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With the acceleration of digital transformation and upgrading across various industries, the rapid popularization and application of new technologies such as big data and cloud computing have driven the exponential growth in demand for computing power, particularly with the emergence of artificial intelligence large models in recent years. Currently, electronic information technology faces challenges related to bandwidth limitations and energy consumption issues, while Moore’s law is confronted with potential failure. In comparison to electrical signals, optical signals offer numerous advantages including larger transmission bandwidth, minimal transmission loss, robust anti-interference capabilities, and parallel transmission. Consequently, optical interconnection has become a crucial direction for information technology development. The ongoing trend of " optical advance and copper retreat" continues as optical interconnection applications transition from racks and boards to chips. Integrating photonic and electronic devices within a single chip package not only enhances integration levels and port density but also achieves lower power consumption rates along with reduced latency periods. Developing inter-chip optical interconnections has emerged as one of the current research topics. The paper analyzes the latest technological trends in optical interconnects between chips, focusing on two key application scenarios of computing infrastructure: data centers and computing centers. It also analyzes the progress of industrial ecology and standardization, while evaluating its development trajectory. This paper conducts a comprehensive study from the perspectives of technology, industry, and application, elucidating that optical interconnection can effectively enhance the interconnection performance between the switching chip and external devices in data centers. It can also improve the performance between the computing chips and external devices in computing centers, with regards to bandwidth, energy consumption, and delay. Currently, there has been initial progress in inter-chip optical interconnection, accompanied by increasing research interest in related technologies and standardization efforts within the industry. However, compared to data centers, inter-chip optical interconnection technology for computing centers has higher performance requirements while lagging behind in industrialization and standardization progress. Overall, short-distance optical interconnections will further leverage their inherent advantages to explore application potential and support continuous advancements in information and communication technology.

Abstract Background It is now realized that peripheral inflammation and abnormal immune responses, especially T cells, contribute to the development of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Gasdermin D (GSDMD) -mediated pyroptosis has been associated with several neuroinflammatory diseases, but whether GSDMD is involved in the peripheral inflammation and T cell immunity during AD remains unclear. Methods We dynamically investigated GSDMD activation in the peripheral and central nervous system of 5×FAD mouse model and dissected the role of myeloid GSDMD using genetic knockout mice, especially its influence on peripheral T cell responses and AD inflammation. RNA sequencing and in vitro coculture were used to elucidate the underlying immune mechanisms involved. Targeted inhibitor experiments and clinical correlation analysis were used to further verify the function of GSDMD in AD. Results In the present study, caspase activated GSDMD in the spleen of 5×FAD mice earlier than in the brain during disease progression. Loss of myeloid cell GSDMD was shown to impair early-stage effector T cell activation in the periphery and prevent T cell infiltration into the brain, with an overall reduction in neuroinflammation. Furthermore, myeloid cell GSDMD induced T cell PD-1 expression through the IL-1β/NF-κB pathway, restricting regulatory T cells. The administration of a GSDMD inhibitor combined with an anti-PD-1 antibody was found to mitigate the development of AD-associated inflammation. In some AD patients, plasma sPD-1 is positively correlated with IL-Iβ and clinical features. Conclusions Our study systematically identified a role for GSDMD in the AD-related peripheral inflammation and early-stage T cell immunity. These findings also suggest the therapeutic potential of targeting GSDMD for the early intervention in AD.

Abstract [Objective] PEX (pollen extensin-like) gene is involved in controlling pollen development, which plays a crucial role in embryogenesis of pollen microspores and haploid culture. In this study, the authors isolated the CaPEX3 gene from pepper and analyzed its protein structure and expression pattern, which provides a theoretical foundation for further investigation into the function of the CaPEX3 gene. [Methods] CaPEX3 was cloned by PCR, and its protein structure, evolution, and gene regulation were analyzed by bioinformatics. Expression of CaPEX3 in different tissues and pollen of different varieties were detected by qRT-PCR. Pollen viability of different pepper varieties was detected by staining method and their relationship with CaPEX3 expression was analyzed. [Results] The coding region of CaPEX3 was 1 581 bp in length, encoding 526 amino acids, which belongs to the LRX (leucine-rich repeats/extensins) gene family. The protein had phosphorylation and glycosylation sites, signaling peptides, and transmembrane domains. The expression level of CaPEX3 was the highest in flowers, and the gene expression was higher in tissues with high pollen vitality. The regulatory network predicted that CaPEX3 might be involved in the regulation of pollen development through the action of genes related to flower development. [Conclusion] CaPEX3 was specifically expressed in flowers, and a correlation was observed between its expression level and the activity of pollen grains. The analysis of gene expression and the construction of related vectors provided a theoretical foundation and technical support for the subsequent investigation of gene function and mechanism of CaPEX3

Emerging miniaturized atomic sensors such as optically pumped magnetometers (OPMs) have attracted widespread interest due to their application in high-spatial-resolution biomagnetism imaging. While optical probing systems in conventional OPMs require bulk optical devices including linear polarizers and lenses for polarization conversion and wavefront shaping, which are challenging for chip-scale integration. In this study, an integrated optical probing scheme based on localized-interference metasurface for chip-scale OPM is developed. Our monolithic metasurface allows tailorable linear polarization conversion and wavefront manipulation. Two silicon-based metasurfaces namely meta-polarizer and meta-polarizer-lens are fabricated and characterized, with maximum transmission efficiency and extinction ratio (ER) of 86.29 % and 14.2 dB for the meta-polarizer as well as focusing efficiency and ER of 72.79 % and 6.4 dB for the meta-polarizer-lens, respectively. A miniaturized vapor cell with 4 × 4 × 4 mm3 dimension containing 87Rb and N2 is combined with the meta-polarizer to construct a compact zero-field resonance OPM for proof of concept. The sensitivity of this sensor reaches approximately 9 fT/Hz1/2 with a dynamic range near zero magnetic field of about ±2.3 nT. This study provides a promising solution for chip-scale optical probing, which holds potential for the development of chip-integrated OPMs as well as other advanced atomic devices where the integration of optical probing system is expected.

