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Developing the alternative supported noble metal catalysts with low cost, high catalytic efficiency, and good resistance toward carbon dioxide and water vapor is critically demanded for the oxidative removal of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). In this work, we prepared the mesoporous chromia-supported bimetallic Co and Ni single-atom (Co1Ni1/meso-Cr2O3) and bimetallic Co and Ni nanoparticle (CoNPNiNP/meso-Cr2O3) catalysts adopting the one-pot polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP)- and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-protecting approaches, respectively. The results indicate that the Co1Ni1/meso-Cr2O3 catalyst exhibited the best catalytic activity for n-hexane (C6H14) combustion (T50% and T90% were 239 and 263 °C at a space velocity of 40,000 mL g−1 h−1; apparent activation energy and specific reaction rate at 260 °C were 54.7 kJ mol−1 and 4.3 × 10−7 mol gcat−1 s−1, respectively), which was associated with its higher (Cr5+ + Cr6+) amount, large n-hexane adsorption capacity, and good lattice oxygen mobility that could enhance the deep oxidation of n-hexane, in which Ni1 was beneficial for the enhancements in surface lattice oxygen mobility and low-temperature reducibility, while Co1 preferred to generate higher contents of the high-valence states of chromium and surface oxygen species as well as adsorption and activation of n-hexane. n-Hexane combustion takes place via the Mars−van Krevelen (MvK) mechanism, and its reaction pathways are as follows: n-hexane → olefins or 3-hexyl hydroperoxide → 3-hexanone, 2-hexanone or 2,5-dimethyltetrahydrofuran → 2-methyloxirane or 2-ethyl-oxetane → acrylic acid → COx → CO2 and H2O.

To improve the passive safety of high-speed trains, it is very important to understand the mechanism of head injury in high-speed train collisions. In this study, the head injury mechanisms of occupants in high-speed train rear-end collisions were investigated based on the occupant-seat coupling model, which included a dummy representing the Chinese 50th percentile adult male. The typical injury responses in terms of skull fractures, brain contusions, and diffuse axonal injury (DAI) were analyzed. Meanwhile, the influences of collision speed and seat parameters on head injury response were examined. The simulation results indicate that the skull fractures primarily occur at the skull base region due to excessive neck extension, while the brain contusions and DAI result from the relative displacement of different brain regions. The increase in collision speed will promote the probability of skull fracture, brain contusion, and DAI. Seat design modifications, such as reduced seat spacing, increased seat backrest angles, and selecting the appropriate cushion angle (76°) and friction coefficient (0.15), can effectively mitigate probably occupant's head injury.

Abstract Background This study aimed to explore the gut microbiota and inflammatory factor characteristics in major depressive disorder (MDD) patients with anorexia and to analyze the correlation between gut microbiota and inflammatory factors, anorexia, and HAMD scores. Methods 46 MDD patients and 46 healthy controls (HC) were included in the study. The 46 MDD patients were divided into two groups according to whether they had anorexia:20 MDD without anorexia (MDA0 group) and 26 MDD with anorexia (MDA1 group). We used the Hamilton Depression Scale-24 (HAMD-24) to evaluate the depression status of all participants and 16 S ribosomal RNA (16 S rRNA)sequencing to evaluate the composition of the gut microbiota. Inflammatory factors in peripheral blood such as C-reactive protein (CRP) were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Spearman’s correlation analysis was used to evaluate the correlation between gut microbiota and inflammatory factors, HAMD scores, and anorexia. Results 1). CRP was significantly higher in the MDA0, MDA1, than HC. 2). An analysis of α-diversity shows: the Simpson and Pielou indices of the HC group are higher than the MDA1 group (P

Background: JianPiTongLuo Recipe (JPTL Recipe) is a traditional Chinese medicine formula commonly used in the clinical treatment of colorectal cancer. Clinical studies have found that it can significantly improve the prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer. However, its mechanisms of action are not well understood, which has limited its further clinical application. Methods: We investigated the potential mechanisms of action of the JianPiTongLuo (JPTL) Recipe on colorectal cancer (CRC) using a multi-step approach. Initially, network pharmacology and bioinformatics analyses were conducted using databases such as TCMSP, HERB, BATMAN-TCM, and STRING to identify active components of JPTL Recipe and predict their therapeutic targets. Interaction networks and functional enrichment analyses were constructed to hypothesize relevant biological processes and pathways. In vitro studies involved treating human CRC cell lines HCT116, LoVo and SW480 with varying concentrations of JPTL Recipe extract, measuring cell viability with the CCK-8 assay, assessing apoptosis via flow cytometry, and analyzing signaling pathways through Western blotting. To corroborate these findings, in vivo experiments were performed on BALB/c nude mice implanted with HCT116 cells, divided into control, JPTL Recipe-treated, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-treated, and JPTL Recipe combined with 5-FU groups, with tumor growth and histological changes monitored. Mechanistic studies focused on the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, examining the phosphorylation status of key pathway proteins using immunofluorescence and Western blot analyses to elucidate JPTL Recipe 's interaction with pathway activity. Results: We demonstrated that JPTL Recipe effectively inhibits colorectal cancer cell proliferation, anti-apoptotic ability, and exerts synergistic therapeutic effects with fluorouracil. Further analysis revealed that JPTL Recipe affects the activity of colorectal cancer cells by inhibiting the phosphorylation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Conclusion: In summary, we have discovered and confirmed that the traditional Chinese medicine compound JPTL Recipe can serve as a novel adjuvant therapy for colorectal cancer, offering a new treatment approach for the integration of traditional Chinese and Western medicine in the treatment of colorectal cancer.

