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The study of tectonic activity holds great significance in assessing historical and modern seismic risks. The Weihe Graben is a significant intracontinental graben system in China, with numerous active faults that have caused a series of earthquakes, including the Huaxian great earthquake (M ∼ 8.5) in 1556 with approximately 830,000 deaths. Despite the obvious spatial relationship between the Weihe fault (WF) and these earthquakes, detailed research on the fault is still lacking. Various techniques including remote sensing images, digital elevation model, shallow seismic lines, trench excavation, drilling sections, and optically stimulated luminescence dating, have been utilized to obtain the following results: (1) The WF passes through the scarp of the Weihe River terrace in the north of Xianyang and can be divided into east and west sections at Jinjia village; (2) The WF is a normal fault that strikes northeast and dips south with a dipping angle of 65°–75°; (3) The fault has been active during the Holocene; (4) The vertically offset and dating results suggest that the fault activity has gradually decreased since the late Pleistocene, and the vertical slip rate during the Holocene is only 0.04–0.13 mm/year.

For the timeliness of millimeter-wave secure beamforming in mobile scenarios and the robustness of secure connections in millimeter-wave dynamic eavesdropping scenarios, a multi-agent secure cooperative communication scheme based on a dueling double deep Q network (D3QN)-deep deterministic policy gradient (DDPG) algorithm was proposed to address communication security issues. The scheme utilized road side unit (RSU)-assisted cooperative jamming technology to reduce the eavesdropper’s reception quality of confidential signals. The optimization problem was formulated to maximize the total secrecy rate of all legitimate vehicles by optimizing the joint base station and beam connection control of the VUs, the selection of the jamming RSUs, and the cooperative jamming direction and transmit power of RSUs. Furthermore, for the challenges posed by the high dynamics of vehicular networks, the scheme achieved a fusion of real-time discrete and continuous decision-making by creating a VU agent grounded in D3QN and an RSU agent harnessing D3QN-DDPG capabilities. Finally, through multi-dimensional performance analysis and scheme comparison experiments, simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.

Abstract Background Mongolia introduced liver transplantation 10 years ago, becoming the 46th country globally to successfully perform this procedure. However, the cost of liver transplantation treatment remains expensive in Mongolia, a lower-middle-income country. Thus, the need to calculate the cost of liver transplants, a highly-valued treatment, forms the basis for this study. Methods This study employed a retrospective research design with secondary data. The primary dataset comprised 143 cases of liver transplantation performed at the First Central Hospital of Mongolia between 2011 and 2021. Results The average cost of a liver transplant in Mongolia is $39,589 ± 10,308, with 79.6% being direct costs and 20.4% indirect costs. Of the direct costs, 71% were attributed to drugs, medical equipment, and supplies, while 8.6% accounted for salaries. In terms of the Model of End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) scores, treatment costs were $39,205 ± 10,786 for patients with MELD ≤ 14 points, $40,296 ± 1,517 for patients with MELD 15–20 points, $39,352 ± 8,718 for patients with MELD 21–27 points, and $39,812 ± 9,954 for patients with MELD ≤ 28 points, with no statistically significant difference (P = 0.953). However, when calculated according to the Child-Turcotte-Pugh (CTP) score classification, treatment cost for CTP-A patients was $35,970 ± 6,879, for CTP-B patients $41,951 ± 12,195, and for CTP-C patients $37,396 ± 6,701, which was statistically significant (Р=0.015). Conclusion The average cost of liver transplantation treatment in Mongolia was $39,589. Despite medical facilities’ capacity to treat up to 50 patients annually, the waiting list exceeds 300 individuals, highlighting significant unmet healthcare needs.

Abstract Background and Aim We aimed to explore the associations of baseline and cumulative cardiovascular health with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) development and regression using the new Life’s Essential 8 score. Methods From a health screening database, participants who underwent at least 4 health examinations between 2012 and 2022 were recruited and categorized into two cohorts: (a) the NAFLD development cohort with no history of NAFLD prior to Exam 4 and (b) the NAFLD regression cohort with diagnosed NAFLD prior to Exam 4. The LE8 score was calculated from each component. The outcomes were defined as newly incident NAFLD or regression of existing NAFLD from Exam 4 to the end of follow-up. Results In the NAFLD development cohort, of 21,844 participants, 3,510 experienced incident NAFLD over a median follow-up of 2.3 years. Compared with the lowest quartile of cumulative LE8, individuals in the highest quartile conferred statistically significant 76% lower odds (hazard ratio [HR] 0.24, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.21–0.28) of NAFLD incidence, and corresponding values for baseline LE8 were 42% (HR 0.58, 95% CI 0.53–0.65). In the NAFLD regression cohort, of 6,566 participants, 469 experienced NAFLD regression over a median follow-up of 2.4 years. Subjects with the highest quartile of cumulative LE8 had 2.03-fold (95% CI, 1.51–2.74) higher odds of NAFLD regression, and corresponding values for baseline LE8 were 1.61-fold (95% CI, 1.24–2.10). Conclusion Cumulative ideal cardiovascular health exposure is associated with reduced NAFLD development and increased NAFLD regression. Improving and preserving health behaviors and factors should be emphasized as an important part of NAFLD prevention and intervention strategies. Graphical Abstract

