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Salah satu cabang ilmu linguistik yaitu semantik. Dalam ilmu semantik terdapat pembahasan mengenai relasi makna atau hubungan makna pada kata, frasa dan kalimat. Sumber data pada penelitian ini yaitu berita kecurangan pemilu pada media daring detik.com. Tujuan dilakukannya penelitian ini untuk mengetahui bentuk relasi makna yang terdapat pada media daring detik.com.Teknik analisis data pada penelitian ini melalui tiga tahap, yaitu reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian pada media daring detik.com ditemukan semua jenis relasi makna, yaitu sinonim, antonim, polisemi, homonimi, hiponimi, ambiguitas dan redundansi. Penggunaan relasi makna pada pemberitaan kecurangan pemilu dalam media daring detik.com dapat membuat pembaca menjadi tertarik dengan kalimat-kalimat dalam berita sehingga tidak merasa jenuh. Oleh karena itu, berbagai bentuk relasi makna diperlukan untuk memahami sebuah tulisan.

The government and schools have tried to strengthen the implementation of character education. However, there is no program to overcome radicalism. Everything returns to each individual, including the successful implementation of character education, which can at least minimize the influence of radicalism on the school environment. This study is intended to obtain a hypothetical model of Character-Based Leadership that can effectively affect the implementation of character education and efforts to combat radicalism. This research was conducted by studying phenomena that are part of the qualitative method. The object of this research is high school-level schools exposed to radicalism. The schools taken were two schools that had been exposed to radicalism. The subjects of this study were the principal, teachers, and students. Data collection was carried out by in-depth interview techniques, complemented by observation and document review. Data collection was carried out by several visits to the research field, cross-checking, primary data, and secondary data, complemented by literature studies and previous research. This study also meta-analyses several leadership models as a theoretical basis in producing character-based leadership components. The data processing of the results of this study was assisted by the NVIVO 12 Software to facilitate researchers in finding research results from so much field data. From the results of data analysis, researchers get many components of character values from character-based leadership, constructs, and frameworks in the implementation of character education. Finally, this study proposes the ideal character values possessed by someone who can be included in the category of character-based leadership who can become a leader in the implementation of character education and a leader who can prevent and overcome radicalism.

The purpose of this study is to uncover sociological and cultural conclusions about community dynamics in various dimensions. The method used in this research is to conduct a literature review relating to the historical trajectory of Nahdhatul Ulama (NU) as a primary data source. Besides, an analysis of various data and information obtained from literature and journals as a source of secondary data. Based on the results of data and information processing, it is concluding that NU, as a social organization in the religious, social movement, has a significant contribution to the socio-religious dimension. Contributions include spiritual, social, educational, environmental, and economic preservation, including improving communication between scholars, improving the quality of Islamic schools, selecting books studied in Islamic boarding schools, and establishing bodies to support agricultural activities and Muslim trade.

The lead contamination of the environment affects the life of organisms, as the quality of the environment influences and determines the quality of living things, both plants and animals. Therefore, remediations need to be taken so that the polluted land could be repurposed for various activities safely. Phytoremediation is a method that employs plants to move, detach, or stabilize pollutants in the form of eitherorganic or inorganic compounds. In this study, the Croton (Codiaeum varigatum) plant was used as a phytoremediator planted in pots. Three pots were observed:500 mg of Pb (NO3)2 was added to the first (T1) pot, 750 mg (T2) of Pb (NO3)2 was added up to the second (T2) pot, and no addition to the third (T0) pot. The parameters analyzed included plant biomass, the Pb content in plants, bioaccumulation factors, translocation factors, metal tolerance index, and photosynthetic pigment content. The results showed that Pb affected all of the analyzed parameters. Pb causes a decrease in the plant biomass and a downturn in chlorophyll a and b. The Pb accumulation in root > stem > leaf. The BAF value

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui metode Student Created Case Studies (SCCS) terhadap peningkatan hasil belajar siswa pada konsep pencemaran lingkungan di SMAN Satu Baros. Penelitian ini menggunakan populasi seluruh siswa kelas X SMAN Satu Baros. Sampel pada penelitian ini yaitu siswa kelas X3 yang ditentukan dengan teknik simple random sampling. Kemampuan kognitif siswa diukur menggunakan tes pilihan ganda, afektif diukur menggunakan angket dan psikomotor diukur menggunakan lembar observasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan rata-rata kemampuan kognitif siswa yaitu sebesar 70 dengan kategori baik, afektif sebesar 77,72 dengan kategori baik dan psikomotor sebesar 93,93 dengan kategori sangat baik. Penelitian kami menyimpulkan bahwa metode SCCS dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa dengan kategori baik sampai sangat baik. Kata kunci: Metode SCCS, Hasil Belajar, Pencemaran Lingkungan.

