Search

Because of the water conservancy project construction to the environment has brought a lot of damage, the state for environmental pollution and damage problems began to carry out a comprehensive restoration, for the relevant environmental protection and restoration policies are also improving, with the implementation of relevant measures, ecological water conservancy projects will play a vital role in environmental governance. In order to put forward suggestions for ecological restoration of white rose reservoir, this paper puts forward suggestions for ecological restoration from the geographical location of the water conservancy project, the measures in the construction process and the operational measures after completion, so as to restore the ecological role played by the ecological area before the completion of the water conservancy project and reduce the secondary pollution and damage to the environment in the operation process after it. This paper discusses the importance of ecological water conservancy project in environmental governance, and takes Shirase reservoir as an example, puts forward the ecological restoration suggestions for the water conservancy project. In order to restore the ecological function of the area before the water conservancy project and reduce the secondary pollution and damage in the operation process, it is suggested to improve the area from three aspects: geographical location, construction process and operation measures after completion. Through the implementation of ecological restoration measures, it will help to realize the harmonious symbiosis between man and nature.

Although much attention has been paid to investigating and controlling air pollution in China, the trends of air-pollutant concentrations on a national scale have remained unclear. Here, we quantitatively investigated the variation of air pollutants in China using long-term comprehensive data sets from 2013 to 2017, during which Chinese government made major efforts to reduce anthropogenic emission in polluted regions. Our results show a significant decreasing trend in the PM2.5 concentration in heavily polluted regions of eastern China, with an annual decrease of ∼7% compared with measurements in 2013. The measured decreased concentrations of SO2, NO2 and CO (a proxy for anthropogenic volatile organic compounds) could explain a large fraction of the decreased PM2.5 concentrations in different regions. As a consequence, the heavily polluted days decreased significantly in corresponding regions. Concentrations of organic aerosol, nitrate, sulfate, ammonium and chloride measured in urban Beijing revealed a remarkable reduction from 2013 to 2017, connecting the decreases in aerosol precursors with corresponding chemical components closely. However, surface-ozone concentrations showed increasing trends in most urban stations from 2013 to 2017, which indicates stronger photochemical pollution. The boundary-layer height in capital cities of eastern China showed no significant trends over the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei, Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta regions from 2013 to 2017, which confirmed the reduction in anthropogenic emissions. Our results demonstrated that the Chinese government was successful in the reduction of particulate matter in urban areas from 2013 to 2017, although the ozone concentration has increased significantly, suggesting a more complex mechanism of improving Chinese air quality in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Neuromyelitis optica-optic neuritis (NMO-ON) patients are routinely treated with intravenous methylprednisolone (IVMP). For the patients nonresponsive to IVMP, more effective but aggressive therapy of plasma exchange (PE) should be employed instead of IVMP in the first line.Purpose: To assess the visual outcomes of NMO-ON patients after IVMP by radiomics analysis of whole brain diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data.Study Type: Retrospective.Population: In all, 57 NMO-ON patients receiving IVMP therapy for 3 days.Field Strength/sequence: 3.0T; DTI images acquired by a single-shot echo planar image sequence; T1 images acquired by 3D fast spoiled gradient echo (3D-FSPGR) MRI.Assessment: In all, 200 DTI measures were extracted from the DTI data and employed as features to construct a radiomics assessment model for visual outcomes of NMO-ON patients after IVMP. The assessment performance was evaluated by area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), classification accuracy (ACC), sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predicted values (PPV and NPV). The selected DTI measures would reveal the white matter impairments related to visual recovery of NMO-ON patients.Statistical Tests: The relationship between the selected DTI measures and the clinical visual characteristics were investigated by Pearson correlation, Spearman's rank correlation, and one-way analysis of variance analysis.Results: The radiomics model obtained an ACC of 73.68% (P = 0.002), AUC of 0.7931, sensitivity of 0.6207, specificity of 0.8571, PPV of 0.8182, and NPV of 0.6857 in assessing visual outcomes of the NMO-ON patients after IVMP treatment. The selected DTI measures revealed white matter impairments related to the visual outcomes in the white matter tracts of vision-relevant regions, motor-related regions, and corpus callosum. The white matter impairments were found significantly correlated with the disease duration and the length of lesions in the optic nerve.Data Conclusion: Radiomics analysis of DTI data has great potential in assessing visual outcomes of NMO-ON patients after IVMP therapy.Level Of Evidence: 2 Technical Efficacy: Stage 4 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;49:1365-1373. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Postoperative rehemorrhage following intracerebral hemorrhage surgery is intricately associated with a high mortality rate, yet there is now no effective clinical treatment. In this study, we developed a hemoglobin (Hb)-responsive in situ implantable DNA hydrogel comprising Hb aptamers cross-linked with two complementary chains and encapsulating deferoxamine mesylate (DFO). Functionally, the hydrogel generates signals upon postoperative rehemorrhage by capturing Hb, demonstrating a distinctive "self-diagnosis" capability. In addition, the ongoing capture of Hb mediates the gradual disintegration of the hydrogel, enabling the on-demand release of DFO without compromising physiological iron-dependent functions. This process achieves self-treatment by inhibiting the ferroptosis of neurocytes. In a collagenase and autologous blood injection model-induced mimic postoperative rehemorrhage model, the hydrogel exhibited a 5.58-fold increase in iron absorption efficiency, reducing hematoma size significantly (from 8.674 to 4.768 cubic millimeters). This innovative Hb-responsive DNA hydrogel not only offers a therapeutic intervention for postoperative rehemorrhage but also provides self-diagnosis feedback, holding notable promise for enhancing clinical outcomes.