Objective To evaluate the impact of peripheral nerve aggression (PNI) on prognosis in patients with stage Ⅰ-Ⅲ early-onset colorectal cancer (EO-CRC) and to create a PNI-based nomogram prediction model. Methods This study analyzed data on 5 920 EO-CRC patients aged 50 years and younger enrolled in the U.S. Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database from 2010 to 2015. The patients were divided into the training group (n=4 164) and the validation group (n=1 756) by a ratio of 7∶3. Kaplan-Meier survival curve was drawn and Cox proportional risk model was used for univariate and multivariate prognosis analysis. Based on the significant variables of the multivariate model, a nomogram was constructed, and the predictive ability was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC), calibration curve and decision curve analysis (DCA). Results Compared with PNI negative patients, PNI positive patients tended to be young, lesions located in the left colon, with poorer differentiation, higher TNM stage, chemotherapy intervention, and higher CEA level (P＜0.05). Kaplan-Meier curve suggested that PNI positive group had a worse prognosis than PNI negative group. Cox univariate analysis suggested that age, sex, degree of tumor differentiation, TNM stage, T stage, N stage, whether to receive radiation therapy, whether to receive chemotherapy, CEA level, maximum tumor diameter and PNI status were variables affecting the survival and prognosis of patients. Multivariate analysis showed that PNI was an independent prognostic indicator for patients with stage Ⅰ to Ⅲ EO-CRC (HR=1.73, 95%CI: 1.44-2.08, P＜0.01). The area under ROC curve of nomogram model based on PNI was more than 0.7 in both 3-year and 5-year lifetime. Conclusion PNI can be used as an independent prognostic marker in patients with stage Ⅰ-Ⅲ EO-CRC, and PNI-based nomogram model can be used as an effective prognostic tool.

In order to study the influence of the heat storage coefficient of the furnace side evaporation section and superheating section on the primary frequency modulation capacity of the thermal power unit under the deep modulation working conditions, a refined simulation model suitable for the thermal power under the deep modulation working condition was built, based on the typical model in the transient stability program PSD-BPA, and the control logic of the thermal power unit under the actual furnace-machine coordination mode. The correctness of the model was verified by the actual primary frequency modulation data of a DC furnace with a rated power Pe of 1 000 MW at 35%Pe working conditions. Through the simulation model, the influence of the heat storage coefficient of the evaporation section and the superheat section of the furnace side on the primary frequency modulation capacity of the unit under the deep modulation condition was explored. It is found that the smaller the heat storage coefficient of the evaporation section on the furnace side, the stronger the primary frequency modulation response ability of the unit. The larger the heat storage coefficient of the superheated section on the furnace side, the more friendly it is to the primary frequency modulation of the unit. The frequency regulation capability of the unit can be improved by increasing or decreasing the heat storage coefficient in the evaporation and overheat sections. In addition, the refined model of primary frequency regulation established can provide analysis of the margin of primary frequency regulation for thermal power units for power production and regulatory authorities, which is beneficial for the safety of new power systems.

With the progress of medical and health conditions, the incidence and mortality of encephalitis and meningitis caused by traditional pathogens have decreased. However, due to the change of pathogen spectrum of neurological infection, the improvement of detection methods of neurological infection pathogens and the emergence of new evidence of pathogens causing neurodegenerative diseases, it is necessary to rethink the clinical characteristics and diagnosis and treatment of neurological infectious diseases (NID). At the same time, post-infectious/para-infectious nervous system diseases (PPINDs) that do not directly enter the central nervous system are increasing after the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic. Therefore, we propose to attach importance to the disciplinary characteristics and discipline construction of Infectious Neurology with NID and PPINDs as the two major themes, and to improve the diagnosis and treatment of NID and PPINDs through multi-disciplinary cooperation and specialized training.

[Objective] Slug flow is one of the main gas-liquid two-phase flow regimes. Its fluctuation characteristics not only impact the safe operation of multi-phase pumps and the measurement accuracy of multi-phase flowmeters but also arouse flow-induced vibrations in various pipeline sectors, such as elbows, valves, and places where pipelines are connected in parallel. Therefore, conducting a systematic study on fluctuation frequencies induced by slug flow is of utmost importance for securing the operation safety of these pipelines and associated fittings. [Methods] By leveraging the dynamics model of slug flow and recognizing the inherent continuity wave characteristics of slug flow, a novel continuity wave model was developed. This model employed the Strouhal number to characterize the dimensionless fluctuation frequencies induced by slug flow. Through extensive literature investigations, existing empirical calculation models for fluctuation frequencies induced by slug flow in horizontal pipelines were summarized. Additionally, an experimental study was conducted to examine fluctuation frequencies induced by air-water two-phase slug flow in a 30 m long horizontal pipeline with an inner diameter of 24 mm. Conducting probes were used to measure the fluctuation frequencies within the parameter ranges of 0.23 m/s to 1.85 m/s for superficial liquid velocity and 0.88 m/s to 10.0 m/s for superficial gas velocity. The experimental data and calculation results based on the new model were taken to compare with the prediction results obtained using 12 different empirical formulas proposed by various scholars. [Results] Analysis of the experimental data revealed that the fluctuation frequencies induced by continuity waves in slug flow increased with rising superficial liquid velocities, approximating a linear trend. At low superficial liquid velocities, the fluctuation frequency initially decreased and subsequently increased with the increase of superficial gas velocities. However, the influence of superficial gas velocities on slug frequencies became less noticeable at high superficial liquid velocities. The proposed model had an average relative error of approximately -15%, lower than the mean level observed in the empirical formulas, and the root-mean-square relative error was the lowest, approximately 26%. [Conclusion] Error analysis demonstrates that the prediction results of fluctuation frequencies induced by slug flow obtained from the proposed continuity wave model align more closely with the experimental data compared to those obtained from existing empirical formulas, exhibiting a greater degree of scattering.