Feronia limonia (L.) Swingle better known as wood apple is an identity plant of Rembang Regency, Central Java Province, Indonesia. However, the population is very limited. In order to identify the conservation efforts, this ethnobotany study was aimed to determine traditional knowledge on the existence, economic value, utility, breeding technique and conservation of wood apple. The survey was conducted on a total of 102 local people from 10 sub-districts which were determined by proportionally stratified random sampling. Data were collected by questionnaires and individual interviews and then were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that all of respondents knew the figure of wood apple, but only 79.50% understood its status as an identity plant. Most of respondents (96%) stated that the fruits have low economic value, 80.39% respondents have utilized ripe fruit as ingredients of beverages and stems as firewood. This utilization was only equal to 29.72% compared to the potential usability based on research results. It was concluded that the traditional knowledge about the existence, economic value, and breeding technique were good and on the contrary, the knowledge about the plant’s usability was bad. The results will form a basic knowledge for in-depth studies to provide a government policy of Rembang Regency in order to develop an efficient strategy of management and conservation of wood apple as plant identity.

Bedak Salisil adalah bedak yang mengandung asam salisilat sebagai zat aktifnya. Bedak ini pada umumnya digunakan untuk menghilangkan keluhan gatal-gatal yang disebabkan oleh biang keringat, dan gangguan kulit lainnya. Kadar asam salisilat dalam bedak tidak boleh lebih dari 2% berdasarkan peraturan Badan POM. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah melakukan validasi metode dan menentukan kadar asam salisilat dalam sediaan kosmetika bedak tabur berlabel (bermerk) dan non label (tanpa merk) menggunakan metode spektrofotometri UV. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kurva kalibrasi linier dengan persamaan regresi y= 0,029x + 0,038 dan koefisien korelasi (r) sebesar 0,999. Persen perolehan kembali asam salisilat dalam sampel simulasi mempunyai rentang 91,28% - 96,71%. Koefisien variasi dalam hari sebesar 0,26%, sedangkan dalam antar hari nilai koefisien variasi adalah 0,25%, 0,33% and 0,26%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa uji validitas yang dilakukan menunjukkan bahwa metode spektrofotometri uv vis telah memenuhi persyaratan validasi. Enam sampel kosmetik bedak tabur yang dianalisis mengandung asam salisilat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kadar asam salisilat dalam produk kosmetik tidak melebihi batas maksimal dan aman untuk digunakan. Kadar asam salisilat yang diperoleh pada tiga sampel berlabel adalah 1,66%, 0,50% dan 0,19%. Kadar asam salisilat pada tiga sampel non label adalah 0,15%, 0,19% dan 0,09%.

Precision medicine can be developed by determining association between genomic data, represented by Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP), and phenotype of diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2D). The number of SNP is actually very abundance. Thus, sorting and filtering the SNP is required before conducting association. The purpose of this paper was to associate SNP with T2D phenotypes. SNP ranking was conducted to choose significant SNPs by calculating importance score. Selected SNPs were associated with T2D phenotype using random forest regression. Moreover, the epistasis was also examined to show the interactions among SNPs affecting phenotype. This paper obtained 301 importance SNPs. Top ten SNPs have association with five T2D protein candidates. The evaluation results of the proposed models showed the Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 0.062. This results indicate the success of random forest regression in conducting SNP and phenotype association and epistatic examination between two SNPs

