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Background In patients with untreated CD20-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), a phase 3 trial was carried out to evaluate the efficacy and safety of zuberitamab plus CHOP (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone; Hi-CHOP) versus rituximab plus CHOP (R-CHOP) treatment regimens.Methods In a 2:1 ratio, eligible patients were assigned randomly to receive treatment of six cycles of either 375 mg/m2 zuberitamab or rituximab together with conventional CHOP chemotherapy. The objective response rate (ORR) at C6D50 served as the primary endpoint, and a non-inferiority margin of 10% was established. The secondary endpoints included the complete response (CR) rate at C6D50, duration of response (DOR), progression-free survival (PFS) and event-free survival (EFS) judged by blinded-independent review committee (BIRC), overall survival (OS) and safety outcomes.Results Of the 487 randomized patients, 423 patients including 287 in the Hi-CHOP and 136 in the R-CHOP groups completed the C6D50 assessment. For the full analysis set (FAS) and per-protocol set (PPS), BIRC-assessed ORR at C6D50 for the Hi-CHOP and R-CHOP groups were 83.5% versus 81.4% and 95.3% versus 93.7%, respectively. The non-inferiority was confirmed as the lower limit of the two-sided 95% CI for the intergroup differences of −5.2% and −3.3%; both were >−10% in the FAS and PPS. The BIRC-assessed CR rate of Hi-CHOP was significantly higher in PPS (85.7% vs 77.3%, p=0.038), but comparable in FAS (75.2% vs 67.9%, p=0.092). After a median follow-up of 29.6 months, patients in the Hi-CHOP group had a slight advantage with regard to the DOR (HR 0.74, p=0.173), PFS (HR 0.67, p=0.057), EFS (HR 0.90, p=0.517) and OS (HR 0.60, p=0.059). Patients with the germinal-center B cell-like subtype who received Hi-CHOP exhibited statistically significant improvements in ORR (p=0.034) and CR rate (p=0.038) at C6D50, EFS (p=0.046) and OS (p=0.014). Treatment-emergent adverse event occurrence rates were comparable across groups (all p>0.05). Infusion-related responses occurred more often in the Hi-CHOP group (32.1% vs 19.9%, p=0.006), all of grade 1–3 severity.Conclusions Zuberitamab (375 mg/m2) plus CHOP was non-inferior to R-CHOP regarding ORR but exhibited a higher CR rate and was well tolerated in CD20-positive, previously untreated Chinese patients with DLBCL.Trial registration number Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR2000040602, retrospectively registered.

Abstract Introduction Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a chronic disease with treatment-free remission (TFR) increasingly regarded as a feasible goal of treatment. However, various factors may influence adherence to international guidelines for CML management. This study aimed to compare the reporting of care between patients with CML and their treating doctors. Methods Parallel patient and physician online surveys were conducted between September 22, 2021, and March 15, 2022, which focused on the perceptions of 1882 adult patients with CML and 305 physicians regarding tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) treatment options, monitoring and toxicities, TFR, and challenges faced. Results Among the enrolled patients, 69.9% received first-line imatinib treatment, 18.6% received nilotinib, and 4.7% received dasatinib. Among the patients treated with imatinib, 36.7% switched to other TKIs due to imatinib resistance/intolerance (71.1%), exploration of more potent TKIs to achieve TFR (8.9%), and treating physicians’ recommendation (14.0%), with a median duration of initial treatment of 14 months [interquartile range (IQR) 6–36]. Most (91.8%) physicians agreed that the breakpoint cluster region–Abelson 1 (BCR::ABL1) transcript level should be assessed every 3 months, but only 42.7% of individuals committed to 3-monthly testing and only 17.8% strictly followed their treating physicians’ recommendation. Half of the patients aimed for TFR; however, just 45.2% of physicians considered TFR as one of the top three goals for their patients. The major concern in obtaining TFR was patients’ adherence. Fatigue was often distressing for patients with TKIs, while physicians were more concerned about platelet and neutrophil counts. A total of 12% and 20.8% of patients reported moderate/severe anxiety and depression, respectively, while only 53.7% of physicians had concerns about their patients’ mental health. During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, 69.2% of patients reported a reduction in their income. Among these patients, 61.8% maintained their current treatment, while 7.3% switched to cheaper alternatives or discontinued treatment, with over 80% of these patients belonging to the low-income group. Conclusions Overcoming challenges in patient–physician communication and treatment access is key to improving disease management and quality of life, especially for patients with low income. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT05092048.