As the chameleon tongue swallows the food, it wraps the entrapped meat around the food, ensuring that it is completely enclosed and preventing it from falling off. Inspired by swallow behavior, this article introduces the design, manufacture, modeling, and experimentation of a variable stiffness swallowing gripper (VSSG). The VSSG is comprised of an intimal membrane, an adventitial membrane, and an internal medium of particles and liquid water. This gripper integrates swallowing behavior with a particle jamming mechanism, exhibiting both soft and rigid state. In the soft state, it gently swallows objects by folding its intimal and adventitial membranes. In the rigid state, the bearing capacity is enhanced by promoting particle jamming phenomenon through pumping out liquid water. Therefore, the proposed gripper has the capability to mitigate the issue of extrusion force applied on the object, while simultaneously enhancing the load-bearing capacity of swallowing gripper. In this article, the swallowing principle of the VSSG is analyzed, the mathematical model of the holding force and extrusion force is deduced, and preliminary experiments are carried out to verify the actual gripping effect of the gripper. The experimental results demonstrate that the VSSG can successfully swallow objects of different shapes in the soft state, exhibiting excellent flexibility and adaptability. The carrying capacity of the gripper in the rigid state increased approximately twofold compared with its soft state. In addition, several swallowing grippers with different filling medium were comparatively studied, and the results show that the VSSG has a large load-bearing capability.

In recent years, winter PM 2.5 and summer O 3 pollution which often occurred with air stagnation condition has become a major concern in China. Thus, it is imperative to understand the air stagnation distribution in China and elucidate its impact on air pollution. In this study, three air stagnation indices were calculated according to atmospheric thermal and dynamics parameters using ERA5 data. Two improved indices were more suitable in China, and they displayed similar characteristics: most of the air stagnant days were found in winter, and seasonal distributions showed substantial regional heterogeneity. During stagnation events, flat west or northwest winds at 500 hPa and high pressure at surface dominated, with high relative humidity (RH) and temperature (T), weak winds in most regions. The pollutants concentrations on stagnant days were higher than those on non-stagnant days in most studied areas, with the largest difference of the 90th percentiles of maximum daily 8-h average (MDA8) O 3 up to 62.2 μg m -3 in Pearl River Delta (PRD) and PM 2.5 up to 95.8 μg m -3 in North China Plain (NCP). During the evolution of stagnation events, the MDA8 O 3 concentrations showed a significant increase (6.0 μg m -3 day -1 ) in PRD and a slight rise in other regions; the PM 2.5 concentrations and the frequency of extreme PM 2.5 days increased, especially in NCP. Furthermore, O 3 was simultaneously controlled by temperature and stagnation except for Xinjiang (XJ), with the average growth rate of 19.5 μg m -3 every 3 °C at 19 °C-31 °C. PM 2.5 was dominated by RH and stagnation in northern China while mainly controlled by stagnation in southern China. Notably, the extremes of summer O 3 (winter PM 2.5 ) pollution was most associated with air stagnation and T at 25 °C-31 °C (air stagnation and RH >50%). The results are expected to provide important reference information for air pollution control in China., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2021. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