Bakteri Penghasil IAA mampu menghasilkan fitohormon yang dapat mempercepat pertumbuhan tanaman. Hormon IAA adalah auksin endogen yang berperan dalam pembesaran sel, menghambat pertumbuhan tunas samping, merangsang terjadinya absisi, berperan dalam pembentukkan jaringan xilem dan floem, dan juga berpengaruh terhadap perkembangan dan pemanjangan akar. Hormon IAA merupakan hormon yang berperan dalam pertumbuhan dan perkembangan tanaman sehingga sintesis oleh bakteri tertentu merupakan alasan yang menyebabkan peningkatan pertumbuhan tanaman. Oleh karena itu masalah yang perlu dikaji dalam penelitian ini adalah apakah isolat bakteri endofit dari tanaman kacang tanah berpotensi sebagai penghasil IAA , bagaimana identifikasi bakteri endofit yang mempunyai kemampuan menghasilkan IAA, bagaimana pengaruh IAA terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman kacang hijau. Secara khusus penelitian bertujuan untuk mendapatkan isolat bakteri endofit penghasil IAA pada tanaman kacang tanah , menguji kemampuan isolat bakteri endofit menghasilkan IAA secara in vitro dan menganalisis IAA terhadap pertumbuhan dan perkembangan tanaman kacang tanah . Pelaksanaan penelitian dilakukan dalam 3 tahap, pertama isolasi bakteri endofit penghasil IAA pada bagian akar dan batangdilakukan pada medium umum untuk pertumbuhan bakteri , kedua menguji kemampuan bakteri endofit memproduksi IAA secara in vitro, dilakukan dengan cara menumbuhkan bakteri pada media yang mengandung triptofan.dan ketiga introduksi bakteri endofit penghasil IAA pada tanaman kacang hijau. Pengujian kadar IAA yang dihasilkan diukur dengan menggunakan spektrofotometer dengan panjang gelombang 535 nm. Kecambah yang tumbuh diamati setelah empat hari . Parameter yang diamati adalah panjang kecambah , jumlah akar lateral. Hasil Isolasi didapat 16 isolat yang mempunyai kemampuan menghasilkan IAA dengan kadar yang di hasilkan berbeda dengan karakteristik morfologi yang berbeda. Isolat yang menghasilkan kadar IAA tinggi di aplikasi ke kacang hijau. Pemberian IAA berpengaruh terhadap jumlah akar lateral tapi tidak berpengaruh terhadap panjang kecambah. Analisis lebih lanjut bahwa semua isolat berbeda signifikan dengan kontol kecuali isolat AT dalam pembentukan akar lateral. Isolat DM dan K1K1 mempunyai hasil yang tertinggi dalam pembentukan akar lateral.

An F2 rice population developed from a cross between a backcross inbred line (BIO-148) and its recurrent parent (IR64) was used to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) for awn, panicle exertion and total spikelet number. BIO-148 is a BC2F8 line derived from a cross between IR64 (a high-yielding lowland rice variety) and Gajah Mungkur (an upland tropical japonica rice variety). Two hundred plants were grown in the greenhouse, and their DNAs were isolated for genotyping using SSR markers. Panicle exertion was observed during the grain-filling stage. The awn length of the seed and the total spikelet number per panicle were observed after harvesting. A total of four QTLs were identified using single-marker regression with LOD>3, explaining 8.4-18.1% of phenotypic variation. A QTL for awn was identified on Chromosome 8. A QTL for incomplete panicle exertion was identified on Chromosome 4. Two QTLs for total spikelet number were identified on Chromosome 4, in which the BIO-148 allele contributed to a higher number of spikelets per panicle. The QTLs identified in this study will be useful in the improvement of yield potential for modern lowland indica rice varieties by harnessing the hidden useful alleles from upland tropical japonica rice varieties.

The study of “Pedagogical Content Knowledge Development of Science Prospective Teachers in Professional Practice Program” was conducted in one junior high school located in Bandung. The purpose of the study was to analyze the level and pattern of science prospective teachers’ PCK development as measured by CoRe. The study involved students who enrolled professionals practice program. Mixed methods, quantitative and qualitative research was utilized as a method in the study. Data collected by the coding and scoring of the CoRe instruments were analyzed quantitatively; and data gained from observation, documentation, and interviews were analyzed qualitatively. The results showed that the PCK of prospective teachers are in the maturing PCK (level 3) and growing PCK (level 2). There are two patterns of PCK development showed by prospective teachers i.e. rising and fluctuative. The prospective teachers who are in the mature PCK show the pattern of rising, whereas prospective teachers who are in the growing PCK show fluctuative pattern. The study reveals that external and internal factors influenced the development of PCK. The pattern of guidance, lesson study activities, and intensity guidance are external factors that influenced the pattern of prospective students’ PCK development. Psychological effect that exists between teachers and students, the motivation of self to expand the horizons of knowledge, communication skills, and teaching experiences are the internal factors that influenced the development of prospective teacher PCK. The study suggests that the development of prospective teachers PCK in the program can be improved when supervisor and prospective teachers put consideration to those internal and external factors that influence the development of PCK.