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy, safety and the postoperative functional improvement of the surgical treatment for postpartum diastasis recti (PDR). Methods A retrospective study was conducted on the patients with PDR who underwent surgical treatment in Department of Hernia and Abdominal Wall Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University from November 2018 to October 2023. The patients’demography, operation data, postoperative complications, recurrence and functional evaluation before and after surgery were analyzed. Results A total of 39 cases were included. Open surgery was performed in 21 cases, laparoscopic surgery in 17 cases, and hybrid surgery in 1 case. On the basis of linear alba reconstruction (LAR), 26 cases were additionally repaired with Sublay mesh, 9 with Onlay, and 1 with intraperitoneal onlay mesh (IPOM); the other 3 cases were only performed with LAR. The follow-up ranged 6-45 months, and the completion rate was 92.3%. During the follow-up, no recurrence was observed, and the overall complication rate was 20.5%, including 1 case with delayed wound healing, 2 cases with seroma, and 5 cases with skin disorders in paraumbilical and subumbilical area. There were significant changes of European Registry for abdominal wall hernias quality of life (EuraHS QoL) score and Oswestry disability index (ODI) after operation, indicating significant improvement in QoL and lower back pain. The inter-recti distance(IRD) of the patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery was less than that of the patients undergoing open surgery (median 4.0 cm vs. 4.5 cm), and the duration of hospital stay of the patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery was shorter than that of open surgery (median 7 days vs. 9 days). Conclusions In general, the surgical treatment of PDR is safe and effective, and it can not only correct the separation, but also improve QoL and lower back pain of the patients. Tailored surgical procedures should be selected for patients with different conditions.

ObjectiveTo provide scientific value for effective prevention of Salmonella infection and treatment， the drug resistance spectrum and drug resistance characteristics of Salmonella enteritidis in Lanzhou was exploreed and a database of some genotypes of Salmonella was established.MethodsA total of 94 strains of Salmonella were isolated from foodborne active surveillance in Lanzhou from 2019 to 2021 by serotyping and biochemical analysis. The drug resistance of 41 strains of Salmonella enteritidis was detected by drug susceptibility testing and pulsed field gel electrophoresis. BioNumerics （Version 7.6） software was used to cluster the PFGE profiles of 41 strains of Salmonella enteritidis.ResultsA total of 94 strains of Salmonella could be classified into 20 serotypes， with Salmonella enteritidis as the dominant serogroup， accounting for 43.62% （41/94）. 41 strains of Salmonella enteritidis were generally resistant to quinolone nalidixic acid bacteria （100.00%）， followed by up to 80.49%（33/41） resistance to penicillin ampicillin， the resistance rate to cefazolin was 39.02%（16/41）， and the resistance rates to ampicillin/sulbactam and tetracycline were 31.71%（13/41）. But the drug resistance rates were all 0.00% to imipenem and cefoxitin. Twenty-six （63.41%） of the strains showed multi-drug resistance， resulting in eighteen multi-drug resistance profiles. Lastly， A total of 19 bands were obtained by Xba Ⅰ digestion of 41 strains of Salmonella enteritidis， and the similarity between the bands was 74.20%~100.00%. The number of strains contained in each band type was different， and the homology between strains of the same year was highly and they have 100.00% identical bands.ConclusionSalmonella serotypes in Lanzhou are diverse and PFGE band types are complex， and its dominant serogroup Salmonella enteritidis is highly resistant and multi-drug resistant seriously.

ObjectiveTo study the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and insomnia among social workers during the prolonged battle against the COVID-19 pandemic and explore the associated risk factors.MethodsUsing a stratified cluster sampling method, we selected all social workers in the five streets of Chaoyang District, Beijing(Jiuxianqiao, Wangjing, Taiyanggong, Shibalidian, Sunhe) from November 2021 to March 2022 as the study population(social worker group), and the frontline medical staffs(medical professional group) of the same age range of the corresponding community hospitals of the same five streets, and the community residents(resident group) as the control population. The ratio of the social worker group, medical professional group, and resident group was 1∶1∶1. The Sojump platform was used to send electronic questionnaires to the wechat groups of social workers, healthcare workers, and community residents to carry out the survey. The screen positive rates for anxiety, depression, and sleep disorders were compared among the 3 groups. Multifactorial Logistic regression and decision tree were used to analyze the influencing factors of anxiety, depression, and sleep disorders among social workers.ResultsA total of 954 questionnaires were collected, of which 62 were disqualified and excluded. Finally, 892 valid questionnaires(93.5%) were included for data analysis. Among them, there were 372 questionnaires(41.7%) from the social worker group, 262(29.4%) from the medical professional group, and 258(28.9%) from the resident group. The prevalences of anxiety, depression, and sleep disorders among social workers group were found to be 15.3%, 22.0%, and 48.1%, respectively, which were significantly higher than those in the medical professional group(7.6%, 10.3%, and 30.5%) and the resident group(7.0%, 8.5%, and 29.5%), all P < 0.001. Multiple Logistic regression showed that family burden(OR=1.80, 95% CI: 1.09-2.96) and Chinese perceived stress scale(CPSS) score(OR=1.34, 95% CI: 1.24-1.45) were independent influencing factors for anxiety among social workers; CPSS score(OR=1.29, 95% CI: 1.20-1.39) and social support rating scale(SSRS) score(OR=0.96, 95% CI: 0.92-1.00) were independent influencing factors for depression among social workers; family history of mental illness(OR=4.91, 95% CI: 1.27-18.94), CPSS score(OR=1.20, 95% CI: 1.14-1.27), and SSRS score(OR=0.95, 95% CI: 0.91-0.98) were independent influencing factors for sleep disorders among social workers. The results of decision tree analysis were consistent with those of multiple Logistic regression analysis. Family burden, CPSS score, and SSRS score were important variables affecting the mental health of social workers, among which CPSS score was strongly associated with anxiety, depression, and sleep disorders among social workers.ConclusionsSocial workers exhibited significant levels of anxiety, depression, and sleep disorders during the long-term pandemic prevention, with CPSS being the most significant influencing factor.

The effects of stress ratio（R），loading condition，and MnS inclusion on the fatigue behavior of medium-carbon pearlitic high strength steel were investigated by the combination of rotating（frequency of 52.5 Hz，103-108）bending and ultrasonic （frequency of 20 kHz，5×104-109）axial cycling tests in high-cycle and very-high-cycle regimes. The study results show that all the S-N curves present horizontal asymptotic shapes and have clear fatigue limits. The fatigue limits（260-270 MPa）for R = −1 obtained by ultrasonic test are 140-150 MPa，which are lower than that（400-410 MPa）obtained by rotating bending，and the limit values for R = 0.3 are in the range of 195-205 MPa. For rotating bending，the fatigue fractures are originated from the surface matrix of the specimen，whereas for ultrasonic fatigue，both surface and interior crack initiation occur，and cracks are all initiated from MnS inclusions regardless of stress ratios. The influence of MnS inclusions on crack initiation and propagation is studied by finite element method. The side of elliptical MnS inclusions has higher stress concentration than the tip position，which leads to crack initiation from the side of inclusions.

