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1. Prevalence and causes of blindness, visual impairment, and cataract surgery in Timor-Leste

Author

Correia M, Das T, Magno J, Pereira BM, Andrade V, Limburg H, Trevelyan J, Keeffe J, Verma N, and Sapkota Y

Subjects
Blindness, Prevalence, Timor, RAAB, Cataract, Ophthalmology, RE1-994
Abstract

Marcelino Correia,1 Taraprasad Das,2,3 Julia Magno,1 Bernadette M Pereira,1 Valerio Andrade,1 Hans Limburg,4 John Trevelyan,5 Jill Keeffe,3 Nitin Verma,6 Yuddha Sapkota2 1National Eye Center, Guido Valadares National Hospital, Dili, Timor-Leste; 2International Agency for Prevention of Blindness South East Asia Regional Office, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, India; 3LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India; 4International Centre for Eye Health, London, UK; 5International Agency for Prevention of Blindness, London, UK; 6Ophthalmology Department, University of Tasmania and Sydney, Royal Hobart Hospital, North Hobart, TAS, Australia Purpose: To estimate the prevalence and causes of blindness and visual impairment, cataract surgical coverage (CSC), visual outcome of cataract surgery, and barriers to uptake cataract surgery in Timor-Leste.Method: In a nationwide rapid assessment of avoidable blindness (RAAB), the latest population (1,066,409) and household data were used to create a sampling frame which consists of 2,227 population units (study clusters) from all 13 districts, with populations of 450–900 per unit. The sample size of 3,350 was calculated with the assumed prevalence of blindness at 4.5% among people aged ≥50 years with a 20% tolerable error, 95% CI, and a 90% response rate. The team was trained in the survey methodology, and inter-observer variation was measured. Door-to-door visits, led by an ophthalmologist, were made in preselected study clusters, and data were collected in line with the RAAB5 survey protocol. An Android smart phone installed with mRAAB software was used for data collection.Result: The age–gender standardized prevalence of blindness, severe visual impairment, and visual impairment were 2.8%, (1.8–3.8), 1.7% (1.7–2.3), and 8.1% (6.6–9.6), respectively. Cataract was the leading cause of blindness (79.4%). Blindness was more prevalent in the older age group and in women. CSC was 41.5% in cataract blind eyes and 48.6% in cataract blind people. Good visual outcome in the cataract-operated eyes was 62% (presenting) and 75.2% (best corrected). Two important barriers to not using available cataract surgical services were accessibility (45.5%) and lack of attendants to accompany (24.8%).Conclusion: The prevalence of blindness and visual impairment in Timor-Leste remains high. CSC is unacceptably low; gender inequity in blindness and CSC exists. Lack of access is the prominent barrier to cataract surgery. Keywords: blindness, prevalence, Timor, RAAB, population based survey

Published
2017

2. Causes of blindness and vision impairment in 2020 and trends over 30 years, and prevalence of avoidable blindness in relation to VISION 2020: the Right to Sight: an analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study

Author

Bourne R. R. A., Steinmetz J. D., Saylan M., Mersha A. M., Weldemariam A. H., Wondmeneh T. G., Sreeramareddy C. T., Pinheiro M., Yaseri M., Yu C., Zastrozhin M. S., Zastrozhina A., Zhang Z. -J., Zimsen S. R. M., Yonemoto N., Tsegaye G. W., Vu G. T., Vongpradith A., Renzaho A. M. N., Sorrie M. B., Shaheen A. A., Shiferaw W. S., Skryabin V. Y., Skryabina A. A., Saya G. K., Rahimi-Movaghar V., Shigematsu M., Sahraian M. A., Naderifar H., Sabour S., Rathi P., Sathian B., Miller T. R., Rezapour A., Rawal L., Pham H. Q., Parekh U., Podder V., Onwujekwe O. E., Pasovic M., Otstavnov N., Negash H., Pawar S., Naimzada M. D., Al Montasir A., Ogbo F. A., Owolabi M. O., Pakshir K., Mohammad Y., Moni M. A., Nunez-Samudio V., Mulaw G. F., Naveed M., Maleki S., Michalek I. M., Misra S., Swamy S. N., Mohammed J. A., Flaxman S., Park E. -C., Briant P. S., Meles G. G., Hayat K., Landires I., Kim G. R., Liu X., LeGrand K. E., Taylor H. R., Kunjathur S. M., Khoja T. A. M., Bicer B. K., Khalilov R., Hashi A., Kayode G. A., Carneiro V. L. A., Kavetskyy T., Kosen S., Kulkarni V., Holla R., Kalhor R., Jayaram S., Islam S. M. S., Gilani S. A., Eskandarieh S., Molla M. D., Itumalla R., Farzadfar F., Congdon N. G., Elhabashy H. R., Elayedath R., Couto R. A. S., Dervenis N., Cromwell E. A., Dahlawi S. M. A., Resnikoff S., Casson R. J., Abdoli A., Choi J. -Y. J., Dos Santos F. L. C., Abrha W. A., Nagaraja S. B., Abualhasan A., Adal T. G., Aregawi B. B., Beheshti M., Abu-Gharbieh E., Afshin A., Ahmadieh H., Alemzadeh S. A., Arrigo A., Atnafu D. D., Ashbaugh C., Ashrafi E., Alemayehu W., Alfaar A. S., Alipour V., Anbesu E. W., Androudi S., Arabloo J., Arditi A., Bagli E., Baig A. A., Barnighausen T. W., Battaglia Parodi M., Bhagavathula A. S., Bhardwaj N., Bhardwaj P., Bhattacharyya K., Bijani A., Bikbov M., Bottone M., Braithwaite T., Bron A. M., Butt Z. A., Cheng C. -Y., Chu D. -T., Cicinelli M. V., Coelho J. M., Dai X., Dana R., Dandona L., Dandona R., Del Monte M. A., Deva J. P., Diaz D., Djalalinia S., Dreer L. E., Ehrlich J. R., Ellwein L. B., Emamian M. H., Fernandes A. G., Fischer F., Friedman D. S., Furtado J. M., Gaidhane S., Gazzard G., Gebremichael B., George R., Ghashghaee A., Golechha M., Hamidi S., Hammond B. R., Hartnett M. E. R., Hartono R. K., Hay S. I., Heidari G., Ho H. C., Househ M., Ibitoye S. E., Ilic I. M., Huang J. J., Ilic M. D., Ingram A. D., Irvani S. S. N., Jha R. P., Kahloun R., Kandel H., Kasa A. S., Kempen J. H., Khairallah M., Khan E. A., Khanna R. C., Khatib M. N., Kim J. E., Kim Y. J., Kisa A., Kisa S., Koyanagi A., Kurmi O. P., Lansingh V. C., Leasher J. L., Leveziel N., Limburg H., Manafi N., Mansouri K., McAlinden C., Mohammadi S. F., Mokdad A. H., Morse A. R., Naderi M., Naidoo K. S., Nangia V., Nguyen H. L. T., Ogundimu K., Olagunju A. T., Panda-Jonas S., Pesudovs K., Peto T., Ur Rahman M. H., Ramulu P. Y., Rawaf D. L., Rawaf S., Reinig N., Robin A. L., Rossetti L., Safi S., Sahebkar A., Samy A. M., Serle J. B., Shaikh M. A., Shen T. T., Shibuya K., Shin J. I., Silva J. C., Silvester A., Singh J. A., Singhal D., Sitorus R. S., Skiadaresi E., Soheili A., Sousa R. A. R. C., Stambolian D., Tadesse E. G., Tahhan N., Tareque Md. I., Topouzis F., Tran B. X., Tsilimbaris M. K., Varma R., Virgili G., Wang N., Wang Y. X., West S. K., Wong T. Y., Jonas J. B., Vos T., Bourne, R. R. A., Steinmetz, J. D., Saylan, M., Mersha, A. M., Weldemariam, A. H., Wondmeneh, T. G., Sreeramareddy, C. T., Pinheiro, M., Yaseri, M., Yu, C., Zastrozhin, M. S., Zastrozhina, A., Zhang, Z. -J., Zimsen, S. R. M., Yonemoto, N., Tsegaye, G. W., Vu, G. T., Vongpradith, A., Renzaho, A. M. N., Sorrie, M. B., Shaheen, A. A., Shiferaw, W. S., Skryabin, V. Y., Skryabina, A. A., Saya, G. K., Rahimi-Movaghar, V., Shigematsu, M., Sahraian, M. A., Naderifar, H., Sabour, S., Rathi, P., Sathian, B., Miller, T. R., Rezapour, A., Rawal, L., Pham, H. Q., Parekh, U., Podder, V., Onwujekwe, O. E., Pasovic, M., Otstavnov, N., Negash, H., Pawar, S., Naimzada, M. D., Al Montasir, A., Ogbo, F. A., Owolabi, M. O., Pakshir, K., Mohammad, Y., Moni, M. A., Nunez-Samudio, V., Mulaw, G. F., Naveed, M., Maleki, S., Michalek, I. M., Misra, S., Swamy, S. N., Mohammed, J. A., Flaxman, S., Park, E. -C., Briant, P. S., Meles, G. G., Hayat, K., Landires, I., Kim, G. R., Liu, X., Legrand, K. E., Taylor, H. R., Kunjathur, S. M., Khoja, T. A. M., Bicer, B. K., Khalilov, R., Hashi, A., Kayode, G. A., Carneiro, V. L. A., Kavetskyy, T., Kosen, S., Kulkarni, V., Holla, R., Kalhor, R., Jayaram, S., Islam, S. M. S., Gilani, S. A., Eskandarieh, S., Molla, M. D., Itumalla, R., Farzadfar, F., Congdon, N. G., Elhabashy, H. R., Elayedath, R., Couto, R. A. S., Dervenis, N., Cromwell, E. A., Dahlawi, S. M. A., Resnikoff, S., Casson, R. J., Abdoli, A., Choi, J. -Y. J., Dos Santos, F. L. C., Abrha, W. A., Nagaraja, S. B., Abualhasan, A., Adal, T. G., Aregawi, B. B., Beheshti, M., Abu-Gharbieh, E., Afshin, A., Ahmadieh, H., Alemzadeh, S. A., Arrigo, A., Atnafu, D. D., Ashbaugh, C., Ashrafi, E., Alemayehu, W., Alfaar, A. S., Alipour, V., Anbesu, E. W., Androudi, S., Arabloo, J., Arditi, A., Bagli, E., Baig, A. A., Barnighausen, T. W., Battaglia Parodi, M., Bhagavathula, A. S., Bhardwaj, N., Bhardwaj, P., Bhattacharyya, K., Bijani, A., Bikbov, M., Bottone, M., Braithwaite, T., Bron, A. M., Butt, Z. A., Cheng, C. -Y., Chu, D. -T., Cicinelli, M. V., Coelho, J. M., Dai, X., Dana, R., Dandona, L., Dandona, R., Del Monte, M. A., Deva, J. P., Diaz, D., Djalalinia, S., Dreer, L. E., Ehrlich, J. R., Ellwein, L. B., Emamian, M. H., Fernandes, A. G., Fischer, F., Friedman, D. S., Furtado, J. M., Gaidhane, S., Gazzard, G., Gebremichael, B., George, R., Ghashghaee, A., Golechha, M., Hamidi, S., Hammond, B. R., Hartnett, M. E. R., Hartono, R. K., Hay, S. I., Heidari, G., Ho, H. C., Househ, M., Ibitoye, S. E., Ilic, I. M., Huang, J. J., Ilic, M. D., Ingram, A. D., Irvani, S. S. N., Jha, R. P., Kahloun, R., Kandel, H., Kasa, A. S., Kempen, J. H., Khairallah, M., Khan, E. A., Khanna, R. C., Khatib, M. N., Kim, J. E., Kim, Y. J., Kisa, A., Kisa, S., Koyanagi, A., Kurmi, O. P., Lansingh, V. C., Leasher, J. L., Leveziel, N., Limburg, H., Manafi, N., Mansouri, K., Mcalinden, C., Mohammadi, S. F., Mokdad, A. H., Morse, A. R., Naderi, M., Naidoo, K. S., Nangia, V., Nguyen, H. L. T., Ogundimu, K., Olagunju, A. T., Panda-Jonas, S., Pesudovs, K., Peto, T., Ur Rahman, M. H., Ramulu, P. Y., Rawaf, D. L., Rawaf, S., Reinig, N., Robin, A. L., Rossetti, L., Safi, S., Sahebkar, A., Samy, A. M., Serle, J. B., Shaikh, M. A., Shen, T. T., Shibuya, K., Shin, J. I., Silva, J. C., Silvester, A., Singh, J. A., Singhal, D., Sitorus, R. S., Skiadaresi, E., Soheili, A., Sousa, R. A. R. C., Stambolian, D., Tadesse, E. G., Tahhan, N., Tareque, Md. I., Topouzis, F., Tran, B. X., Tsilimbaris, M. K., Varma, R., Virgili, G., Wang, N., Wang, Y. X., West, S. K., Wong, T. Y., Jonas, J. B., Vos, T., University of Washington [Seattle], Anglia Ruskin University (ARU), Imperial College London, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg University, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Aksum University, Cairo University, University of Sharjah, Wolkite University, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences [Tehran] (SBUMS), Shahid Beheshti University, The Fred Hollows Foundation, Iran University of Medical Sciences, University of Leipzig Medical Center, University of Thessaly [Volos] (UTH), Visibility Metrics LLC, Adigrat University, San Raffaele Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Bahir Dar University (BDU), University Hospital of Ioannina, Sultan Zainal Abidin University, Universita Vita Salute San Raffaele = Vita-Salute San Raffaele University [Milan, Italie] (UniSR), Charles University [Prague] (CU), Government Medical College Pali, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Ufa Eye Research Institute, ondon School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Service d'Ophtalmologie (CHU de Dijon), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand (CHU Dijon), Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation [Dijon] (CSGA), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Employee State Insurance Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, University of Waterloo [Waterloo], Federal Polytechnic School of Lausanne, University of Minho, University of Adelaide, Singapore Eye Research Institute [Singapore] (SERI), Seoul National University Hospital, Hanoi National University of Education (HNUE), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute [Milan, Italie], University of Porto, Queen's University [Belfast] (QUB), University of Dammam - Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Harvard University, University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System, University of Gondar, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR), National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Ministry of Health and Medical Education [Iran] (MOHME), Mahatma Gandhi University of Medical Sciences and Technology, Cairo University - Faculty of Medicine, National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH), Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Federal University of Sao Paulo (Unifesp), University of Applied Sciences Ravensburg-Weingarten, University of São Paulo (USP), Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, University College of London [London] (UCL), Haramaya University, Sankara Nethralaya Medical Research Foundation, The University of Lahore, Indian Institute of Public Health Gandhinagar, Hamdan Bin Mohammed Smart University, University of Georgia, University of Utah, Institution of Public Health Sciences, Jigjiga Universit, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Independent Consultant, The Chinese University of Hong Kong [Hong Kong], Manipal academy of Higher Education, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Yale University [New Haven], University of Ibadan, University of Belgrade [Belgrade], Faculty of Science of the University of Kragujevac, University of Kragujevac, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia, Deakin University [Burwood], University of Hail, Mysore Medical College, Banaras Hindu University [Varanasi] (BHU), Ophtalmologistes Associe Monastir, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin (KUL), Institute of Human Virology [Nigeria] (IHVN), Myungsung Medical College, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Fattouma Bourguiba, Partenaires INRAE, Baku State University, Health Services Academy, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Health Ministers Council Gulf Cooperative Council Stat, Medical College of Wisconsin [Milwaukee] (MCW), Xiamen University Malaysia, Yonsei University, Oslo Metropolitan University (OsloMet), School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia, Brien Holden Vision Institute, Fondation Théa, The Fred Hollows Foundation, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Lions Clubs International Foundation, Sightsavers International, and University of Heidelberg., and GBD 2019 Blindness and Vision Impairment Collaborators* on behalf of the Vision Loss Expert Group of the Global Burden of Disease Study.