Abstract Fat-forming solitary fibrous tumor is a rare and specific subtype of solitary fibrous tumor. In this case, a mass of 8.3 cm in diameter was found in a 59-year-old male patient’s right retroperitoneum, as revealed by abdominal contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) images. The tumor exhibited a well-circumscribed nature and histological features characterized by a combination of hemangiopericytomatous vasculature and mature adipose tissue, comprising around 70% of the total tumor composition. Immunohistochemistry staining revealed diffuse positive expression of STAT6 and CD34 in the tumor cells. Based on these findings, the final diagnosis was determined to be a fat-forming solitary fibrous tumor located in the retroperitoneum. It is important to consider other potential differential diagnoses, including angiomyolipoma, dedifferentiated liposarcoma, spindle cell lipoma, and atypical lipomatous tumor/well-differentiated liposarcoma.

AIM: To evaluate the clinical significance of checking episcleral venous fluid wave (EVFW) during gonioscopy-assisted transluminal trabeculotomy (GATT) in patients with open angle glaucoma (OAG). METHODS: This retrospective case series study comprised 30 patients (45 eyes) with OAG underwent GATT. The location and extent of EVFW were examined and graded after intraoperative compression flushing of the anterior chamber angle during the operation. Patients were followed up for 1y. A complete success for surgery is defined as a postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP)

Abstract Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. CNOT3, a subunit of the CCR4-NOT complex, has recently been suggested to be overexpressed in lung cancer and involved in tumor malignancy. However, its precise role and the underlying mechanisms still need to be fully revealed. In the present study, we found in lung cancer cells the expression of CNOT3 could be regulated by EGFR signaling pathway and c-Jun, a transcription factor downstream of EGFR, transcriptionally regulated its expression. Interestingly, CNOT3 could inversely regulate the expression of c-Jun via modulating its translation. Thus, a feedback loop existed between c-Jun and CNOT3. CNOT3 reduction post EGFR blockade facilitated the drug-induced cell death, and simultaneously inhibited cell proliferation via impacting TSC1/mTOR axis. Whereas, further up-regulation of the CNOT3 expression was observed in gefitinib-resistant cells, which dampened gefitinib sensitivity. Mechanically, the elevation of CNOT3 was induced by the bypass activation of HER2/c-Jun signaling. Depleting CNOT3 in vitro and in vivo sensitized the drug-resistant cells to gefitinib treatment and inhibited metastatic progression. These results give novel insights into the role of CNOT3 in lung cancer malignancy and provide a theoretical basis for the development of therapeutic strategies to solve acquired resistance to EGFR-TKIs.

Objective A micro‐electromechanical system (MEMS) was developed based on spatial alignment and navigation technology to assist femoral extramedullary alignment osteotomy (FEAO) in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The system can locate and adjust the femoral distal condylar osteotomy (FDCO) to obtain a better femoral prosthesis placement. It is a portable navigation device and provides an innovative approach for FDCO. Methods Sixty patients who suffered from severe knee osteoarthritis who underwent unilateral TKA from May 14, 2021 to May 30, 2022 were randomly divided into a MEMS‐FEAO group and a conventional femoral intramedullary alignment osteotomy (FIAO) group, with 30 cases in each group for a controlled retrospective study. The hip‐knee‐ankle angle (HKAA) of the lower limb was measured before and after surgery, the femoral valgus angle (FVA) was measured preoperatively, and the femoral prosthesis valgus angle (FPVA) and the femoral prosthesis flexion angle (FPFA) were measured postoperatively following computed tomography imaging protocols. Measurement data is statistically described as mean ± standard deviation c. The count data is described by frequency (constituent ratio) using the rank sum test. Result A total of 6.7% (2/30) of FEAO compared to 20.0% (6/30) of FIAO cases were postoperative deviations where the HKAA exceeded ±3° of neutral alignment (p 0.05), and there was no statistical significance between the two groups. Conclusion The MEMS‐FEAO system can improve the accurate alignment and can be utilized as a locator to obtain the best femoral prosthesis placement in TKA and significantly reduce the rate of poor force line of the lower limb.

This study aims to clarify the mechanical properties and deformation characteristics of the newly-developed DZ27CrNiMo (DZ2) axle steel for the China standard electric multiple units under dynamic loadings along the diameter direction of the axle at room temperature. The DZ2 axle steel has a heterogeneous band structure consisting of equiaxed grain and lath morphology tempered martensite. When being impacted at the strain rate range from 500 s−1 to 2440 s−1, its yield strength, compressive strength, and plastic strain increase. The flow stress upturn after yielding mainly depended on the strain rate effect rather than the work hardening due to the suppressed dislocation cross-slip. Meanwhile, the steady plasticity was consistent with the presence of uniformly distributed dislocations and microbands within the heterogeneous laminates. Although the nanoscale adiabatic shear bands (ASBs) and micro-cracks were found to initiate at the high strain rate of 2440 s−1, their propagation could be inhibited by the hard-tempered sorbate laths. As a consequence, an excellent resistance for impact-induced fracture was realized in DZ2 axle steel. Taking the thermal activation damage evolution into account, a modified Zerilli-Armstrong (ZA) constitutive model was proposed to describe the dynamic mechanical behavior of DZ2 axle steel. The modeling results were consistent with the experimental data, indicating a high prediction accuracy and good application availability in the operation and maintenance of DZ2 axle.

