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Driven by environmental and energy security concerns, a large number of small-scale distributed energy resources (DERs) are increasingly being connected to the distribution network. This helps to support a cost-effective transition to a lower-carbon energy system, however, brings coordination challenges caused by variability and uncertainty of renewable energy resources (RES). In this setting, local flexible demand (FD) and energy storage (ES) technologies have attracted great interests due to their potential flexibility in mitigating the generation and demand variability and improving the cost efficiency of low-carbon electricity systems. The combined effect of deregulation and digitalization inspired new ways of exchanging electricity and providing management/services on the paradigm of peer-to-peer (P2P) and transparent transactions. P2P energy trading enables direct energy trading between prosumers, which incentivizes active participation of prosumer in the trading of electricity in the distribution network, in the meantime, the efficient usage of FD and ES owned by the prosumers also facilitates better local power and energy balance. Though the promising P2P energy trading brings numerous advancements, the existing P2P mechanisms either fail to coordinate energy in a fully distributed way or are unable to adequately incentivize prosumers to participate, preventing prosumers from accessing the highest achievable monetary benefits and/or suffering severely from the curse of dimensionality. Therefore, this thesis aims at proposing three P2P energy trading enabling mechanisms in the aspect of fully distributed efficient balanced energy coordination through consensus-based algorithm and two incentivizing pricing and benefit distribution mechanisms through cooperative game theory. Distributed, consensus-based algorithms have emerged as a promising approach for the coordination of DER due to their communication, computation, privacy and reliability advantages over centralized approaches. However, state-of-the-art consensus-based algorithms address the DER coordination problem in independent time periods and therefore are inherently unable to capture the time-coupling operating characteristics of FD and ES resources. This thesis demonstrates that state-of-the-art algorithms fail to converge when these time-coupling characteristics are considered. In order to address this fundamental limitation, a novel consensus-based algorithm is proposed which includes additional consensus variables. These variables express relative maximum power limits imposed on the FD and ES resources which effectively mitigate the concentration of the FD and ES responses at the same time periods and steer the consensual outcome to a feasible and optimal solution. The convergence and optimality of the proposed algorithm are theoretically proven while case studies numerically demonstrate its convergence, optimality, robustness to initialization and information loss, and plug-and-play adaptability. Moreover, this thesis proposes two computationally efficient pricing and benefit distribution mechanisms to construct a stable grand coalition of prosumers participating in P2P trading, founded on cooperative game-theoretic principles. The first one involves a benefit distribution scheme inspired by the core tatonnement process while the second involves a novel pricing mechanism based on the solution of single linear programming. The performance of the proposed mechanisms is validated against state-of-the-art mechanisms through numerous case studies using real-world data. The results demonstrate that the proposed mechanisms exhibit superior computational performance than the nucleolus and are superior to the rest of the examined mechanisms in incentivizing prosumers to remain in the grand coalition. Open Access

Sheeppox virus (SPPV) and goatpox virus (GTPV) are two pathogens of host specificity. Previous studies have hypothesized that ankyrin (ANK) family may play an important role in determining host range of SPPV and GTPV. In order to verify the function of ANK proteins, it is critical to generate and purify the ANK gene deleted GTPV. In this study, the GFP gene as a reporter gene was connected with two homologous arms of ANK gene by fusion PCR. The ANK gene deleted transfer vectors were generated by inserting the PCR products into PET42b, and were transfected into testicular primary cells which were infected by GTPV. The rGTPV were identified as green fluorescence positive and properly purified. The results showed that GFP gene and two homologous arms of ANK gene were connected. The sequence was inserted in PET42b to form ANK deleted transfer vector. ANK deleted rGTPV was generated successfully by transferring vector and GTPV in cells. The ANK deleted rGTPV was purified and identified in this study. The study successfully generated the ANK deleted rGTPV. It overcomes the technical barrier for future studies about the function of ANK genes.

