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This article documents and analyzes autoethnographic engagement in participatory action research (PAR)—a reflective, irritative, and dialogic writing and team-discussion process which documents researcher-activist experiences and contextualizes them within the action research process. We document autoethnography as implemented in a research partnership between HMoob American college student activists and education researchers, to study the systems of oppression and inform advocacy to support HMoob American students at a predominantly white university. Autoethnography informs all aspects of the PAR project, from the development of research questions, to data collection, analysis, and writing, to the implementation of plans for action. We provide evidence from selections of the team’s autoethnographic journals, of the role of autoethnographic engagement as a PAR research technique that can facilitate and bear witness to the developmental transformations for emerging PAR activists—specifically, the cultivation of critical consciousness, the critical re-framing of issues of cultural-community identity, and the formation of an identity as a researcher-activist. We argue that autoethnography provides a practical technique for PAR teams for engaging in iterative cycles of critical self-reflective praxis (Freire, 2011), facilitating the development of critically-engaged researchers and the formation of analyses that are epistemologically grounded and action-oriented, addressing issues of power asymmetries within research.

Purpose. Colorectal cancer (CRC) survivors experience cancer-related cognitive impairment and co-occurring symptoms after cancer treatments. There has been little data to inform the risk factors of complex symptom phenotypes in CRC survivors. Objectives.To determine if subgroups of CRC survivors after cancer treatments could be identified based on the cognitive impairment and common co-occurring symptoms (depression, anxiety, sleep disturbance, fatigue, and pain); and to explore risk factors (sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, perceived stress, and social support) of these subgroups. Methods. Latent class profile analysis (LCPA) was used to identify subgroups based on self-reported symptoms in 64 CRC survivors. Cognitive impairment was measured by assessing subjective cognitive function using the Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS) measure. The Kruskal-Wallis test and regression analyses were performed. Results.Three distinct latent classes were identified (Class 1: All Low ‘28.1%’; Class 2: High Psychological Symptoms (depression/anxiety) ‘25%’; Class 3: High Somatic Symptoms (fatigue, sleep disturbance, and pain) with High Cognitive Impairment’46.9%’). Pain was the most distinguishable symptom across the latent classes. The high symptom burden group was associated with less time since cancer diagnosis, higher perceived stress levels, and poor emotional social support. Conclusion.Our study adds to the information on interindividual variability in symptom experience of CRC survivors with cognitive impairment. Findings suggest a need for increased attention to screening for co-occurring symptoms (e.g., high pain) and future interventions focused on stress management and social supports.

We study the effect of geopolitics on short-term financial market reactions to IMF program approvals. If IMF programs are influenced by geopolitics, they may be less successful in stabilizing the economy. This could lead financial market participants to sell the country's assets and thus reduce the catalytic effect of IMF programs. Using a monthly panel data set for about 100 IMF members covering 1993-2019, we find that if geopolitics are involved, the approval of a new IMF program increases risk aversion of financial market participants. To measure geopolitical interest, we focus on program approvals for temporary members of the United Nations Security Council (UNSC). We find that temporary UNSC members receiving an IMF program face higher bond and bill yields, depreciating exchange rates, and weaker stock market developments. This is consistent with investors reducing exposure to the country's financial assets. Such a negative investor reaction is not observed for IMF program approvals for non-UNSC temporary members., Review of International Political Economy, ISSN:0969-2290, ISSN:1466-4526

This article presents the institutional and historical context, methods, findings, and action-consequences of ‘Our HMoob American College Paj Ntaub,’ a qualitative, student-led Participatory Action...

Objective: Influenza is one of the major causes of morbidity. This study summarized major components that influence college/university students’ use of the vaccination using Ecological System Theory; and evaluated racial differences in key predictors of influenza vaccination/intention. Data Source: Sixteen engines (e.g., PsycINFO, Academic Search Premier, Science Citation Index) were used to search for cross-sectional studies (2009-2019). Study Inclusion/Exclusion Criteria: PI/CO criteria were applied (U.S. students, multidimensional ecological system, influenza vaccination/intention). Data Extraction: 25 cross-sectional studies were included from the initial 810 citations. Four reviewers performed the cross-checking. Data Synthesis and Results: Higher SES (e.g., education, vaccine affordability, healthcare resource) were positively associated with vaccination/intention. Under micro levels, both internal factors (e.g., positive beliefs, perceptions, attitudes) and external factors (e.g., supports/recommendations from physicians, families or peers, information, engagement in campus activities) enhanced influenza vaccination/intention of students. Meso level factors (private university, dorm-residence, or student housing) also influenced influenza vaccination/intention. Despite limited information on the effects of race on influenza vaccination, the current study synthesized the racial variances in vaccination behaviors of students. Conclusions: Enhancing positive beliefs, perceptions, or attitudes toward influenza vaccination with students is critical. Information about the safety and effectiveness of vaccination could be provided for students through official media, medical sources/physicians, campaigns, or internet websites. Family-to-student or peer-to-peer awareness campaigns could facilitate the vaccination of students.