Abstract Background Delayed healing of diabetic cutaneous wounds is one of the most common complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which can bring great distress to patients. In diabetic patients, macrophages accumulate around skin wounds and produce NLRP3 (NOD-, LRR-, and pyrin domain-containing protein 3) inflammasomes, which in turn undergo pyroptosis and produce inflammatory factors such as interleukin-1β that affect wound healing. Although our previous study revealed that apoptotic extracellular vesicles (ApoEVs) produced from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) improve cutaneous wound healing in normal C57BL/6 mice, whether ApoEVs can also improve diabetic wound healing remains unclear. Methods Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UCMSCs) were cultured in vitro and apoptosis was induced. ApoEVs were extracted and identified and used in a T2DM mouse cutaneous wound model to evaluate the efficacy. The inhibitory effect of ApoEVs on macrophage pyroptosis was verified in vivo and in vitro, and the level of oxidative stress in macrophages was assessed to explore the mechanism by which ApoEVs play a role. Results UCMSC-derived ApoEVs improved skin defect healing in T2DM mice. Moreover, UCMSC-derived ApoEVs inhibited macrophage pyroptosis in T2DM mice in vivo as well as in vitro under high-glucose culture conditions. In addition, we demonstrated that ApoEVs reduce oxidative stress levels, which is a possible mechanism by which they inhibit macrophage pyroptosis. Conclusions Our study confirmed that local application of UCMSC-derived ApoEVs improved cutaneous wound healing in T2DM mice. ApoEVs, as products of MSC apoptosis, can inhibit macrophage pyroptosis and regulate the death process by decreasing the level of oxidative stress.

Abstract This paper presents a surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensor based on coplanar integrated Langasite (LGS) that is fabricated using wet etching, high-temperature bonding, and ion beam etching (IBE) processes. The miniaturized multiparameter temperature‒pressure-humidity (TPH) sensor used the MXene@MoS2@Go (MMG) composite to widen the humidity detection range and improve the humidity sensitivity, including a fast response time (3.18 s) and recovery time (0.94 s). The TPH sensor was shown to operate steadily between 25–700 °C, 0–700 kPa, and 10–98% RH. Coupling issues among multiple parameters in complex environments were addressed by decoupling the Δf-temperature coupling factor to improve the accuracy. Therefore, this work can be applied to simultaneous measurements of several environmental parameters in challenging conditions.

AIM: To investigate the clinical efficacy of gonioscopy-assisted transluminal trabeculotomy(GATT)for secondary high intraocular pressure after vitrectomy.METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted on 10 patients(15 eyes)with secondary high intraocular pressure(IOP)after vitrectomy treated with GATT in Department of Ophthalmology, Chengdu First People's Hospital from January 2019 to May 2022. The best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA), IOP, number of IOP-lowering drugs, and complications before operation and at 1d, 1wk, 1, 3 and 6mo after operation were recorded, and the surgical success rate was analyzed.RESULTS:There was no difference in BCVA before and 6mo after operation(Z=0, P=1). The mean IOP decreased from 28.33±9.48mmHg to 17.47±3.78(1d), 18.8±3.29(1wk), 19.13±3.62(1mo), 20.31±3.66(3mo)and 18.03±3.23mmHg(6mo; all P

Chlorinated volatile organic compounds (CVOCs) are persistent pollutants and harmful to the atmosphere, environment, and human health. The catalytic elimination of CVOCs has become a hotspot of interest due to their self-toxicity, the secondary generation of chlorinated by-products, and the Cl poisoning of catalysts. The development of high-performance, highly selective, and anti-poisoning catalysts is a critical issue. Bimetallic catalysts exhibit an improved dechlorination performance, poisoning resistance, and product selectivity through the modulation of geometrical and electronic structures. The present review article gives a brief overview of the recent advancements in the preparation of bimetallic catalysts and their catalytic CVOC elimination activities. In addition, representative case studies are provided to investigate the physicochemical properties, CVOC conversion, COx and inorganic chlorine species selectivities, and by-product control so that the structure–performance relationships of bimetallic catalysts can be established. Furthermore, this review article provides a fundamental understanding of designing bimetallic catalysts with specific active components and the desired physicochemical properties for target reactions. In the end, related perspectives for future work are proposed.

Abstract The scaffold protein IRS-1 is an essential node in insulin/IGF signaling. It has long been recognized that the stability of IRS-1 is dependent on its endomembrane targeting. However, how IRS-1 targets the intracellular membrane, and what type of intracellular membrane is actually targeted, remains poorly understood. Here, we found that the phase separation-mediated IRS-1 puncta attached to endoplasmic reticulum (ER). VAPB, an ER-anchored protein that mediates tethers between ER and membranes of other organelles, was identified as a direct interacting partner of IRS-1. VAPB mainly binds active IRS-1 because IGF-1 enhanced the VAPB-IRS-1 association and replacing of the nine tyrosine residues of YXXM motifs disrupted the VAPB-IRS-1 association. We further delineated that the Y745 and Y746 residues in the FFAT-like motif of IRS-1 mediated the association with VAPB. Notably, VAPB targeted IRS-1 to the ER and subsequently maintained its stability. Consistently, ablation of VAPB in mice led to downregulation of IRS-1, suppression of insulin signaling, and glucose intolerance. The amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)-derived VAPB P56S mutant also impaired IRS-1 stability by interfering with the ER-tethering of IRS-1. Our findings thus revealed a previously unappreciated condensate-membrane contact (CMC), by which VAPB stabilizes the membraneless IRS-1 signalosome through targeting it to ER membrane.

Lenvatinib has become the first-line therapy in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but its efficacy is still limited because of the inevitable development of resistance. It has been reported that cellular cholesterol levels are associated with tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) efficacy. Here, we show that betulin, a sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2 (SREBP2) inhibitor, markedly enhances the anti-tumor effect of lenvatinib in HCC both in vitro and in vivo. Our results also show that the combination treatment of lenvatinib and betulin synergistically inhibits the proliferation and clonogenicity of HCC cells. The mRNA and protein expressions of IL-1β are markedly decreased in HCC cells treated with betulin, while the sensitivity of HCC cells to lenvatinib is enhanced. Moreover, we find that the knockdown of IL-1β also enhances the efficacy of lenvatinib, and recombinant IL-1β protein rescues cell viability, which is reduced by lenvatinib in HCC cells. Further mechanistic studies indicate that betulin decreases the level of IL-1β in HCC cells by inhibiting the mTOR signaling pathway. Finally, the growth of the tumors in xenograft mouse models subjected to combination treatment is significantly suppressed. In summary, our study reveals that the SREBP2 inhibitor betulin sensitizes hepatocellular carcinoma to lenvatinib by inhibiting the mTOR/IL-1β pathway, which may be a promising therapeutic strategy for patients with HCC.

