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The electroencephalogram (EEG) is a fundamental tool in the diagnosis and classification of epilepsy. In particular, Interictal Epileptiform Discharges (IEDs) reflect an increased likelihood of seizures and are routinely assessed by visual analysis of the EEG. Visual assessment is, however, time consuming and prone to subjectivity, leading to a high misdiagnosis rate and motivating the development of automated approaches. Research towards automating IED detection started 45 years ago. Approaches range from mimetic methods to deep learning techniques. We review different approaches to IED detection, discussing their performance and limitations. Traditional machine learning and deep learning methods have yielded the best results so far and their application in the field is still growing. Standardization of datasets and outcome measures is necessary to compare models more objectively and decide which should be implemented in a clinical setting.

Mestrado Bolonha em Marketing O processo de unfollow a social media influencers (SMI) no Instagram tem uma crescente importância para consumidores e marcas. Este trabalho aborda (1) os motivos que desencadeiam o processo de unfollow a SMI, (2) a perceção da existência de uma parassocial relationship como impulsionadora do unfollow a SMI, (3) o papel do engagement com o SMI no unfollow e (4) a existência de uma relação entre os motivos de follow e os de unfollow a um SMI. Utiliza-se uma abordagem qualitativa, num estudo mono-método com vinte entrevistas semiestruturadas a indivíduos conscientes do conceito de marketing de influência, que tenham praticado a ação de unfollow a um SMI e sem atividade profissional relacionada com o marketing de influência. Os resultados revelaram que (1) a credibilidade e a autenticidade do SMI são afetadas quando os consumidores observam um perfil focado em comunicações publicitárias, o que influencia o processo de decisão de unfollow, (2) a parassocial relationship não influencia a decisão de unfollow, uma vez que os consumidores estão cientes de que a relação com o SMI no Instagram é unidirecional, (3) a falta de identificação com o SMI, a perda de entusiasmo e conexão perante o conteúdo do mesmo, desencadeiam falta de absorção da mensagem, o que antecede de forma decisiva o unfollow e (4) tanto no momento de follow como no de unfollow, os consumidores privilegiam a partilha de momentos reais, positivos e negativos da vida do SMI. Este estudo suporta a literatura sobre plataformas de social media e marketing de influência e aprofunda o processo de unfollow a SMI no Instagram. A nível empresarial, o estudo auxilia as equipas de gestão de marcas nas decisões de investimento, sugerindo uma perspetiva de congruência e de elevada autonomia na mensagem do SMI e de concentração em estratégias de triangulação de media. The process of unfollowing social media influencers (SMI) on Instagram is increasingly important to consumers and brands. This paper discusses (1) the reasons that trigger the process of unfollowing an SMI, (2) the perceived existence of a parasocial relationship as a driver of unfollowing an SMI, (3) the role of engagement with the SMI in the unfollow, and (4) the existence of a relationship between the reasons for following and unfollowing an SMI. It uses a qualitative approach in a single-method study with twenty semi-structured interviews with individuals who are aware of the concept of influence marketing, have practised the action of unfollowing an SMI, and have no professional activity related to influence marketing. The results revealed that (1) the credibility and authenticity of an SMI are affected when consumers observe a profile focused on advertising communications, having a strong influence on the unfollow decision process, (2) the parassocial relationship does not present a decisive role in unfollowing, since consumers are aware that a relationship with an SMI on Instagram is unidirectional, (3) the lack of identification with the SMI, the loss of enthusiasm and connection regarding its content, trigger lack of absorption of the message, being decisive components and predecessors of the unfollow and (4) in both follow and unfollow, consumers favour SMIs that show their real life, with real moments, positive and negative. The study supported the literature on social media platforms and influencer marketing and furthered the process of unfollowing SMI on Instagram. At the corporate level, the study assists brand management teams in investment decisions by suggesting a perspective of congruence and high autonomy in SMI messages and focusing on media triangulation strategies. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

