Search

This article analyzes the geoeconomic trade balance of Luzerna, a municipality with a very high industrial concentration on the Electro Metal-Mechanical sector, which stands out for the largest number of Startups per inhabitant in Brazil, in addition to the best school performance of Santa Catarina State. The research is exploratory and documentary, on records of the Municipality and access to secondary data from SECEX and other sources, comprising a database with longitudinal information on the municipality's foreign trade, and high-depth cross-sectional data on industrial production/consumption to a sample of local industries. The main result is a comparative model of the geoeconomic trade balance, with the degree of innovation and the territories of destination and origin of the products sold by Luzerna's cluster. It is concluded for the exceptionality of Luzerna's economy, given the high added value of its exported products, its high complexity and on-board knowledge, and guidelines are proposed for the Innovation Strategy of the territory. Este artigo analisa a balança comercial geoeconômica de Luzerna – SC, município com elevadíssima concentração industrial no setor Eletrometalomecânico que se destaca pelo maior número de Startups/habitante do Brasil, além do melhor IDEB Escolas Municipais de Santa Catarina. A pesquisa é exploratória e documental sobre registros do Executivo Municipal e acesso a dados secundários da SECEX e outras fontes, compondo banco de dados com informações longitudinais do comércio exterior do município e dados transversais de alta profundidade sobre produção/consumo industrial relativos a uma amostra de indústrias locais. O principal resultado é um modelo comparativo da balança comercial geoeconômica, com o grau de inovação e os territórios de destino e origem dos produtos comercializados pelo APL de Luzerna. Conclui-se pela excepcionalidade da economia de Luzerna, dado o elevado valor agregado dos produtos exportados, sua complexidade e o conhecimento embarcado, e propõem-se diretrizes para a Estratégia da Inovação do território.

PhD (Economic and Management Sciences with Business Management Administration), North-West University, Mafikeng Campus South Africa like the rest of the World has three main challenges which is poverty, inequality and unemployment. In South Africa we have the National Local Economic Development Strategy and each and every Province must have the Local Economic Development Strategy. The North West Province is one of the nine Provinces in South Africa and the government has allocated a budget aimed at improving the quality and standard of living for the resident of the North West Province, but there have been some challenges from the residents on delivering of basic services. The study will look at how Local Economic Development Policies have been implemented to improve the lives of the local residents. The aim of the research is to develop a sustainable LED implementation framework for the North West Province, South Africa and looking at other models from other countries on Local Economic Development Policies. This is a quantitative study where a particular area in the North West will be examined through the distribution of questionnaires to the local economic practitioners within government institutions. It is evident that achieving sustainable LED will take time, but will yield positive results for the North West if all variables are considered in an implementation of LED framework for the North West Province, South Africa. Doctoral

The influence of Globalization process on emergence of new development paradigms at global, regional, national and local level is analyzed. Global changes have generated new forms of knowledge management, the production and commercialization relationships have varied, and new interrelations in the lattice of the social life arose. Knowledge management and training become fundamental occupations at all society levels. These new behaviours in productive and services activity forced to the creation of Local Innovation Systems to front the challenges from the new global situation to territory level. Resumen: Se analiza la influencia del proceso de Globalización sobre el surgimiento de nuevos paradigmas de desarrollo a nivel global, regional, nacional y local. Los cambios globales han generado nuevas formas de gestionar el conocimiento, han variado las relaciones de producción, comercialización y han permitido el surgimiento de nuevas interrelaciones en el entramado de la vida social. La gestión del conocimiento y la capacitación se convierten en preocupaciones fundamentales en todos los niveles de la sociedad. Estos nuevos comportamientos en la actividad productiva y de servicios obligaron a la creación de sistemas de innovación local para enfrentar los retos de la nueva situación global a nivel de territorio.

A Local Innovation Systems (LIS) is defined as an innovative network characterized by the heterogeneous nature and the spatial proximity of the actors, presenting a high level of social embeddedness and a base of analytical knowledge. On the other hand, academic research on port community systems considers ports as complex systems where mechanisms of coordination and cooperation between local partners play a crucial role in supporting the competitiveness and the efficiency of the port itself. Few studies have combined to date, the perspective of port community as a complex system with the complex nature of innovation systems. The paper provides an original theoretical framework to study port communities from a local innovation system perspective. In particular, the article investigates the elements of complexity typical of a LIS in the specific case of Port Community Systems. The article will focus on the localised nature of innovation processes within a Port Community System as well as the existence of inter-organizational relationships occurring among actors of heterogeneous nature (i.e. firms, local institutions and research organizations). These relationships will be analysed according to the innovative value of the economic externalities they are able to produce and according to their ability to confer economic value to the results of academic research.