Author(s): Crawford, Emily D; Acosta, Irene; Ahyong, Vida; Anderson, Erika C; Arevalo, Shaun; Asarnow, Daniel; Axelrod, Shannon; Ayscue, Patrick; Azimi, Camillia S; Azumaya, Caleigh M; Bachl, Stefanie; Bachmutsky, Iris; Bhaduri, Aparna; Brown, Jeremy Bancroft; Batson, Joshua; Behnert, Astrid; Boileau, Ryan M; Bollam, Saumya R; Bonny, Alain R; Booth, David; Borja, Michael Jerico B; Brown, David; Buie, Bryan; Burnett, Cassandra E; Byrnes, Lauren E; Cabral, Katelyn A; Cabrera, Joana P; Caldera, Saharai; Canales, Gabriela; Castaneda, Gloria R; Chan, Agnes Protacio; Chang, Christopher R; Charles-Orszag, Arthur; Cheung, Carly; Chio, Unseng; Chow, Eric D; Citron, Y Rose; Cohen, Allison; Cohn, Lillian B; Chiu, Charles; Cole, Mitchel A; Conrad, Daniel N; Constantino, Angela; Cote, Andrew; Crayton-Hall, Tre'Jon; Darmanis, Spyros; Detweiler, Angela M; Dial, Rebekah L; Dong, Shen; Duarte, Elias M; Dynerman, David; Egger, Rebecca; Fanton, Alison; Frumm, Stacey M; Fu, Becky Xu Hua; Garcia, Valentina E; Garcia, Julie; Gladkova, Christina; Goldman, Miriam; Gomez-Sjoberg, Rafael; Gordon, M Grace; Grove, James CR; Gupta, Shweta; Haddjeri-Hopkins, Alexis; Hadley, Pierce; Haliburton, John; Hao, Samantha L; Hartoularos, George; Herrera, Nadia; Hilberg, Melissa; Ho, Kit Ying E; Hoppe, Nicholas; Hosseinzadeh, Shayan; Howard, Conor J; Hussmann, Jeffrey A; Hwang, Elizabeth; Ingebrigtsen, Danielle; Jackson, Julia R; Jowhar, Ziad M; Kain, Danielle; Kim, James YS; Kistler, Amy; Kreutzfeld, Oriana; Kulsuptrakul, Jessie; Kung, Andrew F

Light pollution has been of increasing concern as it relates to protected areas. As such, natural resource managers need information on the distribution, intensity, and dynamics of nighttime lights in protected areas. We examine the extent of nighttime light brightness from 1992 to 2012 in the Mediterranean Coast Network (Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area, Channel Islands National Park, and Cabrillo National Monument) using the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) Operational Linescan System, which has provided global annual nighttime light imagery at 0.9 km pixel resolution. Nighttime lights appeared stable in Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area, decreased in Cabrillo National Monument, and are extremely low in Channel Islands National Park. However, the mean brightness values in Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area and Cabrillo National Monument were very high compared to all other National Parks. Indeed, both were comparable to the two National Parks in the USA with the highest mean brightness values (Cuyahoga Valley National Park, Hot Springs National Park). Monitoring night light extent, intensity, time series, and change detection using remote sensing should be a standard practice for all protected areas managed by the National Park Service due to the no-cost nature of the data and ease at which analyses can be undertaken. The DMSP data and calibrated products can be used to monitor long-term changes in light distribution and intensity while the higher-resolution Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite data can be used to show changes in light distribution and density throughout the year and can be used to test how policy or ordinance changes impact light pollution.

As digital media devices have been increasingly used in early childhood educational settings, this study examined whether the iPad with a Vygotskian social development approach—namely, More Knowledgeable Other—can be integrated into low-income preschool classrooms to improve science learning. An analysis of variance was used to examine the overall improvement and differences in improvement among English language learners, children with special needs, and children without special needs or English language learner status. Results showed that all participants improved their science learning abilities as a consequence of the iPad instruction. Among all groups, English language learner children benefitted more than the other groups, but only with a game that had less verbal directions. There were no significant differences by gender.