Objective·To investigate the effect of neferine (Nef) on renal tissues of diabetic nephropathy (DN) rats and its related mechanism.Methods·DN model rats were constructed by feeding high-fat diet combined with intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin, and the successfully constructed rats were randomly divided into DN group, Nef (low, medium and high) dose groups and Nef high-dose+pathway antagonist (AMD3100) group, with 10 rats in each group. At the same time, 10 common rats were selected as the normal group. The levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG), 24 h urinary protein, serum glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), serum creatinine (Scr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and renal index of rats in the six groups were measured. Hematoxylin-eosin (H-E) and Masson staining were used to observe the pathological changes of renal tissues. The content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in renal tissues was determined by thiobarbituric acid (TBA) method, and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in renal tissues were determined by water soluble tetrazolium (WST-1) method and ammonium molybdate method, respectively. The mRNA and protein expressions of stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) and CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) in renal tissues were detected by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and Western blotting, respectively. Rat renal tubular epithelium cells NRK-52E were induced by high glucose (30 mmol/L glucose) to establish DN cell model. The cells were divided into control group, high glucose (HG) group, HG+Nef (low, medium and high) dose (i.e.HG+Nef-L, M and H) group, and HG+Nef-H +AMD3100 group. SOD and CAT activities were detected by WST-1 method and ammonium molybdate method, respectively. MDA content was detected by TBA method. The mRNA and protein expressions of SDF-1 and CXCR4 were detected by qPCR and Western blotting, respectively. CCK-8 method and flow cytometry were used to detect cell viability and apoptosis rate, respecti-vely.Results·Compared with the DN group, the levels of FBG, 24 h urinary protein, HbA1c, Scr, BUN, renal index and MDA content in Nef (low, medium and high) dose groups and Nef high-dose+AMD3100 group were decreased, the mRNA and protein expressions of SDF-1 and CXCR4 were increased, and the activities of SOD and CAT were increased (all P

[Objective] The spatial and temporal distribution of water yield at Yunlong Reservoir basin (one of the sources of drinking water in Kunming) from 2001 to 2020 was studied in order to provide a scientific basis for the sustainable development of a water yield service function, and for constructing an ecological compensation mechanism and ecological protection policies. [Methods] We used the InVEST model and the ArcGIS spatial geographic analysis tool to determine the spatial and temporal changes of water yield. The factors influencing these changes were compared and analyzed by multi-scenario analysis and the difference comparison method. [Results] ① The water yield of Yunlong Reservoir basin showed seasonal distribution characteristics, mostly concentrated in summer. From 2001 to 2020, the water yield of Yunlong Reservoir basin initially decreased and then increased. The average water yield per unit area in the three study phases were 495 mm, 278 mm, and 364 mm, respectively. ② Water production gradually increased spatially from southwest to northeast, with high values located in the northeast and low values in the middle. ③ The contribution rates of land use change, precipitation, and potential evapotranspiration to water yield change at Yunlong Reservoir basin from 2001 to 2020 were 1.93%, 85.66%, and 12.41%, respectively. [Conclusion] Climate was the dominant factor affecting water yield changes at Yunlong Reservoir basin, and changes in land use type had the smallest impact on water yield. The annual water yield of forest land was the highest among the land use types. In the future, efforts should be made at Yunlong Reservoir basin to reduce the waste heat released to the atmosphere by human production activities and life, to strengthen the construction and protection of water conservation forests, and to reduce the negative impacts of human activities on climate which are the results of changing the underlying surface properties.

The aim of this study is to investigate certain genetic features of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICCA). A total of 12 eligible ICCA patients were enrolled, and tumor tissues from the patients were subjected to next-generation sequencing of a multi-genes panel. Tumor mutation burden (TMB), mutated genes, copy number variants (CNVs), and pathway enrichment analysis were performed. The median TMB was 2.76 Mutation/Mb (range, 0–36.62 Mutation/Mb) in ICCA patients. The top two most commonly mutated genes in ICCA were KRAS (33%) and TP53 (25%). The co-mutations of KRAS and TP53 were 16.7% (2/12) in ICCA patients. Notably, patient P6 with the highest TMB did not have KRAS and TP53 mutations. Additionally, TP53 and/or KRAS alterations were significantly associated with poor progression-free survival than those with wild type (1.4 months vs 18 months). DNA damage repair and homologs recombinant repair deficiencies were significantly associated with high TMB in ICCA cases. In conclusion, we found that certain genetic mutations of TP53 and KRAS could predict poor prognosis in ICCA patients.

The build-up and occurrence of earthquakes are due to the accumulation and release of stress in fault zones. When subjected to tectonic extrusion stress, the crystal structure of the minerals within a fault zone will change. In this study, Raman spectroscopy analysis was conducted on the concurrently deposited quartz veins from Shenxigou, along the Yingxiu-Beichuan fault, and from Niyang River mouth, in the southern section of the Milin fault. The test results reveal a 3.29 cm−1 shift in the characteristic 464 cm−1 peak of the quartz in the veins along the fault plane of the Yingxiu-Beichuan fault, which was significantly lower than the shifts in the quartz peaks of the quartz on both sides of the vein. The 464 cm−1 peak shifts of the samples collected 10 m to the NW and 21 m to the SE of the fault plane were approximately 4.40 and 4.62 cm−1. In the veins from the Milin fault, considerable shifts of the 464 cm−1 quartz peaks occurred at the fault plane and to both sides within 5.5 m of the fault plane. No significant change in the 464 cm−1 Raman peak of quartz was observed for the samples 5–28 m to the SE of the fault plane. These results indicate that the tectonic extrusion stress accumulated more easily in proximity to the fault plane, resulting in significant changes in the crystals near the fault plane. We conclude that there is a correlation between the degree of change in the crystal structures of the minerals in thrust fault zones and fault activity, and such a correlation can provide a new method for studying the activity of thrust faults in areas with bedrock.

Iron is essential for living organisms. Iron-containing proteins play a key role in cell function, while iron overload produces reactive oxygen species through electron transfer, resulting in DNA damage, oxidative stress, metabolic disorder and tissue as well as organ dysfunction. Liver is the main organ of iron storage and is related to regulating the metabolism, utilization and excretion of iron and maintaining iron homeostasis. Iron overload is common in patients with liver diseases, which is closely related to the occurrence and development of liver diseases.

