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The aim of this article is to describe a mindfulness- and acceptance-based intervention as it can be applied to athletes recovering from an acute injury. The intervention consists of two parts: (a) a web-based program where athletes are asked to engage in regular formal mindfulness practices, and (b) four sessions with a practitioner. The content of the intervention is described thoroughly, and I provide recommendations for practitioners who want to intervene with this group of athletes. A central point is to adapt the content of the intervention specifically to the rehabilitation context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perceptions of materialism and happiness are not well understood globally as the constructs are multifaceted and operationalized differently in studies. This study examined the perceptions of materialism and happiness among samples of adults from six countries to examine how these constructs are understood in independent and collectivist cultures. While much research on materialism and happiness has been conducted in individualistic Western cultures, cross-cultural research has been less common. Measures of materialism, happiness, demographics, and open-ended questions (about what participants valued most in life and what really mattered in their current and future life situation) were administered to participants (N = 865) from Malaysia, India, Japan, Nigeria, Austria, and the United States. In addition to finding a negative relationship between materialism and happiness for the entire sample (r = -.15, p < .001), results highlighted several country and demographic similarities and differences for the major measures. Conclusions and implications address the relationship between materialism and happiness as well as how social, cultural, and historical factors relate to perceptions of happiness and materialism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study wanted to see how resilience and life values might be different in Muslim college students based on their past experiences with trauma, their gender, and whether they live in a city or the countryside. We asked students from Aceh, Indonesia, to take part in our study. This area has seen a lot of trauma from a big tsunami and a civil war. We used two tools, the Brief Resilience Scale and the Life Values Inventory, to measure resilience and life values. Our results showed that students who had experienced trauma were more resilient. But we didn't find any differences in resilience or life values based on gender or where the students lived. We did find that students who were more resilient also had stronger life values. This tells us that we need to think about past trauma and life values when we're trying to understand resilience in Muslim college students. In the future, we need to keep studying these things and come up with ways to help these students be more resilient and have strong life values.

This is an article on the dynamics and specifics of people’s self-evaluation of the respect they receive from others, based on data from the “Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey (RLMS–HSE)” (1994–2020). It shows that in recent years the dynamics of respect self-assessments have become somewhat shaky as opposed to them having been positive for quite a long period of time. In the minds of Russian people respect is rather vaguely linked to evaluation of financial status and possession of power. However there is a marked connection between where people place themselves on the scale of respect on one hand and such closely tied and unilateral components as tolerance and trust on the other. The influence of specific, personified interpersonal trust on the self-evaluations that were subject to analysis is more pronounced than that of general trust, which is still pretty low in Russian society. Association with the type of people who are generally respected by society depends more on one’s professional, civic and national identity than on political affiliation. Scores on the respect scale improve when a person partakes in work activity and has a positive outlook on their own professional qualities and achievements. People’s evaluation of how respected they are is boosted by professional growth and diminished by elevated anxiety on account of possibly becoming unemployed or facing difficulties trying to find a job, and in conditions of economic instability and uncertainty.

The current state of society is characterized by the multidimensionality and non-linearity of social processes, mobility of social structures, dynamism and inconsistency of cultural transformations. Modernity is difficult to describe and understand; as a result, there are many attempts to conceptualize it with the categories of risk, consumption, McDonaldization, etc. An important feature of modernity is global locality which implies the complex interaction of global and local social-cultural systems in every regional and national society. One of the global trends of our time is the change in forms of social tension, which is determined by the processes in the sphere of culture, terminal and instrumental values, and motives for social activity. The article considers the relationship between these processes and changes in the system of life values of the Russian youth. The authors believe that these changes are caused by new forms of social tension, which are the result of the global-local cultural matrix. The classical forms of social tension, determined by the high social value of success and the lack of institutional means to achieve it, were described in the middle of the 20th century by R.K. Merton. Contemporary forms of social tension are supplemented and modified according to the changes in the value-motivation sphere. Tension is ‘psychologized’: under the cultural mosaic of the global-local society, the ‘discourse of self-realization’ prevails and replaces the ‘discourse of success’ of classical modern societies. These changes determine the specific content of the youth’s system of life values, and egocentricity and individualization become its key features. Students as the most globalized and reflective part of the youth are especially influenced by these cultural trends. These processes are considered on the basis of large empirical studies of the youth in the Krasnodar Region. The data of surveys of young people aged 14 to 30 in the Krasnodar Region (N = 7898) are compared with the data of the survey of university graduates (N = 2051) to clarify the life values of the regional youth and the factors affecting them.