Abstract Background Controversies regarding the optimal internal fixation method for posterior sternoclavicular dislocation (SCD) exist. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the clinical efficacy of a new type of sternoclavicular hook plate for treating posterior SCD. Methods Eleven patients (eight men and three women) with posterior SCD who underwent treatment with the new sternoclavicular hook plate from June 2011 to January 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients’ ages ranged from 33 to 71 years (54.91 ± 13.58 years). Operation time, blood loss, length of hospital stay, and postoperative complications were recorded. Postoperative joint reduction and healing were evaluated using radiography and computed tomography. The Constant–Murley and Rockwood sternoclavicular joint scores were used to evaluate the functional recovery of the affected limb 12 months after surgery. Results All 11 patients were followed up for 12–24 months (18.00 ± 3.74 months). All incisions healed by first intention. The healing time ranged from 9 to 13 days (10.82 ± 1.54 days), and the joint healing time was 3–4 months (3.55 ± 0.52 months). The operation time was 45–75 min (59.55 ± 11.06 min), intraoperative blood loss was 22–58 mL (39.91 ± 11.07 mL), and the length of hospitalization was 6–14 days (9.91 ± 3.27 days). There were no complications such as infections, internal fixation failure, or nerve injury. The Constant–Murley score was 93.64 ± 9.01 at 12 months postoperatively. The Rockwood score was 13.36 ± 1.86, of which nine cases were excellent, one case was good, and one case was fair. Conclusion The novel sternoclavicular hook plate is effective for the treatment of posterior SCD. This novel device can facilitate early joint functional exercises and good functional recovery.

Femtosecond laser filamentation has recently emerged as a promising technique to actively create a channel through clouds and fog, thereby providing a revolutionary opportunity to overcome the obstacle of fog-induced attenuation for free-space optical communication (FSOC) in atmosphere. However, the underlying physics remains elusive, which is critical for optimizing time window and efficiency of guiding light in this channel. In this work, the time evolution of the filament-induced channel is investigated under various laser pulse energies and repetition rates. The combined diffusion model is built to reveal the contributions of gas molecules and aerosol droplets in competition of guiding and defocusing effect of the filament-induced channel. The related findings can deepen our understanding on the underlying physics of the air channel induced by the filament, provide insight into the optimizing time window and efficiency of guiding light, and potentially contribute to the improvement of filament-assisted FSOC.

Abstract Background Ibrutinib has revolutionized the treatment of mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). Both ibrutinib monotherapy and ibrutinib‐based combination therapy are important salvage options for patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) MCL. The real‐world efficacy and safety profile of the two strategies in Chinese patients with R/R MCL remain unclarified. Methods In the present study, data of 121 R/R MCL patients who received either ibrutinib monotherapy (N = 68) or ibrutinib combination therapy (N = 53) in 13 medical centers in China were retrospectively reviewed. Results With a median follow‐up of 20.5 months, the overall response rate was 60.3% versus 84.9% (p = 0.003), complete remission rate was 16.2% versus 43.4% (p