The power grid is the core of power energy transmission and distribution in modern society and is affected by many factors, such as the number and variety of its equipment and the intricate structure of the grid, which leads to a more severe situation that the safe operation of the power grid will face. This paper gathers data on the operational status of grid equipment, historical maintenance records, customer complaints, and more. It then employs Monte Carlo simulation sampling to select and analyze the risk state of the grid system, as well as to determine the overall risk probability of the calculation system and the level of consequence indicators. An improved Dijkstra algorithm is applied to plan the optimal path for UAV grid inspection. Based on the inspection and risk assessment results, work orders are automatically generated and assigned to the corresponding maintenance personnel. Simulation results show that the proposed method obtains two optimal inspection schemes, TSP and EETSP. The TSP scheme obtains the shortest path when the inspection data volume is 50 Mbits, and the EETSP scheme obtains the shortest moving time when the inspection data volume is 200 Mbits. The UAV-cooperative transmission line inspection path planning method proposed in this paper can improve grid inspection efficiency and effectively solve the optimal path planning problem in large inspection areas.

This study delves into optimizing daylighting in buildings in cold regions, employing an innovative neural network approach to enhance natural lighting efficiency. Cold climates present unique challenges for daylighting, making it essential to improve indoor lighting conditions, reduce energy usage, and enhance occupant comfort. Traditional design methods fall short in optimizing daylighting due to their inability to effectively navigate complex environmental factors and building configurations. We introduce an advanced neural network model that pioneers efficiency and innovation in the daylighting design of cold buildings. This model leverages the GA-PSO-BP framework, integrating Genetic Algorithms (GA), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), and Back-Propagation (BP) neural networks to create a potent optimization tool. Our approach focuses on refining key design parameters such as building orientation, floor height, plan depth, and external window design. Notably, specific adjustments to building orientation and floor height significantly boost daylight autonomy (DA) and helpful daylight illuminance (UDI) while maintaining the daylight glare probability (DGP) within optimal limits. Our findings reveal that optimizing building orientation can elevate DA and DGP values by 4.756% and 0.037325, respectively. Similarly, adjustments to floor height can enhance DA, UDI, and DGP values to 51.833%, 51.278%, and 0.361377, respectively. This refined neural network model demonstrates a robust capability to improve daylighting performance in cold-region buildings, offering fresh perspectives and methodologies toward the sustainable evolution of architectural design.

In this paper, we first construct an online learning community using the social network cascade model, giving the specific structure and specific roles of the model. Secondly, the social network cascade model is constructed by utilizing multi-sequence temporal coding, temporal bi-directional graph convolutional network and GRU encoder with an attention mechanism. Finally, the effectiveness of the model in the development of English teachers’ professional quality in colleges and universities is verified through the comparative validation of the model and the practical application of the network learning community. The results show that English teachers’ professional quality development scores are high, with a mean score of 5.554. The English posttest scores of the experimental class in the comparison experiment increased by 2.12 points compared with the previous test, with two-tailed Sig.=0.024>0.05. This shows that the network learning community can effectively improve the professional quality development of English teachers and further enhance the student’s English learning performance.

With the accelerated advancement of big data Internet development, people gradually realize the urgency and importance of energy saving, so the multi-objective optimization research for the performance of office buildings in cold regions is significant, and this paper focuses on the construction of a building window design model based on visual comfort supported by multi-objective evolutionary algorithm- taking office buildings in cold regions as an example, firstly, by reviewing the literature to understand the principle, algorithm, and concept of multi-objective evolution, construct the building window design model based on visual comfort according to the objective function and extract the standard model of inner corridor slab space building in office buildings in cold regions of Harbin and Shenyang. The optimized design of building window parameters was carried out using the established joint simulation and optimization work platform. The results show that for Harbin, as the window heat transfer coefficient increases, the heating energy consumption increases, the cooling energy consumption increases more slowly, and the total energy consumption increases linearly. An increase in window heat transfer coefficient by 0.1W/ (m2 ∙K) Increases are cooling energy consumption by 0.18%, heating energy consumption by 0.78%, and total energy consumption by 0.46%. For Shenyang, as the window heat transfer coefficient increases, the heating energy consumption increases, the cooling energy consumption increases more slowly, and the total energy consumption increases linearly. If the heat transfer coefficient of the window increases by 0.1W/ (m2 ∙K), cooling energy consumption increases by 0.18%, heating energy consumption increases by 0.78%, and total energy consumption increases by 0.46%. This study provides a theoretical basis for extracting standard models for other building types while making the results more generalizable and improving the efficiency of sustainable office building design.

Cervical cancer continues to be a concern, and the prognosis of locally advanced cervical cancer remains poor. IMPA2 was previously identified as a potential oncogene and regulator of tumor apoptosis. In this study, we aim to further elucidate the underlying mechanisms of IMPA2 gene in the regulation of cervical cancer apoptosis. First, we identify AIFM2 as an upregulated gene in IMPA2-silenced cervical cancer cells, and inhibition of AIFM2 reverses IMPA2 knockdown-induced apoptosis. Further study reveals that AIFM2 regulates cell apoptosis in a mitochondrial-dependent manner with a redistribution of mitochondrial membrane potential and intracellular Ca 2+ levels. However, the analysis of the STRING database and our experimental results show that AIFM2 has little effect on cervical cancer progression and survival. Further mechanistic study demonstrates that IMPA2 and AIFM2 silencing inhibits apoptosis by activating p53. Meanwhile, the knockdown of IMPA2 enhances the chemosensitivity of cervical cancer cells by strengthening paclitaxel-induced apoptosis. Based on the above results, the IMPA2/AIFM2/p53 pathway may be a new molecular mechanism for paclitaxel treatment of cervical cancer and an effective strategy to enhance the sensitivity of cervical cancer cells to paclitaxel. Our findings display a novel function of IMPA2 in regulating cell apoptosis and paclitaxel resistance mediated by a disturbance of AIFM2 and p53 expression, potentially making it a novel therapeutic target for cervical cancer treatment.

