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Causes of blindness and vision impairment in 2020 and trends over 30 years, and prevalence of avoidable blindness in relation to VISION 2020: the Right to Sight: an analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study
Authors :
Bourne R. R. A. Steinmetz J. D. Saylan M. Mersha A. M. Weldemariam A. H. Wondmeneh T. G. Sreeramareddy C. T. Pinheiro M. Yaseri M. Yu C. Zastrozhin M. S. Zastrozhina A. Zhang Z. -J. Zimsen S. R. M. Yonemoto N. Tsegaye G. W. Vu G. T. Vongpradith A. Renzaho A. M. N. Sorrie M. B. Shaheen A. A. Shiferaw W. S. Skryabin V. Y. Skryabina A. A. Saya G. K. Rahimi-Movaghar V. Shigematsu M. Sahraian M. A. Naderifar H. Sabour S. Rathi P. Sathian B. Miller T. R. Rezapour A. Rawal L. Pham H. Q. Parekh U. Podder V. Onwujekwe O. E. Pasovic M. Otstavnov N. Negash H. Pawar S. Naimzada M. D. Al Montasir A. Ogbo F. A. Owolabi M. O. Pakshir K. Mohammad Y. Moni M. A. Nunez-Samudio V. Mulaw G. F. Naveed M. Maleki S. Michalek I. M. Misra S. Swamy S. N. Mohammed J. A. Flaxman S. Park E. -C. Briant P. S. Meles G. G. Hayat K. Landires I. Kim G. R. Liu X. LeGrand K. E. Taylor H. R. Kunjathur S. M. Khoja T. A. M. Bicer B. K. Khalilov R. Hashi A. Kayode G. A. Carneiro V. L. A. Kavetskyy T. Kosen S. Kulkarni V. Holla R. Kalhor R. Jayaram S. Islam S. M. S. Gilani S. A. Eskandarieh S. Molla M. D. Itumalla R. Farzadfar F. Congdon N. G. Elhabashy H. R. Elayedath R. Couto R. A. S. Dervenis N. Cromwell E. A. Dahlawi S. M. A. Resnikoff S. Casson R. J. Abdoli A. Choi J. -Y. J. Dos Santos F. L. C. Abrha W. A. Nagaraja S. B. Abualhasan A. Adal T. G. Aregawi B. B. Beheshti M. Abu-Gharbieh E. Afshin A. Ahmadieh H. Alemzadeh S. A. Arrigo A. Atnafu D. D. Ashbaugh C. Ashrafi E. Alemayehu W. Alfaar A. S. Alipour V. Anbesu E. W. Androudi S. Arabloo J. Arditi A. Bagli E. Baig A. A. Barnighausen T. W. Battaglia Parodi M. Bhagavathula A. S. Bhardwaj N. Bhardwaj P. Bhattacharyya K. Bijani A. Bikbov M. Bottone M. Braithwaite T. Bron A. M. Butt Z. A. Cheng C. -Y. Chu D. -T. Cicinelli M. V. Coelho J. M. Dai X. Dana R. Dandona L. Dandona R. Del Monte M. A. Deva J. P. Diaz D. Djalalinia S. Dreer L. E. Ehrlich J. R. Ellwein L. B. Emamian M. H. Fernandes A. G. Fischer F. Friedman D. S. Furtado J. M. Gaidhane S. Gazzard G. Gebremichael B. George R. Ghashghaee A. Golechha M. Hamidi S. Hammond B. R. Hartnett M. E. R. Hartono R. K. Hay S. I. Heidari G. Ho H. C. Househ M. Ibitoye S. E. Ilic I. M. Huang J. J. Ilic M. D. Ingram A. D. Irvani S. S. N. Jha R. P. Kahloun R. Kandel H. Kasa A. S. Kempen J. H. Khairallah M. Khan E. A. Khanna R. C. Khatib M. N. Kim J. E. Kim Y. J. Kisa A. Kisa S. Koyanagi A. Kurmi O. P. Lansingh V. C. Leasher J. L. Leveziel N. Limburg H. Manafi N. Mansouri K. McAlinden C. Mohammadi S. F. Mokdad A. H. Morse A. R. Naderi M. Naidoo K. S. Nangia V. Nguyen H. L. T. Ogundimu K. Olagunju A. T. Panda-Jonas S. Pesudovs K. Peto T. Ur Rahman M. H. Ramulu P. Y. Rawaf D. L. Rawaf S. Reinig N. Robin A. L. Rossetti L. Safi S. Sahebkar A. Samy A. M. Serle J. B. Shaikh M. A. Shen T. T. Shibuya K. Shin J. I. Silva J. C. Silvester A. Singh J. A. Singhal D. Sitorus R. S. Skiadaresi E. Soheili A. Sousa R. A. R. C. Stambolian D. Tadesse E. G. Tahhan N. Tareque Md. I. Topouzis F. Tran B. X. Tsilimbaris M. K. Varma R. Virgili G. Wang N. Wang Y. X. West S. K. Wong T. Y. Jonas J. B. Vos T. Bourne, R. R. A. Steinmetz, J. D. Saylan, M. Mersha, A. M. Weldemariam, A. H. Wondmeneh, T. G. Sreeramareddy, C. T. Pinheiro, M. Yaseri, M. Yu, C. Zastrozhin, M. S. Zastrozhina, A. Zhang, Z. -J. Zimsen, S. R. M. Yonemoto, N. Tsegaye, G. W. Vu, G. T. Vongpradith, A. Renzaho, A. M. N. Sorrie, M. B. Shaheen, A. A. Shiferaw, W. S. Skryabin, V. Y. Skryabina, A. A. Saya, G. K. Rahimi-Movaghar, V. Shigematsu, M. Sahraian, M. A. Naderifar, H. Sabour, S. Rathi, P. Sathian, B. Miller, T. R. Rezapour, A. Rawal, L. Pham, H. Q. Parekh, U. Podder, V. Onwujekwe, O. E. Pasovic, M. Otstavnov, N. Negash, H. Pawar, S. Naimzada, M. D. Al