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Copyright of Acta Veterinaria Brasilica is the property of Acta Veterinaria Brasilica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Gaceta Médica de Caracas is the property of Academia Nacional de Medicina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: The synergetic evaluation of the hyperglycemia and the white blood count as leukoglycemic index (LGI) joins a bigger number of adverse events during the internment in patients with ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI). Objective: To evaluate the predictive value of the leukoglycemic index (LGI) in the appearing of in-hospital complications in ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Method: Multicentral and historic cohort study, which included 1133 patients inserted in the Cuban Registry of Acute Myocardial Infarction, among January 2018 and June 2021. Patients were divided in quartiles and in groups according to the optimal cut-point calculated for the LGI. Results: Optimal cut-point of the ILG to predict complications was 1188.4 (sensibility 61.4%; specificity 57.3%; area under curve 0.609; p < 0.001). The appearing of in-hospital complications was significantly increased in the LGI’s quartiles; as well as in the two groups according to cut-point. The analysis of logistic regression revealed that the LGI was an independent predictor of in-hospital complications (OR [IC 95%] = 1.27 [1.11-1.46]; p = 0.001). When the LGI was associated to the multivariate model, its predictive capability was rose (area under curve 0.813; p < 0.001). Kaplan Meier’s curves showed significant differences among groups of patient (p = 0.030). Conclusions: The LGI is an independent predictor of appearing of in-hospital complications in STEMI. The addition of the LGI to a basal model of risk has a strong positive effect in the prediction of adverse prognosis in patients with STEMI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Neutrosophic Computing & Machine Learning is the property of Multimedia Larga and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ginecología y Obstetricia de México is the property of Federacion Mexicana de Ginecologia y Obstetricia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introducción: la enfermedad de Pompe (EP) o glucogenosis tipo II es una enfermedad autosómica recesiva causada por mutaciones en el gen GAA que codifica para la proteína alfa-1,4-glucosidasa. Su deficiencia lleva a un almacenamiento anormal de glucógeno en los lisosomas de varias células, a través de los diferentes tejidos, lo que causa un compromiso musculoesquelético predominante. Contenidos: los fenotipos de la enfermedad dependen de las variantes genéticas y de los niveles de la actividad enzimática residual. La enfermedad se presenta como EP de inicio infantil, EP de inicio tardío y EP intermedio, por lo que es de suma importancia su diagnóstico temprano, por medio de estudios moleculares como la secuenciación de Sanger y la secuenciación de nueva generación. Conclusiones: se ha demostrado, mediante diferentes estudios, que las variaciones genéticas pueden diferir entre etnias, y es importante su caracterización molecular para determinar el tratamiento más adecuado, de acuerdo con el estado del material inmunológico de reacción cruzada (CRIM).

Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Biology is the property of Instituto Internacional de Ecologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Gaceta Médica de Caracas is the property of Academia Nacional de Medicina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