To effectively monitor the reliability of civil aircraft flap deflection angle, combined with the quick access recorder(QAR), the collaborative intelligent moving Kriging(CIMK) method is proposed by absorbing the Kriging model, decomposition and co-ordination strategy, equilibrium optimizer(EO), and moving least square(MLS). Among them, the decomposition coordination strategy is used to deal with the relationship between the flaps left and right deflection angles. MLS is employed to select effective modeling samples and solve the undetermined coefficients of Kriging model. EO method is applied to determine optimizing the local compact support region radius of MLS. Firstly, the fault reason for flap left-right asymmetry is analyzed to clarify the main characteristic parameters in QAR data. Secondly, combined with the QAR data of relevant influencing parameters, the civil aircraft flap deflection model(limit state function) is constructed by using CIMK. Then, the reliability and influence of civil aircraft flap deflection angle are analyzed by Monte Carlo(MC) sampling method. The results show that when the flap deflection angle is 3°, the reliability is 0.450 2, and the important factors affecting the flap deflection angle are Mach number, left angle of attack, right angle of attack, etc. Compared with the response surface method(RSM), Kriging, support vector machine(SVM), and back-propagation-artificial neural network(BP-ANN), the average absolute error accuracy of the proposed method is relative improved by 53.02%, 51.43%, 49.03%, and 44.04%, the average relative error accuracy is relative improved by 68.36%, 66.76%, 64.41%, and 62.64%, and the modeling efficiency is relative improved by 50.62%, 26.35%, and 43.01% respectively compared with Kriging, SVM and BP-ANN. When the number of simulations is 103, the analysis accuracy is relative improved by 8.82%, 7.25%, 6.22%, and 3.98% respectively.

ObjectiveTo explore the feasibility of new test methods for evaluation of improving hypoxia tolerance function in health food.MethodsHypoxia tolerance experiments were carried out on mice. The zebrafish hypoxia model was established， and the improvement of zebrafish hypoxia movement and erythrocytosis were tested. A chemical hypoxia cell model was constructed with sodium disulfite， and cell activity and lactate dehydrogenase （LDH） activity were detected to verify their effect on hypoxia tolerance.ResultsCompared with normal control group， the hypoxia tolerance was improved in mice by health food sample. Compared with hypoxia model control groups， the sample improved zebrafish hypoxia， hypoxia-induced erycytosis， and alleviated the reduced cellular activity and increased LDH activity caused by cardiomyocyte hypoxia.ConclusionThe ability of the sample to improve hypoxia tolerance can be detected by three test systems in vitro as well as in vivo， and the introduction of alternative methods to animal testing for hypoxia tolerance tests is feasible.

This article is devoted to the study of the Bowen topological entropy for nonautonomous dynamical systems, which is an extension of the classical definition of Bowen topological entropy. We show that the Bowen topological entropy can be determined by the local entropies of measures for nonautonomous dynamical systems, which extends Ma and Wen’s result.

For expanding the application of rutile and meeting the market demand for special coatings with high temperature resistance to above 1 000 ℃, the optimal raw material ratio and coating process of high temperature resistant rutile coating were selected and determined through the orthogonal test on the basis of taking the temperature resistance and thermal expansion coefficient of the coating as the main inspection indicators. In addition, the influences of key factors on the high temperature resistance of the coating were studied. Results showed that, under the condition that the mass ratio of micron - level rutile∶hollow microbead powder∶rock fiber∶zircon sand was 45∶40∶10∶5, the mass ratio of sodium Silicate (Module 3)∶potassium fluosilicate was 20∶1, the aging temperature and time were 120 ℃ and 2 h respectively, and the coating thickness was 120 μm, the temperature difference between the two sides of the coating would be 1 050 ℃ after a calcination at 1 200 ℃ on one side for 5 min, and the thermal expansion rate would be 1.1×10-6/℃, indicating that the coating could meet the thermal insulation requirement of the battery pack of new energy vehicles and could be used in thermal power generation.

In order to investigate the dynamics characteristics of gears with constant relative curvature (CRC gears), a translation-torsional coupling dynamics model of the gear transmission system is established by instantly invoking the geometric parameters of the meshing points, considering the time-varying effects such as the direction of normal meshing force, sliding friction coefficient and meshing stiffness. The Range-Kutta method is utilized to solve the dynamics equations numerically; the model is verified to be correct by comparing with the finite element simulation results. The results show that the dynamic transmission error and the average mechanical efficiency of the two gears are close to each other; the sliding friction force and sliding friction coefficient of the CRC gear are smaller. The dynamics model can reflect dynamics characteristics of the CRC gear, which also applies to other non-involute cylindrical gear drives.

Li4Ti5-xYxO12 (x=0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20) anode materials were synthesized by ball milling assisted solid-state method used Li2CO3 and anatase TiO2 as raw materials and yttrium nitrate (Y(NO3)3·6H2O) as yttrium source. The phase and morphology of the materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), respectively. The electrochemical performance and transport characteristics of the materials were tested and analyzed by an electrochemical workstation. The results show that there is no effect of Y3+ doping on the spinel structure of LTO material. When x=0.15, the ion and electronic conductivities of the Li4Ti4.85Y0.15O12 sample are 2.68×10-7 S·cm-1 and 1.49×10-9 S·cm-1, respectively, which are an order of magnitude higher than that of the intrinsic LTO, and present good transport characteristics. Electrochemical tests show that a first discharge capacity of Li4Ti4.85Y0.15O12 sample can reach 171 mAh·g-1 at 0.1 C rate. The sample still has a higher specific capacity of 102 mAh·g-1 and 79 mAh·g-1 at a high rate of 10 C and 20 C, respectively.After 200 cycles, the capacity retention rates are 92.6% and 89.1% respectively, showing good magnification characteristics.