Carica pubescens Lenne & K. Koch is a rare species that need to be conserved. The research aim was to develop a slow growth method of in vitro conservation medium through determining some effects of nutrition decreasing availability in the conservation medium on growth and survival of explants. Establishing epicotyls reached from in vitro seed germination was grown on diluted basic medium of 75% MS (Murashige and Skoog), 50% MS, 25% MS, while osmoregulator compound of mannitol and sorbitol was added to the full MS medium in several concentrations. The treatments were arranged in a completely randomized design with three replications. The epicotyls were grown at storage medium for 12 and 16 weeks, then their survival were evaluated at regeneration medium and rooting medium. The diluted basic medium and osmoregulator addition were evaluated for its influence in retarding the culture growth in terms of improved survival over the period of 16 weeks. Data analyzed by one way analysis of variance and Duncan’s multiple range test. The results showed that the decreasing of nutrition concentration suppressed the growth of the epicotyls until 16 weeks after conservation. Epicotyls taken from 16 weeks after conservation could grow on the regeneration medium. The best survival was shown by the 75% MS, 50% MS and supplementing of 20 g/l mannitol treatments. Based on these results, 50% MS medium is recommended for storage C. pubescens for 16 weeks with no sub-culture.Carica pubescens Lenne & K. Koch (karika dieng) merupakan tanaman yang langka sehingga perlu dilestarikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh medium penyimpanan in vitro dengan teknik pertumbuhan minimal dengan mengamati pengaruh penurunan ketersediaan nutrisi dalam medium terhadap penurunan pertumbuhan dan daya tumbuh eksplan.Eksplan berupa epikotil kecambah in vitro. Perlakuan penurunan ketersediaan nutrisi dilakukan melalui reduksi konsentrasi nutrisi dari medium Murashige & Skoog (MS) dan penambahan osmoregulator (manitol dan sorbitol) dengan berbagai konsentrasi. Penelitian dilakukan dengan rancangan acak lengkap satu faktor dengan tiga ulangan. Epikotil dipelihara dalam medium penyimpanan selama 12 dan 16 minggu, kemudian dievaluasi daya tumbuhnya dengan memelihara dalam medium regenerasi dan medium pengakaran. Data dianalisis dengan analisis varians satu arah dan uji Duncan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penurunan kecepatan penyerapan nutrisi berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan eksplan. Epikotil yang telah disimpan selama 12 minggu dan 16 minggu dan ditumbuhkan kembali pada medium regenerasi masih dapat tumbuh dengan intensitas tertinggi pada perlakuan pengenceran 50% MS dan 75% MS, serta penambahan manitol 20 g/l. Komposisi medium ini dapat dimanfaatkan untuk penyimpanan karika dieng selama 16 minggu tanpa sub-kultur. Konsentrasi medium MS 50% direkomendasikan untuk digunakan dalam penyimpanan C. pubescens selama 16 minggu tanpa sub-kultur.

Generating a new crop variety with certain desirable traits requires germplasm collection with wide genetic diversity to facilitate accelerated development of improved cultivars. This study was conducted to characterize genetic diversity of Indonesian rice accessions using SSR markers and their agro-morphological characters to allow the identification of Marker Trait Association (MTA). A survey of genetic diversity among 72 traditional landraces of 15 provinces in Indonesia and 24 improved varieties was conducted using four multiplex panels of 14 fluorescent-labeled SSR markers and 22 agro-morphological characters. A total of 140 alleles with an average of 10 alleles per locus and Polymorphism Information Content (PIC) values at 0.73. The population structure identified five subgroups. A total of 4 highly significant MTA were identified. One character with highly significant MTA was number of panicle associated with RM277. Based on SSR marker, RM105 had two MTAs for auricle color and ligule shape. After validation, these MTAs may be deployed to improve rice productivity.