El aborto enzootico ovino es una enfermedad causada por Chlamydia abortus. Es considerada una zoonosis y una de las principales causas de pérdidas económicas en estas explotaciones. Este trabajo se enfocó en utilizar el cultivo de leucocitos de animales sin signos de abortos y la detección de anticuerpos para determinar la posible presencia de C. abortus en explotaciones de traspatio. Se obtuvieron 42 muestras de sangre periférica de ovejas de diferentes poblaciones. La detección de Chlamydia abortus se realizó mediante la tinción de Giemsa y la técnica de PCR. La detección de anticuerpos anti-C. abortus se dio mediante una técnica de ELISA comercial. Los resultados mostraron 21 muestras positivas mediante la técnica de PCR, de las cuales solo 10 fueron positivas mediante la técnica de Giemsa, mientras que 22 sueros mostraron anticuerpos anti-C. abortus. En este estudio el 38,1 % de las muestras fueron positivas a la infección por C. abortus, como se confirmó mediante PCR y serología. En conclusión, los leucocitos de sangre periférica pueden ser útiles para detectar una infección por Chlamydia spp. en explotaciones sin historial de abortos, con lo que se puede conocer la prevalencia real del aborto enzootico ovino en México. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The populations of Baird's (Centronyx bairdii) and grasshopper (Ammodramus savannarum) sparrows are decreasing as a consequence of the loss of their natural habitat and the indiscriminate use of agrochemicals in farming areas bordering their breeding habitat. Although these two species have been studied from an ecological perspective, there is no research on the presence of abnormalities in their leukocyte and erythrocytes counts, both of them health biomarkers. The objective of this work was to determine the spontaneous rate of polychromatic erythrocytes (PCE), micronucleated erythrocytes (MNE), and nuclear buds (NBs), as well as the leucocyte differential and the heterophil/lymphocyte ratio (H:L), in order to establish the health status of these sparrow species that live in Cuchillas de la Zarca, Durango, Mexico. With this aim, we captured 20 organisms of each species with mist nets. We carried two blood smears per individual which we analysed under the microscope (100x). There were no statistically significant differences among species regarding the frequencies of the various biomarkers, which had similar values to those established for other healthy bird species. Therefore, there is no evidence of genomic instability, nor of genotoxic or cytotoxic effects. Likewise, we detected no alterations in the immune system, based on the leukocyte differential and the H:L ratio evaluation. This is the first study that establishes reference values for these biomarkers among these particular species of sparrows. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ex vivo cultures of leukocytes implementation in laboratories have made it possible to evaluate the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in different research trials on drugs or other molecules, besides, to evaluate the expression of specific cytokines, this is the reason it should be improved and studied the conditions of implementation of these cultures to make them more viable and to avoid their activation so that in this way they can be uses to carry out at studies that that requiere the application of this technique as a perfect basis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Universidade Estadual Paulista. Revista de Odontologia is the property of Universidade Estadual Paulista. Revista de Odontologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Veterinaria Brasilica is the property of Acta Veterinaria Brasilica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Veterinaria Brasilica is the property of Acta Veterinaria Brasilica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Veterinaria Brasilica is the property of Acta Veterinaria Brasilica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To quantify the production of Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokines induced by Ascaris lumbricoides antigens in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) using a multiplex technique. Methods: PBMCs were cultured from individuals with mild A. lumbricoides infection (n = 20) and uninfected individuals (n = 21) and stimulated with A. lumbricoides extract (ExtAscaris), a mix of anti-CD2/CD3/CD28 (CDmix) as a positive control, and only medium (negative control). Cytokines in the supernatants were measured using the BD™ Cytometric Bead Array Human Th1/Th2/Th17 kit, to identify IFN-γ, TNF, IL-10, IL-6, IL-4, IL-2, and IL-17A. Readings were taken on a spectral cytometer (Northern Lights, Cytek, USA), and analysis was performed using R software with packages "tidyverse," "beadplexr," "flowCore," and "arsenal." Cytokine concentrations were calculated using a 5-parameter logistic curve. The t-test was used to compare cases and controls, and statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the University of Cartagena and the participants provided informed consent. This study was financially supported by the Colombian Sistema General de Regalías under the BPIN2020000100405 - BPIN2020000100364. Results: Efficient fluorescence intensity extraction for each cytokine was achieved using detection channel R8 and the "mclust" clustering model (Figure 1). No significant differences were found in the levels of the seven cytokines between cases and controls (Figure 2). Although the IFN-γ response to ExtAscaris was higher in cases than in controls (252.5 ng/mL vs. 173.1 ng/mL), the difference was not significant. IL-17A (detection limit: 18.9 pg/mL) was more detectable in cases than controls (5 cases, 23% vs. 2 controls, 9.5%). IL-4 was only detected in the supernatants from CDmix-stimulated cultures but not with the Ascaris extract (Figure 2). Conclusions: The multiplex technique using spectral flow cytometry combined with open-source software analysis proved applicable for quantifying cytokines induced by A. lumbricoides antigens in PBMCs. However, a more sensitive method is needed to evaluate IL-4 response in the context of ascariasis. The results did not reveal significant differences in cytokine production between cases and controls for the evaluated stimuli. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Odontologica Latinoamericana: AOL is the property of Acta Odontologica Latinoamericana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of astaxanthin on the hematological, biochemical and somatic response of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) orally administered in the feed for a period of 60 days. For the study, 105 tilapia (n=35) from the same spawn were used, constituting the following treatments: Control = animals (not treated with astaxanthin); T100 and T200 = fish treated with 100 and 200 mg of astaxanthin/kg of feed, respectively. There were no hematological alterations in red blood cells counts, hematocrit, hemoglobin, MCV and MCHC. In addition, astaxanthin-fed tilapia presented a better thrombocyte and leukocyte responses with a marked decrease in the number of thrombocytes, lymphocytes and neutrophils. Among treatments, there were no changes in serum levels of total protein, albumin, globulins, aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphate. Treatment with astaxanthin resulted in a decrease in triglyceride and glucose levels, as well as increase in hepatosomatic indices. The results of hematological and biochemical analyzes of tilapias demonstrated the clinical safety of this carotenoid, not causing harmful effects to the health of fish. Therefore, the antioxidant activity of this compound in tilapias resulted in an improvement in the leukocyte profile and contributed to hypolipidemic effects at the dose of 200mg of astaxanthin/kg of feed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A nivel mundial las infecciones virales toman mayor protagonismo al causar millones casos anualmente y millones de muertes, las alteraciones leucocitarias se presentan en muchos casos. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo identificar el valor semiológico y pronóstico las alteraciones leucocitarias en infecciones virales. Se realizó una investigación documental basada en una revisión sistemática, las bases de datos utilizadas fueron PubMed, SciELO, Elsevier, Embase, Dialnet, y Lilacs. Se incluyó bibliografía científica de los últimos 10 años, los idiomas inglés y español fueron los incluidos en las bibliografías analizas, se excluyeron fuentes de información con más de 10 años de antigüedad, además se excluyeron estudios clínicos en animales. Se evidencio en pacientes con Covid-19 que no sobrevivieron un recuento de células TCD8 de 98,89 mientras que pacientes sobrevivientes fue de 203,98; en los pacientes no sobrevivientes se evidenciaron niveles elevados de IL-6, 10 veces superiores a los que sobrevivieron. Se concluye que en pacientes con Covid-19 los niveles de IL-6 (>20 pg/mL), así como el recuento de TCD8 (63 pg/dL) se pueden utilizar como predictor de la gravedad del dengue