Pressure injury is one of the most common complications in long-time bedridden patients, and it is an important sensitive index of clinical nursing quality. This study introduces the design and use method of a utility model nursing pad for prevention of pressure injuries, which can increase the comfort and breathability of patients, reduce the work burden of medical staff and improve work efficiency. (压力性损伤是临床长期卧床患者最常见的并发症之一, 压力性损伤的发生率是临床护理质量的重要敏感指标。本研究介绍了一款实用新型防压疮护理垫的设计和使用方法, 具有良好的舒适和透气性, 护理垫便于换洗, 且能够辅助患者进行翻身, 有助于提高护理人员工作效率。)

Abstract Background In plants, GABA plays a critical role in regulating salinity stress tolerance. However, the response of soybean seedlings (Glycine max L.) to exogenous gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) under saline stress conditions has not been fully elucidated. Results This study investigated the effects of exogenous GABA (2 mM) on plant biomass and the physiological mechanism through which soybean plants are affected by saline stress conditions (0, 40, and 80 mM of NaCl and Na2SO4 at a 1:1 molar ratio). We noticed that increased salinity stress negatively impacted the growth and metabolism of soybean seedlings, compared to control. The root-stem-leaf biomass (27- and 33%, 20- and 58%, and 25- and 59% under 40- and 80 mM stress, respectively]) and the concentration of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b significantly decreased. Moreover, the carotenoid content increased significantly (by 35%) following treatment with 40 mM stress. The results exhibited significant increase in the concentration of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA), dehydroascorbic acid (DHA) oxidized glutathione (GSSG), Na+, and Cl− under 40- and 80 mM stress levels, respectively. However, the concentration of mineral nutrients, soluble proteins, and soluble sugars reduced significantly under both salinity stress levels. In contrast, the proline and glycine betaine concentrations increased compared with those in the control group. Moreover, the enzymatic activities of ascorbate peroxidase, monodehydroascorbate reductase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione peroxidase decreased significantly, while those of superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, and dehydroascorbate reductase increased following saline stress, indicating the overall sensitivity of the ascorbate-glutathione cycle (AsA-GSH). However, exogenous GABA decreased Na+, Cl−, H2O2, and MDA concentration but enhanced photosynthetic pigments, mineral nutrients (K+, K+/Na+ ratio, Zn2+, Fe2+, Mg2+, and Ca2+); osmolytes (proline, glycine betaine, soluble sugar, and soluble protein); enzymatic antioxidant activities; and AsA-GSH pools, thus reducing salinity-associated stress damage and resulting in improved growth and biomass. The positive impact of exogenously applied GABA on soybean plants could be attributed to its ability to improve their physiological stress response mechanisms and reduce harmful substances. Conclusion Applying GABA to soybean plants could be an effective strategy for mitigating salinity stress. In the future, molecular studies may contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms by which GABA regulates salt tolerance in soybeans.

Objective To investigate the application and significance of membrane surface immunoglobulin M (sIgM) in the differential diagnosis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). Methods The clinical data of 420 first-confirmed CLL patients and 67 MCL patients admitted to the Hematology Department of Jiangsu Provincial People's Hospital from May 2016 to August 2022 were retrospectively collected. Among CLL patients, there were 298 cases of typical immunophenotype CLL (tCLL) and 122 cases of atypical immunophenotype CLL (aCLL). Multiparametric flow cytometry (MFC) was used to detect the expression levels of sIgM and the recognized CLL diagnostic immunomarker CD200 in tumor cells of all patients, and the differential diagnostic value of sIgM, CD200 and their combination in aCLL and MCL was analyzed. Results The high expression rates of sIgM decreased sequentially in MCL (88.1%), aCLL (23.0%), and tCLL (8.7%)（χ2=193.218, P＜0.01); On the contrary, the high expression rates of CD200 increased sequentially in MCL (10.4%), aCLL (78.7%), and tCLL (92.9%)（χ2=261.194, P＜0.01). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of sIgM in differentiating MCL and aCLL were similar to those of CD200. Compared with the single indicator of CD200 or sIgM, the sIgM combined with CD200 had higher diagnostic sensitivity (98.5%) and negative predictive value (98.7%). Conclusion The sIgM expression level has a good clinical application value in the diagnosis of CLL and MCL, especially in the differential diagnosis of aCLL and MCL.

Viruses are among the main pathogens causing diarrhoea in calves. The current study found that bovine norovirus (BNoV) is one of the principal viruses causing diarrhoea in calves in Xinjiang, China.

ObjectiveThis study aims to examine the nutritional status of individuals diagnosed with esophageal cancer and compare the nutritional indicators and intestinal flora between malnourished and non-malnourished patients. The findings aim to contribute to the early prevention of malnutrition and the development of interventions targeting the intestinal flora to treat esophageal cancer.MethodsAn 80-patient sample of hospitalized individuals with esophageal cancer was selected from the radiotherapy department of our hospital between July 2021 and July 2022 to evaluate NRS2002 scores and PG-SGA scores. This cross-sectional analysis aimed to examine the disparities in dietary nutrient intake, blood indicators, body composition, and fecal intestinal flora between malnourished and non-malnourished patients with esophageal cancer. Additionally, we randomly selected 40 cases to predict and analyze the relationship between intestinal flora and malnutrition.ResultsThe incidence of nutritional risk and malnutrition in patients with esophageal cancer was 62.5% and 60%, respectively. The low intake of carbohydrates and dietary fiber in the malnutrition group was statistically significant compared to those in the non-malnutrition group (P < 0.05). The albumin (ALB) level was lower in the malnutrition group than in the non-malnutrition group, while the C-reactive protein (CRP) level was higher; these differences were also statistically significant (P < 0.05). The basal metabolic rate, phase angle, body cell mass, muscle mass, skeletal muscle index, and fat-free mass index in the malnutrition group all decreased compared to the non-malnutrition group. The extracellular water/total body water was higher than that in the non-malnutrition group, which was also statistically significant (P < 0.05). As shown by 16S rDNA sequencing of fecal intestinal flora, there was no significant difference in α and β diversity between the malnutrition and non-malnutrition groups; at the genus level, significant differences were observed for Selimonas, Clostridioides, Dielma, Lactobacillus, and [Eubacterium]_siraeum_group. However, Dielma, Sellimonas, and Clostridioides were significantly lower in the malnutrition group than in the non-malnutrition group, while Anaerococcus, Atopobium, Eubacterium_siraeum_group, and Lactobacillus were significantly higher in the malnutrition group. Correlation analysis between different genera and clinical indicators showed that Lactobacillus was positively correlated with ALB, dietary energy, intracellular water/total body water (ICW/TBW), phase angle (PA), muscle mass (MM), skeletal muscle mass (SMM), body cell mass (BCM), basal metabolic rate (BMR), appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASMM), total body water (TBW), fat-free mass index (FFMI), skeletal muscle index (SMI), fat-free mass (FFM), Weight, body mass index (BMI) (r > 0, P < 0.05), but negatively correlated with PG-SGA score, NRS2002 score, and extracellular water/total body water (ECW/TBW) (r < 0, P < 0.05). Based on PG-SGA, there was only a low accuracy for identifying nutrient deficiency (most areas under curve (AUC) values fell within 0.5 to 0.7, or even lower), with Lachnoclostridium's AUC being 0.688 (CI = 0.518–0.858) and Lactobacillus_salivarius_g_Lactobacillus's AUC being 0.257 (CI = 0.098–0.416). A KEGG functional analysis based on 16S data indicated potential differences affecting glucose metabolism pathways and the synthesis or division of DNA, influencing the onset, development, and prognosis of esophageal cancer patients.ConclusionEsophageal cancer patients are more likely to be malnourished. The nutritional status of these patients is closely linked to the intake of carbohydrates and fiber, albumin levels, inflammation levels, and lean body mass. Furthermore, the patient's intestinal flora composition plays a significant role in their nutritional well-being. Consequently, modulating the intestinal flora holds promise as a potential therapeutic approach for addressing malnutrition in esophageal cancer patients.Clinical trial registrationChiCTR2100048141

