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The purpose of this study was to examine featured articles ("n" = 376) and authors ("n" = 415) published in the "American String Teacher" from 2000 through 2019. Articles were coded into 1 of 24 categories using a researcher-designed codebook based on article content. Authors were coded into one of four professional position categories based on information provided in their biographies and by gender based on included pronouns. Article content codes with the highest overall percentages included profession (14.86%), instrument pedagogy (13.83%), and repertoire/instructional materials (11.44%). Within the instrument pedagogy category, articles that primarily focused on violin (23.08%) were the most common, and those focused on the guitar (3.85%) and harp (1.92%) were the least common. Article content codes with the lowest overall percentages included exceptional learners (0.53%), assessment (0.53%), and administration/business (0.80%). Authors were primarily men ("n" = 53.49%) and held positions in higher education ("n" = 54.22%). A significant negative trend was found for authors categorized as applied arts, where applied arts authors decreased from 23.81% in 2000 to 21.74% in 2019.

Eosinophils have a broad range of functions, both homeostatic and pathological, mediated through an array of cell surface receptors and specific secretory granules that promote interactions with their microenvironment. Eosinophil development, differentiation, activation, survival and recruitment are closely regulated by a number of type 2 cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-5, the key driver of eosinophilopoiesis. Evidence shows that type 2 inflammation, driven mainly by interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5 and IL-13, plays an important role in the pathophysiology of eosinophilic airway diseases, including asthma, chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis and hypereosinophilic syndrome. Several biologic therapies have been developed to suppress type 2 inflammation, namely mepolizumab, reslizumab, benralizumab, dupilumab, omalizumab and tezepelumab. While these therapies have been associated with clinical benefits in a range of eosinophilic diseases, their development has highlighted several challenges and directions for future research. These include the need for further information on disease progression and identification of treatable traits, including clinical characteristics or biomarkers that will improve the prediction of treatment response. The Nordic countries have a long tradition of collaboration using patient registries and Nordic asthma registries provide unique opportunities to address these research questions. One example of such a registry is the NORdic Dataset for aSThmA Research (NORDSTAR), a longitudinal population-based dataset containing all 3.3 million individuals with asthma from four Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden). Large-scale, real-world registry data such as those from Nordic countries may provide important information regarding the progression of eosinophilic asthma, in addition to clinical characteristics or biomarkers that could allow targeted treatment and ensure optimal patient outcomes.

The purpose of this study was to examine featured articles (n = 376) and authors (n = 415) published in the American String Teacher from 2000 through 2019. Articles were coded into 1 of 24 categories using a researcher-designed codebook based on article content. Authors were coded into one of four professional position categories based on information provided in their biographies and by gender based on included pronouns. Article content codes with the highest overall percentages included profession (14.86%), instrument pedagogy (13.83%), and repertoire/instructional materials (11.44%). Within the instrument pedagogy category, articles that primarily focused on violin (23.08%) were the most common, and those focused on the guitar (3.85%) and harp (1.92%) were the least common. Article content codes with the lowest overall percentages included exceptional learners (0.53%), assessment (0.53%), and administration/business (0.80%). Authors were primarily men (n = 53.49%) and held positions in higher education (n = 54.22%). A significant negative trend was found for authors categorized as applied arts, where applied arts authors decreased from 23.81% in 2000 to 21.74% in 2019. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents pressure drops and heat transfer rates for compact heat exchangers, where the heat exchangers are angled 90°, 60°, 30° and 10° relative to the incoming airflow. The investigation is based on two heat exchangers with different thicknesses, 19mm and 52mm. The experiments were performed for five airflow rates and five coolant flow rates, where the inlet temperature of the coolant was defined to two temperatures; ambient temperature and 90°C. The test set-up is defined as having a constant cross-section area for 90°, 60° and 30° angles, resulting in a larger core area and a lower airspeed through the core, for a more inclined heat exchanger. The investigation showed that the more inclined heat exchangers resulted in lower static pressure drops and at the same time achieved higher heat transfer rates, for a specific mass airflow rate.

