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Byline: J.-J. Yeh (), F.-Y. Liu (), W.-H. Hsu (), J.-J. Wang (), S.-T. Ho (), A. Kao () Abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the markers' clinical usefulness for early prediction of recurrence, by serial and simultaneous measurements of serum cytokeratin fragment 19 (CYFRA 21-1), before and after surgery on patients with non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC). The 48 patients enrolled in this study had adenocarcinoma of the lung (adenoCa) (including 24 patients with recurrence and 24 patients without recurrence 1 year after surgery) and 48 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the lung (SCC) (including 24 cases with recurrence and 24 without recurrence 1 year after surgery). Serial serum levels of CYFRA 21-1 were measured before the operation and 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, 9 months, and 12 months after surgery for the early detection of recurrence. The results revealed that (1) the mean serum values of CYFRA 21-1 were significantly higher beginning at 1 month after surgery in the 24 patients with recurrent adenoCa compared with the 24 patients without recurrent adenoCa, (2) mean serum values of CYFRA 21-1 were significantly higher beginning at 1 month after surgery in 24 patients with recurrent SCC when compared with 24 patients without recurrent SCC, and (3) mean serum values of CYFRA 21-1 were significantly higher beginning at 1 month after operation in the total 48 patients with recurrent NSCLC when compared with 48 patients without recurrent NSCLC. We conclude that CYFRA 21-1 is not a good marker for early prediction of NSCLC recurrence including adenoCa and SCC after surgery. Author Affiliation: () Department of Thoracic Medicine, Ping Tung Christian Hospital, and Mei Ho Institute of Technology, Ping Tung, Taiwan, TW () Department of Nuclear Medicine, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, TW () Division of Pulmonary/Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical College Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, TW () Department of Medical Research, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan, TW () School of Medicine, Nation al Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, TW () Department of Medical Research, China Medical College Hospital, No. 2, Yuh-Der Road, Taic hung 404, Taiwan, TW Article History: Accepted Date: 10/09/2002

Background: Up ‐ regulation of transient receptor potential vanilloid subfamily, member 1 (TRPV1) is associated with the development and maintenance of cancer pain. The present study aimed to investigate the electrophysiological function of the up ‐ regulated TRPV1 and the potential regulatory effects of insulin ‐ like growth factor ‐ 1 (IGF ‐ 1) on TRPV1 expression in peripheral nerves in a rat model of bone cancer pain. Methods: A bone cancer pain model of rats was established by injecting MRMT ‐ 1 (rat mammary gland carcinoma cells) breast cancer cells into the tibia bone cavity. Thermal hyperalgesia was assessed by paw ‐ withdrawal latency to a thermal stimulus, and mechanical allodynia was measured with von Frey monofilaments. TRPV1 and IGF ‐ 1 expression were examined with immunohistochemical staining and Western blot. TRPV1 current density of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons was measured with whole ‐ cell patch clamping recording technique. Results: Rats showed thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia 14–21 days after MRMT ‐ 1 inoculation into the tibia bone marrow. TRPV1 protein expression and its current density increased in DRG neurons. At the same time, IGF ‐ 1 expression increased in tibia bone cavity, and IGF ‐ 1 incubation increased total or membrane TRPV1 protein expression and TRPV1 current in primary cultured DRG neurons. Inhibition of IGF ‐ 1 receptors in vivo reversed mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia in rats with bone cancer pain. Conclusion: Our results provide novel evidence for the increase of IGF ‐ 1 in tibia bone marrow, which is responsible for the up ‐ regulation of TRPV1 expression and function in the peripheral nerves of bone cancer pain rats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Analyzes a ternary single electron tunneling phase logic element. Results of the analysis based on Monte Carlo simulations and an analytical treatment of a resistively loaded tunneling junction at low temperatures.