© 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by- nc-nd/4.0/)., Chronic adolescent cannabinoid receptor agonist exposure has been shown to lead to persistent increases in depressive-like behaviors. This has been a key obstacle to the development of cannabinoid-based therapeutics. However, most of the published work has been performed with only three compounds, namely Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol, CP55,940 and WIN55,212-2. Hypothesizing that different compounds may lead to distinct outcomes, we herein used the highly potent CB1R/CB2R full agonist HU-210, and first aimed at replicating cannabinoid-induced long-lasting effects, by exposing adolescent female Sprague-Dawley rats to increasing doses of HU-210, for 11 days and testing them at adulthood, after a 30-day drug washout. Surprisingly, HU-210 did not significantly impact adult anxious- or depressive-like behaviors. We then tested whether chronic adolescent HU-210 treatment resulted in short-term (24h) alterations in depressive-like behavior. Remarkably, HU-210 treatment simultaneously induced marked antidepressant- and prodepressant-like responses, in the modified forced swim (mFST) and sucrose preference tests (SPT), respectively. Hypothesizing that mFST results were a misleading artifact of HU-210-induced behavioral hyperreactivity to stress, we assessed plasmatic noradrenaline and corticosterone levels, under basal conditions and following an acute swim-stress episode. Notably, we found that while HU-210 did not alter basal noradrenaline or corticosterone levels, it greatly augmented the stress-induced increase in both. Our results show that, contrary to previously studied cannabinoid receptor agonists, HU-210 does not induce persisting depressive-like alterations, despite inducing marked short-term increases in stress-induced reactivity. By showing that not all cannabinoid receptor agonists may induce long-term negative effects, these results hold significant relevance for the development of cannabinoid-based therapeutics., Work was supported by project funding from Fundação para a Ciência e para a Tecnologia (FCT) (PTDC/MED-FAR/30933/2017 and PTDC/MED-FAR/4834/2021) and by H2020-WIDESPREAD-05-2017-Twinning (EpiEpinet) under grant agreement No. 952455. MF-F (SFRH/BD/147505/2019), NR (PD/BD/113463/2015), JF-G (PD/BD/114441/2016) and CM-L (SFRH/BD/118238/2016) are supported by PhD fellowships from FCT. The funding sources had no involvement in study design, preparation of the manuscript, or decision regarding its submission.

Esta dissertação pretende analisar o espaço existente para uma editora feminista no mercado editorial português, partindo de uma observação das mudanças socioeconómicas por que a indústria da edição tem passado e de como estas podem influenciar diretamente a própria função do editor. Dá, também, particular atenção à evolução das editoras independentes que, quando deixaram de ser a norma, tornaram-se subversivas na sua ética de trabalho e no seu catálogo. A edição feminista surge como o ponto de encontro entre estas mutações e as grandes temáticas do Feminismo. Desde as revistas criadas pelas primeiras sufragistas, as editoras feministas têm sido uma grande ferramenta para a proliferação das problemáticas do movimento. Com a comercialização e concentração do mercado editorial, no último século, estas editoras – maioritariamente independentes – tiveram o seu espaço no mercado reduzido e mais fragilizado. Analisa-se o seu trabalho de edição, considerando as parcialidades que o influenciam, como um ato de luta feminista e contra os problemas estruturais do mercado. Faz-se também um estudo de caso da Sibila Publicações, fundada por Inês Pedrosa e Gilson Lopes em 2017, cujo trabalho se tem focado na publicação de textos feministas previamente desconhecidos, ou já esquecidos, em Portugal. Esta editora, independente e feminista, mostra-se como o melhor exemplo português de como o mercado deixa pouco espaço para o crescimento de uma pequena editora. This dissertation intends to analyse the existing space for a feminist publishing in the Portuguese publishing market, from an observation of the social-economic changes that the publishing industry has been through and how they can directly influence an editor’s job. It also gives particular attention to the evolution of independent publishers that, when they stopped being the norm, became subversive in their ethics and in their catalogues. Feminist publishing is, then, the meeting point between these changes and the most important feminist themes. Since magazines published by suffragettes, feminist publishers have been a great tool for the spreading of the movement’s problematics. With the commercialization and concentration of the publishing market, these publishers – mostly independent – had their space in the market reduced and fragilized. Their editing is analysed, considering the partialities it’s influenced by, as a feminist fight as well as a fight against the industries’ structural problems. There’s also a case study of Sibila Publicações, founded by Inês Pedrosa and Gilson Lopes in 2017, whose work has been focused on the publication of unknown or forgotten feminist texts. This publisher, both independent and feminist, presents itself as the best Portuguese example of how the industry leaves very little growing space for a small publisher.