Montasir, A. Ogbo, F. A. Owolabi, M. O. Pakshir, K. Mohammad, Y. Moni, M. A. Nunez-Samudio, V. Mulaw, G. F. Naveed, M. Maleki, S. Michalek, I. M. Misra, S. Swamy, S. N. Mohammed, J. A. Flaxman, S. Park, E. -C. Briant, P. S. Meles, G. G. Hayat, K. Landires, I. Kim, G. R. Liu, X. Legrand, K. E. Taylor, H. R. Kunjathur, S. M. Khoja, T. A. M. Bicer, B. K. Khalilov, R. Hashi, A. Kayode, G. A. Carneiro, V. L. A. Kavetskyy, T. Kosen, S. Kulkarni, V. Holla, R. Kalhor, R. Jayaram, S. Islam, S. M. S. Gilani, S. A. Eskandarieh, S. Molla, M. D. Itumalla, R. Farzadfar, F. Congdon, N. G. Elhabashy, H. R. Elayedath, R. Couto, R. A. S. Dervenis, N. Cromwell, E. A. Dahlawi, S. M. A. Resnikoff, S. Casson, R. J. Abdoli, A. Choi, J. -Y. J. Dos Santos, F. L. C. Abrha, W. A. Nagaraja, S. B. Abualhasan, A. Adal, T. G. Aregawi, B. B. Beheshti, M. Abu-Gharbieh, E. Afshin, A. Ahmadieh, H. Alemzadeh, S. A. Arrigo, A. Atnafu, D. D. Ashbaugh, C. Ashrafi, E. Alemayehu, W. Alfaar, A. S. Alipour, V. Anbesu, E. W. Androudi, S. Arabloo, J. Arditi, A. Bagli, E. Baig, A. A. Barnighausen, T. W. Battaglia Parodi, M. Bhagavathula, A. S. Bhardwaj, N. Bhardwaj, P. Bhattacharyya, K. Bijani, A. Bikbov, M. Bottone, M. Braithwaite, T. Bron, A. M. Butt, Z. A. Cheng, C. -Y. Chu, D. -T. Cicinelli, M. V. Coelho, J. M. Dai, X. Dana, R. Dandona, L. Dandona, R. Del Monte, M. A. Deva, J. P. Diaz, D. Djalalinia, S. Dreer, L. E. Ehrlich, J. R. Ellwein, L. B. Emamian, M. H. Fernandes, A. G. Fischer, F. Friedman, D. S. Furtado, J. M. Gaidhane, S. Gazzard, G. Gebremichael, B. George, R. Ghashghaee, A. Golechha, M. Hamidi, S. Hammond, B. R. Hartnett, M. E. R. Hartono, R. K. Hay, S. I. Heidari, G. Ho, H. C. Househ, M. Ibitoye, S. E. Ilic, I. M. Huang, J. J. Ilic, M. D. Ingram, A. D. Irvani, S. S. N. Jha, R. P. Kahloun, R. Kandel, H. Kasa, A. S. Kempen, J. H. Khairallah, M. Khan, E. A. Khanna, R. C. Khatib, M. N. Kim, J. E. Kim, Y. J. Kisa, A. Kisa, S. Koyanagi, A. Kurmi, O. P. Lansingh, V. C. Leasher, J. L. Leveziel, N. Limburg, H. Manafi, N. Mansouri, K. Mcalinden, C. Mohammadi, S. F. Mokdad, A. H. Morse, A. R. Naderi, M. Naidoo, K. S. Nangia, V. Nguyen, H. L. T. Ogundimu, K. Olagunju, A. T. Panda-Jonas, S. Pesudovs, K. Peto, T. Ur Rahman, M. H. Ramulu, P. Y. Rawaf, D. L. Rawaf, S. Reinig, N. Robin, A. L. Rossetti, L. Safi, S. Sahebkar, A. Samy, A. M. Serle, J. B. Shaikh, M. A. Shen, T. T. Shibuya, K. Shin, J. I. Silva, J. C. Silvester, A. Singh, J. A. Singhal, D. Sitorus, R. S. Skiadaresi, E. Soheili, A. Sousa, R. A. R. C. Stambolian, D. Tadesse, E. G. Tahhan, N. Tareque, Md. I. Topouzis, F. Tran, B. X. Tsilimbaris, M. K. Varma, R. Virgili, G. Wang, N. Wang, Y. X. West, S. K. Wong, T. Y. Jonas, J. B. Vos, T. University of Washington [Seattle] Anglia Ruskin University (ARU) Imperial College London University of Melbourne Heidelberg University Jahrom University of Medical Sciences Aksum University Cairo University University of Sharjah Wolkite University Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences [Tehran] (SBUMS) Shahid Beheshti University The Fred Hollows Foundation Iran University of Medical Sciences University of Leipzig Medical Center University of Thessaly [Volos] (UTH) Visibility Metrics LLC Adigrat University San Raffaele Hospital Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS) Bahir Dar University (BDU) University Hospital of Ioannina Sultan Zainal Abidin University Universita Vita Salute San Raffaele = Vita-Salute San Raffaele University [Milan, Italie] (UniSR) Charles University [Prague] (CU) Government Medical College Pali All India Institute of Medical Sciences National Institute of Biomedical Genomics Babol University of Medical Sciences Ufa Eye Research Institute ondon School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine Service d'Ophtalmologie (CHU de Dijon) Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand (CHU Dijon) Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation [Dijon] (CSGA) Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC) Employee State Insurance Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences and Research University of