This paper aims to explore the local innovation system's network structure in mature industries and in an emerging economy, by taking empirical evidence from the transport and logistics innovation system in the Campania region (South of Italy). The social network analysis conducted on R&D alliances among a heterogeneous sample of organisations revealed that the Campania LIS in transport and logistics is characterised by a closed network, where brokering positions are mostly undertaken by academic institutions, which is in line with the studies arguing that a closure structure better sustains the conduct of innovation activities.

Na literatura neo-schumpeteriana atual que ressalta o processo de inovação como um fenômeno sistêmico destaque-se uma linha de pesquisa que enfatiza a proximidade geográfica como indutora de processos de aprendizagem virtuosos, capazes de impulsionar a competitividade da firmas, em particular, de suas estratégias tecnológicas. O ambiente local é "aproveitado" pela firma individual conforme suas competências acumuladas e suas estratégias atuais de aprendizado. Nesse artigo, utilizamos uma tabulação especial regionalizada dos dados da Pesquisa brasileira de Inovação Tecnológica (PINTEC, II) para inferir sobre os processos locais de aprendizagem de firmas inovadoras inseridas em 9 (nove) aglomerações produtivas do estado de Santa Catarina. Os resultados apontam a localização como um componente central aos processos de aprendizagem mais virtuosos.

The basis of this paper is to go beyond abstract definitions of what a cluster is, and look at a variety of measurable indicators, to see which can demonstrate the presence of a cluster. The example presented is based on the biotechnology industry in Vancouver, Canada. Biotechnology differs from conventional industries, in that there are few tangible goods or services traded, but rather the basis of value creation is primarily the sale or licensing of intangible intellectual property or the (usually pre-revenue) firms themselves. The two main questions we aim to test are (i) is there a biotechnology cluster in Vancouver, and (ii) what are its inputs, outcomes, and impact on the region? We use data provided from local and federal agencies such as LifeSciences British Columbia and Statistics Canada to compare biotechnology R&D activity across regions, and within the local economy. Our findings indicate that there is significant activity around biotechnology R&D and commercialisation in Vancouver, but no guarantee of the longevity of the innovation system.

Abbey J., Davies G. and Mainwaring L. Vorsprung durch Technium: towards a system of innovation in south-west Wales, Regional Studies. Begun in 2001, Technium is a Welsh university–business interface project presently consisting of ten facilities. Seven of these are jointly managed by the Welsh Development Agency and Swansea University. Taken together with other, linked developments at the university, Technium is helping to generate a distinct sub-regional innovation system incorporating many features that researchers have identified as critical to successful localized collective learning and innovation. A provisional evaluation of costs and benefits suggests that recent criticism of the project is unfounded. With its initial dependence on European Union Structural Funds, the Technium model incorporates design elements that may be appropriate to other relatively deprived regions of the European Union. Abbey J., Davies G. et Mainwaring L. Vorsprung durch Technium: vers un systeme d'innovation dans le Sud-ou...