This article aims to contribute to our understanding of how moral aspects of parents' choices of preschool play a part in the processes of marketisation and privatisation of childcare in Sweden. The paper explores parents' narratives of preschool choice as moral claims of parental identities. The analysed data are based on a study of how parents make sense of their preschool choice during life-story interviews. Our results point out good parenting as having to do with "making distinctions" between what is "good and bad" and "right and wrong" regardless of whether the choices concern preschools or the behaviour of preschool teachers and parents. Culturally available discourses become visible through the making of these distinctions in ways that ultimately point to the subject position of "parents as particular choosers" as related to a prevailing discourse of parental responsibility.

An increasingly important part of the work of preschool staff in Sweden today is to present their activities outwardly, including producing and presenting "quality accounts" of their activities and making them visible to a public audience. To grasp the local narratives, interviews were conducted with a few teachers and their school leader, aiming to describe how they reason about the work of formulating their activities in publicly accessible documents, and the consequences of this work. Theoretical concepts used for analysis and conclusions are "performativity," which views performances as a means of control and change, and "institutional narratives," as means to understand the effects of the local context on how activities and teaching are performed. Results show that the staff find and discuss detours in the presentation of their activities, where possible failings are made opaque. Paradoxically, such "detour actions" will at the same time be disciplinary as the teachers adjust to the logic of performativity. Implications for policy and practice are discussed.

This article contains results from a study based on locally produced planning and evaluation texts from 10 preschool settings in a Swedish middle-sized town. The texts were mainly from 1999 to 2005, a period during which Swedish preschools were implementing their first curriculum and were subject to several changes including decentralisation, marketisation and competition which taken together brought new demands on visibility. The overarching aim is to investigate and describe the meaning of content and formulations in the texts in relation to the teachers' professionalism in this era of performativity. The texts were analysed as institutional narratives that underline what the preschool is and ought to be and we thereby regard the texts as governing. Analyses based on the theoretical concepts of technologies and positioning not only show how the teachers are simultaneously controlled and control themselves by the descriptions in the texts, but also how they position themselves as highly professional and present resistance to the control. One conclusion drawn from the analyses is that the profession of the teacher is changing and a new way of being professional might be to be good at positioning oneself. (Contains 4 notes.)

The article discusses how children make use of their preschool context in order to withdraw. Ethnographic observations were made of two-to five-year-old children's interactions during free play and teacher-led activities in the preschool, and documentation was carried out through field notes and video recordings. The empirical material was analysed using Corsaro's theory on children's peer cultures. Results show that children, in their peer cultures, construct withdrawal strategies--"making oneself inaccessible" and "creating and protecting shared hidden spaces"--by making use of the preschool's organization of time and space. (Contains 1 note.)

This article reports an ethnographic study of pre-school children's social knowledge domains. Results show how the children's shared knowledge concerning social status and social differentiation in the group was strengthened and confirmed during a traditional teacher-led ring game, where they were supposed to choose a friend. We suggest that from the perspective of the children, the game situation may be understood as, at the same time, a space of participation and an arena for establishing the power order. From the perspective of the teacher, pedagogical intentions may be challenged as they encounter and are mediated and interpreted by children's peer-cultures.

This study discusses how children make use of the content in play to get a superior status position in their peer-culture and looks at some implications for values education. Observations of children age three to six years were made during their free playtime in pre-school, and both field notes and videotape recording were used for data collection. Analysis of content in children's peer-cultures was carried out through Corsaro's perspective of interpretive reproduction. The social structure in children's peer-culture is of great importance, and by interpreting communication in play, strategies were found that developed status positions. Results showed that pre-school children both make use of and contribute to attitudes and values of inequality and justice.