The NAC (NAM, ATAF and CUC) family is one of the largest transcription factor (TF) families in plant that are involved in the regulatory mechanisms of plant growth and development as well as responses to abiotic stresses. However, the underlying molecular mechanism of drought-responsive NAC family members in soybean still remains inexplicit. In this study, a total of 179 GmNAC genes were identified in the soybean genome. We discovered that the majority of GmNAC members have more than three exons and share a gene and motif structure that is mostly conserved at the N-terminus. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that soybean GmNAC proteins were divided into 10 separate groups. The analysis of cis-elements highlighted the potential role of GmNAC genes in various hormonal and defense related activities. In addition, most of the GmNAC genes showed notable expression in roots and leaves, suggesting their likely role in abiotic stress adaptation. The overexpression of GmNAC3-OE in Arabidopsis increased tolerance to drought stress. Similarly, the GmNAC3-OE plants displayed better survival rates, root length and antioxidant activities. Enhanced expression of stress specific genes in GmNAC3-OE was also recorded. Our findings revealed the potential role of GmNAC3 gene role in regulating soybean response to drought stress and could be used as a potential marker to generate stress resilient plants.

In order to improve the characteristics of uneven melting in the melting process of the horizontal latent heat energy storage system, the triplex-tube latent heat energy storage unit is taken as the research object, and the flip mechanism is applied to its melting process. Numerical simulation is used for the research, and the numerical model is verified by experimental data. The results show that under different dimensionless times, the melting performance of the unit can be significantly improved by a single flip. When the dimensionless time is 0.4576, it is found that the total melting time of the unit is reduced by 16.17 %, the average heat absorption rate is increased by 14.7 %, but the total heat energy absorption is reduced by 3.85 %. The results show that the addition of a flip can effectively shorten the melting time and increase the heat absorption rate, but it has a negative effect on the total heat absorption in one melting cycle. Moreover, through the comparison of dynamic flow rate, dynamic temperature response, and temperature interval, it is shown that the addition of flip effectively reduces the negative influence of the hard-to-melt zone on the melting performance of the unit during the melting process. The flip mechanism reduces the proportion of high-temperature phase change material in the melting process and makes the melting process more uniform.

Based on the principle of self-imaging, a 1 × 2 graphene waveguide beam splitter is proposed in this work, which can split the graphene surface plasmons excited by far-infrared light. The multimode interference process in the graphene waveguide is analyzed by guided-mode propagation analysis (MPA), and then the imaging position is calculated. The simulation results show that the incident beam can be obviously divided into two parts by the self-imaging of the graphene surface plasmon. In addition, the influences of the excited light wavelength, Fermi level, dielectric environment on the transmission efficiency are studied, which provide a reference for the research of graphene waveguide related devices.

Objective: To established a method for determination of 21 perfluorinated compounds in animal-derived food by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry （UPLC-MS/MS）. Methods: The sample was extracted with 1% formic acid-acetonitrile, cleaned up with a sorbent mixture of N-propylethylenediamine （PSA）, octadecyl bonded silica gel （C18） and graphitized carbon black （GCB）, then separated by acetonitrile-5mmol/L ammonium acetate aqueous solution and Acquity UPLC® BEH C18, detected by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry in negative mode using the multiple reaction monitoring （MRM） mode. Results: The calibration curves were linear in the range of 0.2~10 ng/mL for the 21 PFAS. The limits of quantification were 0.25 μg/kg. Average recoveries were in the range of 71%~118% with three spiked levels, namely 0.25, 0.50, 1.25 μg/kg. The relative standard deviations （RSDs%） of inter-batch and intra-batch were 3.5%~18.3% （n=6） and 2.2%~13.8% （n=3）, respectively. Conclusion: The simple pretreatment and high sensitivity satisfied the fast and accurate detection requirement, meanwhile it is suitable for qualitative and quantitative analysis of perfluorinated compounds in animal-derived food.

Objective To summarize the nursing experience of osteopathic robot-assisted vascularized fibular transplantation in the treatment of patients with avascular necrosis of femoral head (ANFH). Methods From September 2016 to November 2020, there were 17 ANFH patients (21 hips) in Beijing Jishuitan Hospital undergoing vascularized fibular graft assisted by orthopedic robots. After operation, the patients were given vasodilator, anticoagulant, anti-infective and related nursing care, as well as functional rehabilitation guidance. Results The operation was successful in 21 hips. All patients had no complications such as donor nerve injury and postoperative lower limb venous thrombosis. There was no weight-bearing activity within 3 months postoperatively and partial weight-bearing on crutches between 3 and 6 months. Among 10 patients (12 hips) followed for an average of 15 months, the hip function recovered well in 9 patients, and one bilateral ANFH patient, in whom the right side recovered smoothly, but the left hip joint was painful and restricted. No intra-articular infection and fibular head protrusion were found by arthroscopic exploration in this patient, and the symptoms were relieved after treatment of acetabular osteophyte. Conclusion For the treatment of ANFH with robot-assisted vascularized transplantation, nursing should focus on whether there is nerve injury in the donor area and on postoperative survival of the transplanted fibula. Postoperative functional exercise is an important part of the recovery for limb function.

