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Tourism is a strategic pillar industry of the national economy, playing a role in cultural prosperity, national unity and stabilizing the border. Border ethnic areas in western China are rich in cultural and tourism resources, and promoting the high-quality development of cultural and tourism integration is an important hand in promoting the interaction, communication and integration of various ethnic groups and casting a firm sense of Chinese national community. Taking the border ethnic areas as the research object, based on the multi-indicator panel data from 2011 to 2020, we measure the level of high-quality development of culture and tourism, analyze the spatiotemporal evolution of the coordination degree, and identify the driving factors. The study found that: (1) The level of high-quality development of culture and tourism in the border ethnic areas is generally on the rise, the impact of the new crown epidemic on tourism is obvious in 2020, and the level of high-quality development of culture is higher than the level of high-quality development of tourism due to the influence of historical and cultural precipitation and cultural exchanges. (2) The degree of coordination of high-quality development of cultural and tourism integration in all provinces and regions is rising in fluctuation, and the level of coordination is gradually optimized. The coordination level of high- quality development of cultural and tourism integration is higher in Guangxi and Yunnan, forming the "Matthew effect". (3) The investment level, policy support, market supply and transportation conditions are the important driving force for the high-quality development of cultural and tourism integration in the border ethnic areas, among which the investment level shows the strongest utility. The results of the study provide theoretical basis and data support for the high-quality development of culture and tourism integration in border ethnic areas, which can help strengthen the construction of cultural tourism, realize the transformation and upgrading of tourism, and enhance the vitality and influence of culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The process of urbanization has accelerated in the recent decades, bringing with it an enormous impact on climate change. This paper examines the relationships between urbanization, energy consumption, and economic growth on carbon dioxide emissions in regions of China during the 1997–2019 period. Additionally, the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis is also examined. The cross-sectional dependence test indicates that no cross-sectional dependence is present in the panel data, and six unit root tests show that all variables are integrated on the order of one, I(1). Results of all cointegration tests provide evidence for a long-term equilibrium in the selected time series data. The fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) and the augmented mean group (AMG) estimator indicate that the EKC hypothesis is valid in all regions except Western China. Given its abundant renewable resources, this region can vigorously develop renewable energy and energy storage technology. Moreover, energy consumption can lead to emissions increasing, while it is not certain that urbanization leads to emissions decreasing. Clean technologies for energy and intensive development of urban area should be emphasized. Finally, the results of pairwise Dumitrescu-Hurlin (DH) Panel causality test between each pair of variables are complicated and mixed in different regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The spiroindolenine framework is a privileged heterocyclic motif and is widely present in numerous indole alkaloids. Herein, we develop a metal-free and environmentally friendly approach for the intramolecular cascade cyclization and dearomatization of indole derivatives to selectively afford iodinated and vinylic spiroindolenines by a substrate-controlled strategy. Simple operation, mild conditions, and high yield make this strategy a green and attractive pathway to construct functionalizable spiroindolenine scaffolds, which could be converted into diverse useful spiroindolenine derivatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the linkage of per capita carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, real GDP, renewable and non-renewable energy use and trade (exports and imports) in China covering 1965–2016. Long-run estimates present the invalidation of inverted U-shaped hypothetical environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) in three models based on the equations of import, export, and trade openness (% of trade in GDP), respectively. Long-run Granger causalities exist in the equations of emissions, real GDP, and non-renewable energy, respectively. Non-renewable energy conservation policy not only affects economic activity, but also influences CO2 emissions. The effect of renewable energy policy on CO2 emissions reduction is a long-term process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]