Plasmonic metasurfaces with adjustable optical responses can be achieved through phase change materials (PCMs) with high optical contrast. However, the on–off behavior of the phase change process results in the binary response of photonic devices, limiting the applications to the two-stage modulation. In this work, we propose a reconfigurable metasurface emitter based on a gold nanorod array on a VO2 thin film for achieving continuously tunable narrowband thermal emission. The electrode line connecting the center of each nanorod not only enables emission excitation electrically but also activates the phase transition of VO2 beneath the array layer due to Joule heating. The change in the dielectric environment due to the VO2 phase transition results in the modulation of emissivity from the plasmonic metasurfaces. The device performances regarding critical geometrical parameters are analyzed based on a fully coupled electro-thermo-optical finite element model. This new metasurface structure extends the binary nature of PCM based modulations to continuous reconfigurability and provides new possibilities toward smart metasurface emitters, reflectors, and other nanophotonic devices.

One of the key difficulties confronting universities today is how to use the current technology to raise educational standards and support educational reform. This is due to the ongoing growth of network technology. This study primarily explores the collaborative filtering recommendation algorithm-based recommendation model for college civics teaching materials. Analyzed are both the functional and non-functional demands for collegiate civic and political science teaching materials. For these requirements, the collaborative filtering recommendation algorithm is put out, and it is enhanced so that it may be applied in real-world settings. In order to execute the model, the system architecture and process are established, and the impacts of teaching interventions are used to examine the outcomes of the suggested practical teaching of civic and political science teaching materials in colleges and universities. The findings revealed that the p-values of the significance probabilities were, respectively, 0.056, 0.007, and 0.235 for the entrance exam and the first semester final examination, the entrance examination and the second semester final examination, and the first semester final examination and the second semester final examination. The collaborative filtering recommendation algorithm-based recommendation model for teaching resources recommendation of university thinking and politics proposed in this paper is effective in enhancing students’ learning autonomy and promoting the exchange of ideas. It has a certain effect.

Objective To investigate whether ferritin autophagy mediated by nuclear receptor coactivator 4 (NCOA4) is involved in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ferroptosis in septic cardiomyocytes. Methods Different doses of LPS (5, 10 and 20 μg/mL) were adopted to induce rat cardiomyocytes H9c2 to form an in vitro model of cardiomyocyte injury, and normal H9c2 cells were used as control group. The cell viability, Fe2+ level, releases of myocardial enzymes and oxidative stress level were detected by corresponding reagent kits, and the change in mitochondrial membrane potential was measured with fluorescent probe. Immunofluorescence assay was performed to determine the expression and localization of NCOA4 and ferritin in the cardiomyocytes. Moreover, small interfering RNA (siRNA) was used to reduce NCOA4 expression in H9c2 cells, and the levels of ferroptosis regulatory proteins as well as autophagy proteins were detected with Western blotting. Results After stimulation with different doses of LPS, the viability of H9c2 cells was decreased significantly (P < 0.05), the concentration of Fe2+ was increased (P < 0.05), the levels of oxidative stress products such as malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were both elevated (P < 0.05), and the mitochondrial membrane potential was declined (P < 0.05). Increased expression of NCOA4-Ferritin colocalization was observed under fluoroscopy (P < 0.05). Western blotting showed that the expression levels of ferroptosis regulatory protein NCOA4 and autophagy protein LC3-Ⅱwere up-regulated (P < 0.05), while those of ferritin, SLC7A11 and GPX4 were down-regulated (P < 0.05). NCOA4 knockdown resulted in significantly enhanced expression of ferritin, SLC7A11 and GPx4 (P < 0.05), whereas reduced expression of LC3-Ⅱ (P < 0.05). Conclusion NCOA44-mediated ferritin autophagy is involved in the occurrence of ferroptosis in septic cardiomyocytes.

This study investigated the ability of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum SCS3 (L. plantarum SCS3) to alleviate oxidative stress in diabetic mice. Diabetic mouse model was established by administering 50 mg/kg (bodyweight) of streptozocin for 5 days. We then applied 0.5 mL of 1.0 × 1010 CFU/mL L. plantarum SCS3 cell suspension (TGa group), its intracellular contents (TGb group), or boiled intracellular contents (TGc group) to mice for ten weeks. Compared with the model group (MG), weight loss and hyperglycemia were most effectively ameliorated in the TGc group compared to the other treatment groups; based on the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, levels of insulin and glycosylated hemoglobin were improved; the reactive oxygen species level decreased, while superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione levels in the TGc mice increased significantly (P

AIM: To observe the safety and efficacy of stab incision glaucoma surgery(SIGS)in the treatment of adult glaucoma.METHODS: A series of retrospective case studies were carried out from June 2018 to November 2020, the clinical data of 55 cases with 70 eyes of glaucoma treated with SIGS in our hospital were collected. Following up at 6mo after operation, the intraocular pressure(IOP), bleb and postoperative complications were observed.RESULTS: Among the included patients, 30 eyes were performed SIGS alonely, 40 eyes were performed SIGS combined with phacoemulsification. Among them, the operation of 33 eyes(47%)was completely successful, the operation of 28 eyes(40%)was partially successful, and the operation of 9 eyes(13%)were failed. The mean preoperative IOP under medication was 31.82±13.16mmHg, and at 1wk, 1, 3 and 6mo after operation, the mean IOP(14.97±5.25, 17.94±5.24, 18.43±4.74, 17.37±3.36)mmHg were all significantly lower than before operation, and the number of IOP-lowering drugs used at 6mo after operation [0(0, 1)] was significantly lower than before operation [3(2, 3)](P