Subjects
Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Refractive error, Visual acuity, genetic structures, Eye disease, 030231 tropical medicine, Population, Glaucoma, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Global health, 030212 general & internal medicine, [SDV.MHEP.OS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Sensory Organs, education, education.field_of_study, business.industry, Articles, General Medicine, Diabetic retinopathy, Macular degeneration, medicine.disease, eye diseases, 3. Good health, medicine.symptom, business
Abstract

Background: Many causes of vision impairment can be prevented or treated. With an ageing global population, the demands for eye health services are increasing. We estimated the prevalence and relative contribution of avoidable causes of blindness and vision impairment globally from 1990 to 2020. We aimed to compare the results with the World Health Assembly Global Action Plan (WHA GAP) target of a 25% global reduction from 2010 to 2019 in avoidable vision impairment, defined as cataract and undercorrected refractive error. Methods: We did a systematic review and meta-analysis of population-based surveys of eye disease from January, 1980, to October, 2018. We fitted hierarchical models to estimate prevalence (with 95% uncertainty intervals [UIs]) of moderate and severe vision impairment (MSVI; presenting visual acuity from

Published
2021

3. PROTOCOL: Conflict of interest issues when engaging stakeholders in health and healthcare guideline development: a systematic review

Author

Khabsa, J, Petkovic, J, Riddle, A, Lytvyn, L, Magwood, O, Atwere, P, Campbell, P, Katikireddi, S, Merner, B, Nasser, M, Chang, S, Garcia, AJ, Limburg, H, Guise, J-M, Tugwell, P, Akl, EA, Khabsa, J, Petkovic, J, Riddle, A, Lytvyn, L, Magwood, O, Atwere, P, Campbell, P, Katikireddi, S, Merner, B, Nasser, M, Chang, S, Garcia, AJ, Limburg, H, Guise, J-M, Tugwell, P, and Akl, EA

Published
2022

4. Prevalence and causes of vision loss in East Asia in 2015: magnitude, temporal trends and projections

Author

Cheng C. -Y., Wang N., Wong T. Y., Congdon N., He M., Wang Y. X., Braithwaite T., Casson R. J., Cicinelli M. V., Das A., Flaxman S. R., Jonas J. B., Keeffe J. E., Kempen J. H., Leasher J., Limburg H., Naidoo K., Pesudovs K., Resnikoff S., Silvester A. J., Tahhan N., Taylor H. R., Bourne R. R. A., Vision Loss Expert Group of the Global Burden of Disease Study, Battaglia Parodi M., Cheng, C. -Y., Wang, N., Wong, T. Y., Congdon, N., He, M., Wang, Y. X., Braithwaite, T., Casson, R. J., Cicinelli, M. V., Das, A., Flaxman, S. R., Jonas, J. B., Keeffe, J. E., Kempen, J. H., Leasher, J., Limburg, H., Naidoo, K., Pesudovs, K., Resnikoff, S., Silvester, A. J., Tahhan, N., Taylor, H. R., Bourne, R. R. A., Vision Loss Expert Group of the Global Burden of Disease, Study, and Battaglia Parodi, M.