This paper explores how ideas related to children’s learning are conceptualized and practiced by examining Korean parental perspectives. Many Korean parents’ high expectations for their children in education are based on a unique combination of Korean parenting and Korean social values. As a result, this paper reports on discussions of what Korean parents' think about their children’s English proficiency and preparation for global society. It also investigates their perspectives of young children’s English learning in such Korean contexts as their parental struggles and expectations in relation to different socio-economic statuses, regions, and children’s gender. This endeavor attempts to fully understand how young children’s education-in this case, English learning-is situated within the complex dialectic of Korean society in which the parents’ perspectives about social values and familial expectations are intertwined.

 Abstract—This paper explores a project with young children from low-income preschools by emphasizing young children's learning with digital media. It focuses on a case study with young children (age 3-5) and their uses of iPads in Head Start and public school preschool programs in a Midwest area of the United States. It discusses how young children's learning can be supported by digital media use with specific examples. 

Engaging students in controversial issues provides numerous benefits for developing democratic citizenship. A wide variety of pathways and challenges exist to their discussion in classrooms, many of which are based upon societal and cultural context. This study explores the context of Guam and maps the issues of controversy within categories of identity, colonization, and the relationship with the U.S. military. This study provides multicultural and other contextual considerations for future curricular and instruction efforts directed toward the full release of controversial issue discussions in Guam classrooms. Findings from this research add to the growing body of literature documenting country-specific case studies of controversial issues education.

Korea faces a unique and complicated situation in becoming multicultural. Modern Korean education has changed several times in response to the contextual shifts which have occurred in the country’s demographic composition. Given the complex social circumstances which exist in Korean society, this paper explores how the social ideologies of patriotism and multiculturalism are presented in Korean elementary moral education textbooks which are currently used. In order to do so, we particularly examine which groups are considered as “others” in Korean multicultural society. With this approach, we aim to obtain a comprehensive understanding of how moral education textbooks reflect current conditions present in Korea.

An individual's intent to pursue an entrepreneurial career can result from the work environment and from personal factors. Drawing on the entrepreneurial intentions and the person–environment (P–E) fit literatures, and applying a multilevel perspective, we examine why individuals intend to leave their jobs to start business ventures. Findings, using a sample of 4192 IT professionals in Singapore, suggest that work environments with an unfavorable innovation climate and/or lack of technical excellence incentives influence entrepreneurial intentions, through low job satisfaction. Moderating effects suggest that an individual's innovation orientation strengthens the work-environment to job-satisfaction relationship; self-efficacy strengthens the job-satisfaction to entrepreneurial intentions relationship.

This paper discusses young Korean immigrant girls' understanding of American popular culture in a small‐scale qualitative study in order to disclose young American immigrant girls' perspectives on such culture. In particular, this paper explores how these Korean girls (age five to eight) perceive female body images in American popular culture – specifically, Disney animated films. It will examine their responses to the female body in the films by focusing on their recognition of reality and unreality. In addition, this paper will discuss their perceptions of objectified female bodies in the films. Finally, some suggestions and implications for further studies and early childhood educators will be provided. RESUME: Cet article porte sur la comprehension, chez des fillettes immigrantes coreennes, de la culture populaire americaine a l'aide d'une etude qualitative a petite echelle sur leurs points de vue sur cette culture. L'article se centre tout particulierement sur la maniere dont ces filles coreennes (âg...

ALTHOUGH SEVERAL STUDIES have examined popular culture, the perspectives of young children from various cultures still have not been discussed at length in such studies. In order to listen to these children's voices, this paper focuses on young immigrant Korean girls in the United States. It particularly examines their interpretations of marriage in American popular culture — in this case as marriage presented in Disney animated films. It explores the Korean cultural value of family, which significantly influenced the informants' points of view toward marriage. Finally, the paper provides some suggestions and implications for research on popular culture and young children.

This article explores how young Korean immigrant girls (age five to eight) living in the United States interpreted American popular culture by discussing their interpretations of Disney animated films. In particular, it scrutinizes these girls' understanding of the idea of monarchy — in this case, the process of and the qualification for a ruler — in the films. In addition, this article looks closely at the girls' perspectives on what it means to be a princess in the films by connecting such perspectives to their sense of Korean ethnicity. Finally, it provides some suggestions and implication for researchers and early childhood educators.

