endoscopic surgery.Results: Eighteen articles were identified for review, including four cases from the authors' institution; ultimately, 26 cases were included in the present study. The main symptoms of TP were headache and a change in mental status. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage was reported in 21 of the 26 patients (80.8%). Eight of the 26 patients (30.8%) presented with the "Mount Fuji sign" imaging feature. Twenty-four patients were treated with surgical intervention for TP (endoscopic multilayer closure of skull base defect, cranial burr hole, or bifrontal craniotomy). In addition, the present study is the first to report two patients with TP who were successfully treated conservatively.Conclusion: The therapeutic method for treating TP should depend on the degree of the mass effect and clinical symptoms. When patients with TP present with obvious symptoms of CSF leakage and intracranial hypertension, urgent surgical multilayer repair of the skull base defects and/or release of the intracranial pressure are keys to treating these patients. However, conservative treatment under close observation is also feasible when the related symptoms are not overtly obvious. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ultrafiltration was used to isolate CSAE and the fraction with highest in vitro ACE inhibitory activity was used to assess its effects on cell viability, ACE and ET-1 transcript levels of HUVEC. The main components in the isolate were tentatively identified using UHPLC-MS and molecular docking. Results showed that the ACE inhibitory activity of CSAE was significantly enhanced (p < 0.05) after filtrated through a membrane of 5 kDa molecular weight cut-off (the filtrate was coded as FCSAE5). The concentration of FCSAE5 in the range of 10−2-103 µg/mL had no significant effect on cell viability. ACE and ET-1 mRNA expressions were significantly inhibited (p < 0.05) after the cells being treated with 1 or 10 µg/mL of FCSAE5. The main components in FCSAE5 were alkaloids, phenolic compounds, carbohydrates, aromatic compounds, amino acids and terpenoids. Molecular docking results suggested that flavonoids, terpenoids and carbohydrates in celery seeds play main roles in the ACE inhibitory activity. [Display omitted] • Ultrafiltration increases ACE inhibitory activity of celery seed aqueous extract. • FCSAE5 in low concentrations reduce mRNA expressions of ACE and ET-1. • Compounds in FCSAE5 are tentatively identified by UHPLC-MS. • Flavonoids bind most stably with ACE, followed by terpenoids and carbohydrates. • Apiin has highest in vitro ACE inhibitory activity among five flavonoids tested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The maintenance and strategy operation after patent licensing can bring great market competitiveness and benefits to enterprises. But the large time span from patent licensing to market application makes it challenging to discern the benefits of patent competition strategy. Besides, artificial intelligence (AI) is an emerging industry without ready-to-use experience to formulate patent competition strategy, and particularly current researches have not designed patent competition strategy from the micro patent management perspective of AI enterprises to solve the uncertainty caused by the lag of market application relative to patent licensing. This research builds an expert group discriminant system based on the system dynamics method to address this problem. It integrates expert tacit knowledge to determine the fuzzy variable value and the fuzzy relationship. The patent competition strategy subsystem in national dimension, industry dimension and enterprise dimension for capturing the market from the perspective of enterprise technology competitiveness are constructed. By combining the three subsystems, the enterprise patent competition strategy system dynamics model with evolution analysis is established. Finally, taking typical Chinese AI enterprise iFLYTEK as an example, the multi-scenario simulation is carried out and the results under four different scenarios can provide effective decision supports for managers to formulate reasonable patent competition strategy and gain high market share. This research sheds light on modeling and evolution analysis of the patent competition strategy which comprehensively and systematically considers the operation mechanism of patent management and contributes to dealing with the uncertainty and ambiguity in the system dynamics model effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The upper Tarim River basin is supporting approximately 50 million people by melting the glaciers and snow, which are highly vulnerable and sensitive to climate change. Therefore, assessing the relative effects of climate change on the runoff of this region is essential not only for understanding the mechanism of hydrological response over the mountainous areas in Southern Xinjiang but also for local water resource