Subjects
Refractive error, Visual acuity, genetic structures, medicine.medical_treatment, Visual impairment, Population, Visual Acuity, Glaucoma, vision loss expert group, Blindness, vision lo, 03 medical and health sciences, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, 0302 clinical medicine, vision impairment, Prevalence, medicine, blindne, Humans, refractive error, 030212 general & internal medicine, education, education.field_of_study, Asia, Eastern, business.industry, Diabetic retinopathy, Cataract surgery, medicine.disease, eye diseases, Sensory Systems, Ophthalmology, glaucoma, Trachoma, cataract, global burden of disease study, 030221 ophthalmology & optometry, Optometry, medicine.symptom, macular degeneration, epidemiology, business
Abstract

BackgroundTo determine the prevalence and causes of blindness and vision impairment (VI) in East Asia in 2015 and to forecast the trend to 2020.MethodsThrough a systematic literature review and meta-analysis, we estimated prevalence of blindness (presenting visual acuity ResultsIn 2015, age-standardised prevalence of blindness, MSVI, mild VI and uncorrected presbyopia was 0.37% (80% uncertainty interval (UI) 0.12%–0.68%), 3.06% (80% UI 1.35%–5.16%) and 2.65% (80% UI 0.92%–4.91%), 32.91% (80% UI 18.72%–48.47%), respectively, in East Asia. Cataract was the leading cause of blindness (43.6%), followed by uncorrected refractive error (12.9%), glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, corneal diseases, trachoma and diabetic retinopathy (DR). The leading cause for MSVI was uncorrected refractive error, followed by cataract, age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma, corneal disease, trachoma and DR. The burden of VI due to uncorrected refractive error, cataracts, glaucoma and DR has continued to rise over the decades reported.ConclusionsAddressing the public healthcare barriers for cataract and uncorrected refractive error can help eliminate almost 57% of all blindness cases in this region. Therefore, public healthcare efforts should be focused on effective screening and effective patient education, with access to high-quality healthcare.

Published
2019

5. Causes of blindness and vision impairment in 2020 and trends over 30 years, and prevalence of avoidable blindness in relation to VISION 2020: the Right to Sight: an analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study

Author

Steinmetz, JD, Bourne, RRA, Briant, PS, Flaxman, S, Taylor, HR, Jonas, JB, Abdoli, A, Abrha, WA, Abualhasan, A, Abu-Gharbieh, E, Adal, TG, Afshin, A, Ahmadieh, H, Alemayehu, W, Alemzadeh, SA, Alfaar, AS, Alipour, V, Androudi, S, Arabloo, J, Arditi, A, Aregawi, BB, Arrigo, A, Ashbaugh, C, Ashrafi, E, Atnafu, DD, Bagli, E, Baig, AA, Barnighausen, TW, Parodi, MB, Beheshti, M, Bhagavathula, AS, Bhardwaj, N, Bhardwaj, P, Bhattacharyya, K, Bijani, A, Bikbov, M, Bottone, M, Braithwaite, T, Bron, AM, Nagaraja, SB, Butt, ZA, dos Santos, FLC, Carneiro, VLA, Casson, RJ, Cheng, C-Y, Choi, J-YJ, Chu, D-T, Cicinelli, MV, Coelho, JM, Congdon, NG, Couto, RAS, Cromwell, EA, Dahlawi, SMA, Dai, X, Dana, R, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Del Monte, MA, Molla, MD, Dervenis, N, Desta, AA, Deva, JP, Diaz, D, Djalalinia, S, Ehrlich, JR, Elayedath, R, Elhabashy, HR, Ellwein, LB, Emamian, MH, Eskandarieh, S, Farzadfar, F, Fernandes, AG, Fischer, F, Friedman, DS, Furtado, JM, Gaidhane, S, Gazzard, G, Gebremichael, B, George, R, Ghashghaee, A, Gilani, SA, Golechha, M, Hamidi, S, Hammond, BR, Hartnett, MER, Hartono, RK, Hashi, A, Hay, S, Hayat, K, Heidari, G, Ho, HC, Holla, R, Househ, M, Huang, JJ, Ibitoye, SE, Ilic, IM, Ilic, MD, Ingram, AD, Irvani, SSN, Islam, SMS, Itumalla, R, Jayaram, S, Jha, RP, Kahloun, R, Kalhor, R, Kandel, H, Kasa, AS, Kavetskyy, T, Kayode, GA, Kempen, JH, Khairallah, M, Khalilov, R, Khan, EA, Khanna, RC, Khatib, MN, Khoja, TAM, Kim, GR, Kim, JE, Kim, YJ, Kisa, A, Kisa, S, Kosen, S, Koyanagi, A, Bicer, BK, Kulkarni, V, Kurmi, OP, Landires, I, Lansingh, VC, Leasher, JL, LeGrand, KE, Leveziel, N, Limburg, H, Liu, X, Kunjathur, SM, Maleki, S, Manafi, N, Mansouri, K, McAlinden, C, Meles, GG, Mersha, AM, Michalek, IM, Miller, TR, Misra, S, Mohammad, Y, Mohammadi, SF, Mohammed, JA, Mokdad, AH, Moni, MA, Al Montasir, A, Morse, AR, Mulaw, GF, Naderi, M, Naderifar, H, Naidoo, KS, Naimzada, MD, Nangia, V, Swamy, SN, Naveed, M, Negash, H, Huong, LTN, Nunez-Samudio, V, Ogbo, FA, Ogundimu, K, Olagunju, AT, Onwujekwe, OE, Otstavnov, N, Owolabi, MO, Pakshir, K, Panda-Jonas, S, Parekh, U, Park, E-C, Pasovic, M, Pawar, S, Pesudovs, K, Peto, T, Pham, HQ, Pinheiro, M, Podder, V, Rahimi-Movaghar, V, Rahman, MHU, Ramulu, PY, Rathi, P, Rawaf, DL, Rawaf, S, Rawal, L, Reinig, N, Renzaho, AMN, Rezapour, A, Robin, AL, Rossetti, L, Sabour, S, Safi, S, Sahebkar, A, Sahraian, MA, Samy, AM, Sathian, B, Saya, GK, Saylan, M, Shaheen, AA, Shaikh, MA, Shen, TT, Shibuya, K, Shiferaw, WS, Shigematsu, M, Shin, JI, Silva, JC, Silvester, A, Singh, JA, Singhal, D, Sitorus, RS, Skiadaresi, E, Skryabin, VY, Skryabina, AA, Soheili, A, Sorrie, MB, Sousa, RARC, Sreeramareddy, CT, Stambolian, D, Tadesse, EG, Tahhan, N, Tareque, MI, Topouzis, F, Bach, XT, Tsegaye, GW, Tsilimbaris, MK, Varma, R, Virgili, G, Vongpradith, A, Vu, GT, Wang, YX, Wang, N, Weldemariam, AH, West, SK, Wondmeneh, TG, Wong, TY, Yaseri, M, Yonemoto, N, Yu, C, Zastrozhin, MS, Zastrozhina, A, Zhang, Z-J, Zimsen, SRM, Resnikoff, S, Vos, T, Steinmetz, JD, Bourne, RRA, Briant, PS, Flaxman, S, Taylor, HR, Jonas, JB, Abdoli, A, Abrha, WA, Abualhasan, A, Abu-Gharbieh, E, Adal, TG, Afshin, A, Ahmadieh, H, Alemayehu, W, Alemzadeh, SA, Alfaar, AS, Alipour, V, Androudi, S, Arabloo, J, Arditi, A, Aregawi, BB, Arrigo, A, Ashbaugh, C, Ashrafi, E, Atnafu, DD, Bagli, E, Baig, AA, Barnighausen, TW, Parodi, MB, Beheshti, M, Bhagavathula, AS, Bhardwaj, N, Bhardwaj, P, Bhattacharyya, K, Bijani, A, Bikbov, M, Bottone, M, Braithwaite, T, Bron, AM, Nagaraja, SB, Butt, ZA, dos Santos, FLC, Carneiro, VLA, Casson, RJ, Cheng, C-Y, Choi, J-YJ, Chu, D-T, Cicinelli, MV, Coelho, JM, Congdon, NG, Couto, RAS, Cromwell, EA, Dahlawi, SMA, Dai, X, Dana, R, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Del Monte, MA, Molla, MD, Dervenis, N, Desta, AA, Deva, JP, Diaz, D, Djalalinia, S, Ehrlich, JR, Elayedath, R, Elhabashy, HR, Ellwein, LB, Emamian, MH, Eskandarieh, S, Farzadfar, F, Fernandes, AG, Fischer, F, Friedman, DS, Furtado, JM, Gaidhane, S, Gazzard, G, Gebremichael, B, George, R, Ghashghaee, A, Gilani, SA, Golechha, M, Hamidi, S, Hammond, BR, Hartnett, MER, Hartono, RK, Hashi, A, Hay, S, Hayat, K, Heidari, G, Ho, HC, Holla, R, Househ, M, Huang, JJ, Ibitoye, SE, Ilic, IM, Ilic, MD, Ingram, AD, Irvani, SSN, Islam, SMS, Itumalla, R, Jayaram, S, Jha, RP, Kahloun, R, Kalhor, R, Kandel, H, Kasa, AS, Kavetskyy, T, Kayode, GA, Kempen, JH, Khairallah, M, Khalilov, R, Khan, EA, Khanna, RC, Khatib, MN, Khoja, TAM, Kim, GR, Kim, JE, Kim, YJ, Kisa, A, Kisa, S, Kosen, S, Koyanagi, A, Bicer, BK, Kulkarni, V, Kurmi, OP, Landires, I, Lansingh, VC, Leasher, JL, LeGrand, KE, Leveziel, N, Limburg, H, Liu, X, Kunjathur, SM, Maleki, S, Manafi, N, Mansouri, K, McAlinden, C, Meles, GG, Mersha, AM, Michalek, IM, Miller, TR, Misra, S, Mohammad, Y, Mohammadi, SF, Mohammed, JA, Mokdad, AH, Moni, MA, Al Montasir, A, Morse, AR, Mulaw, GF, Naderi, M, Naderifar, H, Naidoo, KS, Naimzada, MD, Nangia, V, Swamy, SN, Naveed, M, Negash, H, Huong, LTN, Nunez-Samudio, V, Ogbo, FA, Ogundimu, K, Olagunju, AT, Onwujekwe, OE, Otstavnov, N, Owolabi, MO, Pakshir, K, Panda-Jonas, S, Parekh, U, Park, E-C, Pasovic, M, Pawar, S, Pesudovs, K, Peto, T, Pham, HQ, Pinheiro, M, Podder, V, Rahimi-Movaghar, V, Rahman, MHU, Ramulu, PY, Rathi, P, Rawaf, DL, Rawaf, S, Rawal, L, Reinig, N, Renzaho, AMN, Rezapour, A, Robin, AL, Rossetti, L, Sabour, S, Safi, S, Sahebkar, A, Sahraian, MA, Samy, AM, Sathian, B, Saya, GK, Saylan, M, Shaheen, AA, Shaikh, MA, Shen, TT, Shibuya, K, Shiferaw, WS, Shigematsu, M, Shin, JI, Silva, JC, Silvester, A, Singh, JA, Singhal, D, Sitorus, RS, Skiadaresi, E, Skryabin, VY, Skryabina, AA, Soheili, A, Sorrie, MB, Sousa, RARC, Sreeramareddy, CT, Stambolian, D, Tadesse, EG, Tahhan, N, Tareque, MI, Topouzis, F, Bach, XT, Tsegaye, GW, Tsilimbaris, MK, Varma, R, Virgili, G, Vongpradith, A, Vu, GT, Wang, YX, Wang, N, Weldemariam, AH, West, SK, Wondmeneh, TG, Wong, TY, Yaseri, M, Yonemoto, N, Yu, C, Zastrozhin, MS, Zastrozhina, A, Zhang, Z-J, Zimsen, SRM, Resnikoff, S, and Vos, T