In this study, an optical setup for generating terahertz (THz) pulses through a two-color femtosecond laser filament was carefully designed to achieve a precise overlap of two-color laser pulses in space and time. β-barium borate (BBO), α-BBO, and a dual-wavelength plate were used to compensate the phase delay of the two-color lasers. Tilting of α-BBO could further realize the precise spatial overlap of the two beams by counteracting the walk-off effect. The maximum output THz pulse energy reached 21 μJ in argon gas when using a commercial Ti:sapphire laser with a pulse energy of 6 mJ at a 1 kHz repetition rate. The corresponding conversion efficiency exceeded 0.35%.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the safety and effectiveness of using a new sternoclavicular hook plate combined with a shoulder locking hook plate for the treatment of bipolar clavicle injuries.MethodsRetrospective analysis of 7 patients with bipolar clavicle injury, all-male, with a mean age of 51.1 years, who underwent a new sternoclavicular hook plate combined with a shoulder clavicular hook plate implantation.ResultsAll 7 patients were fixed with a sternoclavicular hook plate combined with a repositioned shoulder locking hook plate and received 13–24 months of follow-up. There were no postoperative complications, no wound infections, and no plate or screw fractures. The mean ASES score was 94.3 ± 2.8.ConclusionThe safety and effectiveness of a new sternoclavicular hook plate combined with a shoulder locking hook plate in the treatment of bipolar clavicle injuries.

ObjectivesThis study aimed to introduce a sternoclavicular joint (SCJ)-specific plate for the treatment of medial-end clavicle fracture and evaluate the clinical and radiological results of this method.MethodsFrom January 2006 to December 2020, 31 patients with displaced medial-end clavicle fractures were included in this study, with 8 patients with accompanying SCJ dislocation. Abduction and forward elevation of the shoulder, the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), and the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Score (ASES) were used for evaluation before index surgery and at the latest follow-up.ResultsAfter an average of 98.5 (range, 13 to 171) months, the mean VAS significantly decreased from 6.8 ± 1.0 preoperatively to 0.9 ± 0.8 at the latest follow-up (P < 0.001). The mean ASES score significantly increased from 34.3 ± 7.8 preoperatively to 90.2 ± 4.9 at the latest follow-up (P < 0.001). The mean abduction of the shoulder significantly increased from 72.1 ± 6.6 preoperatively to 169.5 ± 8.5 at the latest follow-up (P < 0.001). The mean forward elevation of the shoulder significantly increased from 97.1 ± 11.0 preoperatively to 163.1 ± 11.5 at the latest follow-up (P < 0.001). The union of all fractures was achieved, and all implants were removed. No loose or breakage of implants was observed. No vascular or nerve damage occurred during the operation.ConclusionsThis SCJ-specific plate provided excellent long-term results for the treatment of displaced medial-end clavicle fractures and was an alternative implant for medial-end clavicle fractures with or without small or comminuted medial fragments, especially those associated with SCJ dislocation.

Femtosecond laser filamentation is a unique nonlinear optical phenomenon when high-power ultrafast laser propagation in all transparent optical media. During filamentation in the atmosphere, the ultrastrong field of 1013–1014 W/cm2 with a large distance ranging from meter to kilometers can effectively ionize, break, and excite the molecules and fragments, resulting in characteristic fingerprint emissions, which provide a great opportunity for investigating strong-field molecules interaction in complicated environments, especially remote sensing. Additionally, the ultrastrong intensity inside the filament can damage almost all the detectors and ignite various intricate higher order nonlinear optical effects. These extreme physical conditions and complicated phenomena make the sensing and controlling of filamentation challenging. This paper mainly focuses on recent research advances in sensing with femtosecond laser filamentation, including fundamental physics, sensing and manipulating methods, typical filament-based sensing techniques and application scenarios, opportunities, and challenges toward the filament-based remote sensing under different complicated conditions.

Ultra-short laser filamentation has been intensively studied due to its unique optical properties for applications in the field of remote sensing and detection. Although significant progress has been made, the quality of the laser beam still suffers from various optical aberrations during long-range transmission. Astigmatism is a typical off-axis aberration that is often encountered in the off-axis optical systems. An effective method needs to be proposed to suppress the astigmatism of the beam during filamentation. Herein, we numerically investigated the impact of the nonlinear effects on the focusing properties of the astigmatic Gaussian beams in air and obtained similar results in the experiment. As the single pulse energy increases, the maximum on-axis intensity gradually shifted from the sagittal focus to the tangential focus and the foci moved forward simultaneously. Moreover, the astigmatism could be suppressed effectively with the enhancement of the nonlinear effects, that is, the astigmatic difference and the degree of beam distortion were both reduced. Through this approach, the acoustic intensity of the filament (located at the tangential focal point) increased by a factor of 22.8. Our work paves a solid step toward the practical applications of the astigmatism beam as the nonlinear lidar.