Based on a qualitative study on young Korean immigrant children’s interpretation of American popular culture, this paper reflects on the researchers’ role by examining the research challenges faced. Prior to discussing the research obstacles in conducting the study, we begin with briefly describing its methodology and design. Next, we discuss the various obstacles we encountered when conducting our study and howwe attempted to overcome these dilemmas by discussing two major struggles during the research process: a) the relationships between the researchers and our young participants, and b) the cultural sensitivity that was needed in initially gaining permission from and working with the parents of our informants. It then illuminates how the researchers attempted to cope with such difficulties by rethinking a researchers’s role emphasizing the importance of cultural context in research. Finally, the paper provides some discussions and implications based on our research experiences.

Much American popular culture has often been criticized for its negative portrayals of females and its potentially harmful influence on young children. However, there are insufficient studies about American young girls’ actual understanding of these female representations. Specifically, the perspectives of young immigrant girls have hardly been addressed in the existing research, even though their perspectives can be derived from what they learn about the social values associated with gender through their exposure to popular culture. This paper thus focuses on young Korean immigrant girls as a significant American immigrant group, and examines their ideas about gender in American popular culture—particularly, Disney films. Since their perceptions of gender were often derived from their discussions of marriage in the films, it closely investigates their understanding of gender roles, as considered through the marriages of Disney protagonists. It then discusses their perceptions of Disney by tracing these ideas to their beliefs about how these same themes become manifested in realistic situations. Finally, this paper provides implications and suggestions for researchers and early childhood educators.

Prior studies have found that knowledge gained from work experience is a way to gather insights for business opportunity recognition. However, little is known about the specific types of knowledge that lead to business founding. Utilizing concepts from knowledge spillovers and from the opportunity recognition literatures, this paper argues that an organization’s technological innovation activities can help its employees develop specialized knowledge that provides them with the entrepreneurial opportunities to found new businesses. Besides highlighting the positive relationship between technological innovation activities in organizations and the propensity of individuals leaving the organizations to start new businesses, this paper also provides a more fine-grained explanation of the types of technological innovation activities that can lead to business founding. We argue that knowledge acquired through product innovations is more easily adopted by individuals for commercial uses, while knowledge acquired through process innovations must be integrated with other parts of the organization to be valuable. This study proposes that product innovation activities in an organization, more so than process innovation activities, are related to new business founding. Implications for opportunity exploitation and ways to exploit knowledge spillovers are discussed.

Aim: To review the literature on randomized clinical trials for pediatric anxiety and depression, and evaluate their quality using the criteria developed by the American Psychological Association. Method: Inclusion of randomized controlled clinical trials in the medical and psychological literature. Results: Research evidence thus far suggests that CBT is a probably efficacious treatment for depression in children. None of the CBT protocols for depressed adolescents (taken independently) meet criteria for a well-established treatment, however, if the different protocols are taken as an aggregate, then CBT meets well-established treatment criteria. In addition, IPT-A is a well-established treatment for adolescent de- pression. CBT is the best established treatment for a number of child and adolescent anxiety disorders. Conclusion: While there has been an increase in the number of clinical trials of psychotherapeutic interventions for depression and anxiety as well as support for empirically-based treatments, the scope of these studies is still limited and research is still needed to examine the transportability of these treatments to diverse community settings.

Analysis of the contents of textbooks is a meaningful way to examine individuals, groups and institutions, as they reflect social values, attention and interests of a society. Education as an institution reflects a society's social ideology, and examination of the sociocultural components of schools can reveal the cultural paradigm upon which a society is based. A content analysis of Korean undergraduate early childhood teacher education social studies textbooks was used to illuminate aspects of social change and dominant sociocultural beliefs in Korea. Specifically, textbooks written in 1993 and 2003 were examined in terms of how the authors treated Korean social concepts and pedagogical expectations of early childhood education, the needs of young children, and the roles of teachers over the two time periods, in light of the socio-historical demands of early childhood education in Korea. The primary focus of the textbook written in 1993 was the social and moral development of children, whereas the 2003 textbook stressed multiculturalism and preparation for living in a cooperative, global society. How the textbook authors' areas of emphases reflected the sociocultural realities and expectations of Korean society at the time they are written is discussed.

Does an individual's positive attitude towards entrepreneurship education promote the growth of new ventures? It appears that it does. The empirical results presented in this paper support a prima facie claim that a relationship exists between attitude towards entrepreneurial education and business start-up. The aim of this paper is to investigate the hypothesised positive relationship between new venture founding and attitude towards entrepreneurial education (AEE). Limited if any research on new venture founding in the past has explored the contribution of AEE in business start-ups. A survey is carried out on a large sample (more than 15,000) of tertiary students residing in Singapore. In analysing the dataset, we have controlled for various factors in the regression analysis. Due to the limitations of our study, we are cautious not to assert any causal link between these 2 variables. The implications of the results to policy makers and educators are discussed along with suggestions for future research in order to refine our present understanding of these relationships.

