48 results on '"Leilei Mei"'
Search Results
2. The Left Amygdala and Right Frontoparietal Cortex Support Emotional Adaptation Aftereffects
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Xinqi Su, Ruilin Fu, Huiling Li, Nan Jiang, Aqian Li, Jingyu Yang, and Leilei Mei
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adaptation aftereffects ,emotion ,facial expression ,amygdala ,fMRI ,Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,RC321-571 - Abstract
Adaptation aftereffects—in which prolonged prior experience (adaptation) can bias the subsequent judgment of ambiguous stimuli—are a ubiquitous phenomenon. Numerous studies have found behaviorally stable adaptation aftereffects in a variety of areas. However, it is unclear which brain regions are responsible for this function, particularly in the case of high-level emotional adaptation aftereffects. To address this question, the present study used fMRI technology to investigate the neural mechanism of emotional adaptation aftereffects. Consistent with previous studies, we observed typical emotional adaptation effects in behavior. Specifically, for the same morphed facial images, participants perceived increased sadness after adapting to a happy facial image and increased happiness after adapting to a sad facial image. More crucially, by contrasting neural responses to ambiguous morphed facial images (i.e., facial images of intermediate morph levels) following adaptation to happy and sad expressions, we demonstrated a neural mechanism of emotional aftereffects supported by the left amygdala/insula, right angular gyrus, and right inferior frontal gyrus. These results suggest that the aftereffects of emotional adaptation are supported not only by brain regions subserving emotional processing but also by those subserving cognitive control.
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- 2024
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3. Individuals’ preference on reading pathways influences the involvement of neural pathways in phonological learning
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Jie Dong, Qingxin Yue, Aqian Li, Lala Gu, Xinqi Su, Qi Chen, and Leilei Mei
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inter-individual variability ,word reading ,reading pathway preference ,phonological learning ,fMRI ,Psychology ,BF1-990 - Abstract
IntroductionExisting behavioral and neuroimaging studies revealed inter-individual variability in the selection of the two phonological routes in word reading. However, it is not clear how individuals’ preferred reading pathways/strategies modulate the involvement of a certain brain region for phonological learning in a new language, and consequently affect their behavioral performance on phonological access.MethodsTo address this question, the present study recruited a group of native Chinese speakers to learn two sets of artificial language characters, respectively, in addressed-phonology training (i.e., whole-word mapping) and assembled-phonology training conditions (i.e., grapheme-to-phoneme mapping).ResultsBehavioral results showed that the more lexical pathways participants preferred, the better they performed on newly-acquired addressed characters relative to assembled characters. More importantly, neuroimaging results showed that participants who preferred lexical pathway in phonological access show less involvement of brain regions for addressed phonology (e.g., the bilateral orbitofrontal cortex and right pars triangularis) in the processing of newly-acquired addressed characters.ConclusionThese results indicated that phonological access via the preferred pathway required less neural resources to achieve better behavioral performance. These above results provide direct neuroimaging evidence for the influence of reading pathway preference on phonological learning.