Differential counting and blood cell morphometry in the lizards Ameivula ocellifera (Squamata: Teiidae) and Tropidurus hispidus (Squamata: Tropiduridae) from the Brazilian semiarid region, with analysis of the effects by hemoparasites. The lizards Ameivula ocellifera and Tropidurus hispidus are sympatric species in the Brazilian semiarid region. Despite being considered in-teresting models for ecological studies, little is known about basic aspects of their biology, such as hematological parameters. Thus, the objective of this work was to perform the differential count of leukocytes and describe the morphometry of erythrocytes and leukocytes in these two species of lizards, with emphasis on hemoparasitism by intracellular protozoa. For this, 30 specimens (15 A. ocellifera and 15 T. hispidus) were used for analysis. After making the slides, a differential count of 100 leukocytes per slide was performed. In addition, 20 erythrocytes and 15 leukocytes were photographed per slide for morphometric analysis. The measurements wrere measured for the parameters area, perimeter, maximum and minimum axes, with the ellipse formulas used for area and perimeter. Interspecific and intraspecific differences (parasitized and non-parasitized lizards) were tested for erythrocyte morphometric parameters, erythrocyte nucleus and leukocytes. The differential count showed that heterophiles were the predominant cell type for both species of lizards, while basophils were the least abundant for A. ocellifera and eosinophils for T. hispidus. As for leukocyte measurements, only the monocyte differed significantly between species, greater in A. ocellifera, and intraspecifically only for the minimum axis parameter, greater in parasitized T. hispidus. Erythrocytes differed between species in terms of cell and nucleus size, being higher in T. hispidus. Among the hemoparasites, found only in T. hispidus, Plasmodium sp. caused more discrete changes in the erythrocyte, while Hepatozoon sp. caused marked macrocytosis and hypochromia in these cells. In general, there does not seem to be a relationship between the differential leukocyte count and hemoparasitism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Ciencias Médicas de Pinar del Río is the property of Editorial Ciencias Medicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objectives. to assess the anti-inflammatory effect of the flavonoid fraction of Lepechinia meyenii (Walp.) Epling on leukocytes of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Materials and Methods. Plants of the species Lepechinia meyenii (Walp.) Epling were collected and then different flavonoid fractions were extracted by column and thin layer chromatography. The superoxide anion production was evaluated by means of the reduction of nitroblue tetrazolium assay technique in neutrophils obtained from the blood of patients with RA, divided into three groups: negative control, which consisted of neutrophils (5x105 cells); positive control, made up of PMA (phorbol myristate acetate)-activated neutrophils (150 ng/mL), and the treatments, comprised of neutrophils activated and treated with different concentrations of the flavonoid fraction LM8 (60, 120, and 180 ug/mL). The expression of proinflammatory genes was studied by RTqPCR in mononuclear leukocytes obtained from patients with RA, divided into three groups: negative control, which consisted of mononuclear leukocytes (5x105 cells); positive control, made up of phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) (150 ug/ml)-activated mononuclear leukocytes, and the treatment, comprised of mononuclear leukocytes activated and treated with the flavonoid fraction LM8 (120 ug/mL). Results. Several flavonoid fractions were purified, with fraction LM8 showing the best immunomodulating effect. Said fraction diminished the superoxide anion production dependent on concentration. On the other hand, it diminished the expression of TNFα, IL8, and IL17 in mononuclear leukocytes. Conclusions. These results are encouraging in terms of the immunomodulating effect of this Peruvian medicinal plant and justify the continuation of their study for a potential clinical application.