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Os detergentes de lavagem manual de loiça são produtos químicos, muito utilizados no nosso quotidiano, para limpeza e higienização de uma grande variedade de superfícies, de forma rápida e eficaz. Estes detergentes possuem caraterísticas físico-químicas, tais como pH e viscosidade que determinam a sua qualidade e, como tal, necessitam de monitorização e controlo durante o processo de produção. Alguns dos detergentes de lavagem manual de loiça produzidos pela empresa Mistolin apresentam uma viscosidade crescente ao longo do seu tempo de vida útil, traduzindo-se em reclamações dos consumidores quanto à consistência e consequente dificuldade de manuseamento dos referidos produtos. Por este motivo, surgiu a necessidade de avaliar o comportamento de cinco diferentes formulações de detergentes lava-loiça, tanto concentrados como diluídos, relativamente aos parâmetros de viscosidade e pH, para diferentes temperaturas de armazenamento, de modo a mimetizar possíveis condições extremas de acondicionamento dos produtos após expedição para o mercado. Durante oito semanas foram feitas medições de pH e viscosidade para cada uma das formulações em estudo para diferentes temperaturas de armazenamento nomeadamente, a 4, 25 e 40 oC. Verificou-se que o pH das formulações, com exceção da formulação designada por D2, varia dentro de um intervalo estipulado para cada detergente, e que independentemente da temperatura de armazenamento, as formulações são estáveis quanto ao parâmetro de pH. Relativamente à viscosidade, este parâmetro aumenta ao longo do tempo para a temperatura de armazenamento de 40 ºC, para todas as formulações com exceção de uma (formulação D2), dando a indicação que o uso de diferentes misturas de tensioativos nas formulações, bem como a sua concentração e o aumento da temperatura podem atuar sinergicamente para o aumento da viscosidade do detergente lava-loiça. A formulação do detergente lava-loiça D2 provou não ser estável ao longo do tempo, em termos de pH e viscosidade, possivelmente devido ao elevado rácio sal/tensioativo presente na sua constituição. Por DLS classificaram-se as micelas como estruturas micelares simples, de tamanho reduzido, cujo tamanho médio para todas as formulações, com exceção da D2, é relativamente estável ao longo do tempo. Os ensaios reológicos mostraram que as formulações em estudo apresentam um comportamento não-newtoniano independente do tempo, sendo estes denominados como pseudoplásticos e também como líquidos viscoelásticos. Hand dishwashing detergents are chemical products, widely used in our daily lives, for cleaning and sanitizing a wide variety of surfaces quickly and effectively. These detergents have physicochemical characteristics such as pH and viscosity that determine their quality and, as such, require monitoring and control during the production process. Some of the hand dishwashing detergents produced by Mistolin show an increasing viscosity over their shelf life, resulting in consumer complaints regarding consistency and consequent difficulty in handling these products. For this reason, arised the need to evaluate the behavior of five different formulations of dishwasher detergents, both concentrated and diluted, regarding viscosity and pH parameters, for different storage temperatures, in order to mimic possible extreme packaging conditions of the products after shipment to the market. During eight weeks, pH and viscosity measurements were made for each one of the formulations under study for different storage temperatures, namely at 4, 25 and 40 ºC. It was found that the pH of the formulations, with the exception of the formulation designated as D2, varies within a stipulated range for each detergent, and that regardless of the storage temperature, the formulations are stable with respect to pH parameter. Regarding viscosity, this parameter increases over time for the storage temperature of 40 ºC, for all but one formulation (formulation D2), indicating that the use of different surfactant mixtures in the formulations, as well as their concentration along with the increase in temperature can act synergistically to increase the viscosity of the dishwashing detergent. The dishwashing detergent formulation D2, proved not to be stable over time in terms of pH and viscosity, possibly due to the high salt-to-surfactant ratio present in its constitution. By DLS the micelles were classified as simple, small-sized micellar structures, whose average size for all formulations except D2 is relatively stable over time. The rheological tests showed that the formulations under study present a non-Newtonian time-independent behavior, being named as pseudoplastic and also as viscoelastic liquids. Mestrado em Engenharia Química