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- 2022
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4. Toward human intervention-free clinical diagnosis of intracranial aneurysm via deep neural network
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Zi-Hao Bo, Hui Qiao, Chong Tian, Yuchen Guo, Wuchao Li, Tiantian Liang, Dongxue Li, Dan Liao, Xianchun Zeng, Leilei Mei, Tianliang Shi, Bo Wu, Chao Huang, Lu Liu, Can Jin, Qiping Guo, Jun-Hai Yong, Feng Xu, Tijiang Zhang, Rongpin Wang, and Qionghai Dai
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intracranial aneurysm ,computer-aided diagnosis ,deep learning ,Computer software ,QA76.75-76.765 - Abstract
Summary: Intracranial aneurysm (IA) is an enormous threat to human health, which often results in nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage or dismal prognosis. Diagnosing IAs on commonly used computed tomographic angiography (CTA) examinations remains laborious and time consuming, leading to error-prone results in clinical practice, especially for small targets. In this study, we propose a fully automatic deep-learning model for IA segmentation that can be applied to CTA images. Our model, called Global Localization-based IA Network (GLIA-Net), can incorporate the global localization prior and generates the fine-grain three-dimensional segmentation. GLIA-Net is trained and evaluated on a big internal dataset (1,338 scans from six institutions) and two external datasets. Evaluations show that our model exhibits good tolerance to different settings and achieves superior performance to other models. A clinical experiment further demonstrates the clinical utility of our technique, which helps radiologists in the diagnosis of IAs. The bigger picture: Intracranial aneurysms (IAs) are enormous threats to human health with a prevalence of approximately 4%. The rupture of IAs usually causes death or severe damage to the patients. To enhance the clinical diagnosis of IAs, we present a deep learning model (GLIA-Net) for IA detection and segmentation without laborious human intervention, which achieves superior diagnostic performance validated by quantitative evaluations as well as a sophisticated clinical study. We anticipate that the publicly released data and the artificial intelligence technique would help to transform the clinical diagnostics and precision treatments of cerebrovascular diseases. They may also revolutionize the landscape of healthcare and biomedical research in the future.
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- 2021
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- View/download PDF
5. Neural Pattern Similarity in the Left IFG and Fusiform Is Associated with Novel Word Learning
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Jing Qu, Liu Qian, Chuansheng Chen, Gui Xue, Huiling Li, Peng Xie, and Leilei Mei
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pattern similarity ,language training ,reading ,individual difference ,fMRI ,Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,RC321-571 - Abstract
Previous studies have revealed that greater neural pattern similarity across repetitions is associated with better subsequent memory. In this study, we used an artificial language training paradigm and representational similarity analysis to examine whether neural pattern similarity across repetitions before training was associated with post-training behavioral performance. Twenty-four native Chinese speakers were trained to learn a logographic artificial language for 12 days and behavioral performance was recorded using the word naming and picture naming tasks. Participants were scanned while performing a passive viewing task before training, after 4-day training and after 12-day training. Results showed that pattern similarity in the left pars opercularis (PO) and fusiform gyrus (FG) before training was negatively associated with reaction time (RT) in both word naming and picture naming tasks after training. These results suggest that neural pattern similarity is an effective neurofunctional predictor of novel word learning in addition to word memory.
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- 2017
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6. Artificial language training reveals the neural substrates underlying addressed and assembled phonologies.
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Leilei Mei, Gui Xue, Zhong-Lin Lu, Qinghua He, Mingxia Zhang, Miao Wei, Feng Xue, Chuansheng Chen, and Qi Dong
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Although behavioral and neuropsychological studies have suggested two distinct routes of phonological access, their neural substrates have not been clearly elucidated. Here, we designed an artificial language (based on Korean Hangul) that can be read either through addressed (i.e., whole word mapping) or assembled (i.e., grapheme-to-phoneme mapping) phonology. Two matched groups of native English-speaking participants were trained in one of the two conditions, one hour per day for eight days. Behavioral results showed that both groups correctly named more than 90% of the trained words after training. At the neural level, we found a clear dissociation of the neural pathways for addressed and assembled phonologies: There was greater involvement of the anterior cingulate cortex, posterior cingulate cortex, right orbital frontal cortex, angular gyrus and middle temporal gyrus for addressed phonology, but stronger activation in the left precentral gyrus/inferior frontal gyrus and supramarginal gyrus for assembled phonology. Furthermore, we found evidence supporting the strategy-shift hypothesis, which postulates that, with practice, reading strategy shifts from assembled to addressed phonology. Specifically, compared to untrained words, trained words in the assembled phonology group showed stronger activation in the addressed phonology network and less activation in the assembled phonology network. Our results provide clear brain-imaging evidence for the dual-route models of reading.
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- 2014
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7. Is order the defining feature of magnitude representation? An ERP study on learning numerical magnitude and spatial order of artificial symbols.