Established in 1972, the Library of the Institute for Advanced Studies of World Religions (Carmel, New York) is especially strong in developing resources for the study of Buddhism, Hinduism, and Islām. The program for Buddhism has three major components: acquisitions, preservation, and the publication of bibliographies and research guides. Collection development of Buddhist texts and related materials is a formidable task encompassing a multitude of traditions, languages, countries of publication, and formats such as manuscript texts, blockprints, microfiche, and databases. In addition to a survey of collection development strategies for this literature, the author describes the major special collections and editions held by the Institute and provides an overview of the scope of Buddhist literature in relation to the countries of Asia and their primary languages.

Prior studies have found that job dissatisfaction and self-efficacy are significant factors influencing individuals’ entrepreneurial propensity. Existing literature on entrepreneurship often regards job dissatisfaction as an entrepreneurial push factor and self-efficacy as an entrepreneurial pull factor. The argument is that individuals who are dissatisfied with their jobs are more likely to seek alternative mode of employment such as self-employment. In other words, poor job circumstances may push individuals to leave their paid employment to start their own businesses. On the other hand, personal abilities such as self-efficacy may pull individuals toward starting their own businesses in areas where they are confident and competent in. Despite the importance of job dissatisfaction and self-efficacy for new venture creation, few if any studies have examined the entrepreneurial phenomena from a holistic perspective. Utilizing concepts from the P-E fit and self-efficacy literatures, this paper argues that the path to entrepreneurship is a multi-faceted interactive process between individuals’ personal attributes and their work environment. We specifically examined how IT professional’s personal attributes such as innovation orientation and self-efficacy condition individuals for an entrepreneurial career in unsatisfactory work environments.

Current years have witnessed the ongoing interest in entrepreneurship, which is essentially understood as the emergence and growth of new businesses (Rosa et al., 1996). A wide range of factors have contributed to the revival of interest in entrepreneurship in USA, Europe and many other countries. In recent years, many industrialized countries have suffered from economic recessions and high unemployment rates. Given the prevailing economic conditions, policy makers worldwide have now begun to recognize the instrumental role of entrepreneurship for economic growth. New and growing businesses are seen as a solution to rising unemployment rates, and as a major catalyst to national economic prosperity (Acs et al., 1999; Bruyat and Julien, 2000). As a result of the proliferating emphasis worldwide on entrepreneurship as the catalyst for economic development and job creation, policy makers have developed a wide array of measures to support entrepreneurship (Gnyawali and Fogel, 1994; Maillat, 1998). Key among these is the call for academic institutions, such as universities, to contribute through appropriate educational programs, i.e., entrepreneurship education (Laukkanen, 2000). There appears to be a consensus that entrepreneurship education and training has a major role to play in the economic development of a country (Gibb, 1996). The nature, relevance and appropriateness of entrepreneurship education have been subject to increasing scrutiny since the late 1960s (Vesper, 1985) and it has been touted as an effective means of entrepreneurial learning (Johannisson, 1991). Indeed, entrepreneurship education has become an obvious complement to venture capital and incubators as tools in propelling economic advancement (McMullan and Long, 1987). Whilst there clearly is a rise in entrepreneurial spirit and hence, an increase in entrepreneurship education across nations worldwide, information supporting these assertions and descriptions of the roles of entrepreneurship education to educate and inspire individuals remain largely scattered and sporadic. This chapter aims to consolidate and synthesize the issues surrounding university entrepreneurship education such as whether or not entrepreneurship can be taught, the structure, effectiveness, and potential growth of entrepreneurship courses, ethical issues as well as new perspectives on entrepreneurship education.

Prior studies have found that knowledge gained from work experience is a way to gather insights for business opportunity recognition. However, little is known about the specific types of knowledge that lead to business founding. Utilizing concepts from knowledge spillovers and from the opportunity recognition literatures, this paper argues that through an organization's technological innovation activities, employees develop specialized knowledge that provides them with the entrepreneurial opportunities to found new businesses. Besides highlighting the positive relationship between technological innovation activities in organizations and the propensity of individuals leaving the organizations to start new businesses, this paper also provides a more fine-grained explanation of the types of technological innovation activities that can lead to business founding. We argue that knowledge acquired through product innovations is more easily appropriated by individuals for commercial uses, while knowledge acquired through process innovations must be integrated with other parts of the organization to be valuable. This study proposes that product innovation activities in an organization more so than process innovation activities in an organization are related to new business founding. Implications for opportunity exploitation and ways to appropriate knowledge spillovers are discussed.