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Many causes of vision impairment can be prevented or treated. With an ageing global population, the demands for eye health services are increasing. We estimated the prevalence and relative contribution of avoidable causes of blindness and vision impairment globally from 1990 to 2020. We aimed to compare the results with the World Health Assembly Global Action Plan (WHA GAP) target of a 25% global reduction from 2010 to 2019 in avoidable vision impairment, defined as cataract and undercorrected refractive error. METHODS: We did a systematic review and meta-analysis of population-based surveys of eye disease from January, 1980, to October, 2018. We fitted hierarchical models to estimate prevalence (with 95% uncertainty intervals [UIs]) of moderate and severe vision impairment (MSVI; presenting visual acuity from <6/18 to 3/60) and blindness (<3/60 or less than 10° visual field around central fixation) by cause, age, region, and year. Because of data sparsity at younger ages, our analysis focused on adults aged 50 years and older. FINDINGS: Global crude prevalence of avoidable vision impairment and blindness in adults aged 50 years and older did not change between 2010 and 2019 (percentage change -0·2% [95% UI -1·5 to 1·0]; 2019 prevalence 9·58 cases per 1000 people [95% IU 8·51 to 10·8], 2010 prevalence 96·0 cases per 1000 people [86·0 to 107·0]). Age-standardised prevalence of avoidable blindness decreased by -15·4% [-16·8 to -14·3], while avoidable MSVI showed no change (0·5% [-0·8 to 1·6]). However, the number of cases increased for both avoidable blindness (10·8% [8·9 to 12·4]) and MSVI (31·5% [30·0 to 33·1]). The leading global causes of blindness in those aged 50 years and older in 2020 were cataract (15·2 million cases [9% IU 12·7-18·0]), followed by glaucoma (3·6 million cases [2·8-4·4]), undercorrected refractive error (2·3 million cases [1·8-2·8]), age-related macular degeneration (1·8 million cases [1·3-2·4]), and diabetic retinopathy (0·86 mill

Published
2021

6. Trends in prevalence of blindness and distance and near vision impairment over 30 years: an analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study

Author

Bourne, RRA, Steinmetz, JD, Flaxman, S, Briant, PS, Taylor, HR, Resnikoff, S, Casson, RJ, Abdoli, A, Abu-Gharbieh, E, Afshin, A, Ahmadieh, H, Akalu, Y, Alamneh, AA, Alemayehu, W, Alfaar, AS, Alipour, V, Anbesu, EW, Androudi, S, Arabloo, J, Arditi, A, Asaad, M, Bagli, E, Baig, AA, Barnighausen, TW, Parodi, MB, Bhagavathula, AS, Bhardwaj, N, Bhardwaj, P, Bhattacharyya, K, Bijani, A, Bikbov, M, Bottone, M, Braithwaite, T, Bron, AM, Butt, ZA, Cheng, C-Y, Chu, D-T, Cicinelli, MV, Coelho, JM, Dagnew, B, Dai, X, Dana, R, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Del Monte, MA, Deva, JP, Diaz, D, Djalalinia, S, Dreer, LE, Ehrlich, JR, Ellwein, LB, Emamian, MH, Fernandes, AG, Fischer, F, Friedman, DS, Furtado, JM, Gaidhane, AM, Gaidhane, S, Gazzard, G, Gebremichael, B, George, R, Ghashghaee, A, Golechha, M, Hamidi, S, Hammond, BR, Hartnett, MER, Hartono, RK, Hay, S, Heidari, G, Ho, HC, Chi, LH, Househ, M, Ibitoye, SE, Ilic, IM, Ilic, MD, Ingram, AD, Irvani, SSN, Jha, RP, Kahloun, R, Kandel, H, Kasa, AS, Kempen, JH, Keramati, M, Khairallah, M, Khan, EA, Khanna, RC, Khatib, MN, Kim, JE, Kim, YJ, Kisa, A, Kisa, S, Koyanagi, A, Kurmi, OP, Lansingh, VC, Leasher, JL, Leveziel, N, Limburg, H, Majdan, M, Manafi, N, Mansouri, K, McAlinden, C, Mohammadi, SF, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A, Mohammadpourhodki, R, Mokdad, AH, Moosavi, D, Morse, AR, Naderi, M, Naidoo, KS, Nangia, V, Cuong, TN, Huong, LTN, Ogundimu, K, Olagunju, AT, Ostroff, SM, Panda-Jonas, S, Pesudovs, K, Peto, T, Syed, ZQ, Rahman, MHU, Ramulu, PY, Rawaf, DL, Rawaf, S, Reinig, N, Robin, AL, Rossetti, L, Safi, S, Sahebkar, A, Samy, AM, Saxena, D, Serle, JB, Shaikh, MA, Shen, TT, Shibuya, K, Shin, JI, Silva, JC, Silvester, A, Singh, JA, Singhal, D, Sitorus, RS, Skiadaresi, E, Skirbekk, V, Soheili, A, Sousa, RARC, Spurlock, EE, Stambolian, D, Taddele, BW, Tadesse, EG, Tahhan, N, Tareque, MI, Topouzis, F, Bach, XT, Travillian, RS, Tsilimbaris, MK, Varma, R, Virgili, G, Wang, N, Wang, YX, West, SK, Wong, TY, Zaidi, Z, Zewdie, KA, Jonas, JB, Vos, T, Bourne, RRA, Steinmetz, JD, Flaxman, S, Briant, PS, Taylor, HR, Resnikoff, S, Casson, RJ, Abdoli, A, Abu-Gharbieh, E, Afshin, A, Ahmadieh, H, Akalu, Y, Alamneh, AA, Alemayehu, W, Alfaar, AS, Alipour, V, Anbesu, EW, Androudi, S, Arabloo, J, Arditi, A, Asaad, M, Bagli, E, Baig, AA, Barnighausen, TW, Parodi, MB, Bhagavathula, AS, Bhardwaj, N, Bhardwaj, P, Bhattacharyya, K, Bijani, A, Bikbov, M, Bottone, M, Braithwaite, T, Bron, AM, Butt, ZA, Cheng, C-Y, Chu, D-T, Cicinelli, MV, Coelho, JM, Dagnew, B, Dai, X, Dana, R, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Del Monte, MA, Deva, JP, Diaz, D, Djalalinia, S, Dreer, LE, Ehrlich, JR, Ellwein, LB, Emamian, MH, Fernandes, AG, Fischer, F, Friedman, DS, Furtado, JM, Gaidhane, AM, Gaidhane, S, Gazzard, G, Gebremichael, B, George, R, Ghashghaee, A, Golechha, M, Hamidi, S, Hammond, BR, Hartnett, MER, Hartono, RK, Hay, S, Heidari, G, Ho, HC, Chi, LH, Househ, M, Ibitoye, SE, Ilic, IM, Ilic, MD, Ingram, AD, Irvani, SSN, Jha, RP, Kahloun, R, Kandel, H, Kasa, AS, Kempen, JH, Keramati, M, Khairallah, M, Khan, EA, Khanna, RC, Khatib, MN, Kim, JE, Kim, YJ, Kisa, A, Kisa, S, Koyanagi, A, Kurmi, OP, Lansingh, VC, Leasher, JL, Leveziel, N, Limburg, H, Majdan, M, Manafi, N, Mansouri, K, McAlinden, C, Mohammadi, SF, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A, Mohammadpourhodki, R, Mokdad, AH, Moosavi, D, Morse, AR, Naderi, M, Naidoo, KS, Nangia, V, Cuong, TN, Huong, LTN, Ogundimu, K, Olagunju, AT, Ostroff, SM, Panda-Jonas, S, Pesudovs, K, Peto, T, Syed, ZQ, Rahman, MHU, Ramulu, PY, Rawaf, DL, Rawaf, S, Reinig, N, Robin, AL, Rossetti, L, Safi, S, Sahebkar, A, Samy, AM, Saxena, D, Serle, JB, Shaikh, MA, Shen, TT, Shibuya, K, Shin, JI, Silva, JC, Silvester, A, Singh, JA, Singhal, D, Sitorus, RS, Skiadaresi, E, Skirbekk, V, Soheili, A, Sousa, RARC, Spurlock, EE, Stambolian, D, Taddele, BW, Tadesse, EG, Tahhan, N, Tareque, MI, Topouzis, F, Bach, XT, Travillian, RS, Tsilimbaris, MK, Varma, R, Virgili, G, Wang, N, Wang, YX, West, SK, Wong, TY, Zaidi, Z, Zewdie, KA, Jonas, JB, and Vos, T