To improve the rate of pesticide utilization, reduce pesticide usage, and effectively eliminate the adverse effects of pesticides on the environment, a carrier material was prepared by modifying starch using a one-step irradiation treatment. This carrier material was subsequently loaded with glyphosate isopropylamine salt to synthesize a glyphosate isopropylamine salt slow-release agent. The morphology and composition of this slow-release agent were characterized using scanning electron microscopy and infrared spectroscopy, and the slow-release performance, surface tension, and herbicidal activity of the different drug-loaded systems were also examined. Compared with the unloaded and attapulgite-loaded glyphosate isopropylamine salts, the rate of release obtained using the slow-release agent was reduced by 44.00% and 20.45% at 720 min, respectively. The release equilibrium time of the attapulgite-loaded glyphosate isopropylamine salt was 1 440 min, whereas that of the slow-release agent was 1 700 min. Based on the kinetic analysis and fitting, the first-order model correlation coefficient R2 of the glyphosate isopropylamine salt release curve ranged from 0.956 6 to 0.997 2, indicating that the fitting accuracy was high. Furthermore, a comparison of herbicidal activities showed that this glyphosate isopropylamine salt slow-release agent exhibited an improved control effect on barnyard grasses. In summary, the method for obtaining carrier materials by irradiation is simple, efficient, energy-saving, and environmentally friendly. The glyphosate isopropylamine salt slow-release agent synthesized based on this exhibited favorable slow-release performance and herbicidal activity, providing a new approach for the development of slow-release pesticides.

In recent years, with the development of science and technology, stereoscopic video display terminals have become more and more widely used in many fields. Meanwhile, their influence on the eyes and even the whole body has gradually attracted people's attention. Most stereoscopic video display terminals are based on the principle of binocular parallax. They present image pairs with parallax for the left and right eyes respectively, and form stereoscopic images after brain fusion. At present, most studies about the influence of stereoscopic video display terminals on the physiological function of human eyes describe the changes of a certain type of ocular indicators independently, in which changes in visual functions, such as accommodation and convergence ability, tear film and ocular surface functions are particularly important. The appearance of related visual fatigue symptoms may be due to accommodation-vergence conflicts, excessive and rapid parallax changes, excessive retinal spatial frequencies, stereoscopic image distortion, and improper use environment. This paper introduces the principle of stereoscopic display, summarizes related symptoms and changes in visual functions, and discusses the causes of visual discomfort, in order to provide some bases for the healthy use of stereoscopic video display terminals and the clinical diagnosis and treatment of related symptoms.

To integrate the combination of electric vehicles and wind power of the transmission system, a wind farm environment multi-objective transmission model considering plug-in electric vehicles was established. The fuzzy optimal scheduling model for the environment and economy target of wind farm power system considering grid interconnection of electric vehicles designed by the author has the following characteristics: A fuzzy multi-objective dynamic scheduling model for the design of wind farm power system considering grid connection of plug-in electric vehicle is established, and the original 10 systems are taken as an example for power system design. The results show that the better model shows that the electric vehicle grid connection can greatly reduce the disadvantage of wind power stochastic uncertainties of system scheduling. The model can be used under different conditions further analyzing the rationality of the model determined by the author. An improved particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to solve this problem. The model takes the environmental and economic benefits into account, which improves the efficiency of the model.

This paper summarized the prone position ventilation and nursing management for a patient with influenza A (H1N1)virus infection combined with hypermucoviscous Klebsiella pneumoniae infection. Key issues of nursing included: a comprehensive nursing assessment before prone position ventilation, and considering the beginning and ending points of ventilation to ensure the safety of the treatment; Appropriate patient turning, catheter maintenance and skin care during treatment period; The analgesic management by using Richmond Agitation and Sedation Scale (RASS) and Sedation-Agitation scale (SAS) to improve patient comfort and effective ventilation; enhancing the airbag pressure management to prevent the ventilator-associated Pneumonia (VAP); observation on reflux, aspiration and gastric residual volume and ensuring nutrition support; monitoring on infection indexes to prevent catheter-related infection. (总结1例甲型H1N1流感病毒感染合并高黏液型肺炎克雷伯菌感染患者俯卧位通气的护理体会。护理要点: 做好患者的评估, 正确掌握俯卧位通气开始及结束的时机, 保证治疗的安全有效; 根据患者病情, 选择合适的翻身方式, 保护各管路, 做好皮肤护理; 运用Richmond躁动-镇静量表(RASS)和镇静-躁动评分(SAS)评分, 做好镇痛镇静管理, 提高患者的舒适度, 保障有效通气。做好气囊管理, 预防呼吸机相关性肺炎(VAP)的发生。观察患者有无反流及误吸, 做好胃残余量的监测, 保证营养供给。监测感染指标, 预防导管相关感染。)

Background Dysphagia incidence after cardiac surgery is increasing due to increased complexity of the surgery and number of older patients, which has become one of the most severe complications of cardiac surgery, affecting patients' physical health and recovery. Objective To perform a review of available evidence on the incidence of dysphagia after cardiac surgery. Methods Databases of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Web of Science, CBM, CNKI, Wanfang Data, and VIP were searched from inception to May 2022 for published studies on the incidence of dysphagia after cardiac surgery. Two researchers independently conducted a literature enrollment, quality assessment, and data extraction. Meta-analysis was conducted using Stata 15.0. Results Fifteen studies with 7 880 patients were included. The meta-analysis revealed that the overall incidence of dysphagia after cardiac surgery was 13.3%〔95%CI (10.1%, 16.5%) 〕. Further region-specific analysis indicated that, the incidence of dysphagia following cardiac surgery in Asia, North America, and Oceania was 16.6%〔95%CI (10.4%, 22.8%) 〕, 10.0%〔95%CI (6.1%, 13.8%) 〕, and 17.4%〔95%CI (12.3%, 23.5%) 〕, respectively. According to sex-specific analysis, the incidence of dysphagia following cardiac surgery was 16.9%〔95%CI (11.8%, 21.9%) 〕, and 16.4%〔95%CI (11.1%, 21.8%) 〕 in male and female patients, respectively. The analysis based on age group indicated that the dysphagia incidence following cardiac surgery in patients aged 48 hours was 1.0%〔95%CI (0.3%, 1.8%) 〕, 6.4%〔95%CI (4.4%, 8.3%) 〕, 16.8%〔95%CI (9.5%, 24.1%) 〕, and 55.0%〔95%CI (28.0%, 82.0%) 〕, respectively. In addition, chronic kidney disease, chronic lung disease, previous history of cerebrovascular accident, atrial fibrillation, heart failure, intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography, perioperative stroke and sepsis were associated with a higher incidence of dysphagia after cardiac surgery. The results of the meta-analysis were robust, as shown by sensitivity analysis. Both Begg's and Egger's tests yielded P-value