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Hui Zhao, Chuansheng Chen, Hongchuan Zhang, Xinlin Zhou, Leilei Mei, Chunhui Chen, Lan Chen, Zhongyu Cao, and Qi Dong
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Using an artificial-number learning paradigm and the ERP technique, the present study investigated neural mechanisms involved in the learning of magnitude and spatial order. 54 college students were divided into 2 groups matched in age, gender, and school major. One group was asked to learn the associations between magnitude (dot patterns) and the meaningless Gibson symbols, and the other group learned the associations between spatial order (horizontal positions on the screen) and the same set of symbols. Results revealed differentiated neural mechanisms underlying the learning processes of symbolic magnitude and spatial order. Compared to magnitude learning, spatial-order learning showed a later and reversed distance effect. Furthermore, an analysis of the order-priming effect showed that order was not inherent to the learning of magnitude. Results of this study showed a dissociation between magnitude and order, which supports the numerosity code hypothesis of mental representations of magnitude.
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- 2012
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8. Facilitating memory for novel characters by reducing neural repetition suppression in the left fusiform cortex.
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Gui Xue, Leilei Mei, Chuansheng Chen, Zhong-Lin Lu, Russell A Poldrack, and Qi Dong
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
The left midfusiform and adjacent regions have been implicated in processing and memorizing familiar words, yet its role in memorizing novel characters has not been well understood.Using functional MRI, the present study examined the hypothesis that the left midfusiform is also involved in memorizing novel characters and spaced learning could enhance the memory by enhancing the left midfusiform activity during learning. Nineteen native Chinese readers were scanned while memorizing the visual form of 120 Korean characters that were novel to the subjects. Each character was repeated four times during learning. Repetition suppression was manipulated by using two different repetition schedules: massed learning and spaced learning, pseudo-randomly mixed within the same scanning session. Under the massed learning condition, the four repetitions were consecutive (with a jittered inter-repetition interval to improve the design efficiency). Under the spaced learning condition, the four repetitions were interleaved with a minimal inter-repetition lag of 6 stimuli. Spaced learning significantly improved participants' performance during the recognition memory test administered one hour after the scan. Stronger left midfusiform and inferior temporal gyrus activities during learning (summed across four repetitions) were associated with better memory of the characters, based on both within- and cross-subjects analyses. Compared to massed learning, spaced learning significantly reduced neural repetition suppression and increased the overall activities in these regions, which were associated with better memory for novel characters.These results demonstrated a strong link between cortical activity in the left midfusiform and memory for novel characters, and thus challenge the visual word form area (VWFA) hypothesis. Our results also shed light on the neural mechanisms of the spacing effect in memorizing novel characters.
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- 2010
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9. Category-specific and category-general neural codes of recognition memory in the ventral visual pathway
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Lala Gu, Aqian Li, Rui Yang, Jiayi Yang, Yingdan Pang, Jing Qu, and Leilei Mei
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Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology - Published
- 2023
10. The depth of semantic processing modulates cross‐language pattern similarity in <scp>Chinese–English</scp> bilinguals
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Huiling Li, Ying Cao, Chuansheng Chen, Xiaoyu Liu, Shuo Zhang, and Leilei Mei
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Neurology ,Radiological and Ultrasound Technology ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Neurology (clinical) ,Anatomy - Abstract
Previous studies have investigated factors related to the degree of cross-language overlap in brain activations in bilinguals/multilinguals. However, it is still unclear whether and how the depth of semantic processing (a critical task-related factor) affects the neural pattern similarity between native and second languages. To address this question, 26 Chinese-English bilinguals were scanned with fMRI while performing a word naming task (i.e., a task with shallow semantic processing) and a semantic judgment task (i.e., a task with deep semantic processing) in both native and second languages. Based on three sets of representational similarity analysis (whole brain, ROI-based, and within-language vs. cross-language semantic representation), we found that select regions in the reading brain network showed higher cross-language pattern similarity and higher cross-language semantic representations during deep semantic processing than during shallow semantic processing. These results suggest that compared to shallow semantic processing, deep semantic processing may lead to greater language-independent processing (i.e., cross-language semantic representation) and cross-language pattern similarity, and provide direct quantitative neuroimaging evidence for cognitive models of bilingual lexical memory.