Con el objetivo de establecer los límites de referencia de analitos hematológicos de cabras adultas de razas productoras de leche clínicamente sanas, sujetas al manejo y a las características de los sistemas de producción intensiva del Altiplano Mexicano, se recolectaron y analizaron muestras de sangre de cabras de 2 o más años de edad en diferentes etapas de producción. Con los resultados se obtuvieron los límites de referencia para hematocrito, cuenta de eritrocitos, volumen globular medio (VGM), plaquetas, sólidos totales, fibrinógeno, cuenta de leucocitos, neutrófilos segmentados, neutrófilos en banda, linfocitos, monocitos, eosinófilos y basófilos. Las medias obtenidas para cada analito fueron: hematocrito (0,22-0,36 L/L), cuenta de eritrocitos (9,07-18,47 x1012/L), volumen globular medio (VGM) (14,44-27,91), plaquetas (229-3 1 63 x109/L), solidos totales (65,64-84,64 g/L), fibrinógeno (0-6 g/L), cuenta de leucocitos (3,75-11,47 x109/L), neutrófilos segmentados (0,95-4,98 x109/L), neutrófilos en banda (0-0,16 x109/L), linfocitos (1,76-6,44 x109/L), monocitos (0-0,65 x109/L), eosinófilos (0-1,36 x109/L) y basófilos (0 - 0,37 x109/L). Estos valores se compararon con los obtenidos en otros estudios similares, y se encontraron algunas diferencias mayoritariamente en los valores obtenidos para hematocrito, eritrocitos, VGM, plaquetas, leucocitos y linfocitos, lo cual se debe a las diferencias en condiciones medioambientales y de alimientación entre los estudios.

Copyright of Revista ADM is the property of Asociacion Dental Mexicana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introducción: La enfermedad de Gaucher es un trastorno metabólico por deficiencia o ausencia de enzimaβ-Glucosidasa Ácida. El diagnóstico se sospecha clínicamente, pero requiere confirmación mediante medición, en leucocitos (estándar de oro) o en sangre seca sobre papel de filtro, de la actividad de la enzimaβ-Glucosidasa Ácida. Objetivo: Evaluar la validez de la medición de la actividad de la enzima β-Glucosidasa Ácida en sangre seca en papel de filtro, comparada con el estándar de oro, para el diagnóstico de enfermedad de Gaucher en pacientes con sospecha clínica. Metodología: Se hizo una revisión sistemática de literatura. Se construyó y validó una pregunta PICO. Se usó una estrategia de búsqueda genérica con base en los términos clave (Gaucher Disease y Dried Blood Spot Analysis). Dos evaluadores independientes revisaron, evaluaron la calidad y extrajeron la información de los artículos. Resultados: Descartando los duplicados, se obtuvieron 47 artículos. Se evaluaron los textos completos de cuatro, y tres de ellos fueron excluidos al aplicar criterios de inclusión y exclusión. El artículo incluido tuvo una calidad excelente y mostró que la actividad enzimática de la glucocerebrosidasa en sangre seca tuvo sensibilidad de 82.3% y especificidad de 94.0% con un punto de corte de 0.0-2.75 y sensibilidad de 88.2% y especificidad de 88.5% con un punto de corte de 0.0-4.4. Conclusiones: La medición enzimática de la β-glucosidasa ácida en sangre seca es una excelente prueba para diagnóstico inicial de enfermedad de Gaucher. Sin embargo, no es una prueba concluyente.

Se evaluó la seropositividad a Neospora caninum mediante ensayo inmunoenzimático (ELISA) y se detectó el ADN por PCR anidada con iniciadores externos Np 21-4 e internos Np 9-10 en leucocitos de vacas del sistema de producción de leche en pequeña escala en Amecameca, Estado de México. Se estudió un hato con 34 hembras adultas realizando el seguimiento con muestreos sanguíneos durante cinco meses; también, se analizaron dos muestras de encéfalo de fetos abortados y se constató la secuencia de los amplicones en el Genbank. La concordancia entre técnicas fue comparada mediante la prueba Kappa. La seroprevalencia por ELISA fue de 85.3 %; y se detectó ADN del parásito en 89.4 % de las vacas. Una muestra de encéfalo fue positiva. La similitud de los amplicones osciló entre 91 y 96 %, el índice Kappa fue de 0.41. El empleo de leucocitos aumenta la probabilidad de amplicar ADN de N. caninum.

Blood samples from ten Swedish dairy cows were taken one month before calving, at calving, and one month after calving. The blood concentration of vitamins A and E, and the trace element selenium (Se) were analysed, as well as the total and differential white blood cell counts,a nd the presenceo f CD62L and CD18 adhesionm oleculeso n blood neutrophils. The levels of vitamins A and E decreased significantly at calving, while whole blood Se increased Leukocytosisw as detectedat calving, explainedm ainly by neutrophilia.T he number of lymphocytest endedt o decreasea t calvrng.T he proportion of CD62L- neutrophilsd ecreased sisnlficantlv at this ttme

Objetivo. Determinar la efectividad antiinflamatoria del eugenol frente al croton lechleri en el tratamiento de la estomatitis aftosa recurrente. Métodos. Se trata de un estudio experimental donde fueron incluidos 60 muestras, divididas en tres grupos de estudio (G.E): G.E. 1 (croton lechleri), con 20 sujetos; G.E. 2 (eugenol), con 20 sujetos; y el grupo control (G.C), con otros 20 sujetos. Se evaluaron las características clínicas, el dolor, el eritema, el tiempo de cicatrización; así como el recuento de los leucocitos y la proteína Creactiva, antes y dos días después de la aplicación del tratamiento. Se utilizó la prueba t de Student, la prueba de Kruskal-Wallis y la U de Mann-Whitney. Resultados. Las aftas menores presentaron mayor frecuencia, con el 93,3 %; la forma redonda predominó en los sujetos estudiados, con un 63,3 %; con un 28,3 % en varias localizaciones; seguidas de la lengua, con el 25 %, y la mucosa labial, con el 16,7 %. El dolor cesó al 100 % en los pacientes al segundo día de aplicado el eugenol, el eritema al tercer día y la cicatrización culminó al cuarto día. Con el uso del croton lechleri, al tercer día cesó el dolor y el eritema, culminando el proceso de cicatrización. Conclusión. Los resultados del presente estudio demuestran que tanto la aplicación tópica de croton lechleri, como la del eugenol, son efectivos en el tratamiento de la estomatitis aftosa recurrente.