The damping capacitor is core component of converter valve. Effectively evaluating life of damping capacitor is of great significance for the evaluation of the converter valve state and the stady of the localization of the damping capacitor. First of all,combined with the application principle of the damping capacitor of the converter valve,a multi-frequency point equivalent temperature rise test method is proposed. By equivalently calculating the loss of damping capacitor during actual operation and flexibly selecting the frequency and current for the test,the internal temperature and thermal resistance of damping capacitor during actual operation can be accurately evaluated. Then,considering the actual operating environment and working temperature of the damping capacitor of the converter valve,the life-influencing factors are analyzed.A life prediction method combining aging test and curve fitting is proposed based on the classical life prediction model. The proposed method can shorten time and cost of the test. Finally,the internal temperature rise and thermal resistance of the capacitor during operation are analyzed in combination with the actual engineering parameters,and the expected life of the damping capacitor sample is further evaluated by the life prediction test. The obtained results meet the requirements of ultra high voltage direct current projects.

As an increasing number of Distributed Machine Learning (DML) tasks are hosted on cloud platforms in the edge-cloud continuum, Data Centers (DCs) with massive data and computational requirements have become one of the world’s largest energy consumers, leading to significant carbon emissions. Reducing energy consumption and carbon emissions is an extremely crucial and challenging issue for the sustainable development of cloud service providers. While utilizing renewable energy can help reduce the carbon emissions of DCs, the intermittent and unstable nature still causes DCs to rely heavily on high-carbon brown energy. For the resource-intensive and delay-tolerant DML tasks, this paper introduces multi-renewable energy in the geo-distributed continuum to address this issue, the spatiotemporal complementarity maximizes the renewable energy utilization and compensates for time-dependent energy differences with geographic advantages. Additionally, considering the dynamic differences in carbon intensity and electricity prices across distributed DCs in the continuum, we propose an energy and carbon-aware algorithm called ECMR for scheduling heterogeneous virtual machine creation tasks of DML among multi-clouds in different time zones. It is demonstrated that compared with the baseline methods, the ECMR significantly reduces the total power consumption, energy cost, and carbon emission of data centers while maintaining an acceptable service quality. The utilization of renewable energy in data centers has been significantly improved to 90.8% by flexibly leveraging the spatiotemporal complementarity of multi-renewable energy. Compared with existing competing algorithms, the proposed method exhibits significant improvements with an achieved average response time of 12.6 ms, and a task failure rate of 1.25%.

Renewable energy power position in the future power system is becoming more and more important because of its huge potential capacity and large potential market demand. Under the background of fossil energy supply crisis and the goal of carbon neutrality, renewable energy is the best substitution of fossil energy to achieve the goal of dual-carbon. The cumulative installed capacity of renewable energy power generation accounted for 45.4% of China in 2021. But its power generation only accounted for 28.9% of the whole country. The development and production capacity of hydropower is limited. The market share of renewable electricity is still very low. By listing the above situation and problems of renewable energy power generation industry in China, this study puts forward the following suggestions. To coordinate the energy supply with the environment protection, accelerate the development of renewable energy power generation industry, firstly, we need to build a multiple energy supply system including the renewable energy generation and a certain scale of thermal power for the sake of the energy supply security; secondly, the production capacity of hydropower is restricted by many conditions, while the potential of the other renewable energy reserves is huge. They are also the focus of future development; thirdly, it is necessary to improve the power consumption of renewable energy by building a high-level power transmission network to support long-distance power transmission, and a new type power generation system including supporting facilities in which renewable energy is at the main position, and using technological innovation and intelligence to solve the problems of grid connection and power consumption.

Chemical looping combustion has the advantages of inherent CO2 separation and significantly reducing the NOx production. The circulation reactors are the core site for oxygen carrier redox and fuel conversion. The current research status of chemical looping combustion pilot systems was analyzed from three aspects of reactor type, solid material circulation mode and design theory. At present, chemical looping combustion pilot plants with heat input of 10~3 000 kW have been established in the world, and the technical readiness level is sixth. The mainstream technical route of chemical looping combustion is that the air reactor and fuel reactor both adopt the fluidized bed. The system circulation flow rate of the chemical looping pilot plants is generally lower than 25.5 kg/(m2·s), which makes it difficult to achieve self-heating operation. Finally, we introduced the latest progresses including the theoretical research, the development of a high-efficiency carbon stripper, the design of a high-flux circulating flow rate chemical looping combustion unit, and the reactor system design, etc.

Abstract Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome (MetS), and the relationship between NAFLD and metabolic deterioration remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate dynamic changes in metabolically healthy phenotypes and to assess the impact of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) on the conversion from metabolically healthy (MH) to metabolically unhealthy (MU) phenotypes across body shape phenotypes and phenotypic change patterns. We defined body shape phenotypes using both the body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) and defined metabolic health as individuals scoring ≤ 1 on the NCEP-ATP III criteria, excluding WC. A total of 12,910 Chinese participants who were MH at baseline were enrolled in 2013 and followed-up in 2019 or 2020. During a median follow-up of 6.9 years, 27.0% (n = 3,486) of the MH individuals developed an MU phenotype. According to the multivariate Cox analyses, NAFLD was a significant predictor of conversion from the MH to MU phenotype, independent of potential confounders (HR: 1.12; 95% confidence interval: 1.02–1.22). For the MH-normal weight group, the relative risk of NAFLD in phenotypic conversion was 1.21 (95% CI 1.03–1.41, P = 0.017), which was relatively higher than that of MH-overweight/obesity group (HR: 1.14, 95% CI 1.02–1.26, P = 0.013). Interestingly, the effect of NAFLD at baseline on MH deterioration was stronger in the “lean” phenotype group than in the “non-lean” phenotype group at baseline and in the “fluctuating non-lean” phenotype change pattern group than in the “stable non-lean” phenotype change pattern group during follow-up. In conclusion, lean NAFLD is not as benign as currently considered and requires more attention during metabolic status screening.

