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Rhodium(III)‐catalyzed oxindole‐directed oxidative Heck‐type olefination reactions of N‐aryloxindoles and olefins represent an efficient approach for the construction of C−C bond. It offers a straightforward and atom‐economical method for the synthesis of functionalized oxindole alkenylation derivatives in moderate to excellent yields. C‐H Activation: Rhodium(III)‐catalyzed oxindole‐directed oxidative Heck‐type olefination reactions of N‐aryloxindoles and olefins represent an efficient approach for the construction of C−C bond. It offers a straightforward and atom‐economical method for the synthesis of functionalized oxindole alkenylation derivatives in moderate to excellent yields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the problem of complexity and high-cost character of dynamic analysis in the processing of structural dynamic optimization, and infeasibility to direct dynamic optimization, a transformation method of equivalent static loads from dynamic loads based on volume potential energy was proposed. Analyzed the constitutive equation of volume potential energy, the most dangerous time points of the structure dynamic response were found by the critical time points identification method for solution space of global dynamic stress based spectral element interpolation. A mathematical model for the transformation method of equivalent static loads was constructed and it was solved by Direct algorithm. Last, 10 bar truss, 124-member plane truss and 1-bay 2-storey frame were taken as examples to verify the feasibility and validity of the proposed method. Results show that the displacement used proposed method is more realistic than the literature displacement of 6. 74%, 4. 57%, 8. 5%, indicating that the proposed method is feasible and effective, and lay a foundation for the structural dynamic response optimization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The anchoring energy of blue phase polymer template containing different concentration of conventional polymer has been studied. The lower bound of polymer concentration to form the chiral three-dimensional template of blue phase is confirmed. And it was demonstrated that the template anchoring energy has a threshold value to reassemble the double twist cylinder structure of blue phase liquid crystal by either refilling same-handed chiral materials or reverse-handed chiral materials which may help to improve the driving capacity of the polymer stabilized blue phase liquid crystal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Population genomics analysis of Ganoderma in China to investigate species diversity and genetic differentiation. • Candidate functional genes related to three important traits including stipe length, cap color, and branching were identified in Ganoderma. This study aimed to investigate the species diversity and genetic differentiation of the genome of the main cultivated strains of Ganoderma in China. Population genomics analysis was conducted based on 150 cultivated strains of Ganoderma collected nationwide. The results indicated that the main species currently cultivated in China were Ganoderma sichuanense and Ganoderma lucidum , with a minor proportion of Ganoderma sessile, Ganoderma weberianum, Ganoderma sinense, Ganoderma gibbosum and Ganoderma australe. A total of 336,506 high-quality single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci were obtained through population evolution analysis. The Fst values were calculated using a 5-kb sliding window, which ranged from 0.11 to 0.74. This suggests varying degrees of genetic differentiation between populations and genetic exchange among varieties. On this basis, the genes related to the stipe length, cap color and branch phenotypes of Ganoderma were excavated, and the region with the top 1% ZFst value region was used as a candidate region. A total of 137, 270 and 222 candidate genes were identified in the aforementioned 3 phenotypes, respectively. Gene annotation revealed that genes associated with stipe length were mainly related to cell division and differentiation, including proteins such as Nse4 protein and DIM1 protein. The genes related to Ganoderma red color were mainly related to the metabolism of tryptophan and flavonoids. The genes related to the branch were mainly related to cytokinin synthesis, ABC transporter and cytochrome P450. This study provided 150 valuable genome resequencing data in assessing the diversity and genetic differentiation of Ganoderma and laid a foundation for agronomic trait analysis and the development of new varieties of Ganoderma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A convenient rhodium(III)-catalyzed cascade reaction of 7-azaindoles and alkynes through multiple C-H bond activation for the synthesis of unique [5]azahelicenes has been developed. The optical property of these screw-shaped helicene derivatives could be further utilized in electronic devices to recognize mercury ions., (© 2017 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.)

An efficient rhodium-catalyzed dehydrogenative Heck-type reaction between N-aryl-substituted 7-azaindoles and various alkenes through a H 2 -releasing process without the need of any oxidizing agent was developed. The novel methodology broadens the scope of metal-catalyzed hydrogen-releasing reactions to include rhodium catalysis., (© 2016 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.)