The article presents the results of a correlation study into the dominant values and deliberate self-regulation in pedagogues residing in multi-cultural (Stavropol Region, Krasnodar Region) and mono-cultural republics (Republics of North-Caucasus). The authors also present a view on the cross-cultural issues related to the interrelation detected.

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Abstract Background In ageing Western societies, many older persons live with and die from cancer. Despite that present-day healthcare aims to be patient-centered, scientific literature has little knowledge to offer about how cancer and its treatment impact older persons’ various outlooks on life and underlying life values. Therefore, the aims of this paper are to: 1) describe outlooks on life and life values of older people (≥ 70) living with incurable cancer; 2) elicit how healthcare professionals react and respond to these. Methods Semi-structured qualitative interviews with 12 older persons with advanced cancer and two group interviews with healthcare professionals were held and followed by an analysis with a grounded theory approach. Results Several themes and subthemes emerged from the patient interview study: a) handling incurable cancer (the anticipatory outlook on “a reduced life”, hope and, coping with an unpredictable disease) b) being supported by others (“being there”, leaving a legacy, and having reliable healthcare professionals) and; c) making end-of-life choices (anticipatory fears, and place of death). The group interviews explained how healthcare professionals respond to the abovementioned themes in palliative care practice. Some barriers for (open) communication were expressed too by the latter, e.g., lack of continuity of care and advance care planning, and patients’ humble attitudes. Conclusions Older adults living with incurable cancer showed particular outlooks on life and life values regarding advanced cancer and the accompanying last phase of life. This paper could support healthcare professionals and patients in jointly exploring and formulating these outlooks and values in the light of treatment plans.

What makes this research relevant is the changes in the society’s and an individual’s value space, which affect the young the most, as the youth is more dynamic and sensitive to social changes, to changes in the society’s ideology and values. This research is aimed at addressing the problem of transforming the modern teacher education in the context of changes in the young students’ life values. The basic method behind the research is the Schwartz Value Survey, which in this case involved 120 boys and girls aged 19 to 24. Analysis of the younger generation’s values shows that none of the Schwartz-stated universal values is crucial for young people. What is noteworthy is not the hierarchy of values but the universal values being below average on the scale, although Schwartz (1992) considers them the primary drivers of life. On the one hand, the research results suggest that young people struggle the most to cope with the socio-economic and political changes taking place in the society, as the youth does not yet have a well-established worldview or a stable system of values, which renders many young people to experience apathy and indifference towards themselves and others. On the other hand, traditional methods, measures, and values cannot be used as a proper reference to understand a young person unless their life values, which do not fit the familiar views and belief, are well-represented. One of the major challenges of the modern teacher education is to find ways and approaches to understanding the core values of the youth, to help the youth shape such life values what would fit the modern realities.

The article is devoted to the study of social identity and value orientation characteristics of professional adoptive parents. The results of the empirical study have demonstrated a positive correlation between the number of orphans adopted into a family, the structure of a positive social identity and value orientations of adoptive parents. The study has established that with an increase in the number of children in a family there is a tendency towards social marginality, lowered structuredness and coherence of adoptive parents’ social identity, difficulties in identifying benchmark social groups. It has been shown that in their identification process the adoptive parents with many adopted children are more likely to choose a group based on the criteria related to their profession and to a lesser extent opt for their immediate social network groups. The study has established that the hierarchy of values of adoptive parents with many adopted children significantly differs from the values profile of adoptive parents with one or two adopted children.

One of the long-term priorities of ethno-sociological studies has always been the analysis of the state and development of basic values for different nationalities under the influence of different transformational processes. The political, socioeconomic and spiritual crisis that has spread over the territory of the former Soviet Union, and the high level of impoverishment among local people have led to a situation when the adaptation processes have influenced the system of beliefs and the morale of individuals. The structure of social life milestones has also changed. The Gagauz people, known for sticking to their traditional culture, the traditional way of life and moral principles, are of special interest from the point of view of analyzing the influence of radical outside environmental transformations on the spiritual world of the people. Multiple ethno-sociological studies carried out in Gagauzia in different periods among members of different age groups have shown that there have been serious changes in the system of Gagauz life values since the end of 1990s. The studies have uncovered the following: the dynamics in the system of life values and ideals of people; people’s perceptions of the main moral features: a decrease in significance of certain components of value structure and an increase in others; growth in the pragmatism of mass consciousness, of young people in particular, for whom a rational approach and the profit criterion have become more typical while choosing their moral compass. Nevertheless, such basic traditional life values of Gagauz people and key features of their spiritual make-up as family, respect for the parents and diligence are still of great importance and are handed down from generation to generation.