Objective To investigate the effect of long non-coding RNA(lncRNA) lnc-SLC2A12-10:1 silencing on the proliferation, migration and invasion of gastric cancer cell line AGS. Methods Gene interference technology was used to construct the lnc-SLC2A12-10:1 silenced gastric cancer cell strain AGS, and RT-qPCR was used to verify the interference efficiency by lnc-SLC2A12-10:1 silencing. The proliferation of AGS cell was examined by CCK-8 method. The cell migration and invasion were evaluated by wound healing and Transwell assay. Bioinformatics prediction software was applied to predict lnc-SLC2A12-10:1 targeting miRNA and to verify them with RT-qPCR. Results Lnc-SLC2A12-10:1 shRNA effectively silenced expression of lnc-SLC2A12-10:1, and lnc-SLC2A12-10:1 silencing inhibited the proliferation of gastric cancer cells (P＜0.05). Lnc-SLC2A12-10:1 silencing also inhibited the migration and invasion of AGS cells (P＜0.05). It had been demonstrated that lnc-SLC2A12-10:1 targeting miRNAs might be hsa-miR-105-5p and hsa-miR-150-3p. Conclusions Lnc-SLC2A12-10:1 silencing can significantly inhibit the proliferation, migration and invasion of AGS cells.

A small subpopulation of colorectal cancer stem cells (CSCs) possess the ability to self-renew and the capacity to initiate the original tumor. EpCAMhigh/CD44+ cells are regarded as CSCs in colorectal cancer. The present study was undertaken to investigate the significance of EpCAM in the in vitro proliferation ability and oxaliplatin chemoresistance of EpCAMhigh/CD44+ colorectal CSCs.

Single-crystalline transition metal dichalcogenides (TMD) films are of potential application in future electronics and optoelectronics. In this work, a halide vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE) strategy was proposed and demonstrated for the epitaxy of molybdenum diselenide (MoSe2) single crystals, in which metal halide vapors were in-situ produced by the chlorination of molybdenum as sources for the TMD growth. Combined with the epitaxial sapphire substrate, unidirectional domain alignment was successfully achieved and monolayer single-crystal MoSe2 films have been demonstrated on a 2-inch wafer for the first time. A series of characterizations ranging from centimeter to nanometer scales have been implemented to demonstrate the high quality and uniformity of the MoSe2. This work provides a universal strategy for the growth of TMD single-crystal films.

The functionalized graphene, with prominent capability over expansion of interlayer spacing and enhancement of sodium ion diffusivity, has gained paramount interests in fabricating anode of sodium ion batteries(SIBs). Here, a poly(sodium 4-vinylbenzenesulfonate)graphene composite(PSS-rGO) was synthesized via an in situ insertion process. The insertion structure is based on the π-π interaction between the electron of graphene and the electron of PSS, which expands the interlayer spacing of rGO and, more importantly, stabilizes the structure of the composites, restrains the stack of graphene. Beyond that, the introduced sodium sulfonate groups are capable of increasing the diffusion rate of sodium ions for fast sodium ion adsorption, ensuring superior cycling performance. The performances of the simples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM), transmission electron microscopy(TEM), X-ray diffraction(XRD), Raman spectrometer(Raman), X-ray photoelectron spectrometer(XPS), electrochemical workstation and battery detection system. The results show the PSS-rGO remains a reversible capacity of 256 mAh·g-1 at 5 A·g-1 after 6000 cycles, with an ultralow decay rate of 0.003%. This work provides a feasible avenue for exploring advanced organic-inorganic hybrid materials with high capacity, fast sodium storage and ultralong lifespan for SIBs.

Objective To study the effect of fluoride varnish, glass ionomer and resin sealant on the prevention of pit and fissure caries in young children, and to identify an a method to reduce the sensitivity of operation technique to prevent pit and fissure caries in young children with limited moisture isolation. Methods A self-control design was used to select 370 young children aged 3 to 5. Eight molars in the mouth were distributed in four quadrants, and each quadrant was randomly allocated to the blank group, fluoride varnish Duraphat group, glass ionomer GC FujiⅦ group, and resin ClinproTM Sealant group. The retention rate of pit and fissure sealant and the incidence of primary molar caries were observed in the 6th, 12th, 24th and 36th months respectively. Results In the 6th month, 12th month and 24th month, there were no significant differences in the material retention rate between the GC Fuji Ⅶ group and ClinproTM Sealant group. In the 36th month, the retention rate of the ClinproTM sealant group was better than that of the GC Fuji Ⅶ group (P < 0.05). In the 6th month, the caries incidence in the Duraphat group, GC Fuji Ⅶ group and ClinproTM sealant group was significantly lower than that in the blank group (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference between the Duraphat group, GC Fuji Ⅶ group and ClinproTM sealant group. In the 12th month, 24th month and 36th month, the incidence of caries in the GC Fuji Ⅶ group and ClinproTM sealant group was lower than that in the Duraphat group and blank group (P < 0.001), but there was no significant difference between the blank group and Duraphat group, and there was no significant difference in caries incidence between the GC Fuji Ⅶ group and ClinproTM sealant group. Conclusion The GC Fuji Ⅶ and ClinproTM sealant treatments continuously and effectively prevented pit and fissure caries compared with simple fluoride application. However, in cases of limited cooperation and poor moisture isolation in young children, the preventive measures of glass ionomer pits and fissure sealants (GC Fuji Ⅶ) are simpler and more feasible.

Objective Postdoctoral program in clinical medicine is a new approach to China's exploration of medical elite training. Since 2016, the Department of Surgery of Peking Union Medical College Hospital has explored and gradually established an advanced training system in order to cultivate clinical post-doctoral skills. The purpose of this research is to review and analyze the construction process and training effects of the advanced skill-raining system, and discuss the advantages of the training system and the direction of further improvement. Methods Postdoctoral students of surgical clinical medicine from 2016 to 2019 were evaluated and analyzed on surgical skills, results of the establishment of the system, and the output of scientific research. Results With the currently established preliminary system of progressively training surgical skills, three generations of 26 clinical postdoctoral trainees of surgery have been successfully trained. The surgical postdoctoral students trained by this system have significantly higher annual assessment results of surgical skills than training residents of the same year. In addition, during the establishment of this system, 19 teaching-related reform projects have been established, and 14 papers related to this system have been published. Conclusions The advanced training system of surgical skills has shown obvious advantages in the training process of surgical postdoctoral doctors. The construction and perfection of the system still needs to be further improved in combination with the actual needs of postdoctoral surgeons in surgery and the goal of standardized training for residents.