Abstract

BACKGROUND: To contribute to the WHO initiative, VISION 2020: The Right to Sight, an assessment of global vision impairment in 2020 and temporal change is needed. We aimed to extensively update estimates of global vision loss burden, presenting estimates for 2020, temporal change over three decades between 1990-2020, and forecasts for 2050. METHODS: We did a systematic review and meta-analysis of population-based surveys of eye disease from January, 1980, to October, 2018. Only studies with samples representative of the population and with clearly defined visual acuity testing protocols were included. We fitted hierarchical models to estimate 2020 prevalence (with 95% uncertainty intervals [UIs]) of mild vision impairment (presenting visual acuity ≥6/18 and <6/12), moderate and severe vision impairment (<6/18 to 3/60), and blindness (<3/60 or less than 10° visual field around central fixation); and vision impairment from uncorrected presbyopia (presenting near vision

Published
2021

7. TMPRSS2 and furin are both essential for proteolytic activation of SARS-CoV-2 in human airway cells

Author

Bestle, D., Heindl, M.R., Limburg, H., Van Lam van, T., Pilgram, O., Moulton, H., Stein, D.A., Hardes, K., Eickmann, M., Dolnik, O., Rohde, C., Klenk, H.-D., Garten, W., Steinmetzer, T., Böttcher-Friebertshäuser, E., and Publica

Abstract

The novel emerged SARS-CoV-2 has rapidly spread around the world causing acute infection of the respiratory tract (COVID-19) that can result in severe disease and lethality. For SARS-CoV-2 to enter cells, its surface glycoprotein spike (S) must be cleaved at two different sites by host cell proteases, which therefore represent potential drug targets. In the present study, we show that S can be cleaved by the proprotein convertase furin at the S1/S2 site and the transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) at the S2' site. We demonstrate that TMPRSS2 is essential for activation of SARS-CoV-2 S in Calu-3 human airway epithelial cells through antisense-mediated knockdown of TMPRSS2 expression. Furthermore, SARS-CoV-2 replication was also strongly inhibited by the synthetic furin inhibitor MI-1851 in human airway cells. In contrast, inhibition of endosomal cathepsins by E64d did not affect virus replication. Combining various TMPRSS2 inhibitors with furin inhibitor MI-1851 produced more potent antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 than an equimolar amount of any single serine protease inhibitor. Therefore, this approach has considerable therapeutic potential for treatment of COVID-19.

Published
2020

8. Global Prevalence of Blindness and Distance and Near Vision Impairment in 2020: progress towards the Vision 2020 targets and what the future holds

Author

Bourne, RRA, Adelson, J, Flaxman, S, Briant, P, Bottone, M, Vos, T, Naidoo, K, Braithwaite, T, Cicinelli, M, Jonas, J, Limburg, H, Resnikoff, S, Silvester, A, Nangia, V, Taylor, HR, Bourne, RRA, Adelson, J, Flaxman, S, Briant, P, Bottone, M, Vos, T, Naidoo, K, Braithwaite, T, Cicinelli, M, Jonas, J, Limburg, H, Resnikoff, S, Silvester, A, Nangia, V, and Taylor, HR

Published
2020

9. Prevalence and causes of vision loss in East Asia in 2015: magnitude, temporal trends and projections

Author

Cheng, C-Y, Wang, N, Wong, TY, Congdon, N, He, M, Wang, YX, Braithwaite, T, Casson, RJ, Cicinelli, MV, Das, A, Flaxman, SR, Jonas, JB, Keeffe, JE, Kempen, JH, Leasher, J, Limburg, H, Naidoo, K, Pesudovs, K, Resnikoff, S, Silvester, AJ, Tahhan, N, Taylor, HR, Bourne, RRA, Cheng, C-Y, Wang, N, Wong, TY, Congdon, N, He, M, Wang, YX, Braithwaite, T, Casson, RJ, Cicinelli, MV, Das, A, Flaxman, SR, Jonas, JB, Keeffe, JE, Kempen, JH, Leasher, J, Limburg, H, Naidoo, K, Pesudovs, K, Resnikoff, S, Silvester, AJ, Tahhan, N, Taylor, HR, and Bourne, RRA

Abstract

BACKGROUND: To determine the prevalence and causes of blindness and vision impairment (VI) in East Asia in 2015 and to forecast the trend to 2020. METHODS: Through a systematic literature review and meta-analysis, we estimated prevalence of blindness (presenting visual acuity <3/60 in the better eye), moderate-to-severe vision impairment (MSVI; 3/60≤presenting visual acuity <6/18), mild vision impairment (mild VI: 6/18≤presenting visual acuity <6/12) and uncorrected presbyopia for 1990, 2010, 2015 and 2020. A total of 44 population-based studies were included. RESULTS: In 2015, age-standardised prevalence of blindness, MSVI, mild VI and uncorrected presbyopia was 0.37% (80% uncertainty interval (UI) 0.12%-0.68%), 3.06% (80% UI 1.35%-5.16%) and 2.65% (80% UI 0.92%-4.91%), 32.91% (80% UI 18.72%-48.47%), respectively, in East Asia. Cataract was the leading cause of blindness (43.6%), followed by uncorrected refractive error (12.9%), glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, corneal diseases, trachoma and diabetic retinopathy (DR). The leading cause for MSVI was uncorrected refractive error, followed by cataract, age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma, corneal disease, trachoma and DR. The burden of VI due to uncorrected refractive error, cataracts, glaucoma and DR has continued to rise over the decades reported. CONCLUSIONS: Addressing the public healthcare barriers for cataract and uncorrected refractive error can help eliminate almost 57% of all blindness cases in this region. Therefore, public healthcare efforts should be focused on effective screening and effective patient education, with access to high-quality healthcare.

Published
2020

12. Cataract blindness in Turkmenistan: results of a national survey. (World view)

Author

Amansakhatov, S., Volokhovskaya, Z.P., Afanasyeva, A.N., and Limburg, H.

Subjects
Ophthalmology -- Research, Cataract -- Research, Health, Research
Abstract

Aim: To present results of a rapid assessment of cataract in Turkmenistan. Methods: 6120 eligible people of 50 years and older were selected by systematic random sampling from the whole [...]

Published
2002

14. Die Tumoren der Vulva

Author

Limburg, H., Uehlinger, E., editor, Dallenbach-Hellweg, G., editor, Egloff, B., editor, Hillemanns, H. G., editor, Jaeger, J., editor, Klostermann, G. F., editor, Limburg, H., editor, Staffeldt, K., editor, and Stoll, P., editor

Published
1972
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16. Prevalence and causes of vision loss in high-income countries and in Eastern and Central Europe in 2015: magnitude, temporal trends and projections

Author

Bourne, RRA, Jonas, JB, Bron, AM, Cicinelli, MV, Das, A, Flaxman, SR, Friedman, DS, Keeffe, JE, Kempen, JH, Leasher, J, Limburg, H, Naidoo, K, Pesudovs, K, Peto, T, Saadine, J, Silvester, AJ, Tahhan, N, Taylor, HR, Varma, R, Wong, TY, Resnikoff, S, Bourne, RRA, Jonas, JB, Bron, AM, Cicinelli, MV, Das, A, Flaxman, SR, Friedman, DS, Keeffe, JE, Kempen, JH, Leasher, J, Limburg, H, Naidoo, K, Pesudovs, K, Peto, T, Saadine, J, Silvester, AJ, Tahhan, N, Taylor, HR, Varma, R, Wong, TY, and Resnikoff, S

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Within a surveillance of the prevalence and causes of vision impairment in high-income regions and Central/Eastern Europe, we update figures through 2015 and forecast expected values in 2020. METHODS: Based on a systematic review of medical literature, prevalence of blindness, moderate and severe vision impairment (MSVI), mild vision impairment and presbyopia was estimated for 1990, 2010, 2015, and 2020. RESULTS: Age-standardised prevalence of blindness and MSVI for all ages decreased from 1990 to 2015 from 0.26% (0.10-0.46) to 0.15% (0.06-0.26) and from 1.74% (0.76-2.94) to 1.27% (0.55-2.17), respectively. In 2015, the number of individuals affected by blindness, MSVI and mild vision impairment ranged from 70 000, 630 000 and 610 000, respectively, in Australasia to 980 000, 7.46 million and 7.25 million, respectively, in North America and 1.16 million, 9.61 million and 9.47 million, respectively, in Western Europe. In 2015, cataract was the most common cause for blindness, followed by age-related macular degeneration (AMD), glaucoma, uncorrected refractive error, diabetic retinopathy and cornea-related disorders, with declining burden from cataract and AMD over time. Uncorrected refractive error was the leading cause of MSVI. CONCLUSIONS: While continuing to advance control of cataract and AMD as the leading causes of blindness remains a high priority, overcoming barriers to uptake of refractive error services would address approximately half of the MSVI burden. New data on burden of presbyopia identify this entity as an important public health problem in this population. Additional research on better treatments, better implementation with existing tools and ongoing surveillance of the problem is needed.

Published
2018

17. Rapid assessment of avoidable blindness in Uruguay: results of a nationwide survey

Author

Gallarreta, M., Furtado, J. M., Lansingh, V. C., Juan Carlos Silva, and Limburg, H.