This article argues the need to examine communication in joint play situations rather than individual assessments in solitary play situations when children's development is focused. Informed by Bakhtin's dialogical and Moscovici's interactionist perspectives, observations were made of the interaction between two girls, aged 3 1/2 and 4, playing at holding a funeral ceremony, in the setting of a Swedish pre-school. The analysis shows that new knowledge occurred through negotiations of appropriate actions in play. The children's interactions resulted in shared meaning-making of the funeral as a ritual of revival.

The article offers suggestions for music teachers for a successful job transition and also to strengthen relationships with their students. It mentions need to connect with experienced students to build trust; and recommendation to communicate with students about their goals in orchestra to understand their mindset in the classroom. It also suggests creating an orchestra social committee to organize music events.

We were interested in middle and high school string musicians' reports of how they spend their practice time and how often they use specific practice strategies. These 211 middle and high school participants reported an average of 5.64 years (SD = 2.61) of string playing experience, with an average of about four years of private instruction. Students in the most advanced of three ensembles reported more private lesson instruction than students in the other two ensembles. There were no differences in how students in the three groups rated the occurrence of the following strategies: self-recording of practice, varying articulations, varying rhythms, left-hand only practice, and right-hand articulation practice. Advanced students reported significantly more: listening to recordings, using a metronome, isolating shifts, repeating of short sections, part marking in general and marking half steps. Students made frequent comments regarding strategies used to improve intonation, such as use of a drone, practice with a tuner, and using open strings as a reference. When asked to provide advice to a peer, the most frequent advice was to practice slowly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New automated intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) sensors and processing technologies provide access to ever increasing amounts of intelligence data. Effectively managing these technologies represents a profound system of systems challenge. In this study, we use system dynamics simulation to analyze and assess processing, exploitation, and dissemination (PED) system performance across a range of task areas for converting collected sensor data into information and intelligence. The resulting recommendations identify emerging research, technologies, and support tools than can improve future military PED system design and performance. The analytic approach used in this study involved three tasks. First, work domain analysis based on recent PED research and doctrinal reviews were combined with knowledge gleaned from interviews with subject matter experts to identify patterns of cognitive work and categorize emerging PED system challenges. Second, we searched for an appropriate methodology and chose to take a system dynamics (SD) analysis approach to explore these challenges. This SD approach was then extended based on Cognitive Systems Engineering [6] insights and applied in a limited and controlled operational scenario to verify its efficacy. The outputs from the SD simulation were then used to identify initial findings for further analysis coupled with a CSE work domain analysis to provide a basis for future support technology research and development recommendations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artificial head recordings are commonly used to measure and evaluate sound quality. In sound quality assessments, spatial qualities are crucial both for correct localization and separation of sources. Changes in locations of the source and/or the receiver will alter the character of the sound since the binaural transfer functions will alter. However, in complex environments (i.e. not free field conditions) such as a car compartment, the required accuracy in positioning of sources and receivers can not be drawn from previous studies of localization blur. Therefore, examples of automotive sounds were reproduced through a loudspeaker in a source position outside a car and recorded with an artificial head inside the car. Changes in perceived sound character caused by displacements of either the source or the receiver position were studied through a listening test. Just noticeable displacements were determined and perceived differences compared to a reference position were rated. In addition, binaural transmissibility functions of airborne sounds were measured and compared with the listening test results. The results showed that artificial head recordings and measurements of binaural transmissibility functions were affected by small displacements in location of both the source and the receiver. However, it was hard to assess perceived differences from measured binaural transmissibility functions. This highlights the importance of performing listening tests. Based on this study, the recommended maximum inaccuracy in positioning of sources and receivers for binaural measurements in cars is 1 cm, in order to avoid audible effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Examines the use of small silicon pressure transducers for space-time correlation measurements in a flat plate boundary layer. Effectiveness of the pinhole sensors for wall pressure measurements; Spatial extension of the transducer as a key feature in the studies of pressure measurements.