Rural–urban migration has profoundly changed the traditional social structure and family relationships in China over the past 40 years. The goal of this study is to investigate the gender relationships between left-behind wives and migrant husbands in the context of Chinese rural–urban migration. Former studies have emphasized the importance of gender stratification in migration, demonstrating that the experiences of migrant women differ from those of migrant men. This study, however, shifts the focus onto left-behind wives, a vulnerable group in the countryside, whose husbands have migrated to a city. It examines the outcomes of Chinese rural–urban migration with regard to gender in a small Chinese village, which has been termed as the “patriarchal trap.” It finds that the disadvantaged position of wives left behind in rural migrant families is reflected in the following aspects. Firstly, the decision-making progress concerning migration and the discussions between rural wives and migrant husbands prior to undertaking migration reveals the dominant role played by rural men in taking such decisions with wives as passive participants. Secondly, despite the increase in responsibility, left-behind wives are still economically and psychologically dependent on their migrant husbands. Their wish to stay with their husbands often strengthens the gender stratification of their experiences. Thirdly, the gender difference between rural wives and migrant husbands is manifested in their differing attitudes toward and conceptualization of extramarital relationships, which reveals the privilege of migrant husbands and the vulnerability of their rural wives. The findings call for Chinese society to devote more attention to the issue of left-behind wives and provide more care to this vulnerable group in rural China.

Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the leading causes of cancer-associated death across the globe. Malignant ascites are the major clinical attributes in cancer patients. Despite the advancements in HCC treatments such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, surgery, and hormonal therapy, researchers are pursuing novel natural edible compounds for the treatment of cancer to eliminate dreadful side effects. Pleurotus ostreatus is one of the most edible cuisines in Asia as well as all over the world. It has been a source of nutritious diet since it was classified as an edible mushroom with no or negligible side effects. The present study focused on the natural anti-cancerous and anti-ascites capabilities of polysaccharides extracted from Pleurotus ostreatus in-vivo as well as in-vitro. Administration of polysaccharide Pleurotus ostreatus showed a significant decrease in tumor cell metastasis while the increase in the survival period among mice models of H22 malignant ascites. Downregulation of regenerative genes Foxp3 and Stat3 and secretion of immunological factors such as IL-2, TNF α, and INF γ were observed after treating with the partially pure extracted polysaccharide. Twining with the hypothesis of tumor suppression in-vivo model polysaccharide showed a decrease in invasion and migration abilities and henceforth responsible for the gene regulation such Cytochrome C which supposedly induced the chain of gene regulation process resulting in apoptosis in HCC cell lines observed in-vitro experiments. Collective research findings manifested that polysaccharide extracted from Pleurotus ostreatus bears anti-proliferative activity and thus influence tumor suppression in-vivo and in-vitro against hepatocellular carcinoma and can be used for therapeutic purposes as a potential anti-cancerous source in the future.

【Background and objective】 Water scarcity and non-point pollution are double whammies facing agricultural production in north China. Optimizing irrigation and fertilization to make agriculture greener and more energy-efficient is hence critical to sustaining food production. Henan province is one of the key agricultural production bases in China, and agriculture in most regions across the province relies on irrigation. The objective of this paper is to analyse how to improve economic and productive benefits by balancing irrigation and fertigation amount in these regions. 【Method】 Summer maize was taken as the example as it is a staple crop in the province. We considered three irrigation treatments and three fertilizations. Based on data obtained from irrigation and fertilization experiments, we first derived a regression model to quantify the dependence of crop yield and water use efficiency (WUE) on irrigation amount and fertilization amount, from which we further analysed the single-factor effect, marginal effect and coupling effect of irrigation and fertilization amounts on yield and WUE of the crop. The optimal irrigation and fertigation amounts for balancing the yield and WUE of the crop was solved using the non-dominated sorted genetic algorithm-II (NSGA-II) method. 【Result】 ①With the increase in irrigation and fertigation amounts, the yield and WUE of the crop increased first followed by a decline when their application rates exceeded their respective threshold values. ②Overall, the effects of soil water on yield and WUE of the crop were greater than that of fertilizer. ③ Water and fertilizer coupling positively impacted on maize yield and its WUE. 【Conclusion】 The optimal coupling of water and fertilizer application obtained in this paper for maize production in Henan province is as follows: irrigation amount 848.24 m3/hm2, ferlization amount 192.66 kg/hm2. Under these conditions, the maize yield was 10 667.52 kg/hm2 and its associated WUE was 3.11 kg/m3.

Repair of critical bone defects is a challenge in the orthopedic clinic. 3D printing is an advanced personalized manufacturing technology that can accurately shape internal structures and external contours. In this study, the composite scaffolds of polylactic acid (PLA) and nano-hydroxyapatite (n-HA) were manufactured by the fused deposition modeling (FDM) technique. Equal mass PLA and n-HA were uniformly mixed to simulate the organic and inorganic phases of natural bone. The suitability of the composite scaffolds was evaluated by material characterization, mechanical property, and in vitro biocompatibility, and the osteogenesis induction in vitro was further tested. Finally, the printed scaffold was implanted into the rabbit femoral defect model to evaluate the osteogenic ability in vivo. The results showed that the composite scaffold had sufficient mechanical strength, appropriate pore size, and biocompatibility. Most importantly, the osteogenic induction performance of the composite scaffold was significantly better than that of the pure PLA scaffold. In conclusion, the PLA/n-HA scaffold is a promising composite biomaterial for bone defect repair and has excellent clinical transformation potential.