Subjects
Male, lcsh:Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, Pseudophakia, genetic structures, lcsh:RC955-962, Vision Disorders, lcsh:Medicine, Cataract Extraction, Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological, Blindness, ceguera, Cataract, Health Services Accessibility, Lens Implantation, Intraocular, Prevalence, Humans, Aged, Aphakia, Aged, 80 and over, Health Services Needs and Demand, Motivation, lcsh:Public aspects of medicine, lcsh:R, lcsh:RA1-1270, Fear, Middle Aged, Health Surveys, eye diseases, extracción de catarata, Uruguay, Female, prevención & control, Salud ocular
Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To investigate and describe the prevalence and causes of blindness and moderate and severe visual impairment in older adults living in Uruguay. METHODS: All individuals aged ≥ 50 years old living in randomly selected clusters were eligible to participate. In each census enumeration unit selected, 50 residents aged 50 years and older were chosen to participate in the study using compact segment sampling. The study participants underwent visual acuity (VA) measurement and lens examination; those with presenting VA (PVA) < 20/60 also underwent direct ophthalmoscopy. Moderate visual impairment (MVI) was defined as PVA < 20/60-20/200, severe visual impairment (SVI) was defined as PVA < 20/200-20/400, and blindness was defined as PVA < 20/400, all based on vision in the better eye with available correction. RESULTS: Out of 3 956 eligible individuals, 3 729 (94.3%) were examined. The age- and sex-adjusted prevalence of blindness was 0.9% (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.5-1.3). Cataract (48.6%) and glaucoma (14.3%) were the main causes of blindness. Prevalence of SVI and MVI was 0.9% (95% CI: 0.5-1.3) and 7.9% (95% CI: 6.0-9.7) respectively. Cataract was the main cause of SVI (65.7%), followed by uncorrected refractive error (14.3%), which was the main cause of MVI (55.2%). Cataract surgical coverage was 76.8% (calculated by eye) and 91.3% (calculated by individual). Of all eyes operated for cataract, 70.0% could see ≥ 20/60 and 15.3% could not see 20/200 post-surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Prevalence of blindness in Uruguay is low compared to other Latin American countries, but further reduction is feasible. Due to Uruguay's high cataract surgical coverage and growing proportion of people ≥ 50 years old, the impact of posterior pole diseases as a contributing factor to blindness might increase in future.

Published
2014

18. Magnitude, temporal trends, and projections of the global prevalence of blindness and distance and near vision impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Author

Bourne, RRA, Flaxman, SR, Braithwaite, T, Cicinelli, MV, Das, A, Jonas, JB, Keeffe, J, Kempen, JH, Leasher, J, Limburg, H, Naidoo, K, Pesudovs, K, Resnikoff, S, Silvester, A, Stevens, GA, Tahhan, N, Wong, TY, Taylor, HR, Ackland, P, Arditi, A, Barkana, Y, Bozkurt, B, Wormald, R, Bron, A, Budenz, D, Cai, F, Casson, R, Chakravarthy, U, Congdon, N, Peto, T, Choi, J, Dana, R, Palaiou, M, Dandona, R, Dandona, L, Shen, T, Dekaris, I, Del Monte, M, Deva, J, Dreer, L, Frazier, M, Ellwein, L, Hejtmancik, J, Frick, K, Friedman, D, Javitt, J, Munoz, B, Quigley, H, Ramulu, P, Robin, A, Tielsch, J, West, S, Furtado, J, Gao, H, Gazzard, G, George, R, Gichuhi, S, Gonzalez, V, Hammond, B, Hartnett, ME, He, M, Hirai, F, Huang, J, Ingram, A, Joslin, C, Khanna, R, Stambolian, D, Khairallah, M, Kim, J, Lambrou, G, Lansingh, VC, Lanzetta, P, Lim, J, Mansouri, K, Mathew, A, Morse, A, Musch, D, Nangia, V, Battaglia, M, Yaacov, F, Raju, M, Rossetti, L, Saaddine, J, Sandar, M, Serle, J, Shetty, R, Sieving, P, Silva, JC, Sitorus, RS, Tejedor, J, Tsilimbaris, M, Bourne, RRA, Flaxman, SR, Braithwaite, T, Cicinelli, MV, Das, A, Jonas, JB, Keeffe, J, Kempen, JH, Leasher, J, Limburg, H, Naidoo, K, Pesudovs, K, Resnikoff, S, Silvester, A, Stevens, GA, Tahhan, N, Wong, TY, Taylor, HR, Ackland, P, Arditi, A, Barkana, Y, Bozkurt, B, Wormald, R, Bron, A, Budenz, D, Cai, F, Casson, R, Chakravarthy, U, Congdon, N, Peto, T, Choi, J, Dana, R, Palaiou, M, Dandona, R, Dandona, L, Shen, T, Dekaris, I, Del Monte, M, Deva, J, Dreer, L, Frazier, M, Ellwein, L, Hejtmancik, J, Frick, K, Friedman, D, Javitt, J, Munoz, B, Quigley, H, Ramulu, P, Robin, A, Tielsch, J, West, S, Furtado, J, Gao, H, Gazzard, G, George, R, Gichuhi, S, Gonzalez, V, Hammond, B, Hartnett, ME, He, M, Hirai, F, Huang, J, Ingram, A, Joslin, C, Khanna, R, Stambolian, D, Khairallah, M, Kim, J, Lambrou, G, Lansingh, VC, Lanzetta, P, Lim, J, Mansouri, K, Mathew, A, Morse, A, Musch, D, Nangia, V, Battaglia, M, Yaacov, F, Raju, M, Rossetti, L, Saaddine, J, Sandar, M, Serle, J, Shetty, R, Sieving, P, Silva, JC, Sitorus, RS, Tejedor, J, and Tsilimbaris, M

Abstract

© 2017 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license Background Global and regional prevalence estimates for blindness and vision impairment are important for the development of public health policies. We aimed to provide global estimates, trends, and projections of global blindness and vision impairment. Methods We did a systematic review and meta-analysis of population-based datasets relevant to global vision impairment and blindness that were published between 1980 and 2015. We fitted hierarchical models to estimate the prevalence (by age, country, and sex), in 2015, of mild visual impairment (presenting visual acuity worse than 6/12 to 6/18 inclusive), moderate to severe visual impairment (presenting visual acuity worse than 6/18 to 3/60 inclusive), blindness (presenting visual acuity worse than 3/60), and functional presbyopia (defined as presenting near vision worse than N6 or N8 at 40 cm when best-corrected distance visual acuity was better than 6/12). Findings Globally, of the 7·33 billion people alive in 2015, an estimated 36·0 million (80% uncertainty interval [UI] 12·9–65·4) were blind (crude prevalence 0·48%; 80% UI 0·17–0·87; 56% female), 216·6 million (80% UI 98·5–359·1) people had moderate to severe visual impairment (2·95%, 80% UI 1·34–4·89; 55% female), and 188·5 million (80% UI 64·5–350·2) had mild visual impairment (2·57%, 80% UI 0·88–4·77; 54% female). Functional presbyopia affected an estimated 1094·7 million (80% UI 581·1–1686·5) people aged 35 years and older, with 666·7 million (80% UI 364·9–997·6) being aged 50 years or older. The estimated number of blind people increased by 17·6%, from 30·6 million (80% UI 9·9–57·3) in 1990 to 36·0 million (80% UI 12·9–65·4) in 2015. This change was attributable to three factors, namely an increase because of population growth (38·4%), population ageing after accounting for population growth (34·6%), and reduction in age-specific prevalence (−36·7%). T

Published
2017

19. Global causes of blindness and distance vision impairment 1990–2020: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Author

Flaxman, SR, Bourne, RRA, Resnikoff, S, Ackland, P, Braithwaite, T, Cicinelli, MV, Das, A, Jonas, JB, Keeffe, J, Kempen, JH, Leasher, J, Limburg, H, Naidoo, K, Pesudovs, K, Silvester, A, Stevens, GA, Tahhan, N, Wong, TY, Taylor, HR, Arditi, A, Barkana, Y, Bozkurt, B, Bron, A, Budenz, D, Cai, F, Casson, R, Chakravarthy, U, Choi, J, Congdon, N, Dana, R, Dandona, R, Dandona, L, Dekaris, I, Del Monte, M, Deva, J, Dreer, L, Ellwein, L, Frazier, M, Frick, K, Friedman, D, Furtado, J, Gao, H, Gazzard, G, George, R, Gichuhi, S, Gonzalez, V, Hammond, B, Hartnett, ME, He, M, Hejtmancik, J, Hirai, F, Huang, J, Ingram, A, Javitt, J, Joslin, C, Khairallah, M, Khanna, R, Kim, J, Lambrou, G, Lansingh, VC, Lanzetta, P, Lim, J, Mansouri, K, Mathew, A, Morse, A, Munoz, B, Musch, D, Nangia, V, Palaiou, M, Parodi, MB, Pena, FY, Peto, T, Quigley, H, Raju, M, Ramulu, P, Reza, D, Robin, A, Rossetti, L, Saaddine, J, Sandar, M, Serle, J, Shen, T, Shetty, R, Sieving, P, Silva, JC, Sitorus, RS, Stambolian, D, Tejedor, J, Tielsch, J, Tsilimbaris, M, van Meurs, J, Flaxman, SR, Bourne, RRA, Resnikoff, S, Ackland, P, Braithwaite, T, Cicinelli, MV, Das, A, Jonas, JB, Keeffe, J, Kempen, JH, Leasher, J, Limburg, H, Naidoo, K, Pesudovs, K, Silvester, A, Stevens, GA, Tahhan, N, Wong, TY, Taylor, HR, Arditi, A, Barkana, Y, Bozkurt, B, Bron, A, Budenz, D, Cai, F, Casson, R, Chakravarthy, U, Choi, J, Congdon, N, Dana, R, Dandona, R, Dandona, L, Dekaris, I, Del Monte, M, Deva, J, Dreer, L, Ellwein, L, Frazier, M, Frick, K, Friedman, D, Furtado, J, Gao, H, Gazzard, G, George, R, Gichuhi, S, Gonzalez, V, Hammond, B, Hartnett, ME, He, M, Hejtmancik, J, Hirai, F, Huang, J, Ingram, A, Javitt, J, Joslin, C, Khairallah, M, Khanna, R, Kim, J, Lambrou, G, Lansingh, VC, Lanzetta, P, Lim, J, Mansouri, K, Mathew, A, Morse, A, Munoz, B, Musch, D, Nangia, V, Palaiou, M, Parodi, MB, Pena, FY, Peto, T, Quigley, H, Raju, M, Ramulu, P, Reza, D, Robin, A, Rossetti, L, Saaddine, J, Sandar, M, Serle, J, Shen, T, Shetty, R, Sieving, P, Silva, JC, Sitorus, RS, Stambolian, D, Tejedor, J, Tielsch, J, Tsilimbaris, M, and van Meurs, J