Copyright of Jornal Brasileiro de Patologia e Medicina Laboratorial is the property of Sociedade Brasileira de Patologia Clinica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: The leuko-glycaemic index has been proposed as a prognostic marker of death in patients with acute myocardial infarction, but there is uncertainty surrounding its prognostic value to predict one-year mortality. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the prognostic value of leukoglycaemic index for one-year mortality in Cuban patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Method: The data were obtained from the medical records and all cause one-year deaths was the primary endpoint. The leuko-glycaemic index was calculated from measurements at admission. The patients were divided into leuko-glycaemic index tertiles to be evaluated. Receiver operating characteristics and Kaplan-Meier survival curves were performed. Cox regression model was used for all multivariable analysis. Results: Three hundred and forty-four patients were assessed (median age, 68 years; 65.7% males; 25.6% diabetic). The mortality rate was 25.6%, being significantly higher in the upper tertile (55.7%, p<0.0001). The deceased patients presented a median of leuko-glycaemic index significantly higher than the survivors (2.18 and 1.34 respectively, p<0.0001). The area under the curve for leuko-glycaemic index was 0.715 and its cut-off value was 2.2. Any leuko-glycaemic index value higher than 2.2 was associated with significantly lower survival (177 vs. 309 days, p<0.0001) and it was an independent predictor of mortality (HR=3.56, CI 95%, 2.09-6.07, p<0.0001). Conclusions: The leuko-glycaemic index is a good predictor for all cause one-year mortality in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Selenium decreases cellular damage caused by oxidative stress and improves the organism physiological response. Leukocytes were evaluated during embryonic development in ewes with consumption of organic selenium. A total of 27 local ewes at the municipality of San Andrés Chiautla, Mexico State, with an average age of 2.5 years, were randomly assigned in two groups, 11 in control group (without Selenium, S-Se) and 16 with oral selenium (C-Se; selenium-enriched yeast) addition at dose of 0.3 ppm, for a period of seven days before Artificial Insemination (AI) consuming a diet based on alfalfa and corn stubble. White cell differential counting was performed on blood smears. Samples were taken before, during and after selenium treatment. Data were analyzed by mixed model, showing significant differences by treatment and time (p ≤ 0.05) in neutrophils; day 9 of embryonic development (5.91 ± 0.89 y 2.11 ± 0.46; S-Se y C-Se, respectively) and basophils amount was at day -3 (1.85 ± 0.31 y 1.05 ± 0.23). Regarding lymphocytes and eosinophils, they showed a difference in time (p ≤ 0.05) but not by treatment (p ≥ 0.05). It is concluded that selenium decreases the number of neutrophils and basophils; after blastocyst formation and four days after starting organic selenium treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To evaluate the edema volume and leukocyte, platelet, and fibrinogen count of peripheral burn in an animal model. The back left leg of Rattus norvegicus (experimental group) was placed in water at 60 °C for 60 seconds or at room temperature (control group). An analysis was carried out before and after the induced burn (at 4, 8, 12, and 24 h). The edema volume was determined by an orthogonal photo, the leukocyte and platelet counts were determined using automated equipment, and the fibrinogen count was determined using the gravimetric method. The maximum value of the edema was recorded at 4 h and leukocytes at 24 h. The platelet count did not vary at different post-edema time intervals. The fibrinogen level increased at 4 h and 24 h. In this animal model we induced systemic inflammation characterized by leukocytosis and elevated fibrinogen levels, combined with edema located at the induction area.

The effect of adding Agaricus blazei to the diet of broilers on immunity, serum parameters, and antioxidant activity was evaluated. A total of 840 1-day-old chicks were used, distributed among five levels of a completely randomized design (0.0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, and 0.20% A. blazei), with six replications and 28 birds per experimental unit. The weights of the thymus, spleen and cloacal bursa were not influenced (P > 0.05). Leukocytes, macrophages and nitric oxide were unaffected (P > 0.05), but at each supplementation level compared with the control, differences appeared in the percentages of eosinophils and macrophages (P < 0.05) at inclusion levels of 0.10, 0.15 and 0.20%. At 28 days, the antibody titer against Newcastle disease showed a quadratic response (P < 0.05) with supplementation, and from the estimated level of 0.08% the production of antibodies was stimulated; however, the same behavior was not observed (P > 0.05) at 42 days. Hypocholesterolemic effect was demonstrated (P < 0.05), but the serum triglyceride concentration was not affected (P > 0.05). The antioxidant activity of mushroom showed a positive linear effect (P < 0.05) on DPPH capture on day zero of meat cooling. The inclusion of A. blazei in the diet of broilers provided an immunostimulatory activity and hypocholesterolemic effect. Residual compounds with antioxidant activity were present in the meat, which may promote tissue protection of the animal in vivo, making possible the use of A. blazei as a natural additive.