BackgroundPre-existing cross-reactive immunity among different coronaviruses, also termed immune imprinting, may have a comprehensive impact on subsequent SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 vaccination effectiveness. Here, we aim to explore the interplay between pre-existing seasonal coronaviruses (sCoVs) antibodies and the humoral immunity induced by COVID-19 vaccination.MethodsWe first collected serum samples from healthy donors prior to COVID-19 pandemic and individuals who had received COVID-19 vaccination post-pandemic in China, and the levels of IgG antibodies against sCoVs and SARS-CoV-2 were detected by ELISA. Wilcoxon rank sum test and chi-square test were used to compare the difference in magnitude and seropositivity rate between two groups. Then, we recruited a longitudinal cohort to collect serum samples before and after COVID-19 vaccination. The levels of IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 S, S1, S2 and N antigen were monitored. Association between pre-existing sCoVs antibody and COVID-19 vaccination-induced antibodies were analyzed by Spearman rank correlation.Results96.0% samples (339/353) showed the presence of IgG antibodies against at least one subtype of sCoVs. 229E and OC43 exhibited the highest seroprevalence rates at 78.5% and 72.0%, respectively, followed by NL63 (60.9%) and HKU1 (52.4%). The levels of IgG antibodies against two β coronaviruses (OC43 and HKU1) were significantly higher in these donors who had inoculated with COVID-19 vaccines compared to pre-pandemic healthy donors. However, we found that COVID-19 vaccine-induced antibody levels were not significant different between two groups with high levelor low level of pre-existing sCoVs antibody among the longitudinal cohort.ConclusionWe found a high prevalence of antibodies against sCoVs in Chinese population. The immune imprinting by sCoVs could be reactivated by COVID-19 vaccination, but it did not appear to be a major factor affecting the immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccine. These findings will provide insights into understanding the impact of immune imprinting on subsequent multiple shots of COVID-19 vaccines.

In this paper, the research on the active components, dry processing methods, extraction of functional components and processed products of Flos Lonicerae at home and abroad in recent years were summarized and discussed, and the development direction of Flos Lonicerae in the future was prospected.

The wheel–rail interaction will be intensified on account of the complexity of the wheel–rail contact geometry on a curved track. It also may become more complicated and/or have significant difference as the train speed increases, since the dynamic effects cannot be ignored then. In this study, based on explicit Finite Element (FE) software LS-DYNA 971, a Three-Dimensional (3D) elastic-plastic FE model was built to simulate the dynamic wheel–rail contact behaviour of curve negotiating, where the superelevation and roll angle as well as the strain rate effect were considered. The evolution of contact patch and pressure, wheel–rail contact force, the stress/strain state and the acceleration of the axle were employed to examine the wheel–rail transient dynamic response. Furthermore, the influences of axle load, curve radius and strain rate effect were also discussed. It is found that the maximum vertical contact force, contact pressure, stress and strain on the curved track increase with the decreasing curve radius, and they increase with the increasing axle load except for lateral contact force. The wheel–rail dynamic responses on the curved track are significantly enhanced compared to the straight track. Moreover, the strain rate effect can enhance von-Mises stress and contact pressure, suppress the plastic deformation of the rail and wheel, but it has little effect on the vertical and lateral contact forces and stable acceleration of axle. The Rate-Sensitive Factors (RSF) of the wheel and rail on the curved track are weaker than those on the straight track. These findings will be very helpful to study the competitive relationship between the rolling contact fatigue and wear, as well as the crack initiation and propagation problem.

Phyllanthi Fructus (PF), the edible fruits of Phyllanthus emblica L., serves as an important resource for some health products, foods and drugs due to its high safety and sufficient nutritional value. In recent years, in vivo and in vitro experiments have been conducted to reveal the active components of PF. More than 180 compounds have been isolated and identified from the PF so far, primarily including tannins, phenolic acids, flavonoids, terpenoids, polysaccharides, fatty acids and amino acids. In traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), PF is used to cure several diseases such as bronchitis, asthma, diabetes, peptic ulcer, hepatopathy, leprosy, and jaundice. Consistent with ethnopharmacology, numerous modern studies have demonstrated that the extracts or monomeric compounds derived from PF exhibit various pharmacological effects including anti-oxidation, anti-bacteria, anti-inflammation, anti-tumour, anti-virus, immunity improvement, hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects, and multiple organ protective protection. Toxicological studies on PF indicated the absence of any adverse effects even at a high dose after oral administration. Due to strict quality control, these pharmacological activities and the safety of PF greatly improve the development and utilization of products. Our comprehensive review aims to summarize the phytochemistry, pharmacological effects, toxicology, and product development of PF to provide theoretical guidance and new insights for further research on PF in the future.

The emission of methane leads to the increase in the methane concentration in the atmosphere, which not only wastes resources but also intensifies the greenhouse effect and brings about serious environmental problems. Catalytic combustion can completely convert methane into carbon dioxide and water at low temperatures. However, the catalytic activities of the conventional supported palladium catalysts (e.g., Pd/Al2O3 and Pd/ZrO2) are easy to decrease or the two catalysts can even be deactivated under actual harsh reaction conditions (high temperatures, steam- and sulfur dioxide-containing atmospheres, etc.). Recently, noble metal catalysts supported on zeolites with ordered pores and good thermal stability have attracted much attention. This review article summarizes the recent progress on the development and characteristics of zeolite-supported noble metal catalysts for the combustion of methane. The effects of framework structures, silica/alumina ratios, acidity, doping of alkali metals or transition metals, particle sizes and distributions, and their locations of/in the zeolites on methane combustion activity are discussed. The importance of developing high-performance catalysts under realistic operation conditions is highlighted. In addition, the related research work on catalytic methane combustion in the future is also envisioned.