In this study, natural soybean oil body emulsion and pectin were combined by electrostatic deposition for the preparation of soybean oil body-pectin composite oleogel by emulsion template method. The macro- and micro-structures of soybean oil body-pectin composite oleogel were studied, and the average particle size, zeta potential, oil binding capacity, re-dissolution stability, rheological properties, texture properties and oxidative stability were analyzed. The results showed that the average particle size and zeta potential of the composite emulsion containing 1.0% of pectin (m/m) were both smallest and were 423.13 nm and −23.23 mV, respectively. Cryoscanning electron microscopy (Cryo-SEM) showed that with an increase in pectin concentration, the structure of the sample was more compact, the hardness of the freeze-dried sample increased, and the gel strength of the oleogel increased; it showed shear thinning and good thixotropy. In addition, the addition of pectin could significantly improve the oxidative stability of oleogels. Notably, the oleogel containing 1.0% or more of pectin had good re-dissolution stability, and the average particle size and zeta potential of the obtained emulsion were not significantly different from those of the initial emulsion. The three-dimensional network structure was restored to its initial state after dilution and shearing with the same mass of distilled water, and this process was reversible. Therefore, the new stable oleogel prepared with soybean oil body is a potential alternative to artificial solid fat.

SARS-CoV-2, a newly discovered coronavirus, has been linked to the COVID-19 pandemic and is currently an important public health issue. Despite all the work done to date around the world, there is still no viable treatment for COVID-19. This study examined the most recent evidence on the efficacy and safety of several therapeutic options available including natural substances, synthetic drugs and vaccines in the treatment of COVID-19. Various natural compounds such as sarsapogenin, lycorine, biscoclaurine, vitamin B12, glycyrrhizic acid, riboflavin, resveratrol and kaempferol, various vaccines and drugs such as AZD1222, mRNA-1273, BNT162b2, Sputnik V, and remdesivir, lopinavir, favipiravir, darunavir, oseltamivir, and umifenovir, resp., have been discussed comprehensively. We attempted to provide exhaustive information regarding the various prospective therapeutic approaches available in order to assist researchers and physicians in treating COVID-19 patients.

Traditional cultural and creative products need to be combined with cultural connotations on the basis of traditional cultural products, and modern visual communication design laws and design theories are used as the methods to broaden the product display medium and extend the product value. In this paper, we first sort out the cultural connotation of cultural and creative products and the design and development motives and explore the specific implementation path of cultural and creative product design based on visual communication design. Secondly, it studies the extraction of visual elements of traditional cultural and creative product patterns by the SURF image feature extraction method. Firstly, it realizes the acquisition of styling visual elements by the Canny operator in the edge detection algorithm. Then it acquires accurate color visual elements based on the K-Means primary color extraction algorithm improved by the contour coefficient method. In the traditional cultural and creative product design examples, it is found that the average Dice conventional culture coefficient image extraction based on the SURF method is 0.731, and the structural similarity of primary color extraction reaches 0.792 with the original image of traditional culture. Traditional cultural and creative products have a comprehensive evaluation score of between 4.3 and 4.5, which indicates high satisfaction. Carrying out the design of conventional cultural and creative products with visual communication design, its central performance is in visual attractiveness and formal innovativeness in order to burst the vitality of traditional cultural and creative products.

In today’s rapidly changing society, exploring the historical evolution of Marxist ideology in Civic Education can provide a more comprehensive understanding of the subject. In this paper, oriented to Civic Education, we use crawlers and other related technologies to obtain a Civic Text Corpus and complete the acquisition of Civic entities based on the BiLSTMCRF model for its annotation and collection. The acquired entities are divided into unstructured and semi-structured data, and the former is used to extract the relational triad by crawling technology, while the latter is obtained with the help of dependency syntactic analysis. Based on the analysis of the constructed cognitive map of Civic Education, the word “construction” in Marxist Civic Education in the 21st century has the highest degree of enthusiasm, reaching 0.191, followed by “student”, with a degree of enthusiasm of 0.150.

In recent years, immunotherapy has become a new method for solid tumor treatment, and a large number of immune preparations have been developed and applied in clinical practice. Among them, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are widely used, ushering in a new era for tumor treatment. In particular, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4(CTLA-4), as a representative drug, enriches tumor immunotherapy methods and opens up a new treatment mode of dual immunotherapy. This article reviews the clinical application progress of CTLA-4 in the treatment of advanced solid tumors, with the hope of providing reference for immunotherapy of tumors.

Facing the future combat scenario with manned and unmanned aerial vehicle cooperation, real-time and accurate air combat decision-making is the basis of winning. The complex air environment, transient situation data, and multiple cumbersome combat tasks make coordinated combat with unmanned aerial vehicles a trend in future air combat, replacing single machine combat. However, multi-agent modeling and training processes face difficulties in reward allocation and network convergence. Air combat scenarios for 5v5 manned and unmanned aerial vehicle cooperation, the characteristic model of single agent is abstracted in this paper, and an algorithm based on proximal policy optimization is proposed to obtain the air combat decision sequence by using reward and punishment incentive in the real-time interaction with the environment. The simulation results show that the algorithm proposed in this paper can adapt to the complex battlefield situation and get a stable and reasonable decision-making strategy in continuous action space after training and learning.

In order to improve the quality of freshwater fish surimi products, the effect of adding 4% of native cassava starch or modified cassava starch (starch phosphate, hydroxypropyl starch, acetylated distarch phosphate, or a 3:2 (m/m) mixture of acetylated distarch phosphate and hydroxypropyl starch) on improving the quality of surimi gels prepared from frozen tilapia surimi was investigated by measuring texture, rheological properties, water-holding capacity, moisture distribution and microstructure. The results showed that compared with the control group, the whiteness of tilapia surimi gels with native and modified cassava starch significantly decreased (P < 0.05), the gel strength, hardness, chewiness and water-holding capacity significantly increased (P < 0.05), the percentage of cooking loss decreased (P < 0.05), the bound water content increased (P < 0.05), and the microstructure was more uniform and compact. The best gel texture and highest water-holding capacity were achieved with the addition of the modified starch mixture. Low-field magnetic resonance imaging and optical microscopy results showed that both native and modified cassava starch could effectively keep the water in the surimi gel. The native and modified starch could absorb water and expand during the heating process, concentrating and filling the surimi gel network structure, and the surimi gel structure with the modified starch mixture was most compact and uniform. Therefore, addition of acetylated distarch phosphate-hydroxypropyl starch mixture can effectively improve the quality of tilapia surimi products, which will provide theoretical support for the development of freshwater fish surimi products.