management. This study quantitatively investigated the climate change in the mountainous area of the upper Tarim River basin, using the up-to-date "ground-truth" precipitation and temperature data, the Asian Precipitation Highly Resolved Observational Data Integration Towards Evaluation of Water Resources (APHRODITE, 1961–2010, 0.25°) data; analyzed the potential connections between runoff data, observed at Alar station, and the key climatological variables; and discussed the regression models on simulating the runoff based on precipitation and temperature data. The main findings of this study were as follows—(1) both annual precipitation and temperature generally increase at rates of 0.85 mm/year and 0.25 °C/10a, respectively, while the runoff data measured at the Alar station shows fluctuating decreasing trends. (2) There are significant spatial differences in the temporal trends of precipitation; for example, the larger increasing rates of precipitation occur in the Karakoram mountains, while the larger decreasing rates happen in the northwestern Kashgar county. (3) The decreasing trends of temperature mainly occur in Kashgar county and its surrounding areas in summer. (4) Seasonal correlations in precipitation and temperature trends are more significant than those on a monthly and annual scale. (5) The regression model in simulating the runoff in the upper Tarim River basin based on radial basis function (RBF) is better than that based on the least-squares method, with the predictive values based on RBF models significantly better (correlation coefficient, CC ∼ 0.85) than those by least-squares models (CC ∼ 0.75). These findings will provide valuable information to inform environmental scientists and planners on the climate change issues in the upper Tarim River basin of Southern Xinjiang, China, under a semiarid-arid climate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the effect of transverse tibial bone transport on the treatment of Wagner Stage 4 diabetic foot. Methods: From January 2017 to October 2019, a total of 19 patients with Wagner Stage 4 diabetic foot ulcers were recruited. All patients were treated with transverse tibial bone transport. A detailed follow‐up was carried out at 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year after surgery. The wound healing rate and the limb salvage rate at 1 year after the surgery were evaluated. Preoperative and 3‐month postoperative digital subtraction angiography (DSA) were obtained. The level of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF) and platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF) before surgery and on 1st, 4th, 11th, 18th, 28th, and 35th days after surgery were measured. Operation time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative complications, visual analog scale (VAS) pain score, skin temperature, Semmes‐weinstein monofilament (SWM), and ankle brachial index (ABI) were also assessed. Results: The wound healing rate and the limb salvage rate were both 94.74% in the patients at 1 year after the surgery. DSA showed the thickening of the calf and foot arteries, clear visualization, and a rich vascular network. The levels of VEGF, bFGF, and PDGF on the 11th, 18th, 28th, and 35th days after surgery were significantly higher than those before surgery (p < 0.05). The EGF level on the 18th, 28th, and 35th days after surgery was significantly higher than that before surgery (p < 0.05). Superficial wound complications occurred in one patient during the hospitalization. There was no movement area infection, skin flap necrosis, tibial fracture, loosening of the external fixator, or rupture in study. Conclusion: Transverse tibial bone transport can improve the blood circulation of the affected limbs, promote the healing of diabetic foot wounds, and reduce the amputation rate of the affected limbs. Transverse tibial bone transport can promote the healing of Wagner Stage 4 diabetic foot. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this work was to evaluate the potentials of porous starch (PS) and its octenyl succinic anhydride modified product (OSAPS) as efficient carriers for loading naringin (NA), focusing on encapsulation efficiency (EE, the percentage of adsorbed naringin relative to its initial amount), drug loading (DL, the percentage of naringin in the complex), structural alterations, solubilization and in vitro release of NA using unmodified starch (UMS) and NA as controls. Both the pore diameter and S BET value of PS decreased after esterification with OSA, and a thinner strip-shaped NA (∼145 nm) was observed in the OSAPS-NA complex and (∼150 nm) in the PS-NA complex. OSAPS exhibited reduced short-range ordered structure, as indicated by a lower R1047/1022 (0.73) compared to PS (0.77). Meanwhile, lowest crystallinity (12.81 %) of NA was found in OSAPS-NA. OSAPS-NA exhibited higher EE and DL for NA than PS-NA and a significant increase in NA saturated solubility in deionized water (by 11.63-fold) and simulated digestive fluids (by 24.95-fold) compared to raw NA. OSAPS contained higher proportions of slowly digestible starch and exhibited a lower digestion rate compared to PS, resulting in a longer time for NA release from its complex during the digestion. • Complexes between naringin (NA) and starch could be prepared by anti-solvent precipitation. • OSA-modified porous starch (OSAPS) possessed higher encapsulation capability to NA than PS. • OSAPS enhanced similar NA solubility in digestive fluids but higher in water compared to PS. • OSAPS had a higher content of slowly digestible starch and lower digestion rate compared to PS. • OSAPS-NA had slower NA release than PS-NA in digestive fluids due to anomalous transport. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Venous pulsatile tinnitus (PT) has received increasing attention recently. As analyses of psychophysical and neuropsychological dimensions of venous PT are lacking, this study aimed to quantitatively and qualitatively investigate the correlation among audiometric, hydroacoustic, and subjective outcomes in patients with PT. Methods: Fifty-five venous PT patients, with or without sigmoid sinus wall anomalies (SSWAs), were subdivided into SSWAs (n = 30) and non-SSWAs (n = 25) groups. Audiometric and hemodynamic evaluations were assessed. Questionnaires including the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS) were deployed to evaluate the psychological impacts of PT. Results: Among 55 subjects, PT frequency-related pure-tone audiometry (PTA) was significantly different between ipsilesional non-PT frequency-related PTA (p < 0.01), ipsilateral jugular vein compression PTA (p < 0.01), and contralesional ear PTA (p < 0.01). In contrast with the pulsatility index and flow velocity, bilateral EOET and flow volume were significantly different (p < 0.01). Of the 3 questionnaire types, there was a strong correlation between HADS anxiety and AIS scores (r = 0.658, p < 0.01). The duration of PT was not correlated with subjective outcomes, and there was no statistical significance found among audiometric, hemodynamic, and subjective outcomes between SSWAs and non-SSWAs groups. Conclusions: (1) The duration of PT was irrelevant to the increase of PTA. (2) Venous PT is the perception of vascular flow sound, in which hydroacoustic characteristics can be highly independent. (3) Anxiety, depression, and sleep disorders commonly prevail among PT patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tetrastigma hemsleyanum （ T. hemsleyanum ）, valued in traditional medicine for its potential to boost immunity and combat tumors, contains uncharacterized active compounds and mechanisms. This represents a significant gap in our understanding of its ethnopharmacological relevance. To involve the mechanism of anti-lung cancer effect of T. hemsleyanum by means of experiment and bioinformatics analysis. The anticancer mechanism of T. hemsleyanum against lung squamous carcinoma (LUSC) in zebrafish was investigated. The LUSC model was established by injecting NCI–H2170 cells in the zebrafish and evaluating its anti-tumor efficacy. Next, component targets and key genes were obtained by molecular complex detection (MCODE) analysis and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis. Component analysis of T. hemsleyanum was performed by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS. Molecular docking was used to simulate the binding activities of key potential active components to core targets were simulated using. Prognostic and pan-cancer analyses were then performed to validate the signaling pathways involved in the prognostic genes using gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). Subsequently, Molecular dynamics simulations were then performed for key active components and core targets. Finally, cellular experiments were used to verify the expression of glutamate metabotropic receptor 3 (GRM3) and glutamate metabotropic receptor 7 (GRM7) in the anticancer effect exerted of T. hemsleyanum. We experimentally confirmed the inhibitory effect of T. hemsleyanum on LUSC by transplantation of NCI–H2170 cells into zebrafish. There are 20 main compounds in T. hemsleyanum , such as procyanidin B1, catechin, quercetin, and kaempferol, etc. A total of 186 component targets of T. hemsleyanum and sixteen hub genes were screened by PPI network and MCODE analyses. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation results showed that Gingerglycolipid B and Rutin had higher affinity with GRM3 and GRM7 , respectively. Prognostic analysis, Pan-cancer analysis and verification experiment also confirmed that GRM3 and GRM7 were targets for T. hemsleyanum to exert anti-tumor effects and to participate in immune and mutation processes. In vitro experiments suggested that the inhibitory effect of T. hemsleyanum on cancer cells was correlated with GRM3 and GRM7. In vivo, in vitro and in silico results confirmed the potential anticancer effects against LUSC of T. hemsleyanum , which further consolidated the claim of its traditional uses. [Display omitted] • A total of 20 compounds and 16 hub genes linked to T. hemsleyanum 's LUSC inhibition were identified. • Molecular studies reveal Gingerglycolipid B and Rutin have high affinity for GRM3 and GRM7. • GRM3 and GRM7 were potential T. hemsleyanum targets for antitumor activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Identifying potential social media influencers (SMIs) accurately can achieve a long-time and effective concept marketing at a lower cost, and then promote the development of the corporate brand in online communities. However, potential SMIs discrimination often faces the problem of insufficient available information of the long-term evolution of the network, and the existing discriminant methods based on link analysis fail to obtain more accurate results. To fill this gap, a consensus smart discriminant algorithm (CSDA) is proposed to identify the potential SMIs with the aid of attention concentration (AC) between users in a closed triadic structure. CSDA enriches and expands the users' AC information by fusing multiple attention concentration indexes (ACIs) as well as filters the noise information caused by multi-index fusion through consensus among the indexes. Specifically, to begin with, to enrich the available long-term network evolution information, the unidirectional attention concentration indexes (UACIs) and the bidirectional attention concentration indexes (BACIs) are defined; next, the consensus attention concentration index (CACI) is selected according to the principle of minimum upper and lower bounds of link prediction bias to filter noise information; the potential SMI is determined by adaptively calculating CACI among the user to be identified, unconnected user group and their common neighbor. The validity and reliability of the proposed method are verified by the actual data of Twitter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

3D printing is the important part of the emerging industry, and the accurate prediction of technology hot spots (THS) in the 3D printing industry is crucial for the strategic technology planning. The patents of the THS are always in the minority and have outlier characteristics, so the existing single and rigid models cannot accurately and robustly predict the THS. In order to make up for the shortcomings of the existing research, this study proposes a model for robust composite attraction indicator (MRCAI), which avoids the impact of outlier patents on prediction accuracy depending on not only extracting the patent attraction indicators (AIs) but also constructing the robust composite attraction indicator (CAI) according to the rough consensus of predicted results of CAIs with high generalization. Specifically, firstly, this study selects the patent AIs from the four dimensions of the attraction: technology group attraction, state attraction, enterprise attraction and inventor attraction. Secondly, in order to completely describe the attraction features of patent, AIs are directly and indirectly integrated into CAIs. Thirdly, we reduce the influence of outlier patents on prediction accuracy from two aspects: on the one hand, we initially select the CAIs with good generalization performance based on the prediction error fluctuation range. On the other hand, we build the robust CAIs by calculating the consensus of CAIs with high generalization performance based on the rough set. Fourthly, the 3D printing industry technology attention matrix is constructed to map the effective technology strategic planning based on predicted patent backward citation count by MRCAI in the short, medium and long term. Finally, the experimental results on 3D printing patent data show that MRCAI can effectively improve the efficiency in dealing with samples with outlier patents and has strong flexibility and robustness in predicting the THS in 3D printing industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Intelligent link prediction algorithm is developed to overcome network sparsity problem. • Attention allocation indices are built for the node pair in different circles. • Decision tree model is developed to select suitable indices for specific network. • Support vector machine is used to find complementary indices of the suitable index. • Composite algorithm is constructed by integrating mutually complementary indices. Circle structure of online brand communities allows companies to conduct cross-marketing activities by the influence of friends in different circles and build strong and lasting relationships with customers. However, existing works on the friend recommendation in social network do not consider establishing friendships between users in different circles, which has the problems of network sparsity, neither do they study the adaptive generation of appropriate link prediction algorithms for different circle features. In order