Abstract

© 2017 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license Background Contemporary data for causes of vision impairment and blindness form an important basis of recommendations in public health policies. Refreshment of the Global Vision Database with recently published data sources permitted modelling of cause of vision loss data from 1990 to 2015, further disaggregation by cause, and forecasts to 2020. Methods In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we analysed published and unpublished population-based data for the causes of vision impairment and blindness from 1980 to 2014. We identified population-based studies published before July 8, 2014, by searching online databases with no language restrictions (MEDLINE from Jan 1, 1946, and Embase from Jan 1, 1974, and the WHO Library Database). We fitted a series of regression models to estimate the proportion of moderate or severe vision impairment (defined as presenting visual acuity of <6/18 but ≥3/60 in the better eye) and blindness (presenting visual acuity of <3/60 in the better eye) by cause, age, region, and year. Findings We identified 288 studies of 3 983 541 participants contributing data from 98 countries. Among the global population with moderate or severe vision impairment in 2015 (216·6 million [80% uncertainty interval 98·5 million to 359·1 million]), the leading causes were uncorrected refractive error (116·3 million [49·4 million to 202·1 million]), cataract (52·6 million [18·2 million to 109·6 million]), age-related macular degeneration (8·4 million [0·9 million to 29·5 million]), glaucoma (4·0 million [0·6 million to 13·3 million]), and diabetic retinopathy (2·6 million [0·2 million to 9·9 million]). Among the global population who were blind in 2015 (36·0 million [12·9 million to 65·4 million]), the leading causes were cataract (12·6 million [3·4 million to 28·7 million]), uncorrected refractive error (7·4 million [2·4 million to 14·8 million]), a

Published
2017

20. Effective cataract surgical coverage: An indicator for measuring quality-of-care in the context of Universal Health Coverage

Author

Ramke, J, Gilbert, CE, Lee, AC, Ackland, P, Limburg, H, Foster, A, Ramke, J, Gilbert, CE, Lee, AC, Ackland, P, Limburg, H, and Foster, A

Abstract

© 2017 Ramke et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Objective To define and demonstrate effective cataract surgical coverage (eCSC), a candidate UHC indicator that combines a coverage measure (cataract surgical coverage, CSC) with quality (post-operative visual outcome). Methods All Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Blindness (RAAB) surveys with datasets on the online RAAB Repository on April 1 2016 were downloaded. The most recent study from each country was included. By country, cataract surgical outcome (CSOGood , 6/18 or better; CSOPoor , worse than 6/60), CSC (operated cataract as a proportion of operable plus operated cataract) and eCSC (operated cataract and a good outcome as a proportion of operable plus operated cataract) were calculated. The association between CSC and CSO was assessed by linear regression. Gender inequality in CSC and eCSC was calculated. Findings Datasets from 20 countries were included (2005-2013; 67,337 participants; 5,474 cataract surgeries). Median CSC was 53.7% (inter-quartile range[IQR] 46.1-66.6%), CSOGood was 58.9% (IQR 53.7-67.6%) and CSOPoor was 17.7% (IQR 11.3-21.1%). Coverage and quality of cataract surgery were moderately associated-every 1% CSC increase was associated with a 0.46% CSOGood increase and 0.28% CSOPoor decrease. Median eCSC was 36.7% (IQR 30.2-50.6%), approximately one-third lower than the median CSC. Women tended to fare worse than men, and gender inequality was slightly higher for eCSC (4.6% IQR 0.5-7.1%) than for CSC (median 2.3% IQR -1.5-11.6%). Conclusion eCSC allows monitoring of quality in conjunction with coverage of cataract surgery. In the surveys analysed, on average 36.7% of people who could benefit from cataract surgery had undergone surgery and obtained a good visual outcome.

Published
2017

21. Prevalence and causes of blindness, visual impairment, and cataract surgery in Timor-Leste

Author

Correia, M, Das, T, Magno, J, Pereira, BM, Andrade, V, Limburg, H, Trevelyan, J, Keeffe, J, Verma, N, Sapkota, Y, Correia, M, Das, T, Magno, J, Pereira, BM, Andrade, V, Limburg, H, Trevelyan, J, Keeffe, J, Verma, N, and Sapkota, Y

Abstract

PURPOSE: To estimate the prevalence and causes of blindness and visual impairment, cataract surgical coverage (CSC), visual outcome of cataract surgery, and barriers to uptake cataract surgery in Timor-Leste. METHOD: In a nationwide rapid assessment of avoidable blindness (RAAB), the latest population (1,066,409) and household data were used to create a sampling frame which consists of 2,227 population units (study clusters) from all 13 districts, with populations of 450-900 per unit. The sample size of 3,350 was calculated with the assumed prevalence of blindness at 4.5% among people aged ≥50 years with a 20% tolerable error, 95% CI, and a 90% response rate. The team was trained in the survey methodology, and inter-observer variation was measured. Door-to-door visits, led by an ophthalmologist, were made in preselected study clusters, and data were collected in line with the RAAB5 survey protocol. An Android smart phone installed with mRAAB software was used for data collection. RESULT: The age-gender standardized prevalence of blindness, severe visual impairment, and visual impairment were 2.8%, (1.8-3.8), 1.7% (1.7-2.3), and 8.1% (6.6-9.6), respectively. Cataract was the leading cause of blindness (79.4%). Blindness was more prevalent in the older age group and in women. CSC was 41.5% in cataract blind eyes and 48.6% in cataract blind people. Good visual outcome in the cataract-operated eyes was 62% (presenting) and 75.2% (best corrected). Two important barriers to not using available cataract surgical services were accessibility (45.5%) and lack of attendants to accompany (24.8%). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of blindness and visual impairment in Timor-Leste remains high. CSC is unacceptably low; gender inequity in blindness and CSC exists. Lack of access is the prominent barrier to cataract surgery.

Published
2017

23. Allgemeines

Author

Brachetti, A. K. J., Emmrich, J., Limburg, H., Albrecht, M., Trams, G., Lehmann, F., Schulz, K. -D., Schmidt-Rhode, P., Weymar, P., Geiger, W., Künzig, H. J., Schleich, A., Wiest, W., Grumbrecht, C., Stosiek, U., Nord, D., Bastert, G., Michel, R. T., Fortmeyer, H. P., Schmidt-Matthiesen, H., Teufel, G., Ritter, R., Pfleiderer, A., Bastert, G., Schmidt-Matthiesen, G., Theobald, P., Pfau, P., Rahlf, G., Keller, E., Schmelzle, R., Maier, W., Schindler, A. E., Schrage, R., Schmid, H., Ulbrich, R., Rath, W., Limburg, H., Brachetti, A. K. J., Riede, U. N., Weymar, P., Schulz, K. D., Noldus, B., Schmidt-Rhode, P., Kaltenbach, F. J., Fettig, O., Kapp-Schwoerer, H., Ladner, H. -A., Hillemanns, H. -G., v. Fournier, D., Kubli, F., Bauer, M., Schneider-Affeld, F., Kaufmann, M., Sander, H., Wigand, K., Schulze, S., Keçecicoğlu, Y., Abts, H., Semm, K., Drähne, A., Kaufmann, I., and Kunz, S.

Published
1979
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24. A comparative assessment of avoidable blindness and visual impairment in seven Latin American countries: prevalence, coverage, and inequality

Author

Juan Carlos Silva, Mújica, O. J., Vega, E., Barcelo, A., Lansingh, V. C., Mcleod, J., and Limburg, H.

Subjects
Male, lcsh:Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, genetic structures, desigualdades en la salud, Panamá, lcsh:RC955-962, Argentina, Vision Disorders, lcsh:Medicine, Cataract Extraction, Blindness, ceguera, Cataract, Perú, América Latina, El Salvador, Prevalence, Humans, Healthcare Disparities, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Diabetic Retinopathy, lcsh:Public aspects of medicine, Health Policy, prevalencia, lcsh:R, lcsh:RA1-1270, Middle Aged, personas con daño visual, Health Surveys, eye diseases, Benchmarking, Latin America, Honduras, Paraguay, Uruguay, Female, Delivery of Health Care, Salud ocular
Abstract

Objective. To conduct a comparative analysis of social inequalities in eye health and eye health care and generate baseline evidence for seven Latin American countries as a benchmarking exercise for monitoring progress toward three goals of the regional Plan of Action for the Prevention of Blindness and Visual Impairment: increasing eye health service coverage, minimizing barriers, and reducing eye health-related disease burden. Methods. Results from cross-sectional eye health surveys conducted in six Latin American countries (Argentina, El Salvador, Honduras, Panama, Peru, and Uruguay) from 2011 to 2013 and recently published national surveys in Paraguay were analyzed. The magnitude of absolute and relative inequalities between countries in five dimensions of eye health across the population gradient defined by three equity stratifiers (educational attainment, literacy, and wealth) were explored using standard exploratory data analysis techniques. Results. Overall prevalence of blindness in people 50 years old and older varied from 0.7% (95% CI: 0.4-1.0) in Argentina to 3.0% (95% CI: 2.3-3.6) in Panama. Overall prevalence of visual impairment (severe plus moderate) varied from 8.0% (95% CI: 6.5-11.0) in Uruguay to 14.3% (95% CI: 13.9-14.7) in El Salvador. The main reported cause of blindness was unoperated cataract and most cases of visual impairment were caused by uncorrected refractive error. Three countries had cataract surgical coverage of more than 90% for blind persons, and two-thirds of cataract-operated patients had good visual acuity. Conclusions. Blindness and moderate visual impairment prevalence were concentrated among the most socially disadvantaged, and cataract surgical coverage and cataract surgery optimal outcome were concentrated among the wealthiest. There is a need for policy action to increase services coverage and quality to achieve universality.