Tesis Doctoral presentada por Francisco Javier Ortega-Colomer en el Departament de Projectes d’Enginyeria de la Universitat Politècnica de València., [ES]: La presente tesis se encuadra dentro del debate sobre el papel de las universidades en el desarrollo socioeconómico de las regiones. En la primera parte de la tesis se presenta una revisión de la literatura sobre economía regional, centrada en cómo tres conceptos principales –distrito industrial, cluster y sistema local de innovación-- han tratado desde sus respectivos enfoques teóricos, el papel de las instituciones de educación superior. En la segunda parte de la tesis se presentan los aspectos metodológicos de cómo abordar el análisis de un fenómeno tan complejo como es el de la evolución del papel de una universidad, atendiendo a la selección del caso estudio, los diferentes niveles de análisis, así como las técnicas de investigación y de recolección y posterior análisis de datos. En la tercera parte de la tesis se muestran los resultados empíricos traducidos en la presentación, tanto del contexto en donde se inserta la universidad objeto de estudio, como de las tres etapas identificadas en la historia de la institución que, si bien presentan características propias de una región de baja tecnología, han sufrido cambios institucionales que conviene tener en cuenta no sólo desde el punto de vista de las políticas universitarias, sino también desde el punto de vista de la gestión de las instituciones de educación superior. Definitivamente, en la cuarta y última parte de la tesis se presentan las principales conclusiones que se desprenden del estudio realizado a lo largo de esta tesis., [CA]: La present tesi s'enquadra dins del debat sobre el paper de les universitats en el desenvolupament socioeconòmic de les regions. Consta de tres parts ben diferenciades. En la primera part de la tesi es presenta una revisió de la literatura sobre economia regional, centrada en com tres principals conceptes –districte industrial, *cluster i sistema local d'innovació-- han tractat des dels seus respectius enfocaments teòrics, el paper de les institucions d'educació superior. En la segona part de la tesi es presenten els aspectes metodològics de com abordar l'anàlisi d'un fenomen tan complex com és el de l'evolució del paper d'una universitat, atenent a la selecció del cas estudio, els diferents nivells d'anàlisis, així com les tècniques d'investigació i de recol·lecció i posterior anàlisi de dades. En la tercera part de la tesi es mostren els resultats empírics de la tesis traduïts en la presentació tant del context on s'insereix la universitat objecte d'estudi, com de les tres etapes identificades en la història de la institució, que si bé presenten característiques pròpies d'una regió de baixa tecnologia, han sofert canvis institucionals que convé tenir en compte no només des del punt de vista de les polítiques universitàries, sinó també des del punt de vista de la gestió de les institucions d'educació superior. Definitivament, en la quarta i última part de la tesi es presenten les principals conclusions que es desprenen de l'estudi realitzat al llarg d'aquesta tesi., [EN]: This thesis is framed within the debate on the role of universities in the socioeconomic development of regions. It has three distinct parts. The first part of the thesis presents a review of the literature on regional economy, focusing on how three main concepts -industrial district, cluster and local innovation system - have addressed from their respective theoretical approaches, the role of Higher Education Institutions. The second part of the thesis presents the methodological aspects of how to approach the analysis of a phenomenon as complex as is the changing role of a university, based on the selection of the case study, different levels of analysis and research techniques and collection and subsequent data analysis. The third part of the PhD dissertation presents the empirical results of the thesis translated into the presentation of the context in which to insert the university under study, and the three stages identified in the history of the institution, although their characteristics specific to a region of low-tech, have been institutional changes should take into account not only from the viewpoint of university policies, but also from the standpoint of managing Higher Education Institutions. Definitely, the fourth and final part of the thesis presents the main findings from the study along this thesis., I acknowledge the financial support from the Spanish National R&D Project (Project ref: SEJ2005-05923/EDUC and Francisco Javier Ortega Colomer’s Grant: BES-2006-13425).

In order to better understand the processes of generation and dissemination of innovation in developing countries, this paper analyzes, based on the neoshumpeterian local innovation system framework, the innovative processes of Joinville’s software industry. The use of this framework allowed the identification of many organizations and institutions that promoted the local software industry. In such a way, it was possible to determine the existence of a local innovation system in the software industry of Joinville. However, as noted on the interviews applied to selected firms, this is still an immature system, in which 1) companies barely interact with each other and with academic research; 2) the local legislation of promotion of the industry is unknown; 3) the competitiveness of local companies is based on the price of qualified labor. Even still immature, the identified innovation system has important Latin-American producers of package software, a large number of firms engaged in the sector of software services and many software organizations with relevant potential for he whole of innovation system.Considerando a necessidade de melhor compreender os processos de geração e difusão de inovações em países em desenvolvimento, este trabalho foi confeccionado com o objetivo de analisar a dinâmica inovativa da indústria de software geograficamente circunscrita pelos entornos do município de Joinville (SC). Para tanto, utilizou-se como ferramenta de análise e descrição o arcabouço teórico neo-schumpeteriano de sistemas locais de inovação. A utilização desse arcabouço permitiu mapear as diferentes organizações e instituições de fomento à referida indústria local. Nesse sentido, permite-se falar em sistema local de inovação da indústria de software de Joinville. Contudo, como se constatou em entrevistas a firmas selecionadas, trata-se de um sistema ainda imaturo, no qual: 1) as firmas pouco interagem entre si e com a pesquisa acadêmica; 2) as leis locais de incentivo ao setor são desconhecidas; 3) o preço da mão de obra qualificada fundamenta em boa medida a competitividade das empresas locais. Mesmo ainda imaturo, o sistema de inovação identificado possui importantes produtores de software, pacote de significativa inserção nacional e internacional, elevado número de firmas atuantes no segmento de serviços de software e organizações de fomento setorial com relevantes potencialidades para o conjunto do tecido produtivo local.