AbstrakMikroorganisme tanah seperti Gliocladium sp dapat bertindak sebagai dekomposer dan juga sebagai agen pengendali hayati patogen tanaman hal ini memberikan harapan untuk mengurangi penggunaan pupuk dan fungisida sintetik. Tujuan penelitian untuk menguji potensi biofertililzer Gliocladium sp terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi buah tomat. Variabel bebas yaitu bioferlizer Gliocladium sp dengan dosis (g/tanaman) 0,50, 100, 150, dan 200 .Variabel tergantung adalah pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman tomat. Parameter pertumbuhan yang diukur adalah tinggi tanaman, kandungan klorofil a dan b. Parameter hasil tanaman yang diukur adalah berat buah setelah panen. Hasil uji Anava satu jalan menunjukkan bahwa pemberian Gliocladium sp perpengaruh terhadap tinggi tanaman, kandungan klorofil a dan klorofil b, berat tomat . Hasil uji lanjut Duncan menunjukkan bahwa dosis 100, g 150 g dan 200 g tidak berbeda signifikan terhadap tinggi tanaman, dosis 150g dan 200 g tidak berbedan nyata dalam pembentukan klorofil a dan klorofil b. Pemberian Gliocladium dosis 150g paling tinggi terhadap berat buah. Simpulan dalam penelitian ini bahwa pemberian Gliokompos sp berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi buah tomat. AbstractSoil microorganisms such as Gliocladium sp. can play role in the decomposition and can also become the biological control of pathogenic plants. The animal is potentially reduce the use of fertilizers and synthetic fungidid. The aim of the study was to test the potential effect of biofertililzer Gliocladium sp. on the growth and production of tomatoes. The independent variables was biofertilizer Gliocladium sp. at various dosages (g/plant) of 0, 50, 100, 150, dan 200. The dependent variables were the growth and the production of tomatoes. The growth parameter measured were plant height, as well as a and b chlorophyl contents. The crop parameter was the fruit weight post-harvest. A one-way anova showed that Gliocladium sp. affected the plant height, the a and b chlorophyl contents, and the tomato weight. The Duncan’s post-hoc test showed that there was no significant difference on plant height among 100g, 150g and 200g treatment dosages, and 150g and 200g treatment dosages do not affect the formation of a and b chlorophyl. The Gliocladium dosage of 150g was the strongest in influencing the fruit weight. It was concluded that the administration of Gliokompos sp. affects the growth and production of tomatoes.

PRODUCTION OF ANTIBIOTICS BY Bacillus subtilis M10 IN UREA-SORBITOL MEDIUM. Infection diseases still become the main health problems that suffered by people in Indonesia. Besides, there were many pathogen bacteria found to be resistant to the some antibiotics. Therefore, the efforts to get a new antibiotic require to be done continuously. A new local strain of Bacillus subtilis BAC4 has been known producing an antibiotic that inhibit Serratia marcescens ATCC 27117 growth. To make efficient the local strain, mutation on Bacillus subtilis BAC4 was done by using acridine orange and a mutant cell of Bacillus subtilis M10 that overproduction for producing antibiotic was obtained. Nevertheless, the production kinetics of antibiotic by this mutant has not been reported. The objective of this research was to study the production kinetics of antibiotic by Bacillus subtilis M10 mutant. The production of antibiotic was conducted using batch fermentation and antibiotic assay was performed with agar absorption method using Serratia marcescens ATCC 27117 as bacteria assay. Research result provided that Bacillus subtilis M10 mutant with overproduction of antibiotic produced an antibiotic since 8th hour’s fermentation and optimum of it production was at 14th hours after inoculation. Penyakit infeksi masih menjadi masalah yang utama diderita oleh masyarakat Indonesia. Di samping itu, banyak bakteri patogen yang ditemukan resisten terhadap beberapa antibiotika. Oleh karena itu, upaya-upaya untuk mendapatkan antibiotika baru perlu dilakukan secara terus-menerus. Suatu galur lokal baru Bacillus subtilis BAC4 teridentifikasi memproduksi senyawa antibiotika yang menghambat pertumbuhan Serratia marcescens ATCC27117. Untuk memberdayakan galur tersebut, terhadap Bacillus subtilis BAC4 dilakukan mutasi dengan larutan akridin oranye dan diperoleh mutan Bacillus subtilis M10 yang memproduksi antibiotika berlebihan. Namun, kinetika produksi antibiotika oleh Bacillus subtilis M10 belum pernah dilaporkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari kinetika produksi antibiotika oleh mutan Bacillus subtilis M10. Bacillus subtilis M10 difermentasikan ke dalam media urea-sorbitol dan diamati kemampuan produksi antibiotikanya menggunakan Serratia marcescens ATCC 2711 sebagai bakteri uji. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mutan Bacillus subtilis M10 memproduksi antibiotika sejak jam ke 8, dan produksi optimumnya terjadi pada jam ke 14 setelah inokulasi.

