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The use of artificial intelligence in the medical field has become increasingly widespread, particularly in the diagnosis of lung cancer. Early and accurate diagnosis of lung cancer is crucial for effective treatment and improved survival rates. AI technology has been shown to aid doctors in diagnosing lung cancer with greater precision, thereby improving accuracy and efficiency. This paper provides a detailed overview of the research progress of AI technology in lung cancer diagnosis, covering various aspects such as lung cancer screening, imaging diagnosis, gene mutation detection, blood tumour marker detection, and pathology detection. However, the use of AI in diagnosing lung cancer still presents challenges and requires further research and improvement.

Let GG be a simple graph with degree sequence D(G)=(d1,d2,…,dn)D\left(G)=\left({d}_{1},{d}_{2},\ldots ,{d}_{n}). The first degree-based entropy of GG is defined as I1(G)=ln∑i=1ndi−1∑i=1ndi∑i=1n(dilndi){I}_{1}\left(G)=\mathrm{ln}{\sum }_{i=1}^{n}{d}_{i}-\frac{1}{{\sum }_{i=1}^{n}{d}_{i}}{\sum }_{i=1}^{n}\left({d}_{i}\mathrm{ln}{d}_{i}). In this article, we give sharp upper and lower bounds for the first degree-based entropy of graphs in C(n,k){\mathcal{C}}\left(n,k) and characterize the corresponding extremal graphs when each bound is attained, where C(n,k){\mathcal{C}}\left(n,k) is the set of all cacti with nn vertices and kk cycles.

In this study, the effects of Mg addition on the organization refinement and mechanical properties of the alloys were investigated by designing Zn-Mg binary alloys with different compositions. Solution treatment and cold drawing successfully prepared fine wire materials with smooth surface and uniform organization. The material’s mechanical properties were further improved by treating the fine wires with an optimized annealing process. Electrochemical tests and in vitro degradation experiments showed that the degradation properties of the alloy in simulated body fluids were closely related to the alloy composition and microstructure. Cytotoxicity tests showed that the prepared Zn-Mg alloys were significantly cytotoxic to tumor cells. The corrosion weight loss analysis revealed the corrosion behavior of the alloy and its trend with time. Overall, this study provides critical experimental data and theoretical basis for preparing biodegradable biomedical metal-zinc alloys with excellent performance, and lays a solid foundation for future clinical applications.

Ultraviolet (UV) electro-optic modulation system based on graphene-plasmonic metamaterials nanomechanical system (NEMS) with superlubricity is investigated. Due to the strong optical absorption intensity of graphene in the UV region and the combination of metamaterial structure based on surface plasmons, the modulation depth of the UV NEMS electro-optic modulator approaches as high as 8.5 times compared to the counterpart modulator in visible light region. Meanwhile, the superlubricity significantly reduces the power consumption of the UV electro-optic modulation system due to its extremely low friction coefficient. It also significantly increases the response speed of the modulator, with response time down to nanoseconds. The modulation voltage can be equal to or less than 150 mV. The proposed electro-optic modulation system has a simple structure and high sensitivity, which is supposed to have important applications in UV optoelectronic devices and systems.

【Background】 The imbalance between water supply and crop demand for water is the bottleneck limiting agricultural production in Xiliaohe plain of China. Long-term flooding irrigation in this region has deteriorated its environments including decline in water and nitrogen use efficiency and dropping of groundwater table. Improving water and nitrogen use efficiency has become essential to sustaining its agricultural production. 【Objective】 The objective of this paper is to investigate how planting density can be combined with irrigation and fertigation to increase water and nitrogen use efficiency of spring maize. 【Method】 The field experiment was conducted from 2017—2019 in a field with all treatments randomly arranged in the field. All treatments were watered and fertilized with subsurface drip irrigation. During the three years of experiment, we measured and analyzed the change in maize yield (Y) in response to irrigation amount (W), nitrogen application rate (N) and planting density (D). 【Result】 An increase in W, N or D boosted Y, with the significance of their impact ranked in the order of N>W>D. The combined impact of any two factors on Y was ranked in the order of ND>WN>WD. With the increase in each pair of factors, Y increased first followed by a decline. It was found that sufficient nitrogen application coupled with moderate irrigation and intermediate planting density gave the highest yield, followed by sufficient irrigation and fertigation coupled with intermediate planting density. The yield of the maize was 1 958.40~2 228.00 m3/hm2 under rain-feeding. Irrigating at 1 958.40~2 228.00 m3/hm2 and fertigating at 209.34~275.70 kg/hm2, along with planting density of 67 350~78 150 plants/hm2, increased the yield to 12 000~12 716.82 kg/hm2. 【Conclusion】 Spring maize yield was modulated jointly by irrigation, fertigation and planting density. Our three-year experiments revealed that their optimal combination for Xiliaohe plain was: irrigating at 1 958.40~2 228.00 m3/hm2, fertigating at 209.34~275.70 kg/hm2, and planting at 67 350~78 150 plants/hm2.