Introduction: At present, there is a lack of effective treatment for pulmonary fibrosis (PF), and a number of studies have confirmed that curcumin (CUR) has a good effect on PF.Research Qusetion: Is CUR effective in preclinical trials for PF and what is its mechanism of action?Methods: Animal reports of PF treated with CUR were searched from Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane Library from 1 January 2000 to 19 April 2023 to compare CUR treatment of PF with a no-intervention model group. A previous registration (nsply registration number: INPLASY202360084) of this review protocol was undertaken.Results: The meta-analysis included 27 publications and 29 studies involving 396 animals. CUR significantly improved the degree of fibrosis, levels of inflammation, and oxidative imbalances in lung tissue in animal models of PF. In terms fibrosis, such as HYP content (SMD = −4.96; 95% CI = −6.05 to −3.87; p = 0.000).In terms of inflammatory indicators, such as MPO activity (SMD = −2.12; 95% CI = −4.93 to 0.69; p = 0.000). In terms of oxidation index, such as MDA (SMD = −5.63; 95% CI = −9.66 to −1.6; p = 0.000).Conclusion: CUR significantly improved the degree of fibrosis, levels of inflammation, and oxidative imbalances in lung tissue in animal models of PF. Due to the quantitative and qualitative limitations of current research, more high-quality studies are needed to verify the above conclusion.

Removal of Cu2+ ions from contaminated water is an important but challenging task. This study reports the synthesis of a composite hydrogel from two natural polysaccharides, namely, sodium alginate and chitosan, using inexpensive kaolin as a raw material and polyacrylamide as a modifier. The hydrogel had a high adsorption capacity and selectivity for Cu2+. The composite hydrogel was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model was the most suitable model for the kinetic results, and the Langmuir isotherm model was the most representative of the sorption system. The results revealed that the adsorption process was mainly controlled by chemisorption. The maximum adsorption capacity of the adsorbent was 106.4 mg·g−1. Therefore, this study presents a new perspective on the application of composite hydrogels as Cu2+ adsorbents.

Mycoplasma genitalium, a pathogen from class Mollicutes, has been linked to sexually transmitted diseases and sparked widespread concern. To adapt to its environment, M. genitalium has evolved specific adhesins and motility mechanisms that allow it to adhere to and invade various eukaryotic cells, thereby causing severe damage to the cells. Even though traditional exotoxins have not been identified, secreted nucleases or membrane lipoproteins have been shown to cause cell death and inflammatory injury in M. genitalium infection. However, as both innate and adaptive immune responses are important for controlling infection, the immune responses that develop upon infection do not necessarily eliminate the organism completely. Antigenic variation, detoxifying enzymes, immunoglobulins, neutrophil extracellular trap-degrading enzymes, cell invasion, and biofilm formation are important factors that help the pathogen overcome the host defence and cause chronic infections in susceptible individuals. Furthermore, M. genitalium can increase the susceptibility to several sexually transmitted pathogens, which significantly complicates the persistence and chronicity of M. genitalium infection. This review aimed to discuss the virulence factors of M. genitalium to shed light on its complex pathogenicity and pathogenesis of the infection.

Objective: This study aimed to obtain a novel fermented green tea with high ACE-inhibitory activity by Eurotium cristatum and to investigate its acute hypotensive effects on spontaneously hypertensive rats （SHR）. Methods: The effects of pueraria addition, water content of substrate and spore suspension on ACE-inhibitory activity in vitro were investigated, and the fermentation process was optimized by orthogonal design experiment. The fermented tea solution was prepared by water extraction method, and SHR model was selected to study the hypotensive effect of fermented tea. Results: The optimal fermentation process for fermented tea was as follows: adding 2 g pueraria into 20 g green tea matrix, controlling the water content of the matrix to 20%, inoculatin 5% suspension of E. cristatum. Compared with the control group, different doses of fermented tea had lowering effects on blood pressure in SHR within 24 h. Conclusion: The acute hypotensive effect of the daily dose of 300~600 mg/kg was the most significant, which could lower the blood pressure of SHR in a short period of time.

【Purpose】Urban green spaces mitigate carbon emissions, boost carbon sinks, and address environmental risks. Analyzing their types, carbon stocks, and key tree species' sequestration capacity aids in improving green space management. This advances the "Carbon Peak, Carbon Neutral" strategy, guiding greening industry development and robust ecosystem construction.【Method】A systematic survey was conducted at representative urban green space sites, establishing observation plots to study species composition and woody plant populations. The carbon sequestration capacity of major tree species was evaluated considering baseline carbon stock and a latitude correction parameter.【Result】The total carbon stock in Suqian's urban green spaces stands at 136,285.47 tons, with regional green spaces contributing the most, followed by parks and protective green spaces, while subsidiaries account for the least. Analysis reveals that the arbor layer is the primary carbon pool, surpassing soil, shrub, and herb layers. Notably, different arbor species exhibit significant variations in carbon sink capacity. There is an obvious difference in the carbon sink capacity of different tree species, and among the 30 major tree species in Suqian City, there is an obvious difference in the carbon sink capacity of different tree species, and there is an obvious difference in the carbon sink capacity of different tree species，Populus adenopoda, Populus × canadensis, Cedrus deodara, Triadica sebifera, Celtis julianae, Celtis sinensis, Liquidambar formosana, Malus spectabilis, Ligustrum lucidum, Acer buergerianum, Osmanthus fragrans, Metasequoia glyptostroboides, Ginkgo bilobaet al. Carbon sink capacity is weaker, and the carbon sink capacity of species will not be insignificantly related to the length of the time interval, but will be affected by the latitudinal zonal space。【Conclusion】 For urban green space management, trees are pivotal, dominating carbon sequestration potential compared to shrubs and herbs. Thus, studying carbon sequestration and oxygen release of tree communities is crucial. Additionally, attention should be given to tree configuration and species selection, prioritizing locally adapted, high-carbon sequestration trees while considering landscape aesthetics and biodiversity conservation, for efficient urban green space management.

To solve the problem that the global extreme value tracking of photovoltaic array under multi-peak is easy to fall into local optimization, this paper proposes a multi-peak maximum power point tracking (MPPT) scheme of photovoltaic array based on an improved imperialist competitive algorithm (ICA) by exploring the applicability of standard ICA in the MPPT of photovoltaic array under local shadow. Firstly, in order to enhance the global search performance of the ICA, the assimilation process of the ICA is improved by using simulated binary cross learning method. Secondly, the adaptive revolution factor is introduced to improve the local optimization ability of the algorithm, and the optimal value selection mechanism is used to retain the excellent factor of the original empire to improve the convergence speed of the algorithm. Then, based on the improved ICA , a MPPT simulation model of photovoltaic array is constructed. Finally, static and dynamic performances of the improved algorithm for photovoltaic array MPPT are simulated and compared. The results show that the improved ICA can accurately track the static situation, with the tracking time of 0.18 s and the dynamic maximum power tracking time of 0.19 s, with an error of 0.9%. It shows that the proposed method can not only realize the dynamic and static MPPT under different shadows, but also improve the tracking accuracy and response speed.