Two studies were conducted to examine the association of two workaholism components (drive to work and work enjoyment) with life and work values. Study 1 examined whether life values that are lower on the ideal value hierarchy predict the drive to work; and whether life values that are higher on the hierarchy predict work enjoyment. Study 2 tested the hypotheses that extrinsic work values predict the drive to work, whereas intrinsic work values predict work enjoyment. The results of study 1 showed that moral values, which represent higher order life values, were negatively correlated with the drive to work and positively correlated with work enjoyment. Work enjoyment was also negatively associated with vital values, which have a low position on the ideal life values hierarchy. Hypotheses about the relationships between the two workaholism components and life and work values were not fully confirmed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: The struggle with pain often interferes with the ability of chronic low back pain (CLBP) patients to pursue important life values due to psychological inflexibility. OBJECTIVE: This research examined life values, related inhibitors and facilitators relevant to personalized therapy planning. METHODS: Two hundred and forty-four CLBP patients completed the Chronic Pain Values Inventory (CPVI). Of these, 68 patients were interviewed to assess inhibitors and facilitators related to life values. Mixed-effects models quantitatively examined differences in the values, structuring content analysis served to qualitatively analyze the interviews. RESULTS: Participants rated the value "family" as being of highest importance and success. The largest discrepancy between importance and success was found for "health". Content analyses revealed a broad range of inhibitors and facilitators related to the examined life values with the highest number of inhibitors related to "work". Facilitators were also found to be of relevance to all life values, but to a lower extent than inhibitors. CONCLUSIONS: The perceived importance and success of life values and their related inhibitors and facilitators may differentially affect CLBP patients. Considering such individual aspects is therefore of utmost importance to improve patient care, as they enable treatment goals and the therapeutic strategies to be adapted accordingly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Is to clarify the content of the category “quality of life”, identify its indicators, as well as to explain the level of quality of life of population, including Ukrainian pensioners and the state of the pension system as its basic financial basis, and also to determine social and economic, value and normative factors that form the quality of life of the elderly people. Design/methodology/approach: The paper uses theoretical methods: analysis and synthesis, formalization, hypothetical-deductive, systematization and generalization, as well as empirical: observation, description, comparison. Findings: The content of the category "quality of life" is specified; the Ukrainian method of determining indicators of quality of life is presented. The socio-economic condition and quality of life of Ukrainians, in particular pensioners, as well as the state of the pension system as a basic factor that forms the basis of their life opportunities are analyzed. Insufficient efficiency of the pension system in Ukraine, absence of effectiveness of private pension funds are substantiated, which limits the ability of retirees to implement such vital values as proper recreation, medical services, cultural and educational development, travel, assistance and support of children and grandchildren. Ways to improve the pension system in Ukraine, including the second (mandatory funded system) and third levels (voluntary private pension provision) are proposed. Research limitations/implications: Perspective areas of further research are the search for ways to implement the elements of the best standards of pension systems of foreign countries, in particular Poland, in the pension system of Ukraine. Practical implications: The results of the research can be used by state institutions to improve the pension system in Ukraine, and thus bring the lives of Ukrainian pensioners closer to European standards. Social implications: The results of the research are of great social importance, as they identify trends in improving the lives of the most vulnerable people in Ukraine - pensioners, most of whom live below the poverty line. Originality/value: The originality of research paper is to determine the socio-economic and value-normative factors that form the quality of life of modern Ukrainian pensioners; in particular, it has been proved that the pension system in Ukraine is imperfect, does not meet European standards, as a result of which almost 60% of pensioners live below the poverty line, as they cannot provide the minimum material and socio-cultural needs; ways to improve pension provision in Ukraine are outlined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this article is to explore the generational differences between five generations of adult Poles including the Silent Generation, Baby Boomers, X Generation, Millennials and adult representatives of iGen exploring their key values. The study also examines the different approaches taken by the generations towards ethics. Design/methodology/approach: 606 people from all over Poland took part in the survey. The participants included 4 people from the silent generation (0.7%), 85 from the Baby Boomers (14%), 197 from generation X (32.5%), 309 from the Millennials 309 (51%), and 11 from the iGen (1.8%). The Computer Assisted Web Interview (CAWI) method was applied which is used to reach a large number of respondents and obtain data for analyses in a short time. Findings: The study showed that the Silent Generation, Baby Boomers, X Generation, Millennials and even the iGen share the family as a common key value. This finding should be taken into account in any work or research on generational differences and their relation to work values. Research limitations/implications: The survey was conducted using sample and is therefore not representative of Polish society. This can be considered as an exploratory study. Practical implications: The results of the study should encourage researchers involved in work values to take into account the life values of the generations that influence and even constitute the foundation for work values. Social implications: The study demonstrates that values are present in the lives of individuals and societies. The key life values of a particular generation influence their work values, their motivation and their approach to cooperation. Understanding this should influence the actions of companies and HR departments. Originality/value: The article contains new research on the key values of the Silent Generation, Baby Boomers, generation X, Millennials and iGen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Without hope, there is no motivation, no desire to live, suffering becomes stronger, and there are less chances for recovery. Hope plays a major role in treating a patient both mentally and physically. The Objective of the study is to find answers to the most important questions concerning the gist of the notion of «hope»: What is hope? What can we do to help hope live? Procedure. The author believes that hope is more than just a feeling; he regards it as an existential act. Our activity is in the fact that we remain active, we take a firm position that will not shatter when one is unhappy, miserable, suffering fron a disease, or being institutiolisedia, etc. The ontological approach shows that hope means something that has not happened yet cannot be to exclude, i.e. hope is not self-deception and not a defense mechanism, it gives a chance to whatever events to happen. The following issues are revealed: the connection of hope with the attitude to the values of life, hope as a meaningful concept and deals with transcendence, the opposite of hope resignation (rejecting value, giving the things the free rein, losing ties with the events happening) causes desperation and despair. The so-called “false hope” is also highlighted, its positive and negative sides are shown and tips how to treat it correctly are given. Conclusion. Hope means treating something as valuable. Hope is realistic as the forthcoming future can never be predetermined entirely. Hope is paradoxical: it makes you do something where nothing can be done. Therefore, hope has great potential for resilience. False hope is regarded as a defense reaction of the human psyche, but since it performs a certain function in this way, you should not simply take it away from a person. Where there is hope, there is meaning, hopelessness means loss of meaning