Published
2015

25. Monitoring visual outcome of cataract surgery in India

Author

Limburg, H., Foster, A., Vaidyanathan, K., and Murthy, G.V.S.

Subjects
Cataract, Vision -- Testing, India -- Health aspects
Abstract

Two simple methods of assessing visual outcome following cataract surgery were evaluated in India. The first used data obtained from standardized patient records of cataract surgery. The second used data from population-based rapid epidemiological assessments. Analysis of 4168 hospital and eye camp records showed that, with the available standard correction, a good outcome (visual acuity [is greater than or equal to] 6/18) was achieved in 37.8%, a borderline outcome (visual acuity 6/24-6/60) in 45.6% and a poor outcome (visual acuity 6/60)in 16.6% of instances. Of 2401 aphakic/pseudophakic eyes examined in a cross-sectional population-based study, outcome was good in 43.5% and poor in 26.4%. For 776 eyes examined in a similar study in a different state, outcome was good in 49.9% and poor in 23.9%. These assessments indicate that outcome with available correction was poor in 15-25% of eyes following cataract surgery. Visual outcome is likely to improve when better correction for aphakia can be provided. Further assessment of the causes of poor visual outcome is needed. The visual outcome following cataract surgery could be monitored on a regular basis by ophthalmologists, using either of the methods evaluated, an exercise which in itself is likely to improve the outcome of surgery. When the proportion of poor outcomes is high ([is greater than] 10%) further investigation into the causes is warranted., Voir page 458 le resume en francais. En la pagina 459 figura un resume en espanol. Introduction Cataract is the major cause of blindness and of severe visual impairment in [...]

Published
1999

26. Changing trends in barriers to cataract surgery in India

Author

Vaidyanathan, K., Limburg, H., Foster, A., and Pandey, R.M.

Subjects
Cataract, India -- Health aspects
Abstract

Cataract is a major cause of blindness in Asia. Efforts in India to provide cataract surgical services have had limited success in reaching the cataract-blind population. Earlier studies identified the major barriers to cataract surgery as poverty, lack of transportation or felt need, or sex related; and the critical barriers in rural areas as lack of awareness, difficult access, and cost. Compared with these earlier data, the results of the present study in Karnataka State indicate a shift in the character of the barriers. They now appear to be more related to case selection and service provision. These shifts are analysed and alternative strategies to increase the uptake of cataract surgery are recommended., Voir page 108 le resume en francais. En la pagina 109 figura un resumen en espanol. Introduction Cataract is the major cause of blindness in Asia (1). In India it [...]

Published
1999

33. Global Burden of Visual Impairment and Blindness

Author

Bourne, R, Price, H, Stevens, G, Tielsch, J, Wong, T, Brown, D, Chakravarthy, U, Ellwein, L, Jonas, J, Keeffe, J, Kuper, H, Leasher, J, Maguire, M, Musch, D, Naidoo, K, Parodi, M, Sieving, P, Taylor, H, Frick, K, Pesudovs, K, Friedman, D, Dandona, R, Dandona, L, Volmink, J, Robin, A, Javitt, J, Resnikoff, S, Gichuhi, S, Kymes, S, Limburg, H, Virgili, G, Pena, Fy, Sandar, M, Lanzetta, Paolo, Kim, J, Lambrou, G, Stambolian, D, Wiedemann, P, Arditi, A, Barkana, Y, Bozkurt, B, Budenz, D, Cai, F, Choi, J, Dekaris, I, Deva, J, Dreer, L, Frazier, M, Gazzard, A, Hammond, B, Hartnett, Me, Hirai, F, Huang, J, Joslin, C, Lim, J, Morse, A, Raju, M, Rossetti, L, Serle, J, Shen, T, Shetty, R, Tejedor, J, Tsilimbaris, M, van Meurs, J, Palaiou, M, Ingram, A, Gao, H, Khairallah, M, Hejtmancik, J, Dana, R, Gonzalez, V, Bennett, M, Hiratsuka, Y, Kuhn, F, Van, L, Sitorus, Rs, Wormald, R, and Del Monte, D.

Published
2012

37. [Avoidable visual impairment in The Netherlands: the project 'Vision 2020 Netherlands' of the World Health Organization]

Author

Limburg, H., Boon, J.M. den, Hogeweg, M., Gevers, R.J., Keunen, J.E.E., and Hove, G.T. ten

Subjects
Genomic disorders and inherited multi-system disorders [IGMD 3], genetic structures, Evaluation of complex medical interventions [NCEBP 2], Neurosensory disorders [UMCN 3.3], eye diseases
Abstract

Item does not contain fulltext In the year 2004 there were an estimated 220,000-320,000 people in The Netherlands with visual impairment. In 150,000-220,000 (70%) of them the visual impairment is either curable or could have been prevented. Those most at risk are people with intellectual disabilities, elderly people in care institutions, elderly people in general and diabetics. 'Vision 2020 Netherlands', an initiative of the World Health Organization, was launched to eliminate avoidable visual impairment in the Netherlands by the year 2020 by means of awareness campaigns, implementation of screening programmes and by expanding eye care capacity through efficient cooperation between the professional groups involved in eye care.

Published
2005

39. Blindness and low vision in The Netherlands from 2000 to 2020-modeling as a tool for focused intervention.

Author

Limburg, H., Keunen, J.E.E., Limburg, H., and Keunen, J.E.E.

Abstract

Item does not contain fulltext, PURPOSE: To estimate the magnitude and causes of blindness and low vision in The Netherlands from 2000 to 2020. METHODS: Recent population-based blindness surveys in established market economies were reviewed. Age and gender specific prevalence and causes of blindness and low vision were extracted and calculated for six population subgroups in The Netherlands. A mathematical model was developed to relate the epidemiologic data with demographic data for each subgroup for each year between 2000 and 2020. RESULTS: In 2008 an estimated 311,000 people are visually impaired in The Netherlands: 77,000 are blind and 234,000 have low vision. With the current intervention the number may increase by 18% to 367,000 in 2020. Visual impairment is most prevalent among residents of nursing homes and care institutions for the elderly, intellectually disabled persons and people aged 50+ living independently. Of all people with visual impairment 31% is male (97,000) and 69% female (214,000). More than half of all visual impairment (56%; 174,000 persons) is avoidable. A variation of around 20% might be applied to the numbers in these estimates. CONCLUSIONS: The aim of VISION 2020: The Right to Sight to reduce avoidable visual impairment is also relevant for developed countries like The Netherlands. Vision screening and awareness campaigns focusing on the identified risk groups can reduce avoidable blindness considerably. Regular updates of the model will ensure that the prognoses remain valid and relevant. With appropriate demographic data, the model can also be used in other established market economies.

Published
2009

40. Cost-effectiveness of screening and correcting refractive errors in school children in Africa, Asia, America and Europe.

Author

Baltussen, R.M.P.M., Naus, J., Limburg, H., Baltussen, R.M.P.M., Naus, J., and Limburg, H.

Abstract

Contains fulltext : 79625.pdf (publisher's version ) (Closed access), OBJECTIVE: To estimate the costs and effects of alternative strategies for annual screening of school children for refractive errors, and the provision of spectacles, in different WHO sub-regions in Africa, Asia, America and Europe. METHODS: We developed a mathematical simulation model for uncorrected refractive error, using prevailing prevalence and incidence rates. Remission rates reflected the absence or presence of screening strategies for school children. All screening strategies were implemented for a period of 10 years and were compared to a situation were no screening was implemented. Outcome measures were life years adjusted for disability (DALYs), costs of screening and provision of spectacles and follow-up for six different screening strategies, and cost-effectiveness in international dollars per DALY averted. Epidemiological information was derived from the burden of disease study from the World Health Organization (WHO). Cost data were derived from large databases from the WHO. Both univariate and multivariate sensitivity analyses were performed on key parameters to determine the robustness of the model results. RESULTS: In all regions, screening of 5-15 years old children yields most health effects, followed by screening of 11-15 years old, 5-10 years old, and screening of 8 and 13 years old. Screening of broad-age intervals is always more costly than screening of single-age intervals, and there are important economies of scale for simultaneous screening of both 5-10 and 11-15-year-old children. In all regions, screening of 11-15 years old is the most cost-effective intervention, with the cost per DALY averted ranging from I$67 per DALY averted in the Asian sub-region to I$458 per DALY averted in the European sub-region. The incremental cost per DALY averted of screening 5-15 years old ranges between I$111 in the Asian sub-region to I$672 in the European sub-region. CONCLUSIONS: Considering the conservative study assumptions and the robustness of study

Published
2009

41. Reply

Author

LIMBURG, H.

Subjects
Correspondence
Published
1997

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