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CYP‐14 members of the Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) Cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme family, plays important roles in mitochondrial dysfunction, detoxification, lipid metabolism, defense and lifespan regulation. The review identifies CYP‐14 members: cyp‐14A1, cyp‐14A2, cyp‐14A3, cyp‐14A4, cyp‐14A5 and their homology with human CYP families. Despite limited studies on C. eleganscyp‐14 members, the findings unraveled their complex crosstalk between mitochondrial stress, detoxification mechanisms, and lifespan regulation, emphasizing the complexity of these interconnected pathways as well as how their regulation depends on environmental cues changes including pH, nutrients, ROS and chemical stressors. The review underscores the translational relevance to human health, shedding light on potential human homologues and their implications in age‐related, metabolic and respiratory diseases. Among other genes, cyp‐14A2 and cyp‐14A4 predominate the mitochondrial function, heat resistance, lipid metabolism, detoxification and lifespan pathways. In conclusion, these insights pave the way for future research, offering promising avenues for therapeutic interventions targeting CYP‐14 activity to address age‐related diseases and promote healthy aging. The C. elegans Cytochrome P450 family members CYP‐14A1‐5 regulate mitochondrial function, detoxification, lipid metabolism, defense, and lifespan. Limited studies reveal complex crosstalk between these pathways, emphasizing interconnected regulation dependent on pH, nutrients, ROS, and chemical stressors. Translational studies of CYP‐14A2/4 shed light on homologous human CYPs and implications in age‐related, metabolic, and respiratory diseases. Further CYP‐14 research offers therapeutic promise for healthy aging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Khat, a natural amphetamine-like psychostimulant plant, are widely consumed globally. Concurrent intake of khat and xenobiotics may lead to herb-drug interactions and adverse drug reactions (ADRs). This study is a continuation of our previous study, targeted to evaluate the in vitro inhibitory effects of khat ethanol extract (KEE) on human cytochrome (CYP) 1A2, CYP2A6, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C19, CYP2E1, CYP2J2, and CYP3A5, major human drug metabolizing enzymes. In vitro fluorescence enzyme assays were employed to assess CYPs inhibition with the presence and absence of various KEE concentrations. KEE reversibly inhibited CYP2A6, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C19, CYP2E1, CYP2J2 and CYP3A5 but not CYP1A2 with IC50 values of 25.5, 99, 4.5, 21, 27, 17, and 10 μg/mL respectively. No irreversible inhibition of KEE on all the eight CYPs were identified. The Ki values of CYP2A6, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C19, CYP2E1, CYP2J2 and CYP3A5 were 20.9, 85, 4.8, 18.3, 59.3, 3, and 21.7 μg/mL, respectively. KEE inhibited CYP2B6 via competitive or mixed inhibition; CYP2E1 via un-competitive or mixed inhibition; while CYP2A6, CYP2C8, CYP2C19, CYP2J2 and CYP3A5 via non-competitive or mixed inhibition. Caution should be taken by khat users who are on medications metabolized by CYP2A6, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C19, CYP2E1, CYP2J2, and CYP3A5. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dengue has become a global affliction despite continuous efforts to find cure for this age-old disease. Hopeful results for dengue vaccine are far-fetched as the effectiveness are tied to previous dengue virus (DENV) exposure and billions of dollars needed to be invested for vaccine development. Medicinal plants are ideal alternatives to combat DENV infection as it has long been utilized in traditional medicine besides showing virucidal properties. However, the mechanism of action by which the plant compounds inhibits the viral replication machinery remains to be discovered. This review provides existing knowledge on how DENV replicates within the host cells, recruiting more than 70 medicinal plants and some essential oils with anti-DENV properties, highlighting possible viral targets for DENV inhibition. The possible mechanism on how phytochemicals modulates host immune system in DENV infection by inhibiting cytokine storm and vascular leakage, were also discussed. Based on the in silico findings, NS2B/NS3 protease is the most distinctive DENV inhibitor target. Most anti-DENV plants research stood at their initial stages and efforts should be channeled into further in vitro characterization, in vivo studies by employing larger subsets of human subjects, and in silico studies to facilitate the understanding of inhibition mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The CYP33 family in Caenorhabditis elegans is integral to processes like xenobiotic detoxification, eicosanoid regulation, nanotoxicity response and spermatogenesis. Limited research on C. elegans CYP33 suggests its functions are similar to human CYP33, indicating conserved roles in metabolism and disease. This review examines C. elegans CYP33 enzymes, especially CYP-33E1 and CYP-33E2, and their human homologues, focusing on their roles in eicosanoid biosynthesis, xenobiotic metabolism, nanotoxicity and spermatogenesis. Understanding these enzymes enhances insights into cytochrome P450 biology, metabolism and cyp-associated diseases., (© 2024 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)