The development of efficient and stable catalysts is of great importance for the elimination of volatile organic pollutants (VOCs). In this work, AuPdx nanoparticles (NPs) were loaded on TiO2 through the electrostatic adsorption approach to generate the yAuPdx/TiO2 (i.e., 0.35AuPd0.46/TiO2, 0.34AuPd2.09/TiO2, and 0.37AuPd2.72/TiO2; x and y are Pd/Au molar ratio and AuPdx loading, respectively; x = 0.46–2.72; and y = 0.34–0.37 wt%) catalysts, and their catalytic activities for the oxidation of ethyl acetate were determined. The results showed that the 0.37AuPd2.72/TiO2 sample exhibited the best activity (T50% = 217 °C and T90% = 239 °C at SV = 40,000 mL/(g h), Ea = 37 kJ/mol, specific reaction rate at 220 °C = 113.8 µmol/(gPd s), and turnover frequency (TOFNoble metal) at 220 °C = 109.7 × 10−3 s−1). The high catalytic performance of the 0.37AuPd2.72/TiO2 sample was attributed to the good dispersion of AuPd2.72 NPs, the strong redox ability, the large ethyl acetate adsorption capacity, and the strong interaction between AuPdx and TiO2. Acetaldehyde, ethanol, and acetic acid are the main intermediates in the oxidation of ethyl acetate, and the loading of AuPdx NPs effectively reduces the formation of the toxic by-product acetaldehyde. The oxidation of ethyl acetate over the 0.34AuPd2.09/TiO2 sample might occur via the pathway of ethyl acetate → ethanol → acetic acid → acetate → CO2 and H2O. We believe that the obtained results may provide a useful idea for the design of bimetallic catalysts under industrial conditions and for understanding the VOCs oxidation mechanisms.

Pt nanoparticles and a CeMnOx composite were loaded on the surface of the natural diatomite material to generate the Pt/CeMnOx/diatomite using the redox precipitation and impregnation methods. The physicochemical properties of the catalysts were characterized by means of various techniques. The catalytic properties and resistance to H2O and SO2 of the catalysts were measured for the oxidation of typical volatile organic compounds (i.e., toluene and ethyl acetate). Among all of the as-prepared samples, Pt/CeMnOx/diatomite exhibited the highest catalytic activity: the temperatures (T90%) at a toluene or ethyl acetate conversion of 90% were 230 and 210 °C at a space velocity (SV) of 20,000 mL g−1 h−1, respectively, and the turnover frequency (TOFPt) at 220 °C was 1.04 μmol/(gcat s) for ethyl acetate oxidation and 1.56 μmol/(gcat s) for toluene oxidation. In particular, this sample showed a superior catalytic activity for ethyl acetate oxidation at low temperatures, with its T50% being 185 °C at SV = 20,000 mL g−1 h−1. In addition, the Pt/CeMnOx/diatomite sample possessed good sulfur dioxide resistance during the toluene oxidation process. In the presence of SO2, some of the SO2 molecules were adsorbed on diatomite, which protected the active sites from being poisoned by SO2 to a certain extent. The pathways of ethyl acetate and toluene oxidation over Pt/CeMnOx/diatomite or Pt/CeMnOx were as follows: The C–C and C–O bonds in ethyl acetate are first broken to form the CH3CH2O* and CH3CO* species or toluene is first oxidized to benzaldehyde and benzoic acid, and all of these intermediates are then converted to CO2 and H2O. This work can provide a strategy to develop efficient catalysts with high catalytic activity, durability, low cost, and easy availability under actual working conditions.

Zeolites have ordered pore structures, good spatial constraints, and superior hydrothermal stability. In addition, the active metal elements inside and outside the zeolite framework provide the porous material with adjustable acid–base property and good redox performance. Thus, zeolites-based catalysts are more and more widely used in chemical industries. Combining the advantages of zeolites and active metal components, the zeolites-based materials are used to catalyze the oxidation of methane to produce various products, such as carbon dioxide, methanol, formaldehyde, formic acid, acetic acid, and etc. This multifunction, high selectivity, and good activity are the key factors that enable the zeolites-based catalysts to be used for methane activation and conversion. In this review article, we briefly introduce and discuss the effect of zeolite materials on the activation of C–H bonds in methane and the reaction mechanisms of complete methane oxidation and selective methane oxidation. Pd/zeolite is used for the complete oxidation of methane to carbon dioxide and water, and Fe- and Cu-zeolite catalysts are used for the partial oxidation of methane to methanol, formaldehyde, formic acid, and etc. The prospects and challenges of zeolite-based catalysts in the future research work and practical applications are also envisioned. We hope that the outcome of this review can stimulate more researchers to develop more effective zeolite-based catalysts for the complete or selective oxidation of methane.

To determine correlations of serum beta 2-microglobulin (β2-MG) level with disease activity and renal involvement in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