The efforts to get a new antibiotic require to be done continuously, because infection diseases still become the main health problems in Indonesia. A new local strain of Bacillus subtilis BAC4 has been known producing an antibiotic that inhibites Serratia marcescens ATCC 27117 growth. Nevertheless, the optimum conditions have not been studied seriously. The objective of this research was to conduct mutation on B. subtilis BAC4 in order to obtain a mutant cell that overproduct in producing antibiotic. The mutation process was performed by using acridine orange of 1 g.L-1 randomly at various volumes. The production of antibiotic was conducted using batch fermentation and antibiotic assay was performed with agar absorption method using S. marcescens ATCC 27117 as bacteria assay. Research result provided a B. subtilis M10 mutant with overproduction of antibiotic. Characterization of B. subtilis M10 mutant showed that the mutant cell has size of (0.5-1.0) µm x (1.85-2.5) µm; spore has the form of ellipse with thick wavy wall, positive reaction for catalase, and forming acid from glucose and xylose. Keywords: mutant, Bacillus, acridin, and antibiotics

Phytoremediation is an eco-friendly and low cost potential strategy for cleaning up of heavy metals from contaminated soils. Selection of promising plant is an important approach for successful phytoremediation. In this study the role of Cordyline fruicosa (L ) plants as a potential phytoremediator to soils contaminated with lead (Pb) was investigated. Pot culture experiments using Cordyline fruicosa (L ) with different level of lead 250, 500 and 750 mg Pb kg-1 soil. The growth parameter biomass root and leaf, Pb accumulation in plant and photosynthetic pigment content were measured after 40 days. The results showed that the increase lead concentrations caused a reduction in most growth parameter and photosynthetic pigment content. On the other hand the lead accumulation in root and leaf was increased by increasing lead concentrations.

Alternatif untuk mengatasi kualitas kedelai yang rendah yaitu perbaikan sifat genetik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid (2,4-D) dan Benzyl Adenine (BA) serta lama penyinaran dan interaksinya terhadap regenerasi tunas dari kalus kedelai, dan untuk menentukan interaksi faktor-faktor yang paling optimal dalam regenerasi tunas dari kalus kedelai. Konsentrasi 2,4-D dan BA masing-masing terdiri dari 4 taraf (0 ppm; 3 ppm; 6 ppm; 9 ppm) dan 2 taraf lama penyinaran (24 jam dan 0 jam). Analisis menggunakan ANAVA tiga arah dan uji lanjut Duncan. Parameter yang diamati adalah waktu muncul tunas, panjang tunas, jumlah tunas, dan persentase kalus membentuk tunas. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi BA dan lama penyinaran mempengaruhi regenerasi tunas dari kalus kedelai, sedangkan konsentrasi 2,4-D tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap regenerasi tunas. Konsentrasi BA yang paling optimal adalah 3 ppm dan lama penyinaran yang optimal adalah kondisi 0 jam. Interaksi konsentrasi BA, 2,4-D dan lama penyinaran berpengaruh terhadap regenerasi tunas terutama pada banyaknya jumlah tunas yang dihasilkan. Perlakuan BA 3 ppm + 2,4-D 6 ppm + 24 jam adalah perlakuan yang optimal dalam meregenerasi tunas dengan jumlah kalus yang banyak. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian disarankan untuk meregenerasi kalus menggunakan ZPT BA dan 2,4-D dan Lama penyinaran.Genetic trait improvement is a way to overcome the low quality soybean. The aim of this research is to determine the effect of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid (2,4-D) and Benzyl Adenine (BA) concentration and long irradiation and their interaction on bud regeneration from callus soybean, and to determine the interaction of the factors that most optimal in bud regeneration from callus soybean. 2,4-D and BA concentration each consisting of 4 levels (0 ppm; 3 ppm; 6 ppm; 9 ppm) and 2 levels long irradiation (24 hours and 0 hour). Analysis using a three -way ANAVA and Duncan test further. Parameters measured were the time appears bud, bud length, number of buds, and the percentage of callus forming buds. The result showed that BA concentration and long irradiation affects the regeneration of shoots from callus soybean, whereas the concentration of 2,4-D had no significant effect on bud regeneration. The most optimal concentration of BA is 3 ppm and optimal long irradiation is the condition 0 hours. BA concentration, 2,4-D concentration and long irradiation interaction effect on the regeneration of buds mainly on the number of buds produced. Treatment BA 3 ppm + 2,4-D 6 ppm + 24 hours is the optimal treatment in regenerating buds the number of callus that many. Based on the research results suggested to regenerate callus using ZPT BA and 2,4-D and long irradiation.