to fill the gaps in previous works, the intelligent attention allocation link prediction algorithm is proposed to adaptively build attention allocation index (AAI) according to the sparseness of the network and predict the possible friendships between users in different circles. The AAI reflects the amount of attention allocated to the user pair by their common friend in the triadic closure structure, which is decided by the friend count of the common friend. Specifically, for the purpose of overcoming the problem of network sparsity, the AAIs of both the direct common friends and indirect ones are developed. Next, the decision tree (DT) method is constructed to adaptively select the suitable AAIs for the circle structure based on the density of common friends and the dispersion level of common friends' attention. In addition, for the sake of further improving the accuracy of the selected AAI, its complementary AAIs are identified with support vector machine model according to their similarity in value, direction, and ranking. Finally, the mutually complementary indices are combined into a composite one to comprehensively portray the attention distribution of common friends of users in different circles and predict their possible friendships for cross-marketing activities. Experimental results on Twitter and Google+ show that the model has highly reliable prediction performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The optimal treatment modality for sinonasal mucosal melanoma (SNMM) remains controversial. Objectives: To investigate the impact of adjuvant therapy on SNMM. Material and methods: Ninety-two patients were retrospectively analyzed and were grouped into surgery alone (SA), surgery plus radiotherapy (SR), surgery plus chemotherapy (SC) and surgery plus radiochemotherapy (SRC) groups. Survival outcomes among different treatment modalities were analyzed using the Kaplan–Meier method and log-rank test. Results: Twenty-nine patients (31.5%) developed local recurrence, 10 patients (10.9%) had nodal metastasis, and 41 patients (44.6%) had distant metastasis. The overall survival time (OS) for SA, SR and SRC were 16, 29 and 27 months, respectively, and the disease-free survival time (DFS) were 10, 16 and 16 months, respectively. Significant differences were found between SA and SR (OS: p =.003; DFS: p =.016) and SA and SRC (OS: p =.002; DFS: p =.008). Superior outcomes were also found in SRC group compared to that in SA group for both OS (15 vs. 27 months, p =.012) and DFS (10 vs. 20 months, p =.017) in endoscopic approach. Conclusions and significance: SNMM had poor prognosis with high rates of local recurrence and metastasis. Adjuvant therapy improved survival outcomes for SNMM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Precipitation plays vital roles in the worldwide hydrological cycles. Gridded precipitation estimates with finer spatio-temporal resolutions are critical in various application fields. In this study, we focused on obtaining downscaled precipitation estimates (approximately1 km) at daily scale over the Tibetan Plateau (TP), which was considered as a great challenge in previous downscaling studies. To meet this challenge, a new approach, incorporating geographically ratio analysis (GRA) and spatially weighted moving window technique, was proposed. The performances of the downscaled results and those of TRMM Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA) data were evaluated against point-based ground observations. The results indicated that: (1) the monthly downscaled results (R2 around 0.70, bias around 10%) outperformed TMPA 3B43 data (R2 around 0.55, bias around 25%) against ground observations; (2) the performances of the daily downscaled results (R2 around 0.65, bias around 10%) were better than those of the TMPA 3B42 data (R2 around 0.50, bias around 28%); and (3) the anomalies in the TMPA data did not exist in the downscaled results based on the proposed approach. Therefore, the proposed approach was suitable for obtaining both monthly and daily downscaled results based on TMPA data over the TP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Skull base osteoradionecrosis is a devastating post-irradiation complication in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients. We conducted a retrospective analysis to assess the long-term survival and prognostic factors of patients with skull base osteoradionecrosis treated with endoscopic sequestrectomy.Methods: We enrolled 59 nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients with skull base osteoradionecrosis who underwent endoscopic nasopharyngectomy. The clinical characteristics and outcome at the last follow-up visit were collected. The survival curve and univariate and multivariate survival analysis were analyzed by Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards model to analyze the potential prognostic factors of overall survival, including age, gender, number of radiation, number