Waterloo [Waterloo] Federal Polytechnic School of Lausanne University of Minho University of Adelaide Singapore Eye Research Institute [Singapore] (SERI) Seoul National University Hospital Hanoi National University of Education (HNUE) IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute [Milan, Italie] University of Porto Queen's University [Belfast] (QUB) University of Dammam - Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University Harvard University University of Michigan [Ann Arbor] University of Michigan System University of Gondar Royal Liverpool University Hospital Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR) National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) Ministry of Health and Medical Education [Iran] (MOHME) Mahatma Gandhi University of Medical Sciences and Technology Cairo University - Faculty of Medicine National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH) Shahroud University of Medical Sciences Federal University of Sao Paulo (Unifesp) University of Applied Sciences Ravensburg-Weingarten University of São Paulo (USP) Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences University College of London [London] (UCL) Haramaya University Sankara Nethralaya Medical Research Foundation The University of Lahore Indian Institute of Public Health Gandhinagar Hamdan Bin Mohammed Smart University University of Georgia University of Utah Institution of Public Health Sciences Jigjiga Universit University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Independent Consultant The Chinese University of Hong Kong [Hong Kong] Manipal academy of Higher Education Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU) Yale University [New Haven] University of Ibadan University of Belgrade [Belgrade] Faculty of Science of the University of Kragujevac University of Kragujevac Deakin University, Burwood, Australia Deakin University [Burwood] University of Hail Mysore Medical College Banaras Hindu University [Varanasi] (BHU) Ophtalmologistes Associe Monastir Qazvin University of Medical Sciences The University of Sydney John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin (KUL) Institute of Human Virology [Nigeria] (IHVN) Myungsung Medical College Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Fattouma Bourguiba Partenaires INRAE Baku State University Health Services Academy L V Prasad Eye Institute Health Ministers Council Gulf Cooperative Council Stat Medical College of Wisconsin [Milwaukee] (MCW) Xiamen University Malaysia Yonsei University Oslo Metropolitan University (OsloMet) School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia Brien Holden Vision Institute, Fondation Théa, The Fred Hollows Foundation, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Lions Clubs International Foundation, Sightsavers International, and University of Heidelberg. GBD 2019 Blindness and Vision Impairment Collaborators* on behalf of the Vision Loss Expert Group of the Global Burden of Disease Study.
Source :
The Lancet. Global Health, The Lancet global health, The Lancet global health, Elsevier, 2021, 9 (2), pp.e144-e160. ⟨10.1016/s2214-109x(20)30489-7⟩
Publication Year :
2021
Publisher :
Elsevier BV, 2021.
Abstract
Background: Many causes of vision impairment can be prevented or treated. With an ageing global population, the demands for eye health services are increasing. We estimated the prevalence and relative contribution of avoidable causes of blindness and vision impairment globally from 1990 to 2020. We aimed to compare the results with the World Health Assembly Global Action Plan (WHA GAP) target of a 25% global reduction from 2010 to 2019 in avoidable vision impairment, defined as cataract and undercorrected refractive error. Methods: We did a systematic review and meta-analysis of population-based surveys of eye disease from January, 1980, to October, 2018. We fitted hierarchical models to estimate prevalence (with 95% uncertainty intervals [UIs]) of moderate and severe vision impairment (MSVI; presenting visual acuity from