BACKGROUND Alum shale (Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician) is a set of significant marine source rock in Northern Europe, and the maturity is from immature to over mature. Because of high maturities of the Lower-Paleozoic marine source rocks in China, the immature-early mature Alum shales are important samples for the comparative studies of hydrocarbon generation potential. Thus, the analyses of organic matter, mineral composition and sedimentary characteristics of the Alum shale with low maturity, are the fundamental for the comparative studies on the Lower Paleozoic marine source rocks at home and abroad. OBJECTIVES To uncover the mineral and organic matter compositions, and the sedimentary characteristics of Alum shales. METHODS Based on the organic carbon content (TOC) and organic petrological observations, the integrated mineral analysis (TIMA) technology was used to scan the sample. Scan parameters were refined to obtain the mineral composition, content and particle size distribution of shale. RESULTS The TOC and TRS contents of studied Alum shale (%Rb=0.3) were 11.16%-12.24% and 4.30%-5.31%, respectively. The maceral compositions included the lamalginite from planktonic algae degradation and vitrinite-like macerals from benthic algae. Solid bitumen filled in the fractures and pores. The organic matter (OM) and pyrite (Py) contents acquired from TIMA scanning analyses were 9.79%-10.64% and 4.17%-4.49%, respectively. The OM/Py ratios ranged from 2.18 to 2.55, similar to the C/S ratios from Rock-eval pyrolysis. Grain sizes of OM were 0.9-27.0μm, and 80% grains had sizes of 1.2-5.5μm. Grain size of Py distributed from 0.9 to 17.0μm, and the proportion of grains with the size of lower than 0.5μm was higher than 78%, indicating an oxygen-lacking or sulfurized environment. CONCLUSIONS A combination of C/S ratio, and characteristics of organic petrology and Py grain size distribution indicates the Alum shale was deposited in a closed or sulfurized water system. A new technical support for the research of source rocks (including shale) in the field of petroleum geology is provided through the methods used and discussed in this study.

Abstract The mechanism of obesity‐related metabolic dysfunction involves the development of systemic inflammation, largely mediated by macrophages. Switching of M1‐like adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) to M2‐like ATMs, a population of macrophages associated with weight loss and insulin sensitivity, is considered a viable therapeutic strategy for obesity‐related metabolic syndrome. However, mechanisms for reestablishing the polarization of ATMs remain elusive. This study demonstrates that CD146+ ATMs accumulate in adipose tissue during diet‐induced obesity and are associated with increased body weight, systemic inflammation, and obesity‐induced insulin resistance. Inactivating the macrophage CD146 gene or antibody targeting of CD146 alleviates obesity‐related chronic inflammation and metabolic dysfunction. Macrophage CD146 interacts with Glycoprotein 130 (Gp130), the common subunit of the receptor signaling complex for the interleukin‐6 family of cytokines. CD146/Gp130 interaction promotes pro‐inflammatory polarization of ATMs by activating JNK signaling and inhibiting the activation of STAT3, a transcription factor for M2‐like polarization. Disruption of their interaction by anti‐CD146 antibody or interleukin‐6 steers ATMs toward anti‐inflammatory polarization, thus attenuating obesity‐induced chronic inflammation and metabolic dysfunction in mice. The results suggest that macrophage CD146 is an important determinant of pro‐inflammatory polarization and plays a pivotal role in obesity‐induced metabolic dysfunction. CD146 could constitute a novel therapeutic target for obesity complications.

Although coupled plasmonic systems have been extensively studied in the past decades, their theoretical understanding is still far from satisfactory. Here, based on experimental and numerical studies on a series of symmetry-broken nano-patch plasmonic resonators, we found that Fano’s formula, widely used in modeling such systems previously, works well for one polarization but completely fails for another polarization. In contrast, a two-mode coupled-mode theory (CMT) can interpret all experimental results well. This motivated us to employ the CMT to establish a complete phase diagram for such coupled plasmonic systems, which not only revealed the diversified effects and their governing physics in different phase regions, but more importantly, also justifies the applicabilities of two simplified models (including Fano’s formula) derived previously. Our results present a unified picture for the distinct effects discovered in such systems, which can facilitate people’s understanding of the governing physics and can design functional devices facing requests for diversified applications.

ObjectiveFor major depressive disorder (MDD), there has been a lack of neuroimaging markers of efficacy of pharmacological treatment. In this study, we aimed to explore the neuroimaging mechanisms in patients with first-episode MDD and identify markers that predict the efficacy of 5-hydroxytryptamine reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) with the use of resting-state brain imaging technology.MethodsA total of 101 patients with first-episode MDD and 53 normal controls were finally included in this study. Based on the reduction rate of the score of Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-17) during the 2-week SSRI treatment, 31 patients were assigned into the unresponsive group and 32 were assigned into the responsive group. The brain function was compared between patients with MDD and normal controls, and the diagnostic value of brain function was analyzed. With brain regions showing differences between patients with MDD and normal controls as a mask, and the brain function between the responsive and unresponsive groups were compared. Correlations between brain function the HAMD-17 score reduction rate during the 2-week SSRI treatment were analyzed.ResultsCompared to normal controls, patients with MDD showed increased ReHo in the left parahippocampal gyrus and right parahippocampal gyrus, decreased ReHo in the right middle occipital gyrus, and decreased functional connectivity between the right and left parahippocampal gyri, right middle occipital gyrus and middle temporal gyrus. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.544 (95% CI: 0.445–0.644) for ReHo and 0.822 (95% CI: 0.734–0.909) for functional connectivity. Logistic regression pooling of the differences in ReHo mean time series with the functional connectivity mean time series was performed for the ROC curve analysis, which showed an AUC of 0.832 (95% CI: 0.752–0.911). Compared to the responsive group, the unresponsive group showed elevated ReHo in the right parahippocampal gyrus and lower functional connectivity in the middle temporal gyrus. We also found that the ReHo value was negatively correlated with the HAMD-17 score reduction after 2 weeks of SSRI treatment.ConclusionAltered resting-state brain function in some regions might be a neurobiological marker for the diagnosis of MDD, and ReHo values are expected to be predictors of patient response to treatment with SSRIs.Clinical Trial Registration[http://www.chictr.org.cn/], identifier [ChiCTR1900028722].

Methane is the most stable hydrocarbon with a regular tetrahedral structure, which can be activated and oxidized above 1000 °C in conventional combustion. Catalytic oxidation is an effective way to eliminate lean methane under mild conditions, and the key issue is to develop the catalysts with high efficiencies, good stability, and high selectivities. Catalytic combustion of low-concentration methane can realize the light-off and deep conversion at low temperatures, thus achieving complete combustion with fewer byproducts below 500 °C. This review article summarizes the recent advances in preparation of ordered porous oxides and supported noble metal catalysts and their methane combustion applications. The results reveal that the superior performance (good hydrothermal stability and excellent moisture- or sulfur-resistant behavior) is associated with the well-ordered and developed three-dimensional porous structure, large surface area, ultrahigh component dispersion, fast mass transfer, low-temperature reducibility, reactant activation ability, and strong interaction between metal and support. In addition, the development trend of porous oxides for industrial applications in the future is also proposed.