Large flexible airship is an important platform for“long stay in the air”in near space.It is of important national defense and civil value.It is one of the hotspots in the field of structural engineering of aerostat in recent years.The main airbag is the core structural component of the flexible airship.In order to study the influence of the flow field around the main airbag of the large flexible airship on its modal performance,the air around the main airbag of the flexible airship is assumed as incompressible fluid,adding the influence of air vibrating with the airbag as an additional mass to the capsule structure.The dry and wet modal analysis of the main airbag under 5 different internal pressures is completed by the additional mass calculation method based on the potential flow theory.The first three order of vibration modes and frequencies of the internal pressure of the main airbag at 2、4、6、8 and 10 k Pa is obtained by experiment.The test and analysis results show that:the first 3 order of vibration frequencies of dry and wet mode gradually increase with the increase of internal pressure,under the same internal pressure,the wet modal frequency of the main airbag reduced when considering the influence of the air surrounding the airbag body with the structural vibration.

The surface of nano-TiO2 was modified by a silane coupling agent KH570, and the photosensitive resin was modified by blending the modified nano-TiO2 with three-dimensional (3D) printing light-curing resin. The modified nano-TiO2 powder was characterized by infrared spectrum, X-ray diffraction, contact angle test, and scanning electron microscope. The effects of different content of modified TiO2 on the viscosity, curing shrinkage, tensile strength, elongation at break, hardness, thermal stability, and cross-section morphology of 3D printing photosensitive resin were studied. The results showed that the mechanical properties of epoxy resin were improved obviously after surface modification with a silane coupling agent. When the mass fraction of TiO2 was 1.5%, the mechanical properties of the molded parts were the best. The tensile strength, impact strength, and elongation at break were increased by 51.1, 43.8, and 10.8%, respectively, and the hardness value was maintained at 81–83 HD. The addition of modified TiO2 can improve the heat resistance of the epoxy resin. When the amount of TiO2 is 1.5%, the T 50%, T max, and carbon residue rate of the epoxy resin are increased by 3.44°C, 6.34°C, and 25.3%, respectively.

Underwater Bionic Robot swarm has the advantages of high redundancy, flexible mobility and wide range of task execution, which can be applied to underwater environment monitoring, underwater target monitoring, resource exploration and other fields. For a long time, the problem of energy consumption is the focus on the application of Underwater Bionic Robot swarm engineering. This article draws on the sports advantages of biological clusters, from the perspective of hydrodynamic analysis, summarizes the domestic and foreign research status of key energy-saving technologies of underwater bionic robot clusters. The main content includes a summary on the development status of the three key technologies of biological cluster movement energy saving mechanism, underwater bionic robot vortex field information perception and cluster cooperative control, and analysis and summary of the development trend of key energy-saving technologies of underwater bionic robot cluster.

The formation mechanisms of the precursor film (PF) at high temperature were reviewed, i.e., surface diffusion mechanism, evaporation-condensation mechanism, subcutaneous infiltration mechanism, and rapid absorption then film overflow mechanism. In the experimental metallic systems, the most possible mechanism is the subcutaneous infiltration mechanism, which is related to the apparent contact angle, contact radius, height of gap between the substrate metal and oxide film. In the metal/ceramic system, the formation of precursor film is usually rapid absorption then film overflow mechanism. The appearance of PF for adsorption mechanism needs to meet the contradiction of relative inertia and high affinity at the liquid/solid interface. Meanwhile, another possible mechanism of precursor film in high temperature reactive wetting system, namely film transport mechanism, is introduced. It was pointed out that the difficulty of studying precursor film lies in the unpredictability and instability of precursor film, and its development direction should be systematic, and the corresponding theoretical model should be established.

Oral anticoagulants can effectively reduce the risk of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation. However, patients with atrial fibrillation and chronic renal insufficiency have an increased risk in both stroke and bleeding, making anticoagulant therapy challenging. Compared with traditional anticoagulant warfarin, non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants are non-inferior to warfarin in efficacy and safety. They don't require routine monitoring of the international normalized ratio and have better patient compliance. However, all the non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants are partially metabolized through kidneys to a varying degree, and thus their administration in patients with atrial fibrillation and chronic renal insufficiency is controversial. This review summarizes the administration of oral anticoagulants in these patients to guide clinical practice.

The rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) industry is accompanied by various social ethical risks, and the consequences of these risks have gradually emerged. Allowing humans to securely enjoy the major benefits of AI technology has become an important task of AI supervision. In this article, we first analyze the focus issues of AI ethics, including the distribution of machine and human rights, social trust crisis of AI, security of data and algorithms, as well as confirmation of rights and attribution of liability. Subsequently, we summarize the development paths and policy status of AI industry in China and abroad, and analyze the demand for AI ethical supervision in China from multiple dimensions. Furthermore, we suggest that the supervision scope of AI should be extended in a staged manner based on the technical progress of AI. To create better global development opportunities for China’s AI industry, a multi-dimensional supervision framework that combines ethics, law, and policy should be established, a sufficient social discussion space should be provided for all stakeholders to participate in public discussion on AI security, scientific and technological ethics supervision organizations of multiple levels should be improved in an orderly manner, and China should actively participate in the formulation of AI international rules.

High-purity and bulk Ta4AlC3 ceramics were successfully fabricated by spark plasma sintering (SPS) and subsequent heat treatment, using the raw materials including TaC and Ta2AlC powders. These raw materials were first synthesized by self-propagation high temperature synthesis from elements tantalum, aluminium and carbon black powders, followed by pressure-less sintering. The as-fabricated bulk Ta4AlC3 was relatively stable when subjected to heat treatment at elevated temperature of 1500°C. Moreover, prolonging the heat treatment time resulted in bigger grain sizes and higher densities of the Ta4AlC3. The flexural strength and the fracture toughness of the Ta4AlC3 fabricated by SPS were found to be 411MPa and 7.11MPa•m1/2, respectively. After the heat treatment at 1500°C for 8 h, the flexural strength and the fracture toughness of the Ta4AlC3 could reach 709MPa and 9.23MPa•m1/2, respectively. The special structural characteristics of the ternary ceramics and the increase of density after the heat treatment are the main reasons for the variation in mechanical properties of ternary ceramics.