ABSTRACT Euphorbia tirucalli (L.), commonly known as aveloz, has been indiscriminately used in popular medicine to treat various illnesses. However, some components can have devastating consequences. Injury to a cell's genetic material can cause mutations, cancer, and cell death. Our main goal in this work was to evaluate the genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of E. tirucalli extract on human leukocytes. For this purpose, we performed a phytochemical analysis to evaluate the plant's components. In the second step, we treated cultured human leukocytes with different concentrations of the dry extract of the plant and then evaluated the oxidative and genotoxic profiles of these leukocytes. We found that at 1% and 10% concentrations, the aveloz extract acted as a genotoxic agent that could damage DNA and increase oxidative damage. We conclude that despite its popular use, aveloz can act as a genotoxic agent, especially when it contains phorbol ester. Aveloz's indiscriminate use might actually promote tumors and therefore carry a considerable genetic risk for its users.

In therapy, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely used to treat mild conditions and severe musculoskeletal disorders. However, some effects may occur due to their use, such as agranulocytosis, leukopenia and aplastic anemia. Objectives: to evaluate the effect of some NSAIDs on leukocyte production; to evaluate possible modification of the granules of neutrophils and to compare the total leukocyte count, by using manual and automated methods. 42 samples of whole blood of female rats, Wistar race, were analyzed in this experiment. The animals ingested solutions of diclofenac (DC), dipyrone (DP) and naproxen (NX), in two concentrations: the therapeutic plasma and another ten times more concentrated, for 5 days. We performed differential counts on stained smear and leukocytes were counted using manual methods with the Neubauer counting chamber and automated method (Coulter T-890). The comparison between the methods presented no significant differences in any analyzed group. Regarding to the overall number of leukocytes, no significant changes between the groups were observed. Regarding to the differential count we observed a significant increase in the number of atypical lymphocytes found in the group treated with diluted DP. This study demonstrated that dipyrone: 1) served as a toxic agent due to lymphocyte activation and the large number of neutrophils with nuclear pyknosis; 2) the Coulter T-890 can be used for total leukocyte count of animals; 3 ) other anti-inflammatory drugs studied did not cause abnormalities.

Resumo: A indoleamina 2,3-dioxigenase (IDO) é uma enzima que cataboliza o aminoácido triptofano, levando à inibição da proliferação de linfócitos T, seja pela exaustão desse aminoácido no ambiente, ou pela indução via catabólitos induzindo-os a apoptose. Em mamíferos, esta enzima atua em diversas condições do organismo como a gestação, infecções, inflamações crônicas, transplantes e tumores, atuando na regulação imunológica. Estudos recentes identificaram a presença de moléculas homólogas a IDO em espécies filogeneticamente inferiores, cuja função parece estar restrita ao metabolismo do triptofano como fonte de energia. Este estudo teve por objetivo averiguar a expressão da IDO em células sanguíneas e órgãos hematopoiéticos de truta arco-íris pela imuno-histoquímica, buscando evidências de que a mesma poderia, nesta espécie, estar relacionada ao sistema imune. A expressão de IDO foi observada nos órgãos hematopoiéticos estudados incluindo o rim cefálico que apresentou marcação em células interrenais e leucócitos; baço, na qual a marcação restringiu à alguns leucócitos; no fígado a marcação ficou limitada à apenas algumas células dentro dos vasos sanguíneos e nas extensões sanguíneas pode-se visualizar a marcação de alguns leucócitos como os monócitos, linfócitos e neutrófilos. A predominância da marcação da IDO nesses tecidos pode constituir uma evidência de que a IDO identificada na O. mykiss esteja relacionada ao sistema imunológico nessa espécie.