The study examines the level of satisfaction with 21 different areas of life among 300 respondents from Wielkopolska voivodship at the age of 30 and over. What distinguishes this analysis from other such studies is the fact that when examining partial satisfaction, it was weighed by, specified subjectively by respondents, the importance of the areas for which this satisfaction was measured. In the course of the analysis, it turned out that the respondents were the most satisfied with their private life, life as parent and independence. The smallest satisfaction of the respondents derives from social activity, but it is above all the effect of the lack of meaning of this sphere of life in the hierarchy of respected life values. In addition, it has been noticed that within individual fields there are certain factors that differentiate probability of being more satisfied for some categories of people in comparison with others. Especially personality traits strongly affect the diversity of life satisfaction. Being a social person, trusting other people, being conscientious, peaceful and open to new experiences increase the probability of being a more satisfied person (especially with social areas) and having traits from the second pole of the personality scale reduces this probability.

Young Professionals as a significant part of Generation Y have already been examined in various studies that focused on their views, attitudes, values etc. This paper examines the differences in the importance of work and life values among peers of the same age with similar background, but from different study groups. To test the propositions, a life value inventory was distributed among 262 students and alumni from two different study programs at the same Faculty between December 2016 and May 2017. The data were analyzed in the SPSS statistical software with the use of the k-means clustering. The hypotheses expecting differences in life and work values were partially confirmed. The findings are discussed within the framework of strategic leadership and the need of engaging stakeholders.