Spherical parallel mechanisms with large or fully spherical workspace are one of the important research directions in the application of large-angle workspace. Aiming at the problem of insufficient workspace in the current spherical parallel mechanisms，a new idea for the type design of a 2-DOF decoupled parallel mechanism with a fully spherical workspace is presented based on the input and output characteristics of the double rocker mechanism. And a newly decoupled parallel mechanism (RR&P5R) with a fully spherical workspace is designed. The kinematic equations of parallel mechanism are established through kinematic analysis. Then the relationship of displacement，velocity and acceleration between input and output for the RR&P5R mechanism are obtained. With the objective of the minimum input quantity q2，the size of the RR&P5R mechanism is optimized. This research provides an important theoretical basis for large-angle spherical workspace applications.

Objectives: Takayasu Arteritis (TA) is a highly specific vascular inflammation and poses threat to patients’ health. Although some patients have accepted medical treatment, their culprit lesions require surgical management (TARSM). This study aimed at dissecting the transcriptomes of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in these patients and to explore potential clinical markers for TA development and progression.Methods: Peripheral blood were collected from four TA patients requiring surgical management and four age-sex matched healthy donors. Single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) was adopted to explore the transcriptomic diversity and function of their PBMCs. ELISA, qPCR, and FACS were conducted to validate the results of the analysis.Results: A total of 29918 qualified cells were included for downstream analysis. Nine major cell types were confirmed, including CD14+ monocytes, CD8+ T cells, NK cells, CD4+ T cells, B cells, CD16+ monocytes, megakaryocytes, dendritic cells and plasmacytoid dendritic cells. CD14+ monocytes (50.0 vs. 39.3%, p < 0.05) increased in TA patients, as validated by FACS results. TXNIP, AREG, THBS1, and CD163 increased in TA patients. ILs like IL-6, IL-6STP1, IL-6ST, IL-15, and IL-15RA increased in TA group.Conclusion: Transcriptome heterogeneities of PBMCs in TA patients requiring surgical management were revealed in the present study. In the patients with TA, CD14+ monocytes and gene expressions involved in oxidative stress were increased, indicating a new treatment and research direction in this field.

Lung cancer is one of the most common carcinomas in the world, with high morbidity and mortality. The development of next-generation sequencing has prompted the molecular biology of lung cancer. In recent years, great progress has been made in the research of the characteristics of genome and transcriptome variations of lung cancer. However, there is still a lack of research on the molecular mechanisms of the origin and development of lung cancer. In this review, we summarize the new findings of molecular characteristics in lung cancer and aim to provide the direction and basis for future research.

Aiming at the workspace of existing spherical parallel mechanism is smaller in the field of large spherical workspace application,a decoupling spherical parallel mechanism with sphere workspace is proposed.Firstly,according to the limitation from the friction circle of the revolute joint,the modified mechanism is given,which can provide a sphere workspace,and its number of degree of freedom is analyzed. Secondly,the inverse and forward position for the mechanism is derived with the closed vector method. The expression of the Jacobian matrix is deduced with the relational expression between the input and output parameters of the mechanism. And according to the expression of the Jacobian matrix,the decoupled feature of the proposed parallel mechanism is validated. The theoretical foundation for the application of the mechanism to the sphere workspace is provided.

IntroductionThis study aimed to investigate the effect of aerobic exercise on the expression of neitrin-1,DCC receptor and myocardial fibrosis in rats with acute myocardial infarction.MethodsTwenty-four rats were randomly divided into three groups: the sham group (n = 8), the acute myocardial infarction (AMI) model group (n = 8), and the aerobic exercise treatment after acute myocardial infarction group (ET) (n = 8). After 10 weeks, the serum levels of netrin-1, tumor necrosis factor alpha α (TNF-α), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) were measured. The expression of matrix metalloproteinase 2 and 9 (MMP2, 9), and their inhibitor, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2 (TIMP2), myocardial netrin-1, and the deleted in colorectal cancer (DCC) receptor were evaluated. Histopathological results were also evaluated. The collagen volume fraction of the myocardial tissues was also calculated.ResultsCompared with the sham group, in the AMI and ET groups, left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP) were increased, while left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP), and left ventricular pressure maximal rate of rise and fall (± dp/dtmax) were significantly decreased (PConclusionsAerobic exercise increased levels of serum netrin-1, myocardial netrin-1, and the DCC receptor and reduced the expression of myocardial MMP2 and MMP9 proteins, to improve the degree of fibrosis following myocardial infarction in rats.

Actin mediates insulin secretion in pancreatic β-cells through remodeling. Hampered by limited resolution, previous studies have offered an ambiguous depiction as depolymerization and repolymerization. We report the in situ structure of actin remodeling in INS-1E β-cells during glucose-stimulated insulin secretion at nanoscale resolution. After remodeling, the actin filament network at the cell periphery exhibits three marked differences: 12% of actin filaments reorient quasi-orthogonally to the ventral membrane; the filament network mainly remains as cell-stabilizing bundles but partially reconfigures into a less compact arrangement; actin filaments anchored to the ventral membrane reorganize from a netlike to a blooming architecture. Furthermore, the density of actin filaments and microtubules around insulin secretory granules decreases, while actin filaments and microtubules become more densely packed. The actin filament network after remodeling potentially precedes the transport and release of insulin secretory granules. These findings advance our understanding of actin remodeling and its role in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion.