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Background: We identified an autophagy-inducing areca nut (AN) ingredient (AIAI) in the 30-100 kDa fraction of AN extract (ANE 30-100K). This study was to analyze the role of endocytosis in ANE 30-100K-induced autophagy.Methods: We used benzyl alcohol, dynasore, and shRNA of clathrin and dynamin to assess whether ANE 30-100K-induced cytotoxicity and accumulation of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3)-II were affected in oral (OECM-1) and esophageal (CE81T/VGH) carcinoma cells.Results: Both benzyl alcohol and dynasore effectively reduced ANE 30-100K-induced cytotoxicity and LC3-II accumulation in OECM-1 and CE81T/VGH cells. Downregulated protein expression of both clathrin and dynamin by their shRNA also significantly attenuated ANE 30-100K-induced elevation of LC3-II levels in CE81T/VGH cells.Conclusions: These results indicate that AIAI may be engulfed by cells through clathrin-mediated endocytosis, which promotes the execution of the following autophagy program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The combination of blue dye and radioisotope is most widely used to identify sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) in patients with breast cancer. However, some individual studies suggested that dual tracers did not have an advantage over radioisotope alone in detecting SLNs. We performed a systematic review to investigate the added value of blue dye in addition to radioisotope.Methods: We searched Pubmed and Embase. Prospective studies that compared the combination of radioisotope and blue dye with radioisotope alone were selected. The identification rate of SLNs and the false-negative rate were the main outcomes of interest. The odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidential intervals (CIs) were calculated by using random-effects model.Results: Twenty-four studies were included. The combination of radioisotope and blue dye showed higher identification rate than radioisotope alone (OR = 2.03, 95% CI 1.53-2.69, P < 0.05). However, no statistically significant difference was revealed for patients after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (OR = 1.64, 95% CI 0.82-3.27, P > 0.05), or for studies with high proportion of patients with positive lymphoscintigraphy (OR = 1.41, 95% CI 0.83-2.39, P > 0.05). Dual tracers did not significantly lower the false-negative rate compared with radioisotope alone (OR = 0.76, 95% CI 0.44-1.29, P > 0.05).Conclusions: Although the combination of blue dye and radioisotope outperformed radioisotope alone in SLN detection, the superiority for dual tracers may be limited for patients with positive lymphoscintigraphy or for those after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Besides, the combined modality did not help lower the false-negative rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new intact resin glycoside (3) and two glycosidic acids (1 and 2), all having a common trisaccharide moiety and (11S)-hydroxytetradecanoic acid or (3S,11S)-dihydroxytetradecanoic acid as the aglycone, were obtained from the roots of Porana duclouxii. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analyses and chemical correlations. These compounds represent the first examples of resin glycosides from the genus Porana. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To solve the drawback that typical mutual information-based registration neglects the spatial information of images, a new medical image registration method is developed by combining mutual information with gradient similarity. The gradient similarity of each pair of corresponding points includes direction similarity and module similarity. The summation of the similarity term for all sample pairs gives the gradient similarity of two registration images, which is multiplied by the mutual information to form the final registration metric. Registration functions are analyzed and compared, applying in different transform such as translation, rotation and sub-sampling of 2D multi-modal images, respectively. Experimental results show that the new method performs better than typical mutual information in robustness and precision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: We investigated whether Piezo1 could regulate oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation injury of neurons through Ca 2+ /calpain signaling., Methods: Piezo1 expression in rat brain cortex and PC12 cells were confirmed by immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence and Western blotting. The effects of Yoda1 and GsMTx4 on OGD/R-induced decrease in cell viability, increase in cell apoptosis and activation of downstreaming Ca 2+ /calpain signaling were investigated. Furthermore, calpain signaling was inhibited by PD151746 to see whether Ca 2+ /calpain signaling participated in the neurotoxic effects of Piezo1 activation., Results: Piezo1 expression was increased in rat cerebral cortex after ischemia/reperfusion and in PC12 cells after OGD/R. Activation of Piezo1 by Yoda1 enhanced OGD/R-induced cell viability inhibition, apoptosis, increase intracellular calcium levels and enhanced calpain activity while GsMTx4 showed the opposite effects. The effects of Piezo1 activation on cell viability and apoptosis were reversed by PD151746., Conclusion: Piezo1 could regulate neuron oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation injury via activation of Ca 2+ /calpain signaling., (Copyright © 2019. Published by Elsevier Inc.)

Objective: To observe the clinical efficiency and cardiac safety of itraconazole injection in the treatment of the elderly patients with chronic pulmonary diseases suffered from acute pulmonary invasive fungal infection (IFI)., Methods: The research was single centre and open experimental designed trial. We selected patients (> 70 years old) who were admitted to our department of respiratory medicine because of chronic pulmonary diseases combined with pulmonary IFI. All patients received intravenous itraconazole injection. The clinical efficiency and cardiac safety was observed for 14 days., Results: Thirty-five patients were included, 3 patients were proven, 32 patients were probable. There were 26 patients combined with coronary artery disease (74.28%), 20 patients combined with cor pulmonale (57.14%), and 17 patients simultaneously combined with both (48.57%). The temperature of 22 patients (62.86%) decreased to normal in 7 days, 31 patients (90.39%) in 11 days. After 14 days' therapy, the level of 1, 3-beta-D glucan decreased to normal in 26 patients (78.79%). The foci in sternum of 5 patients who were infected by candida albicans were completely absorbed in 14 days. Two patients were suffered from left heart insufficiency and arrhythmia ventricular on the 4th and 5th day respectively, and disappeared on the next day after given symptomatic treatment. There was a significant difference in B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) between before and after treatment., Conclusion: The clinical efficiency of itraconazole injection in the elderly patients who suffered from chronic pulmonary diseases and then combined with acute pulmonary IFI were 78.79%. Even if combined with coronary artery disease and/or cor pulmonale, the elderly patients who have chronic pulmonary diseases were safe when using the itraconazole injection in 14 days.

Objective: To assess superiority and safety of nasotracheal intubation with a thermal-softened tube guided by fiberoptic bronchoscope to establish an artificial airway for the institution of mechanical ventilation., Methods: A total of 209 patients were randomly allocated to two groups: "treated tube" group (52 centigrade treated tube group, n=105), common tube group (the tube was prepared at room temperature 23-26 centigrade, n=104). Nasotracheal intubation was guided by a fiberoptic bronchoscope to establish an artificial airway., Results: (1)The required time of the first successful nasotracheal intubation in the "treated tube" group [(14.48+/-8.31) seconds, 99 cases] was significantly shorter than in the common tube group [(23.85+/-11.97) seconds, 96 cases, P<0.01]. (2)Ratio of successful intubation in the "treated tube" group under conscious condition was higher than that of the common tube group [100% (28/28 cases) vs. 87.5% (21/24 cases), P<0.05]. (3) Ratio of successful intubation in 30 seconds in the "treated tube" group was significantly higher than that of the common tube group [93.9% (93/99 cases) vs. 68.6% (66/96 cases), P<0.01]. (4)The incidence of difficult intubation in the "treated tube" group [5.05% (5/99 cases)] was significantly lower than that of the common tube group [32.29%, (31/96 cases), P<0.01]. (5)The incidence of epistaxis in the first successful nasotracheal intubation in the "treated tube" group [4.0% (4/99 cases)] was significantly lower than that of the common tube group [15.6%,(15/96 cases), P<0.01]. (6)The incidence of epistaxis during nasotracheal intubation in conscious patients was lower in the "treated tube" (3.6%, 1/28 cases) group than that of the common tube group [28.6%, (6/21 cases), P<0.05]., Conclusion: The use of a thermal-softened nasotracheal tube to intubate guided by a fiberoptic bronchoscope to establish an artificial airway shortened preparation time before intubation. It is not necessary to use a vasoconstrictor for nasal mucosa before intubation, therefore cardiovascular effects due to the drugs can be avoided. It increases the willingness of conscious patients to accept the procedure and successful rate of the first intubation.