The filamentation process under atmospheric turbulence is critical to its remote-sensing application. The effects of turbulence intensity and location on the spatial distribution of femtosecond laser filaments in the air were studied. The experimental results show that the nonlinear effect of the filament can restrain the beam wander. When the turbulence intensity was 3.31×10−13 cm−2/3, the mean deviation of the wander of the filament center was only 27% of that of the linear transmitted beam. The change in turbulence location would lead to a change in the standard deviation of the beam centroid drift. Results also show that the filament length would be shortened, and that the filament would end up earlier in a turbulent environment. Since the filamentation-based LIDAR has been highly expected as an evolution multitrace pollutant remote-sensing technique, the study promotes our understanding of how turbulence influences filamentation and advances atmospheric remote sensing by applying a filament.

Non-cylindrical vectorial femtosecond lasers are employed to irradiate tungsten surfaces. Compound nanopatterns composed of periodic nanoholes and semi-circular curved ripples are produced by scanning the target relative to the laser beam. The tangential direction of the curved ripples is perpendicular to the local polarization direction of the vectorial femtosecond laser beam. Therefore, the formation mechanism of the curved ripples can be attributed to the interference between the incident femtosecond laser and the laser-induced surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs). We found that, in addition to the curved ripples, periodic nanoholes with an average diameter of 406 nm also appeared on the target surface, and they all tended to appear at the vertexes of the semi-circular curved ripples, i.e., the converging point of SPPs. Further experiments demonstrated that the location of the periodic nanoholes was totally determined by the polarization state of the incident femtosecond laser. Therefore, we deduced that the convergent SPPs induced by the non-cylindrical vectorial femtosecond laser interfered with the incident laser at the convergent point, leading to the generation of periodic nanoholes. The investigations in this work exhibited the important role of manipulating the propagation of SPPs in femtosecond laser surface structuring, which not only diversifies the surface patterns that can be produced by laser-induced periodic surface structuring (LIPSS) but also provides deep insights in the excitation and propagation dynamics of SPPs.

This paper was designed to test the feasibility of optical identification of trace amounts of narcotics in serum using photoinduced delayed luminescence (DL). Comparative investigation of control serum and contaminated samples with methamphetamine and heroin was conducted. For the control serum without chemical contamination, the delayed photon emission decay shows an intrinsic lifetime of about 38.4 ms, whereas DL decay curves of the serum containing 1 × 10-5 mol/L of methamphetamine and 1 × 10-5 mol/L of heroin reveal shortened characteristic lifetimes of 19.3 and 24.6 ms, respectively. Experimental results demonstrate that the lifetime can be used as an indicator of containing narcotics in serum, promising a new method for detecting trace amounts of narcotics in serum.

We demonstrated an efficient system for multifocal structured illumination microscopy (MSIM) utilizing a spatial light modulator (SLM). Nine phase profiles of chessboard phase plates loaded on the SLM in sequence are used to generate nine multifocal arrays on the focal plane. Subsequently, nine raw multifocal images are acquired. Finally, by extracting the parameters of the illumination patterns from the raw images precisely, a final super-resolved image is reconstructed by performing the standard reconstruction procedure of structured illumination microscopy (SIM). Our MSIM system realized nearly a 1.5-fold enhancement in spatial resolution compared with wide-field (WF) microscopy. The feasibility of the present system is validated on experiments and the results show its great performances along with good compatibility.