BackgroundSpontaneous bacterial peritonitis is defined as an ascetic fluid infection without an evident intra-abdominal surgically treatable source. Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis is one of the severe complications in patients with cirrhosis and ascites. Without early antibiotic treatment, this complication is associated with high mortality rate; therefore, early diagnosis and treatment of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis is necessary for survival. Leukocyte esterase reagent can rapidly diagnose the spontaneous bacterial peritonitis.ObjectiveThis study aimed to find out the diagnostic accuracy of leukocyte esterase dipstick test for the diagnosis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis.MethodsA single centered hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted during July 2013 to August 2014 on children with cirrhotic liver disease and ascites who were admitted in the Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology in Nemazee Hospital affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (Iran). All patients underwent abdominal paracentesis, and the ascitic fluid was processed for cell count, leukocyte esterase reagent strip test (Combiscreen SL10) and culture. Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis was defined as having a polymorphonuclear count (PMN ≥250/m3) in ascitic fluid. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of leukocyte esterase test were calculated according to the formula.ResultsTotally, 150 ascitic fluid sample of cirrhotic male patients (53.2%) and their mean age (4.33±1.88 years) were analyzed. Biliary atresia (n=44, 29.4%) and idiopathic neonatal hepatitis (n=29, 19.3%) were the most frequent etiology of cirrhosis. Also, abdominal pain (68.6%) and distension (64%) were the most common presenting complaint. Of all cases, 41patients (27.35%) were diagnosed to have spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (PMN ≥250/mm3). Sensitivity and specificity of leukocyte esterase reagent test according to PMNs ≥250mm3 were 87.80% and 91.74%, also on ascitic fluid culture results were 88.23% and 77.44%. Positive predictive value and negative predictive value of this test in PMNs ≥250mm3 were 80% and 95.23% and in cases with positive culture 33.33% and 98.09% were obtained, respectively. Efficiency of leukocyte esterase reagent test in diagnosing spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, according to PMNs ≥250mm3 and culture results were 90.66% and 78.66%.ConclusionThe leukocyte esterase strip test may be used as rapid test for diagnosis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis due to its high diagnostic validity.

Estudos têm evidenciado alterações na resposta do sistema imune provocada pelo exercício físico de forma aguda, gerando um desvio do estado da homeostase orgânica. Dentre estas modificações da homeostasia, destacamos o aumento do número de leucócitos, principalmente dos neutrófilos segmentados (pseudoneutrofilia). O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar as alterações do número de neutrófilos de militares após realização de um teste de VO2máx (teste de Cooper). A amostra foi composta por 16 militares do sexo masculino, com idade entre 18 e 27 anos, residentes em Santo Ângelo, RS. Foram mensurados: estatura (m), massa corporal (kg), VO2máx (ml.kg-1.min-1), percentual de gordura (%G). Para a verificação das alterações dos neutrófilos através do exercício físico foi utilizado o teste de Cooper (teste dos 12 minutos). Para isto foi coletado sangue, três minutos antes e depois do teste. Para a análise dos dados utilizou-se o teste “t” de Student para amostras dependentes. Os resultados mostraram um aumento significativo no número de leucócitos entre o pré-teste (9518,75/mm³ ± 1978,96) e o pós-teste (13050,00/mm³ ± 3685,65). Já os neutrófilos segmentados apresentaram diferença significativa entre as médias (pré 6413,88 ± 1980,68 e pós 8859,13 ± 2798,76) mostrando ser o teste realizado o responsável pelo aumento, ocasionando uma pseudoneutrofilia. Com os resultados apresentados podemos concluir que a realização de um teste de VO2máx provoca uma pseudoneutrofilia, demonstrando o grande efeito da sobrecarga fisiológica na musculatura, provocado pelo exercício físico de grande intensidade e pequena duração, gerando uma imunodepressão no indivíduo. ABSTRACT Variation of neutrophil numbers in militaries after a VO2max test Some studies have evidenced alterations in the reply of the immune system provoked by the physical exercise of acute form, generating a shunting line of the state of the organic homeostasis. Between the modifications of the homeostasis, provoked by the physical stresses, we can detach the increase of numbers of leukocytes, mainly of the segmented neutrophil (pseudoneutrophilic). Therefore, the present study had as aim to verify the alterations of the number of neutrophil of military after the realization of the test VO2máx (test of Cooper). This research is of cause-effect with experimental delineation. The sample was composed for 16 military of the masculine sex, with age between 18 and 27 years, residents in Santo Ângelo, RS. Had been measured: stature (m), corporal mass (kg), VO2máx (ml.kg-1.min-1), percentage of fat (%G). For the verification of the alterations of the neutrophil through the physical exercise, was been used the test of Cooper (test of the 12 minutes). For this was collected blood, three minutes before and after the test. For the analysis of the data was used the “t” test of Student for dependent samples. The results had shown a significant increase in the number of leukocytes between the daily pay-test (9518,75/mm ³ ±1978,96) and the after-test (13050,00/mm ³ ±3685,65).Already the segmented neutrophil had presented a significant difference between the averages (daily pay 6413,88±1980,68 and after 8859,13±2798,76) having shown to be the test carried through responsible for the increase, causing pseudoneutrophilic. For the presented results we can conclude that the realization of a of VO2máx provokes a pseudoneutrophilic, demonstrating the great effect of the physiological overload in the musculature, provoked by the physical exercise of great intensity and small duration, generating a immune depression in the individual.