Na literatura neo-schumpeteriana atual que ressalta o processo de inovação como um fenômeno sistêmico destaque-se uma linha de pesquisa que enfatiza a proximidade geográfica como indutora de processos de aprendizagem virtuosos, capazes de impulsionar a competitividade da firmas, em particular, de suas estratégias tecnológicas. O ambiente local é "aproveitado" pela firma individual conforme suas competências acumuladas e suas estratégias atuais de aprendizado. Nesse artigo, utilizamos uma tabulação especial regionalizada dos dados da Pesquisa brasileira de Inovação Tecnológica (PINTEC, II) para inferir sobre os processos locais de aprendizagem de firmas inovadoras inseridas em 9 (nove) aglomerações produtivas do estado de Santa Catarina. Os resultados apontam a localização como um componente central aos processos de aprendizagem mais virtuosos. In neo-Schumpeterian current literature, which emphasizes the process of innovation as a systemic phenomenon, there is a prominent line of research that highlights geographical proximity as a stimulus to learning processes that can boost the competitiveness of firms, particularly, their technological strategies. The local environment is "exploited" by the individual firm according to its accumulated skills and their current learning strategies. In this article, using a special regionalized tabulation data from the Brazilian Innovation survey (PINTEC, II), we make inferences regarding local processes of learning of innovative firms included in 9 (nine) industrial agglomerations in the state of Santa Catarina. The results show the location as a central component to the better learning processes.

In this paper we present a theoretical model of the learning process with knowledge externalities to R&D and other learning inputs within a region, a technological district, an industry or a technological cluster with fast rates of accumulation of new technological knowledge. As there are several definitions of localized technological and learning opportunities (according to the technical space, or to the regional space) and of localized technological knowledge, we can therefore find several possible applications to the generic model. The analysis of the learning firm interacting with a specific region in the production of new technological knowledge is just one of them. The analytical model we develop is amenable to a graphical representation. Thus we provide in the first place a unifying graphical framework, consisting of a four-quadrant picture to analyze the process of knowledge accumulation by learning firms located and operating in a specific region or industry, which simultaneously stresses the nature of the basic learning process and the importance of true knowledge spillovers in the generation of new knowledge. We adopt the following approach to the construction of spillover stocks or pools. First, the magnitude of the state of aggregate knowledge in a region or industry is reconstructed through the historic accumulation of flows of knowledge. Thus, the aggregate level of knowledge can always be updated after every learning loop, or at every moment of discrete time, whose unit of measurement we might assume at the outset of our analysis. Secondly, every firm within a region or industry is treated symmetrically regarding spillover effects and magnitudes. Such statement meaning that the amount of aggregate knowledge borrowed from any available source, either the region or industry under analysis or some other distant region or industry, is regarded as the same by every firm. And finally, we model both the loss of appropriation of benefits from innovation and the distance between different technological bases or regional sources in terms of single parameters, or instantaneous rates of growth, weighting respectively the leakage and the absorption intensities of flows and stocks of knowledge. Several theoretical predictions about the direction and magnitude of the knowledge spillovers can therefore be deducted from parametric changes in the leakage and absorption functions of our model arising from, among other things: - Improvements in information technology and falling communication costs observed in the economic system at general. - Improvements in technological communication systems within specific technological districts. - The establishment of explicit cooperative relations and effective access to the pool of collective knowledge, or instead any improvements of the mutuality and trust conditions, within the group of firms located and operating within a specific region. - The increasing of competitive pressures, or the working of any other mechanism for lowering the appropriation of a firmÂ’s gains from innovation, in an array of industrial sectors. One interesting theoretical result is then derived from our full model. With such purpose in mind, we consider first the existence of a relevant competitive situation where appropriation and communication are both dependent upon the number of receiving and sending firms within the region. Whereas the amount of technological leakage per firm increases with the number of firms effectively operating within the region, ceteris paribus; the extent of absorption per firm also increases with the number of firms effectively communicating within the region, ceteris paribus. Apparently, there is a trade-off between such appropriation conditions and communication conditions. In the long-run, the addition of firms eventually exhausts the net positive effects of taking part in an effective network, and so we can establish an equilibrium number of firms operating in the region.