Sheeppox and goatpox are both economically important animal diseases in which pathogens are goatpox virus (GTPV) and sheeppox virus (SPPV). They can't cause cross-species infection between sheep and goats in general. But in recent decades, the infection of sheep by goatpox or goats by sheeppox has been reported. The literature has indicated that the occurrence of these cases has a significant and direct relationship with mutations of ankyrin genes families (ANK genes 010,138,140,141.2,145) located in two-terminal regions of capripoxvirus genomes. So it is very important to decipher these nucleotides and their coding amino acid sequences of the five genes regarded as host range and virulence factors for effective prevention and control of capripoxvirus diseases.In this study, all the ankyrin genes of three goatpox virus, two sheeppox virus, and one GTPV vaccine strains from Nanjiang areas of Xinjiang province of China during 2010-2011 were collected, amplified, cloned and sequenced. The sequence of every ankyrin genes has been compared with not only sequences from six viruses but also all sequences from three species of capripoxvirus genus from Gene bank, and every ANK gene's mutated nucleotides and amino acids have been screened, and the relationship of genetic evolution among different virus strains has been analyzed, as well as the domain architecture of these genes was forecasted and analyzed.The six capripoxvirus strains can be well-distinguished GTPV and SPPV based on five ANK genes' sequence identicalness except for GTPV-SS strain, which showed higher identicalness with SPPV. The ANK gene sequence of the GTPV-SS strain was 100% identical with SPPV-M1 (ANK138,140,145) and SPPV-M2 (ANK138,145), respectively. Phylogenetically, these six capripoxvirus strains were also grouped into the same cluster of India reference strains in lineages and showed extreme identical conservative or variable regions with India capripoxvirus isolates by sequence alignment. Moreover, for the functional domains, these ANK genes of capripoxvirus except for ANK gene 145, are identical in size, and ANK genes 145 of SPPV are usually 100 bp (approximately 30 aa) longer than those of GTPV and eventually form a PRANC domain at C-terminus.The isolated strain of GTPV-SS may be a cross-species infection or the collected material was contaminated, and the inferred Capripox outbreak in Xinjiang in 2010 can be introduced from India. ANK genes 138,140,141.2 and 145 of capripoxvirus can be used as the target genes to identify GTPV and SPPV. Moreover, the four ANK genes determining the host range are more significant than the ANK gene 010. These ANK genes play combining roles for their function.

Background Sheeppox and goatpox are both economically important animal diseases in which pathogens are goatpox virus (GTPV) and sheeppox virus (SPPV). They can’t cause cross-species infection between sheep and goats in general. But in recent decades, the infection of sheep by goatpox or goats by sheeppox has been reported. The literature has indicated that the occurrence of these cases has a significant and direct relationship with mutations of ankyrin genes families (ANK genes 010,138,140,141.2,145) located in two-terminal regions of capripoxvirus genomes. So it is very important to decipher these nucleotides and their coding amino acid sequences of the five genes regarded as host range and virulence factors for effective prevention and control of capripoxvirus diseases. Methods In this study, all the ankyrin genes of three goatpox virus, two sheeppox virus, and one GTPV vaccine strains from Nanjiang areas of Xinjiang province of China during 2010–2011 were collected, amplified, cloned and sequenced. The sequence of every ankyrin genes has been compared with not only sequences from six viruses but also all sequences from three species of capripoxvirus genus from Gene bank, and every ANK gene’s mutated nucleotides and amino acids have been screened, and the relationship of genetic evolution among different virus strains has been analyzed, as well as the domain architecture of these genes was forecasted and analyzed. Results The six capripoxvirus strains can be well-distinguished GTPV and SPPV based on five ANK genes’ sequence identicalness except for GTPV-SS strain, which showed higher identicalness with SPPV. The ANK gene sequence of the GTPV-SS strain was 100% identical with SPPV-M1 (ANK138,140,145) and SPPV-M2 (ANK138,145), respectively. Phylogenetically, these six capripoxvirus strains were also grouped into the same cluster of India reference strains in lineages and showed extreme identical conservative or variable regions with India capripoxvirus isolates by sequence alignment. Moreover, for the functional domains, these ANK genes of capripoxvirus except for ANK gene 145, are identical in size, and ANK genes 145 of SPPV are usually 100 bp (approximately 30 aa) longer than those of GTPV and eventually form a PRANC domain at C-terminus. Conclusions The isolated strain of GTPV-SS may be a cross-species infection or the collected material was contaminated, and the inferred Capripox outbreak in Xinjiang in 2010 can be introduced from India. ANK genes 138,140,141.2 and 145 of capripoxvirus can be used as the target genes to identify GTPV and SPPV. Moreover, the four ANK genes determining the host range are more significant than the ANK gene 010. These ANK genes play combining roles for their function.

Goat pox is contagious viral diseases of small ruminants and are caused by goat pox virus that belong to genus Capripoxvirus of Poxviridae family. The disease epidemics cause significant economic losses for sheepindustry. This communication highlights clinico-epidemiological observations from the four goat pox outbreaks in Xinjiang China in 2010. In clinical signs, fever, multisystemic nodular lesions, mucopurulent nasal discharges and respiratory symptoms were observed in the affected animals all that are goats but sheep. The morbidity, mortality and case fatality rates were 26.3%, 9.2% and 35%, respectively. pathologic anatomy, PCR techniques and also isolation of virus in Sheep original generation testicular cells were used for the diagnosis of the diseases. As results, 969 bp of DNA band of P32 gene are amplificated from skin, tongue, lung, liver and stomach and similarity cytopathic effect is caused in LT cell by inoculated processed materials of sick sample and Attenuated vaccian of goatpoxvirus. It concluded that the four outbreaks are affected by goatpox virus.