Value orientations of the older generation (over 55 years of age) are well-established, and, as a rule, they are influenced by the worldview that developed in the Soviet time. As for young people, their life ideas relating to various manifestations of social reality are still actively forming. In this regard, the two generations have certain differences in their sets of values. It is interesting and important to study them because young people perceive their current status and opportunities as being completely natural, while for their parents much of what looks normal and routine now was completely inaccessible in the years of their youth. The article considers value orientations of young people from former Soviet countries by highlighting their similarities and differences in comparison to those of the older generation. We are particularly interested in the views on the life and mindset of young people who represent a generation oriented toward modernization changes in society. Using research data, the paper attempts to find a determining vector of spiritual development of young people. The study is based on the analysis of secondary data of sociological surveys conducted in the Russian Federation and in the Republic of Armenia. Youth and the older generation are the objects of comparison in the surveys. The study not only identifies common features in the value consciousness of two generations in Russia and Armenia, but also substantiates the nature and importance of the impact of socio-cultural factors on the vital values of young people. It is established that intergenerational differences in socio-cultural determinants affect the attitude toward personal prospects in life and family, income, education, etc. The results of the study allow us to determine the direction of changes in young people’s value orientations. Trends in the cultural and spiritual development of youth in both countries reflect an intergenerational shift from the focus on economic and physical security to the increasing role of self-expression, subjective well-being and the quality of life, which ambiguously affects social well-being. In particular, the correlation analysis has established the inverse relationship between people’s Internet activity and their confidence in the future. This suggests that the behavior of young people who “immerse” deeply in the Internet space is fraught with manifestations of social apathy. In conclusion, we present our own reflections on the need to intensify intercultural dialogue between former Soviet republics and participate jointly in addressing youth policy issues

Background. About 40 years ago, Alexander Luria published in 1974 his world known book “On the historical development of cognitive processes”. It describes the data of an experimental study of mental functions in illiterate people living in the peripheral parts of Uzbekistan (Central Asia). A.R. Luria together with L.S. Vygotsky worked out the design of this study, performed in 1931-1933. The study proved a significant influence of social life and literacy on the structure of logical reasoning. In the conclusion to this book Luria indicates, that his colleagues often advised him to repeat this study in 40 years, but the author did not considered it reasonable, as radical changes in cultural and educational level of Asia population must equalize the differences in cognitive processes with people from central regions. Is it so? Study design. A group of psychologists from Moscow, Belgorod and Petropavlovsk Kamchatsky performed an integrated study of endogenous populations of the north of Kamchatka peninsula living in regional centers or nomadic herdsmen in tundra. Thirty subjects (17 men and 13 females) all with primary education in Russian schools were assessed using the same tests on classification and generalization, as Luria did, together with Luria neuropsychological battery, and projective drawing on life attitudes. Conclusion. Life values of endogenous peoples are more nature centered than in Russians from central regions. Nomadic and settled subgroups with the same level of education differed in some neuropsychological tests, revealing the influence of social life conditions. It confirms Luria’s idea about cultural determination of cognitive processes but also shows that life conditions are as important cultural factors as literacy.

Background: In ageing Western societies, many older persons live with and die from cancer. Despite that present-day healthcare aims to be patient-centered, scientific literature has little knowledge to offer about how cancer and its treatment impact older persons' various outlooks on life and underlying life values. Therefore, the aims of this paper are to: 1) describe outlooks on life and life values of older people (≥ 70) living with incurable cancer; 2) elicit how healthcare professionals react and respond to these. Methods: Semi-structured qualitative interviews with 12 older persons with advanced cancer and two group interviews with healthcare professionals were held and followed by an analysis with a grounded theory approach. Results: Several themes and subthemes emerged from the patient interview study: a) handling incurable cancer (the anticipatory outlook on "a reduced life", hope and, coping with an unpredictable disease) b) being supported by others ("being there", leaving a legacy, and having reliable healthcare professionals) and; c) making end-of-life choices (anticipatory fears, and place of death). The group interviews explained how healthcare professionals respond to the abovementioned themes in palliative care practice. Some barriers for (open) communication were expressed too by the latter, e.g., lack of continuity of care and advance care planning, and patients' humble attitudes. Conclusions: Older adults living with incurable cancer showed particular outlooks on life and life values regarding advanced cancer and the accompanying last phase of life. This paper could support healthcare professionals and patients in jointly exploring and formulating these outlooks and values in the light of treatment plans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This exploratory correlational study examined whether life values (i.e., goals or principles that guide peoples' lives) differed by urbanicity. The nationally representative sample included adolescents (N = 13,130) from urban, suburban, and rural communities in the USA. Contrary to our hypotheses, there were few differences in life values among urban, suburban, and rural adolescents in economic, educational, occupational, family, and relationship values. Most differences between urban and rural were observed in social values. This study provides insights into the role of urbanicity in adolescents' life values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is limited research on the inter-relationship of materialism, life values, and happiness. This study examined a US sample of undergraduate students (N = 200; 132 women, 68 men) and how their materialistic values related to important life values and overall happiness. We used standardized measures of materialism and happiness, as well as open-ended questions about what participants valued most in life and what really mattered in their current and future life situation. Results indicated deriving happiness from materialistic values was negatively associated with happiness. Participants who mentioned God/religion as a life value reported lower levels of materialistic happiness compared to those who did not mention this category. Finally, those who mentioned family as a life value reported higher levels of happiness than those who did not. We also found interesting gender and age differences. Implications for future research include a call for crosscultural study of these questions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of tolerance training on mental health and adaptation in primary school children. The research method was quasiexperimental with pretest-posttest design with control group. The statistical population consisted of all elementary school children in Gorgan. Out of this population, 170 students using the available sampling method, completed the mental health assessment questionnaire for children and adolescents and the children's adjustment questionnaire. Of these, 30 children who achieved a mean score in the tests were randomly divided into two experimental and control groups. Then tolerance training sessions were conducted in 9 sessions of 90 minutes, one session per week. A multivariate covariance test was used to test the hypotheses. The results showed that there was a significant difference in post-test in the two experimental and control groups, except for the hyperactivity / accuracy disorder (compound type) subscale. There is also a significant difference between the scales of inconsistency and posttest adaptation in the two experimental and control groups. According to the results of tolerance education, it improves the mental health and adaptation of preschool children and its education is recommended in primary preventive services for children's mental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents data of an empirical study of the relationship between aggressive manifestations and self-regulatory personality characteristics of teachers. It is assumed that the features of aggressive manifestations are determined by personal characteristics and the cultural context of the teachers' lives. The level of self-regulation development is also shaped by sociocultural conditions. The study involved 278 teachers aged 20—72 years from the Stavropol and Krasnodar territories and from the republics of North Ossetia-Alania, Karachaevo-Cherkessia, and Kabardino-Balkaria. The system of research methods was based on the integration of nomothetic and ideographic approaches and included observation and psychological testing. The study revealed certain differences in aggressive manifestations among the respondents from different regions of southern Russia. It was found that the level of conscious self-regulation development is not an invariant and has its cross-cultural specifics. Indicators of conscious self-regulation (planning, evaluation of results), racial tolerance and restraint in risk situations are significant predictors of aggression management.

Abstract: This development research aims to produce teaching material products to write fantasy stories filled with life values for middle school students and test the effectiveness of the product. The research method using this 4-D model consists of four stages, namely (1) define, (2) design, (3) development, and (4) disseminate. The results of the feasibility test for the book contents 83%, the feasibility of presenting the book 86%, the feasibility of the book language 86%, and the feasibility of graphic book 85%. The product effectiveness test results are known to be p = 0.000 (p

This study aims to test the applicability of the functional theory of life values and score differences among a group of students from Lebanon and Portugal. Participants include 565 college students--278 Lebanese and 287 Portuguese. A demographic questionnaire and an adapted version of the Basic Values Survey were completed. Confirmatory/multigroup factor analysis, a generalized Procrustes analysis, and at test were used. Results indicate that content and structure hypotheses were equivalent among the two groups. There were significant differences between the Lebanese and Portuguese students in normative and promotion values in favor of the first group, and in interactive, suprapersonal, and excitement values in favor of the second. This study has implications for institutional academic and social practices with international college students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the relationship between life values, the enterprise potential and the entrepreneurial intentions were researched. The survey was conducted in Serbia, and the respondents were students. A total of 380 valid questionnaires were collected. For the data processing, the following statistical methods were used: descriptive statistics, correlation and regression analysis. The main research results are as follows: 1. Correlations between life values items and enterprise potential dimensions and entrepreneurial intentions dimensions, for the most part are not statistically significant, but there is also a significant number of correlations that are positive and statistically significant. The most powerful, significant and positive correlation achieve the following life values dimensions: LV3 - Self actualization, then LV5 - Love and affection. 2. The regression analysis indicates the presence of a statistically significant predictive effect of certain life value dimensions on the dimensions of enterprise potential and entrepreneurial intentions. Predictive effect is not so strong, but it is present at certain life value dimensions: LV3 - Self actualization and LV5 - Love and affection. These are the same dimensions having the strongest correlations, so it can be said that the results of these two analyses are consistent. 3. Dimension EI - Entrepreneurial intention has a statistically significant and positive correlation with the following dimensions of life values: LV5 - Love and affection, LV3 - Self actualization and LV2 - Personal gratification. 4. Individuals may examine their own life values, and on that basis examine their opportunities and potentials for entrepreneurial ventures. They can also implement appropriate adjustments in their value system, if they choose to run their own business.