Mestrado em Engenharia Agronómica / Instituto Superior de Agronomia. Universidade de Lisboa Em Portugal, o figueiral apresenta alguns pontos fracos como a fertilização inadequada, baixas produções e baixa qualidade dos frutos. Esta dissertação estuda o desempenho de duas cultivares ‘Figo Preto de Torres Novas’ e ‘Pingo de Mel’, plantadas em Dordia da Casa e Dordia da Aroeira na região de Torres Novas, na sua resposta a dois tipos de fertilização, a do agricultor (tradicional) e outra com base na análise foliar, na análise de solos e na produção esperada (racional). Procedeu-se à avaliação do impacto das modalidades na produção e qualidade dos frutos através da cor, peso, altura e calibre. Além disso, foi medido o grau Brix e a consistência do figo. Nas duas variedades em estudo não existiram diferenças entre modalidades na análise de solo e foliar, contudo, numa análise geral das médias o ‘Pingo de Mel’ apresentou carências de magnésio, boro, potássio, magnésio e cálcio. O ‘Pingo de Mel’ apresentou tonalidade mais esverdeada no tradicional e os figos são mais claros no racional. No ‘Figo Preto de Torres Novas’ obtiveram-se, figos 2,7 mm superiores no calibre e 4 g mais pesados, no racional. A produção no ‘Pingo de Mel’ foi superior no figo fresco (14 t ha-1). No pomar da Dordia da Aroeira não se verificou influencia das modalidades. Na Dordia da Casa, a fertilização tradicional registou mais 2000 kg do que a fertilização racional. As produções desta variedade em 2018 foram inferiores às de 2021 tanto no figo fresco, como no figo seco. A produção no ‘Figo Preto de Torres Novas’ na soma das três colheitas para o figo fresco foi superior no racional em 3000 kg e 8000 kg na Dordia da Aroeira e Dordia da Casa, respetivamente. No figo seco, a modalidade racional foi superior em 1000 kg na Dordia da Aroeira e 3000 kg na Dordia da Casa em relação ao tradicional. A produção aumentou ao longo dos quatro anos e foi superior no figo fresco N/A

© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)., The increasing consumption of sugar and fat seen over the last decades and the consequent overweight and obesity, were recently linked with a deleterious effect on cognition and synaptic function. A major question, which remains to be clarified, is whether obesity in the elderly is an additional risk factor for cognitive impairment. We aimed at unravelling the impact of a chronic high caloric diet (HCD) on memory performance and synaptic plasticity in aged rats. Male rats were kept on an HCD or a standard diet (control) from 1 to 24 months of age. The results showed that under an HCD, aged rats were obese and displayed significant long-term recognition memory impairment when compared to age-matched controls. Ex vivo synaptic plasticity recorded from hippocampal slices from HCD-fed aged rats revealed a reduction in the magnitude of long-term potentiation, accompanied by a decrease in the levels of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptors TrkB full-length (TrkB-FL). No alterations in neurogenesis were observed, as quantified by the density of immature doublecortin-positive neurons in the hippocampal dentate gyrus. This study highlights that obesity induced by a chronic HCD exacerbates age-associated cognitive decline, likely due to impaired synaptic plasticity, which might be associated with deficits in TrkB-FL signaling., This research was funded by Santa Casa da Misericórdia de Lisboa—MB37-2017; Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT)—IF/01227/2015; and it received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 952455. Researchers were supported by the following: S.L.P.—FCT (PD/BD/150341/2019); C.M.-L.—FCT (SFRH/BD/118238/2016) and Universidade de Lisboa (BD2015); R.F.B.—FCT (PD/BD/114337/2016); R.S.R.—FCT (SFRH/BD/129710/2017); S.R.T.—FCT (SFRH/BD/128091/2016).

