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The China Seas possess a variety of marine bioresources; however, many problems have been caused by exploitation and mismanagement of the resources, ecosystem and environment. In present study, the status of Chinese marine bioresources, as well as the issues of exploitation and utilization of resources were analyzed and discussed. Over-fishing, pollution and other anthropogenic activities have resulted in the destruction of bioresources, especially acute degradation of fisheries, as well as a series of impacts such as deterioration of the environment, loss of habitat, decline of biodiversity, imbalance of the marine ecosystem and a reduction of productivity. Precious marine bioresources have been diminished by commercial inadequate processing and insufficient utilization. The principle of protective exploitation and other feasible strategies and management measures were proposed for the conservation, rehabilitation and utilization of marine bioresources in China. There is an urgent need for research on the bioresources and eco-environment of the China Seas, in order to establish controls and administration for protection of the marine environment and conservation of bioresources. It will be necessary to ensure compliance with fishing quota licenses to preserve marine fishery resources. Any exploitation of marine bioresources must be managed scientifically and implement the use of the latest advances in marine biotechnology.

The characteristics of profiles for wind, temperature and humidity in the baroclinic convective boundary layer on Xizang Plateau were analyzed and discussed based on the observational data of Damxung boundary layer station and the radiosounding data at Lhasa, Gerze and Wuhan during the second field experiment of atmospheric sciences on Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. The results of studies illustrate that the convective boundary layer at daytime on the plateau could develop strongly, with a height of 2 200m which is distinctly higher than that over plain and ocean in middle latitude. The temperature profile in the plateau convective boundary layer has the well mixed characteristics and the maximum value of humidity sometimes appears at certain level in the humidity profile. The budget analyses of heat and water vapour in the plateau convective boundary layer show that the horizontal advection has important effect on the structures of boundary layer. There exists the wind shear phenomenon in the vertical distribution of the average wind speed in the convective boundary layer and the baroclinity formed by the horizontal temperature gradient is the main reason for the formation of the wind shear.

The monthly mean items of energy budget and air temperature, specific humidity and wind vector at 10m over China land and sea areas in 1998 were calculated based on Goddard Earth Observing Data Assimilation System, NASA, United States. The results of model calculation show that the largest surface net radiation of short wave appears in summer (July) in central areas of Xinjiang and Xizang, and reaches a value in high value central area of 275W/m2, and it appears in spring (April) in Yellow Sea and East China Sea with a its value about 250W/m2. The largest surface net radiation of long wave appears in summer (July) in northwestern China, with a value in central area of 125W/m2, and it appears in winter (January) in near China sea areas, with a value of 75–100W/m2. The latent heat flux in near China sea areas in winter (January) is higher than that in other months, its value in central area occurs in southwestern, northern, and northeastern China, and reaches 125W/m2. The calculated results of monthly mean energy budget illustrate that the net flux is transferred from ocean to atmosphere in winter (January) in Yellow Sea and East China Sea, and conversely in summer (July). The net flux value is positive in summer in Xinjiang and central area of Xizang Plateau. The comprehensive analysis for distributions of temperature, humidity and wind vector shows that the water vapour is transported distinctly in summer from South China Sea to eastern China area and from Bay of Bengal to India subcontinent. The water vapour in southwestern area of Xizang comes from its southwestern direction.

A new model for the Doppler sodar antenna was designed and implemented in order to make field experiments it move convenient. The newly assembled digital Doppler sodar is introduced in this paper. The results of comparison experiment illustrated that the wind speed and direction detected by the newly designed sodar are well consistent with those detected by tethersonde, and its functions are equivalent to those of Doppler sodar with a separated antenna previously developed in China and other countries. The newly designed Doppler sodar performed continuous detection for more than 40 days in Tibetan plateau experiment. The detecting results of the Doppler sodar showed that the upward plume motions exist in Dangxiong area, Tibet and that their vertical velocities can reach about 1m/s.

Based on the data of STORM-FEST (STorm-scale Operational and Research Meteorology-Front Experiment System Test) carried out near the boundary between Kansas and Nebraska, U. S. in 1992, the vertical distributions of temperature, humidity and wind velocity in the baroclinic convective boundary layer were analysed. The results showed that the temperature and humidity were well mixed in the convective boundary layer. The wind velocity was also well mixed, but there existed wind shear sometime. Under conditions with and without wind shear the turbulent kinetic energy budget was calculated. Finally. The possible reasons of wind shear formation in the convective boundary layer were discussed.

To observe the association between baseline pulse pressure (PP) level and new-onset cardio-cerebrovascular events in diabetic population.Physical examination data between July 2006 to October 2007 from a total of 101 510 employees of Kailuan Group were reviewed, 8306 subjects with a fasting plasma glucose level of ≥ 7.0 mmol/L or with confirmed diabetes diagnosis and were enrolled in this prospective cohort study. Subjects were followed up for 38-53 (48.1 ± 3.1) months and the cardio-cerebrovascular events were obtained every six months, association between baseline PP and new-onset cardio-cerebrovascular events in the diabetic population were analyzed.(1) Incidences of total cardio-cerebrovascular events in the PP groups were 3.4%, 2.8%, 4.5%, 6.4%, respectively. Incidences of cerebral infarction events and myocardial infarction were 2.1%, 1.6%, 2.9%, 3.9% and 1.1%, 0.7%, 1.0%, 1.7%, respectively. (2) Multivariate Cox's proportional hazards regression analysis indicated that baseline PP group was the risk factor for total cardio-cerebrovascular events, cerebral infarction events and myocardial infarction, and the risk for all the events of the PP ≥ 60 mm Hg (1 mm Hg = 0.133 kPa) group was increasing. The values of RR(95%CI) were 1.88 (95%CI 1.34-2.65, P0.01), 1.92 (95%CI 1.23-2.99, P0.01) and 1.52 (95%CI 0.82-2.81, P0.05) after adjust the other factors.(3) In line with increasing level of baseline PP, age, BMI, SBP, DBP, HDL-C, and hs-CRP levels significantly increased in this diabetic population (P0.01 or P0.05).The level of high baseline PP is a risk factor for new-onset cardio-cerebrovascular events in diabetic population.

To evaluate the predictive value of baseline serum high sensitivity C-reactive protein for the first cardio-cerebral vascular event in the population with diabetes.In this prospective cohort study, a total of 101 510 employees of Kai Luan Group, who received healthy examination from July 2006 to October 2007, were screened and 7865 subjects with fasting plasma glucose ≥ 7.0 mmol/L or known diabetes mellitus and under insulin or hypoglycemic drugs therapy were followed up for 38 - 53 (48.02 ± 3.14) months.(1) Incidence rates of total cardio-cerebral vascular events, cerebral infarction and myocardial infarction increased in proportion to increased levels of baseline hsCRP (P0.01). After adjusting for age, gender, body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and cigarette smoking, multivariate Cox's proportional hazards regression analysis indicated that the individuals in the highest quartile of hsCRP levels group (hsCRP ≥ 2.50 mg/L) had an increased risk of total cardio-cerebral vascular events (RR: 1.64, 95% CI: 1.20 - 2.24), cerebral infarction (RR: 1.52, 95% CI: 1.03 - 2.24), myocardial infarction (RR: 2.57, 95% CI: 1.34 - 4.91) compared with those in the lowest quartile group (hsCRP0.41 mg/L). (2) Higher baseline hsCRP levels were associated with aging, female gender, higher BMI, SBP, DBP, fasting blood glucose, TC, TG, LDL-C levels and lower HDL-C levels (all P0.05).Baseline hsCRP level is associated with increased first cardio-cerebral vascular event in the population with diabetes.