A utilização de bactérias do ácido láctico (LAB) como uma alternativa ao uso de antimicrobianos tem sido proposta para o controle da mastite bovina. No entanto, antes dessas aplicações, o efeito in vivo das LAB sobre a glândula deve ser cuidadosamente avaliado. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar se a infusão intramamária de Weissella confusa e seus metabólitos em vacas afeta a contagem de células somáticas (CCS) e a contagem diferencial de leucócitos no leite. Vinte e quatro tetos de seis vacas Hartón del Valle foram selecionados para a pesquisa. Uma alíquota de 5mL de uma solução aquosa de células de W. confusa (W) (concentração 109u.f.c. mL-1), 5mL de células de W. confusa com seus metabólitos (W + W10b) ou 5mL de metabólitos (W10b) foi aplicada ao acaso em três tetos de cada vaca. O teto restante em cada úbere representou a unidade experimental de controle (C). Nos dias 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 9, 13 e 15 após infusão (PI), a CCS, o pH, a acidez titulável e a contagem diferencial de leucócitos no leite foram avaliadas. A aplicação das três substâncias biológicas produziu aumentos significativos na CCS, no pH e na contagem de neutrófilos polimorfonucleares. Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre W e W+W10b. O W10b mostrou a menor alteração sobre as variáveis avaliadas. Os resultados sugerem que a aplicação de W. confusa e seus metabólitos afeta a CCS e a contagem diferencial de leucócitos no leite.

Copyright of Ginecología y Obstetricia de México is the property of Federacion Mexicana de Ginecologia y Obstetricia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ginecología y Obstetricia de México is the property of Federacion Mexicana de Ginecologia y Obstetricia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

With the aim to establish the hematological analyte reference limits of clinically healthy adult goats of dairy producing breeds, subjected to the handling and characteristics of intensive production systems in the Mexican Plateau, the blood samples of 2-year old and older goats at different production stages were collected and analyzed. Reference limits (interval in brackets) for hematocrit (0.22-0.36 L/L), erythrocyte count (9.07-18.47 ×1012/L), mean cell volume (MCV) (14.44-27.91 fL), platelets (229-3163 ×109/L), total solids (65.64-84.64 g/L), fibrinogen (0-6 g/L), leukocyte count (3.75-11.47 ×109/L), segmented neutrophils (0.95-4.98 ×109/L), band neutrophils (0-0.16 ×109/L), lymphocytes (1.76-6.44 ×109/L), monocytes (0-0.65 ×109/L), eosinophils (0-1.36 ×109/L) and basophils (0-0.37 ×109/L) were obtained. These values were compared with similar study results. Differences were found mainly in the values for hematocrit, erythrocytes, MCV, platelets, total leukocytes, and lymphocytes; this is due to environmental and feeding differences between the studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte is the property of Redprint Editora Ltda. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Pesquisa Veterinaria Brasileira is the property of Colegio Brasileiro de Patologia Animal - CBPA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Propolis is a complex resinous product produced by bees Apis mellifera, which has a number of biological activities such as an immunomodulator, anti-inflammatory, anticarcinogenic, antiviral, antibacterial, antioxidant, among others. The purpose of the following study was to perform an in vivo evaluation of the anti-inflammatory properties of a Chilean propolis extract, on the model of atrial edema induced 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13- acetate (TPA) in the mouse auricular pavilion, for later evaluation and histological analysis. The Chilean propolis extract (EPP) used was obtained from an ethanolic, rotaevaporated and lyophilized macerate. It was observed that the EPP significantly decreased edema and inflammatory infiltrate. These results suggest that the ethanolic extract of Chilean propolis possesses potential anti-inflammatory or modulatory effects of the immune system in atrial edema. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three trials occured to estimate the optimal dietary level of lysine (Lys) and its ratio with metabolizable energy (ME) using pigs from 50 to 70 kg BW. The first with 72 barrows (49.75±0.41 kg initial BW) and second with 72 gilts (46.05±0.38 kg intial BW). Dietary levels of Lys were: 7.00, 8.00, 9.00, 10.00 11.00 and 12.00 g/kg, and 14.25 MJ/kg ME. The thirth with 12 barrows and 12 gilts were fed with four diets (7.00, 9.00, 10.00 and 12.00 Lys g/kg) from the performance trial to evaluate apparent nutrient digestibility. In the first trial, there was a linear improve on feed conversion ratio, crude protein intake (g/day) (CPI) and crude protein efficiency (CPE) of the gilts from 0 to 16 days. From 0 to 32 days dietary lysine levels continued to show linear increase in CPI and CPE and a quadratic effect on relative weight gain (RWG) and FCR of the gilts. There was linear increase on CPE for barrows from 0 to 16 days and quadratic effect on CPI from 0 to 32 days. Data from digestibility and metabolism assay did not show interaction between sex as effect of Lys, although N retention (g) was higher in gilts than barrows. Therefore, it was concluded that for gilts and barrows from 50 to 70 kg, the recommended levels were 10.14 and 7.00 g/kg Lys or 0.71 and 0.49 g Lys/MJ ME, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]