The purpose of the article is to show immanent interrelation between structure of terminal and tool vital values of adolescents of the Post-Soviet period and predisposition to perpetrate of corruption actions. Methods. The methods involve philosophical analysis, supervision, questioning under the formalized questionnaire, conversation, and longitudinal research. The program of research includes the questions connected with different aspects, factors and motives of valuable orientations of adolescents.Results. Results of longitudinal research (1998–2014) of dynamics of vital values of adolescents are presented. It is established that the structure of adolescent’s axio-sphere has radically changed for the studied period. In 1998, the most important life values were money, material well-being; in contrast to 2014 when the values are good health and love. Thus, there is a reorientation of adolescents from mercantile values to spiritual values. On the other hand, the system of instrumental values changes. In 90-s, the main means of achieving life goals were money, violence and helping of other people; it is in contrast to 2014 when teenagers are guided more by their own strength.Scientific novelty. It is for the first time shown that feature of vital values of modern city teenagers is inability of long expectation of realization of the vital purposes. It is burdened also by the fact that many vital values (education, health, love, friendship) turn into exchange values (costs) in modern capitalist society. Therefore teenagers prefer to use money as means of instant achievement of the purposes. These factors form real predisposition of adolescents to perpetrate corruption actions.Practical significance. The presented investigation can be interesting to parents, tutors of preschool institutions, teachers of schools, experts in the field of psychology, sociologists, lawyers, and law enforcement officers.

This article introduces initial findings from a study on young people‘s (18 years and older) life views and life values in Iceland. The research project is located within a broad theoretical framework and uses interdisciplinary approaches of religious education, multicultural studies and pedagogy. Methodological approaches are both quantitative and qualitative. The first part of the research is a survey which was conducted among altogether 904 students in seven upper secondary schools in the Reykjavík area and other areas of Iceland in 2011 and 2012. In addition to covering measures of background variables and religious affiliations, statements in the survey included themes such as views of life, self-understanding, relation to others, values and value judgments, religions, and diversity and social change. The article focuses especially on findings from the survey related to friendship, attitudes towards diversity, fear and insecurity in a multicultural society. The findings indicate that the participants generally have positive attitudes towards diversity. The majority of participants find it inspiring to have friends of different origins and find it important to respect different cultural and religious traditions. The majority of participants also have strong opinions against racism and bullying. Friends are important and most of the participants are of the opinion that friends are one of the things that provide security. At the same time only a minority is afraid of being unpopular, losing the confidence of their friends or being bullied. But when the fear is about disgracing oneself or about not being able to meet the requirements at school the proportion is higher. Although the economic crisis in Iceland seems to have an effect on the life of the young people answering the survey, most of them are of the opinion that the future holds a lot of opportunities. The results are useful for further discussions on young people´s life views, self-understanding, and social and moral competence, for example in school context and in connection with subjects like Social Studies, Religious Education, Life Skills Education and Intercultural Education.

Цель. Проанализировать особенности студенческой семьи, рассмотреть факторы и тенденции динамики студенческой семьи в современном российском обществе, исследовать главные проблемы студенческих семей, разобрать основные направления совершенствования семейной политики со стороны государства и общественности.Методы и методология. В работе используются методы проблемного анализа, обобщения социологических наблюдений и исследований. Исследование осуществляется в методологической парадигме социокультурного подхода, базирующегося на принципах общественной обусловленности брачно-семейных ценностных установок.Результаты. Были выделены группы проблем, с которыми сталкиваются студенческие семьи. Также мы выяснили, что среди проблем студенческой семьи в современных российских условиях базисное значение имеют проблемы материально-бытового плана, связанные с низким уровнем дохода студентов и недостаточной государственной поддержкой семьи.