Although much attention has been paid to investigating and controlling air pollution in China, the trends of air-pollutant concentrations on a national scale have remained unclear. Here, we quantitatively investigated the variation of air pollutants in China using long-term comprehensive data sets from 2013 to 2017, during which Chinese government made major efforts to reduce anthropogenic emission in polluted regions. Our results show a significant decreasing trend in the PM 2.5 concentration in heavily polluted regions of eastern China, with an annual decrease of ∼7% compared with measurements in 2013. The measured decreased concentrations of SO 2 , NO 2 and CO (a proxy for anthropogenic volatile organic compounds) could explain a large fraction of the decreased PM 2.5 concentrations in different regions. As a consequence, the heavily polluted days decreased significantly in corresponding regions. Concentrations of organic aerosol, nitrate, sulfate, ammonium and chloride measured in urban Beijing revealed a remarkable reduction from 2013 to 2017, connecting the decreases in aerosol precursors with corresponding chemical components closely. However, surface-ozone concentrations showed increasing trends in most urban stations from 2013 to 2017, which indicates stronger photochemical pollution. The boundary-layer height in capital cities of eastern China showed no significant trends over the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta regions from 2013 to 2017, which confirmed the reduction in anthropogenic emissions. Our results demonstrated that the Chinese government was successful in the reduction of particulate matter in urban areas from 2013 to 2017, although the ozone concentration has increased significantly, suggesting a more complex mechanism of improving Chinese air quality in the future., (© The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of China Science Publishing & Media Ltd.)

In the last decade, North China (NC) has been one of the most populated and polluted regions in the world. The regional air pollution has had a serious impact on people's health; thus, all levels of government have implemented various pollution prevention measures since 2013. Based on multi-city in situ environmental and meteorological data, as well as the meteorological reanalysis dataset from 2013 to 2017, regional pollution characteristics and meteorological formation mechanisms were analyzed to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the evolution of PM 2.5 in NC. The domain-averaged PM 2.5 was 79 ± 17 µg m -3 from 2013 to 2017, with a decreasing rate of 10 μg m -3 yr -1 . Two automatic computer algorithms were established to identify 6 daily regional pollution types (DRPTs) and 48 persistent regional pollution events (PRPEs) over NC during 2014-2017. The average PM 2.5 concentration for the Large-Region-Pollution type (including the Large-Moderate-Region-Pollution and Large-Severe-Region-Pollution types) was 113 ± 40 µg m -3 , and more than half of Large-Region-Pollution days and PRPEs occurred in winter. The PRPEs in NC mainly developed from the area south of Hebei. The number of Large-Region-Pollution days decreased notably from 2014 to 2017, the annual number of days varying between 194 and 97 days, whereas a slight decline was observed in winter. In addition, the averaged PM 2.5 concentrations and the numbers and durations of the PRPEs decreased. Lamb-Jenkinson weather typing was used to reveal the impact of synoptic circulations on PM 2.5 across NC. Generally, the contributions of the variations in circulation to the reduction in PM 2.5 levels over NC between 2013 and 2017 were 64% and 45% in summer and winter, respectively. The three most highly polluted weather types were types C, S and E, with an average PM 2.5 concentration of 137 ± 40 µg m -3 in winter. Furthermore, three typical circulation dynamics were categorized in the peak stage of the PRPEs, namely, the southerly airflow pattern, the northerly airflow pattern and anticyclone pattern; the averaged relative humidity, recirculation index, wind speed and boundary layer height were 63%, 0.33, 2.0 m s -1 and 493 m, respectively. Our results imply that additional emission reduction measures should be implemented under unfavorable meteorological situations to attain ambient air quality standards in the future., (Copyright © 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)