The presentcase study analyses the Portuguese publicdebt management during theEuropeanSovereign debtcrisis, namely the decisions undertook by the Government and by the Portuguese Debt Management Agency.On April 6th,2011, Portugal requestedofficial financial assistance, beginning a three-year period in which market access was severely constrained.This case studyfocus onthe behaviourof relevant parameters,such as the evolution of yieldsand spreads for Government bonds, the shareof public debt held by domestic and non-domestic investors through time, the progressionof Portuguese debt ratings and thecomposition of the stock of public debt.

Interictal Epileptiform Discharge (IED) detection in EEG signals is widely used in the diagnosis of epilepsy. Visual analysis of EEGs by experts remains the gold standard, outperforming current computer algorithms. Deep learning methods can be an automated way to perform this task. We trained a VGG network using 2-s EEG epochs from patients with focal and generalized epilepsy (39 and 40 patients, respectively, 1977 epochs total) and 53 normal controls (110770 epochs). Five-fold cross-validation was performed on the training set. Model performance was assessed on an independent set (734 IEDs from 20 patients with focal and generalized epilepsy and 23040 normal epochs from 14 controls). Network visualization techniques (filter visualization and occlusion) were applied. The VGG yielded an Area Under the ROC Curve (AUC) of 0.96 (95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 0.95 − 0.97). At 99% specificity, the sensitivity was 79% and only one sample was misclassified per two minutes of analyzed EEG. Filter visualization showed that filters from higher level layers display patches of activity indicative of IED detection. Occlusion showed that the model correctly identified IED shapes. We show that deep neural networks can reliably identify IEDs, which may lead to a fundamental shift in clinical EEG analysis.

Copyright © 2019 Mouro, Miranda-Lourenço, Sebastião and Diógenes. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms., Rett syndrome (RTT) is an X-linked neurodevelopmental disorder caused mainly by mutations in the MECP2 gene, being one of the leading causes of mental disability in females. Mutations in the MECP2 gene are responsible for 95% of the diagnosed RTT cases and the mechanisms through which these mutations relate with symptomatology are still elusive. Children with RTT present a period of apparent normal development followed by a rapid regression in speech and behavior and a progressive deterioration of motor abilities. Epilepsy is one of the most common symptoms in RTT, occurring in 60 to 80% of RTT cases, being associated with worsening of other symptoms. At this point, no cure for RTT is available and there is a pressing need for the discovery of new drug candidates to treat its severe symptoms. However, despite being a rare disease, in the last decade research in RTT has grown exponentially. New and exciting evidence has been gathered and the etiopathogenesis of this complex, severe and untreatable disease is slowly being unfolded. Advances in gene editing techniques have prompted cure-oriented research in RTT. Nonetheless, at this point, finding a cure is a distant reality, highlighting the importance of further investigating the basic pathological mechanisms of this disease. In this review, we focus our attention in some of the newest evidence on RTT clinical and preclinical research, evaluating their impact in RTT symptomatology control, and pinpointing possible directions for future research., FM was in receipt of a fellowship (IMM/CT/8-2018). The authors would like to thank the following organizations for their funding: AdoRett – LISBOA-01-0145-FEDER-031929; the Association Française du Syndrome de Rett Program “Educação pela Ciência” | Bolsas CHLN/FMUL; GAPIC. Project No. 20190017; Twinning action (SynaNet) from the EU H2020 Programme; and the UID/BIM/50005/2019, project financed by the FCT/Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior (MCTES), through the Fundos do Orçamento de Estado.