In this article, we present the performance of Copper (Cu)/Graphene Nano Sheets (GNS) and C—π (Graphite, GNS, and Nitrogen-doped Graphene Nano Sheets (N—GNS)) as a new battery electrode prototype. The objectives of this research are to develop a number of prototypes of the battery electrode, namely Cu/GNS//Electrolyte//C—π, and to evaluate their respective performances. The GNS, N—GNS, and primary battery electrode prototypes (Cu/GNS/Electrolyte/C—π) were synthesized by using a modified Hummers method; the N-doped sheet was obtained by doping nitrogen at room temperature and the impregnation or the composite techniques, respectively. Commercial primary battery electrodes were also used as a reference in this research. The Graphite, GNS, N—GNS, commercial primary batteries electrode, and battery electrode prototypes were analyzed using an XRD, SEM-EDX, and electrical multimeter, respectively. The research data show that the Cu particles are well deposited on the GNS and N—GNS (XRD and SEM—EDX data). The presence of the Cu metal and electrolytes (NH4Cl and MnO2) materials can increase the electrical conductivities (335.6 S cm−1) and power density versus the energy density (4640.47 W kg−1 and 2557.55 Wh kg−1) of the Cu/GNS//Electrolyte//N—GNS compared to the commercial battery (electrical conductivity (902.2 S cm−1) and power density versus the energy density (76 W kg−1 and 43.95 W kg−1). Based on all of the research data, it may be concluded that Cu/GNS//Electrolyte//N—GNS can be used as a new battery electrode prototype with better performances and electrical activities.

Catalytic performance and moisture and sulfur dioxide resistance are important for a catalyst used for the oxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Supported noble metals are active for VOC oxidation, but they are easily deactivated by water and sulfur dioxide. Hence, it is highly desired to develop a catalyst with high performance and good moisture and sulfur dioxide resistance in the oxidation of VOCs. In this work, we first adopted the hydrothermal method to synthesize a V2O5-TiO2 composite support, and then employed the polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-protecting NaBH4 reduction strategy to fabricate xPdPty/V2O5-TiO2 catalysts (x and y are the PdPty loading (0.41, 0.46, and 0.49 wt%) and Pt/Pd molar ratio (2.10, 0.85, and 0.44), respectively; the corresponding catalysts are denoted as 0.46PdPt2.10/V2O5-TiO2, 0.41PdPt0.85/V2O5-TiO2, and 0.49PdPt0.44/V2O5-TiO2). Among all the samples, 0.46PdPt2.10/V2O5-TiO2 exhibited the best catalytic activity for toluene oxidation (T50% = 220 °C and T90% = 245 °C at a space velocity of 40,000 mL/(g h), apparent activation energy (Ea) = 45 kJ/mol), specific reaction rate at 230 °C = 98.6 μmol/(gPt s), and turnover frequency (TOFNoble metal) at 230 °C = 142.2 × 10−3 s−1. The good catalytic performance of 0.46PdPt2.10/V2O5-TiO2 was associated with its well-dispersed PdPt2.10 nanoparticles, high adsorbed oxygen species concentration, good redox ability, large toluene adsorption capacity, and strong interaction between PdPty and V2O5-TiO2. No significant changes in toluene conversion were detected when 5.0 vol% H2O or 50 ppm SO2 was introduced to the reaction system. According to the characterization results, we can realize that vanadium is the main site for SO2 adsorption while PdO is the secondary site for SO2 adsorption, which protects the active Pt site from being poisoned by SO2, thus making the 0.46PdPt2.10/V2O5TiO2 catalyst show good sulfur dioxide resistance.

Due to the expensive price and the low reserve of noble metals in nature, much attention has been paid to single-atom catalysts (SACs)—especially single-atom noble metal catalysts—owing to their maximum atomic utilization and dispersion. The emergence of SACs greatly decreases the amount of precious metals, improves the catalytic activity, and makes the catalytic process progressively economic and sustainable. However, the most remarkable challenge is the active sites and their stability against migration and aggregation under practical conditions. This review article summarizes the preparation strategies of SACs and their catalytic applications for the oxidation of methane, carbon monoxide, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and the reduction of nitrogen oxides. Furthermore, the perspectives and challenges of SACs in future research and practical applications are proposed. It is envisioned that the results summarized in this review will stimulate the interest of more researchers in developing SACs that are effective in catalyzing the reactions related to the environmental pollution control.

With the continuous emission of greenhouse gases, the greenhouse effect is becoming more and more serious. CO2, CH4, and N2O are three typical greenhouse gases, and in order to limit their emissions, it is imperative that they are accurately monitored. In this paper, the doping behavior of Ti on the surface of HfSe2 is investigated, based on the first-nature principle. Additionally, the parameters of adsorption energy and the transfer charges of Ti−HfSe2 for CO2, CH4, and N2O are calculated and compared, while the sensing characteristics of Ti−HfSe2 are analyzed. The results show that the structure is most stable when Ti is located above the lower-layer Se atom. The CO2 and N2O adsorption systems with large adsorption energies and transfer charges are a chemical adsorption, while the CH4 system is a physical adsorption with small adsorption energies and transfer charges. In addition, Ti−HfSe2 has a good sensitivity and recovery time for CO2 at 298 K, which is feasible for industrial application. All the contents of this paper provide theoretical guidance for the implementation of Ti−HfSe2 as a gas-sensitive material for the detection of greenhouse gas components.