The article presents the results of longitude research aimed at the study of axiological sphere of personality of intellectually gifted young professional psychologists. The peculiarities of life values and their dynamics were identified and studied. We reviewed the structure of value system and showed their dynamics. This research used longitudinal and cross-sectional methods and testing. The formation and development of life values is inseparably linked with the level of intelligence. Intellectually gifted psychologists have distinctive differences in the structure of their life values and they aim at fulfilling their potential at a higher degree in all spheres of life. Reliability of the results was provided by statistical data analysis, including the use of nonparametric tests: Mann-Whitney U-test, Student's t-test.

Copyright of Konsumpcja i Rozwój is the property of Institute for Market, Consumption & Business Cycles Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Croatian Review of Rehabilitation Research / Hrvatska Revija za Rehabilitacijska Istraživanja is the property of Croatian Review of Rehabilitation Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Proceeding from the materials of published works on the topics range of the research and supplementing them with her own studies, the author singles out the healthy lifestyle discourse prevailing in the Russian student environment which is made up by the existing life experience of students, their communicative practices and represents a conscious or unconscious imbalance of practices in their daily life toward health risk factors. It has been found out that in spite of their realizing the risk factors that may affect their health in the future, Russian students are not eager to become champions of healthy behavior by default. Sociological research has found a need in the students of assistance and support for their informal efforts of implementing healthy behavior into their daily lifestyle. Moreover, in this social and demographic group the demand has been revealed for an "external organizer" of healthy lifestyle, which speaks about the social skills of "healthy behavior" being not formed at an earlier age. The research conducted places to the foreground the urge of massively involving students into the development and fulfillment of social projects associated with healthy lifestyle directly in their home university environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the historical and pedagogical aspects of American students’ life values problem. The scientific views of American scientists on the problem of life values are analyzed. The most common is the understanding of life’s values as the foundation on which everyone builds their own life; as the principles of life, which determine how one should behave; as a beliefthat occupies a central posi-tion in the individual’s system of beliefs. In different historical periods, the most im-portant life values of American youth were the ability to intercultural communi-cation, freedom of choice, professional competitiveness, family well-being. American methods of studying terminal and instrumental life values of students in the process of obtaining their education in higher educational institutions have been described. The following main terminal values of American students at the beginning of the twenty-first century are highlighted: the existence of a family, self development, freedom of choice (statements and activities), pluralism and democracy in public relations, patriotism and active social position, professionalism and compete-tiveness, financialsecurity, health and fitness. Attention is drawn to the following functions ofAmerican students’ life values: 1) orientational towards ideals and pat-terns of activity; 2) constructive about life strategies; 3) normative about behavior styles. Curricula and programs of American higher education institutions are aimed at developing the students’life values in the following areas: spiritual, mental, eth-nopsychological, humanistic-communicative, social socialization, socio-political, professional competence and competitiveness, culture of health and safety.

Inter-cultural families are an integral part of modern society, the institution of mutual influence of different cultures, of a person’s identity transformation. The studies of marital adjustment, values, and attitudes consistency in inter-cultural couples provide contradictory results. To resolve contradictions in this area, comparative studies of inter-cultural families of different types are important. The aim of the study is the comparative analysis of life and family values in inter-cultural couples, differing by the ethnic and religious affiliation of spouses. The participants: 69 couples: 20 mono-ethnic Russian, 30—inter-ethnic, inter-faith (Russians/Arabs); 19—inter-ethnic, with a common religion (Russian/Transcaucasian, Christians). The methods: Value Survey (Schwartz), Marital Role Expectations and Aspirations (Volkova), Marital Satisfaction Test (Stolin et al.), Mann−Whitney U-test, paired T-test. In inter-cultural couples, the spouses’ life-values coincidence is significantly less strong than in mono-cultural ones. However, in couples with common religious differences, their life values reflect not so much the contradictions, but the complementarity of traditional gender values. In general, the different cultures of spouses (both ethnic and religious) optimizes the process of comparing values and family attitudes. Despite a number of difficulties, spouses from inter-cultural couples generally have more consistent ideas about their family life.