of operations, extension of disease (local or extensive), whether the ICA is exposed to the procedure (yes or no) and the hypha status (yes or no) at postoperative pathological examination.Results: The predilection sites of skull base osteoradionecrosis in osteoradionecrosis patients are as follows: the base of the sphenoid bone and sphenoid sinus region, the clivus and petrous apex region including the internal carotid canal and the pterygoid process region (including its medial and lateral pterygoid plates). After surgery, clinical symptoms were alleviated in most patients to varying degrees. By the last follow-up visit, 26 patients had died. Most deaths (24) in the study occurred during the first 2 years. Most patients (24) died of sudden severe hemorrhage. The follow-up period ranged from 1 to 108 months, with a median of 27 months. The 2-year overall survival rate was 54.2%. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the number of radiation (P = 0.026) and age (P = 0.002) were independent risk factors for the overall survival.Conclusions: Endoscopic sequestrectomy with minimal complications and clear vision is a valuable option for the therapy of skull base osteoradionecrosis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to investigate the solubilization effect and action mode of octenyl succinic anhydride (OSA) modified starches with different amylose and amylopectin compositions on hesperetin (HTN), four OSA-esterified corn starches (OSAS) were prepared using the aqueous phase method. Results revealed that all OSAS could improve the solubility of HTN. OSA-High amylose starch (OSA-HAS) had the best solubility for HTN, nearly fivefold that of free HTN, while OSA-Waxy starch (OSA-WS) had the least solubility for HTN, only twofold that of free HTN. Furthermore, FT-IR, XRD, DSC, and 1H NMR demonstrated the formation of complexes and the interactions between OSAS and HTN in the complexes. The results of DSC revealed that HTN and OSAS formed complexes with greater thermal stability. 1H NMR disclosed that the OSA group in the OSA-HAS complex was actively involved in the interaction with HTN. However, in the OSA-WS complex, the starch backbone reacted more with HTN than the OSA group. This study expanded the knowledge on solubilizing HTN by OSA-modified starch and promoted the development of efficient solubilizing or delivery carriers for HTN, thus contributing to the sufficient utilization of citrus flavonoids. [Display omitted] • OSA-modified starches with different compositions enhanced hesperetin's solubility. • OSA-High amylose (OSA-HAS) solubilized hesperetin most with 5-fold increase. • OSA-Waxy starch (OSA-WS) with lowest amylose solubilized hesperetin least. • OSA group in OSA-HAS was actively involved in the interaction with hesperetin. • Starch backbone reacted more with hesperetin than OSA group in OSA-WS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydroxysteroid sulfotransferase 2B1b (SULT2B1b) sulfates cholesterol and oxysterols. Hepatic oval cells (HOCs), thought to be progenitor cells, can be triggered in chemically injured livers. The present study focused on the role of SULT2B1b in HOC proliferation after liver injury. Our experiments revealed that the expression of SULT2B1b was increased dramatically in a chemical-induced liver injury model, mainly in HOCs. Upon challenge with a hepatotoxic diet containing 0.1 % 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine (DDC), SULT2B1 mice presented alleviated liver injury and less HOC proliferation compared with wild-type (WT) mice, and these findings were verified by serum analysis, histopathology, immunofluorescence staining, RNA-seq, and Western blotting. HOCs derived from SULT2B1 mice showed lower proliferative capability than those from WT mice. SULT2B1b overexpression promoted growth of the WB-F344 hepatic oval cell line, whereas SULT2B1b knockdown inhibited growth of these cells. The IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway also was promoted by SULT2B1b. Liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry indicated that the levels of 22-hydroxycholesterol, 25-hydroxycholesterol, and 24,25-epoxycholesterol were higher in the DDC-injured livers of SULT2B1 mice than in livers of WT mice. The above oxysterols are physiological ligands of liver X receptors (LXRs), and SULT2B1b suppressed oxysterol-induced LXR activation. Additional in vivo and in vitro experiments demonstrated that LXR activation could inhibit HOC proliferation and the IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway, and these effects could be reversed by SULT2B1b. Our data indicate that upregulation of SULT2B1b might promote HOC proliferation and aggravate liver injury via the suppression of oxysterol-induced LXR activation in chemically induced mouse liver injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Purple red rice bran anthocyanins (PRBA) improved intestinal morphology. • PRBA restored the levels of