Purpose: Sternoclavicular joint is an amphiarthrodial joint formed by the clavicle and sternal manubrium. This joint becomes chronically unstable in case of a medial clavicle dislocation or fracture, and improper treatment could cause malformation and pain. We aimed to determine the efficacy of a novel sternoclavicular hook plate for treatment of unstable sternoclavicular joint dislocation or fracture. Methods: Between June 2011 and December 2013, the sternoclavicular hook plate was used to surgically treat 32 adult patients with unstable sternoclavicular joint dislocation or fracture. Of these, 12 and 5 patients suffered from anterior and posterior dislocation of the sternoclavicular joint, respectively, 10 had medial clavicle fracture, and 5 had fracture dislocation. For anterior fracture dislocation, the standard sternoclavicular hook plate was used, while for the posterior dislocation, screws were added at the distal end of the hook plate, anterior to the sternal manubrium, to prevent postoperative redislocation. Results: No intraoperative complications were observed during the procedure. Postoperative X-ray and computed tomography revealed normal anatomical positions of sternoclavicular joints and excellent positions of internal fixation. About 3–6 months after surgery, all patients achieved primary healing without redislocation of the sternoclavicular joint along with satisfactory restoration of anatomical structures of the medial clavicle; nine patients had swelling but no pain around the sternoclavicular joints. Internal fixation was removed in 29 patients 6–12 months postoperatively and no sequelae were observed. Conclusion: This novel sternoclavicular hook plate demonstrated excellent efficacy and could provide a reliable therapeutic approach for this kind of trauma.

Soil nitrogen is one of the crucial components for plant growth. An accurate diagnosis based on soil nitrogen information is the premise of scientific fertilization in precision agriculture. Soil nitrogen content acquisition based on near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy shows the significant advantages of high accuracy, real-time analysis, and convenience. However, soil texture, soil moisture content, and drying temperature all affect soil nitrogen detection by NIR spectroscopy. In order to investigate the effects of drying temperature on calcium soil nitrogen detection and its characteristic bands, soil samples were detected at a 25 °C placement (ambient temperature) after 40 °C drying (medium temperature), 60 °C drying (medium-high temperature), 80 °C drying (high temperature), and 105 °C drying (extreme high temperature), respectively. Besides that, the original spectra were pretreated with five preprocessing methods, and the characteristic variables were selected by competitive adaptive reweighted squares (CARS) and backward interval partial least squares (BIPLS). The partial least squares (PLS) method was used for modeling and analysis. The predictive abilities were assessed using the coefficients of determination (R2), the root mean squared error (RMSE), and the residual predictive deviation (RPD). As a result, the characteristic bands focus on 928–960 nm and 1638–1680 nm when soil was detected after 40 °C, 60 °C, and 80 °C drying. Calcium soil obtained the best prediction accuracy ( R p 2 = 0.966 , R M S E p = 0.128 g kg , R P D = 5.03 ) after 40 °C drying by the method of CARS-BIPLS-PLS. Meanwhile, the prediction model also performed well when soil was detected after 60 °C drying ( R p 2 = 0.946 , R M S E p = 0.172 g / kg , R P D = 4.53 ) and 80 °C drying ( R p 2 = 0.961 , R M S E p = 0.143 g kg , R P D = 4.98 ) . However, the calcium soil obtained the worst detection result when soil was placed at 25 °C. In conclusion, a low or extremely high drying temperature had an adverse influence on the soil nitrogen detection, and the 40 °C drying temperature as well as the CARS-BIPLS-PLS method were optimal to enhance the soil nitrogen detection accuracy.

The kinetics of photosensitizer 2-devinyl-2-(1-methoxylethyl) chlorin f (CPD4) uptake in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells is described by a diffusion kinetics model and experimentally investigated using laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM). CPD4 permeated into MCF-7 cells with increasing incubation time, which was followed by its binding to cell organelles. Subcellular distribution study revealed that CPD4 was primarily localized on the mitochondria and membranes, supporting that the mode of transmembrane transport was diffusion. A kinetics model describing CPD4 passing through the plasma membrane of MCF-7 cells was proposed based on Fick's first law of diffusion. The kinetics of cellular uptake of CPD4 was studied by three-dimensional LSCM. By fitting the experimental data using the above model, important cellular uptake and distribution parameters were obtained, which are of clinical significance in photodynamic therapy.