O objetivo deste trabalho é explorar como se inseriu o Instituto Euvaldo Lodi - Núcleo Regional Bahia, enquanto agente indutor do relacionamento Universidade-Empresa, no Sistema Estadual de Ciência e Tecnologia, entre 1996 e 1998. Para tanto, é feita uma caracterização de aspectos pontuais do sistema baiano de inovação, ambiente em que se insere o agente indutor. Esta caracterização adota como perspectiva o prisma analítico dos três principais atores envolvidos no processo de inovação: o setor produtivo, ou seja, como este organiza o trabalho intrafirma e desempenha trocas interfirmas; o Estado, condições de financiamento e políticas públicas; e a situação dos centros de ensinopesquisa. Delineado este cenário, são apresentados os programas do instituto que buscam aproximar o conhecimento universitário da prática empresarial na Bahia, visando à criação de condições favoráveis à inovação tecnológica. Conclui-se que, apesar do limitado potencial inovativo de ambientes tecnologicamente fragmentados, a indução de agentes como o Instituto Euvaldo Lodi pode facilitar a interação de empresas e universidades, criando ambiente propício a trocas de informações e organização de projetos cooperativos e consultorias. The objective of this work is to explore the context in which the Instituto Euvaldo Lodi has induced University-Enterprise relations within the local Science and Technology System in Bahia, Brazil, between 1996 and 1998. In order to do so, the authors analyses a few relevant aspects of the Brazilian Innovation System and its Bahia sub-system. Such analysis takes into account three basic points of view: that of the productive sector (i.e., how the intra-firm work is organized and how inter-firm exchanges affect the system), that of the State (financial support and public policies) and that of the research and higher education institutions. Against this background, the authors describes the IEL programs for bridging university knowl-edge and entrepreneurial practice in Bahia, aiming at creating better conditions for technological innovation. Among the main conclusions of this dissertation is the realization that, in spite of the limited potential of innovation in technologically fragmented environments, the bridging work of agents such as IEL may promote specific interactions between enterprises and universities, creating an environment in which information exchange, cooperative projects and consulting activities may be stimulated.

P. 135-155,Maio/Ago. Submitted by JURANDI DE SOUZA SILVA (jssufba@hotmail.com) on 2011-09-08T11:51:58Z No. of bitstreams: 1 v5nspea07.pdf: 192137 bytes, checksum: b9cb4e94e7c466bf8e6b8003e95add21 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2011-09-08T11:51:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 v5nspea07.pdf: 192137 bytes, checksum: b9cb4e94e7c466bf8e6b8003e95add21 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2001 O objetivo deste trabalho é explorar como se inseriu o Instituto Euvaldo Lodi - Núcleo Regional Bahia, enquanto agente indutor do relacionamento Universidade-Empresa, no Sistema Estadual de Ciência e Tecnologia, entre 1996 e 1998. Para tanto, é feita uma caracterização de aspectos pontuais do sistema baiano de inovação, ambiente em que se insere o agente indutor. Esta caracterização adota como perspectiva o prisma analítico dos três principais atores envolvidos no processo de inovação: o setor produtivo, ou seja, como este organiza o trabalho intrafirma e desempenha trocas interfirmas; o Estado, condições de financiamento e políticas públicas; e a situação dos centros de ensinopesquisa. Delineado este cenário, são apresentados os programas do instituto que buscam aproximar o conhecimento universitário da prática empresarial na Bahia, visando à criação de condições favoráveis à inovação tecnológica. Conclui-se que, apesar do limitado potencial inovativo de ambientes tecnologicamente fragmentados, a indução de agentes como o Instituto Euvaldo Lodi pode facilitar a interação de empresas e universidades, criando ambiente propício a trocas de informações e organização de projetos cooperativos e consultorias. Curitiba