cytokines, endotoxin and lipopolysaccharide binding protein. • PRBA upregulated the expression of tight junction proteins and NF-κB signaling pathway. • PRBA promoted the production of SCFAs and regulated the composition of gut microbiota. The regulatory effects of purple red rice bran anthocyanins (PRBA) on intestinal barrier function and gut microbiota in mice were investigated. Results showed that PRBA had an ameliorative effect on intestinal barrier damage, including restoration of villus length, improvement in the number of cupped cells and promotion of sIgA secretion. PRBA stimulated the production of cytokines, reduced the levels of endotoxin (ET) and lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP) in serum, as well as upregulated the expression of tight junction proteins (TJs) and NF-κB pathway proteins. Furthermore, PRBA not only promoted the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), but also regulated the intestinal microbiota by increasing beneficial bacteria (Lachnospiraceae , Bacteroidaceae , Ruminococcaceae) and reducing pathogenic bacteria (Shigella) to maintained intestinal homeostasis. Above results indicated that PRBA could ameliorate cyclophosphamide-induced impairment of intestinal barrier function and dysregulation of the gut microbiota, which provides a new idea for broadening the exploitation of PRBA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The properties of polysaccharides are closely related to their extraction and preparation methods. However, studies on the effect of alkali concentration on the properties of polysaccharides during alkali extraction are scarce. In this study, three alkali-extracted polysaccharides from mung bean skin (MBP) by different alkali concentrations (0.5%, 1.0%, 2.0%, w/v, MBP 0.5 , MBP 1.0 and MBP 2.0) were successfully obtained. The effects of alkali concentration on the extraction rate, microstructure, rheological properties, antioxidant activity and cell proliferation activity of MBP were investigated. The results showed that the alkali extraction method can break the ester and hydrogen bonds between polysaccharides, thus three alkali-extracted polysaccharides had higher extraction yields than polysaccharide extracted by hot water (MBP W), and MBP 1.0 extraction rate of 3.64%. Moreover, comparing with MBP W , three alkali-extracted polysaccharides had lower molecular weights, particle sizes and better thermal stability. In addition, MBP 0.5 had better antioxidant activity due to its higher galacturonic acid content and lower molecular weight, MBP 1.0 and MBP 2.0 had a tight structure, flat surface, resulting in a strong gel network structure. Cell experiments showed that MBPs had different degrees of proliferative effects on RAW264.7 and L-02. This study will provide some research ideas for the extraction of plant polysaccharides by alkaline methods. [Display omitted] • Three alkali-extracted polysaccharides were successfully prepared from mung bean skin. • The composition and surface morphology of the polysaccharide changed after alkali-extracted. • MBP 0.5 had better antioxidant activity due to its higher uronic acid content and lower molecular weight. • MBP 1.0 and MBP 2.0 had a tight structure, flat surface, resulting in a strong gel network structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Mesona chinensis Benth polysaccharide (MP) regulated oxidative stress and recovered mitochondrial function in L02 cells. • MP attenuates H 2 O 2 -induced cellular oxidative damage possibly via modulation of PI3K, MAPK and mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis signaling pathways. • MP may be used as a functional food targeted to overcome oxidative damage-involved chronic diseases. The homeostasis of oxidative stress is vital to the physiological behavior of normal human or animal cells, and its underlying molecular mechanism is contributed to the exploitation of functional food used in chronic diseases. Thus, the mechanism of protective effect of Mesona chinensis Benth polysaccharides (MP) in H 2 O 2 -induced oxidative damage was investigated thoroughly. Results showed that MP significantly recovered cell viability and elevated activity of antioxidant enzymes. Based on RNA-seq analysis, we found that MP mainly exhibited protection effect thought regulation mitochondrial function and affect PI3K and MAPK signaling pathways. Furthermore, we found that MP affected mitochondrial function via improved mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), thereby elevating ATP biosynthesis. Moreover, western blot analysis verified that MP mitigated H 2 O 2 -induced oxidative damage via PI3K/Akt, MAPK, and mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis signaling pathway. These findings provided a possible mechanism for MP on preventing and treating chronic diseases involved in oxidative stress, which was a benefit for development of functional food. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]