An experiment has been conducted from February 2008 to April 2008. The objective of this research was to analize the influence of a variety of water levels to the activity of nitrate reductase enzyme (NRA) and the production of soybean (Glycine max) var. Burangrang, and to analize the correlations between the NRA and the production. Cultivar Burangrang was the main subject of the experiment. The application of the treatment was followed by the complete random design consisting of one factor with three replicates. The factor was the water levels of field capacity, 90%, 70%, 50%, 30%, and 10% of the field capacity. Every replicate consisted of 8 treatment units, and thus the whole of treatment units were 144. The water level treatment was given once per day. NRA is calculated based on the amount of nitrite produced from an assay. Nitrate was reacted using 1% sulfanilamide in 3N HCL and 0.02% napthylethylendiamide. The color was then determined using spectrophotometer at 540 nm. The result of the research indicated that the administration of water at 90% of field capacity resulted in the highest average of NRA due to good water efficiency. The best average of water efficiency for production was obtained from the variety of water quality of 70%. So it can be concluded that variety of water quality had significant influence to NRA and production. NRA had positif correlation with production. Key words: activities nitrate reductase, soybean, water quality.

Fusarium disease of tomato plant is caused by Fusarium oxysporum. For gaining high quality and stable tomato production but physically construction, natural management of environment balancing, consistency, and stability is a must. A kind effort that should be tried is using natural agent, Trichoderma. This research aims to know the effect of Trichoderma implementation towards Fusarium oxysporum growth, and Tomato fruit production and vitamin content. There are two steps of this research. The first is seeing Trichoderma perform towards Fusarium oxysporum growth in a variation of incubation periode (7, 14. 21 and 28 days). The second, is giving Trichoderma agent on the tomato planting in some dozez (g), such as 0,10,20,30,40 and 50. The parameter are Fusarium oxysporum growth limits area, fruit weight per plant, and fruit vitamin C content. The research shows that Trichoderma giving are effecting Fusarium oxysporum growth, tomato fruit weight and fruit vitamin C content in a significance way. The highest level of vitamin C content (84,78 mg/matterial) and fruit weight (550 g) is gained on Trichoderma implementation which has incubation day of 21 (19.08 % ) and dozez of 40 grams. Â Keywords : biofungisida,Trichoderma, Fusarium oxysporum , tomat

Issues on climate change, global warming, renewable energy, food security, forest conservation, sustainable marine life resources, and protecting wildlife are becoming central issues for the world community these days. Many studies on sustainable development programs have been made by many researchers, UN Agencies, governmental and NGOs to come up with alternative solutions, and strategies, in approaching sustainable development issues. Therefore, this study is going to explore the role of Hadih Maja as one of Acehnese Oral Tradition and the local wisdom of Aceh indigenous societies in Sumatra which is in line with their cultural heritage to maintain the sustainability of their life and natural resources, which finally lead to reach the UN SDGs 2030 Agenda. The method of this study is a literature review by implementing the ecocriticism approach. The result of this study has proven that the content of the Hadih Maja has met the concept of Sustainable Forest Conservation and Sustainable Wild Life Conservation which relate to the UN SDGs category, number 1, 2, 6, 11, 12, 14, 15, and 17 that can be used as a basis formula in designing a new action plan to support the UN SDGs 2030 Agendas.