The phylogenetic relationships of the species of Padunielia are analyzed based on characters of larvae, pupae, and adults (mainly male genitalia). The genus is monophyletic and most closely related to Psychomyia, and Metalype in the subfamily Psychomyiinae. Nine species groups are suggested. Eight species, including six new to science, are reported from the People's Republic of China for the first time.

Six species of the genus Polyplectropns are recorded from the People's Republic of China. All the species are new to science. A key to the males is given. The larva of Polyplectropns nanjingensis sp. nov. is illustrated. The phylogenetic relationships among these species and with Polyplectropns species of the New World are discussed.

Five species of the genus Tinodes from the People's Republic of China are described and re-described, among which four species are new to science. A key to males of all five species and a key to females of two species are given.

随着中国改革开放的深入，阶层矛盾凸显，特别是近年来，由于农地问题、宅基地问题、融资问题、治安问题、村民上访问题、计划生育问题等，造成村民抗暴、基层冲突的爆发成为常态，中国地方基层已经处于矛盾的突发期。其原因是多方面的，但乡镇、农村公共管理人员的素质、能力和水平不能适应社会的发展变化是一个关键的因素。依据《中华人民共和国宪法》要求，按照中央政府统一领导全国、地方政府分级进行管理的原则，中国设置了金字塔式逐级向下辐射的各级地方政府（包括各级行政部门及其职能部门），乡镇人民政府是自中央政府下来的第5级也是最低一个层次的政府。乡镇公共管理人员直接代表着政府与民众打交道、代表着政府的执政水平和形象，其能力素质起着至关重要的作用。中国改革开放30多年来，乡镇人民政府的工作职能发生了巨大的变化，但乡镇公共管理队伍建设的进程明显落后于经济社会的发展速度，广东省梅州市2003年对科级干部的调查揭示出他们学历偏低、年龄偏大、观念偏旧、流动偏慢、待遇偏低的状况。可见，优化乡镇公共管理队伍结构，提升管理人员能力素质成为其上级党委、政府必须考虑的迫切问题，也是直接影响到基层工作和市县一级公共管理队伍建设的战略性问题。 2003年，梅州市委基于上述的现实和思考，决定与当地的本科大学——嘉应学院合作，在全国范围内率先创造性地在该校建立“梅州市党政干部战略人才培养基地”，依托该校培养乡镇公共管理人才。这一探索和实践取得了成功。它的培训模式、培训效果受到了各级组织和广大民众的欢迎、认可，被上级组织部门命名为“梅州模式”（侯伟生、罗伟章，2008）。至今，共选拔该校大学生489名，已有221名经过系统培养并经公务员录用考试成为梅州市乡镇公共管理人才已被充实到全市120多个乡镇任职。 With the deepening of China’s reforming and opening-up in recent years, contradictions among classes have become prominent. Problems on farm land, homestead land, financing, public security, appealing to higher authorities for help, and family planning have been rife and prevalent in rural areas, causing the outbreaks of villagers’ opposing violence and grass-root conflicts. The reasons are multi-sided. However, a key factor can be attributed to the inability of rural public management personnel to adapt to social changes and development. According to the Constitution of People’s Republic of China, and the principles that central Chinese government exercises leadership in the whole country and local governments at the local levels, China has established a pyramid-shaped, multi-leveled government system including every administrative and functioning sector, with the township government at the lowest level; that is the fifth level. The public township administrative personnel deal with people on direct behalf of the government and represent the administrative level and image of the government. Master of Public Administration

For the information and knowledge in oil-immersed power transformer fault diagnosis is randomness and uncertainty, this paper firstly analyzed the relationship between DGA and the fault categories; and then combined it with adaptive genetic algorithm, and proposed a adaptive genetic algorithm based fault rules intelligent learning model, so the model was used for oil-immersed transformer fault diagnosis. It combined adaptive genetic algorithm, credit evaluation system and experts’ guidance, because of the global search properties of genetic algorithm and the artificial expert prior knowledge, the system will search out the optimality fault rules finally. At last, the experiments also proved that the proposed fault rules intelligent learning mode used in oil-immersed power transformer diagnosis has a high rate of identification for faults.

In order to solve the problem of high dimension in text classification, this paper imported local linear embedding algorithm for dimension reduction. However, the original LLE did not necessarily make the loss of information minimize in process of reduction, so we combinated its two loss function together and improved it firstly. Then, linked the improved LLE and supervised learning and support vector machine algorithm together, so this paper proposed a supervised local linear embedding based SVM text classification algorithm. Finally, we designed three experiments for comparing, and the results of experiments indicated the algorithm could be used for dimension reduction effectively, and it did really improve the accurate rate in text classification.