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- 2022
11. Task modulates the orthographic and phonological representations in the bilateral ventral Occipitotemporal cortex
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Jing Qu, Yingdan Pang, Xiaoyu Liu, Ying Cao, Chengmei Huang, and Leilei Mei
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Brain Mapping ,Behavioral Neuroscience ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,Pattern Recognition, Visual ,Reading ,Neurology ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,Humans ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Neurology (clinical) ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Temporal Lobe - Abstract
As a key area in word reading, the left ventral occipitotemporal cortex is proposed for abstract orthographic processing, and its middle part has even been labeled as the visual word form area. Because the definition of the VWFA largely varies and the reading task differs across studies, the function of the left ventral occipitotemporal cortex in word reading is continuingly debated on whether this region is specific for orthographic processing or be involved in an interactive framework. By using representational similarity analysis (RSA), this study examined information representation in the VWFA at the individual level and the modulatory effect of reading task. Twenty-four subjects were scanned while performing the explicit (i.e., the naming task) and implicit (i.e., the perceptual task) reading tasks. Activation analysis showed that the naming task elicited greater activation in regions related to phonological processing (e.g., the bilateral prefrontal cortex and temporoparietal cortex), while the perceptual task recruited greater activation in visual cortex and default mode network (e.g., the bilateral middle frontal gyrus, angular gyrus, and the right middle temporal gyrus). More importantly, RSA also showed that task modulated information representation in the bilateral anterior occipitotemporal cortex and VWFA. Specifically, ROI-based RSA revealed enhanced orthographic and phonological representations in the bilateral anterior fusiform cortex and VWFA in the naming task relative to the perceptual task. These results suggest that lexical representation in the VWFA is influenced by the demand of phonological processing, which supports the interactive account of the VWFA.
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- 2022
12. Neural similarities and differences between native and second languages in the bilateral fusiform cortex in Chinese-English bilinguals
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Xiaoyu Liu, Liyuan Hu, Jing Qu, Shuo Zhang, Xinqi Su, Aqian Li, and Leilei Mei
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Behavioral Neuroscience ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology - Abstract
In the field of bilingualism, researchers have proposed an assimilation hypothesis that posits that bilinguals apply the neural network of their native language to process their second language. In Chinese-English bilinguals, the bilateral fusiform gyrus has been identified as the key brain region showing the assimilation process. Specifically, in contrast to left-lateralized activation in the fusiform gyrus in native English speakers, Chinese-English bilinguals recruit the bilateral fusiform cortex to process English words as they do in the processing of Chinese characters. Nevertheless, it is unclear which type of information processing is assimilated in the fusiform gyrus. Using representational similarity analysis (RSA) and psychophysiological interaction (PPI) analysis, this study examined the differences in information representation and functional connectivity between both languages in the fusiform subregions in Chinese-English bilinguals. Univariate analysis revealed that both Chinese and English naming elicited strong activations in the bilateral fusiform gyrus, which confirmed the assimilation process at the activation intensity level. RSA indicated that the neural pattern of English phonological information was assimilated by Chinese in the anterior and middle right fusiform gyrus, while those of orthographic and visual form information were not. Further PPI analysis demonstrated that the neural representation of English phonological information in the right anterior fusiform subregion was related to its interaction with the frontotemporal areas for high-level linguistic processing, while the neural representation of English orthographic information in the right middle fusiform subregion was linked to its interaction with the left inferior occipital cortex for visual processing. These results suggest that, despite the recruitment of similar neural resources in one's native and second languages, the assimilation of information representation is limited in the bilateral fusiform cortex. Our results shed light on the neural mechanisms of second language processing.
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- 2022
13. Neural Representation in Visual Word Form Area during Word Reading
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Qingxin Yue, Leilei Mei, Ruilin Fu, Chengrou Lu, Huiling Li, and Jing Qu
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media_common.quotation_subject ,Representation (arts) ,computer.software_genre ,050105 experimental psychology ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Rule-based machine translation ,Reading (process) ,Classifier (linguistics) ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Visual Word ,Visual word form area ,media_common ,Visual word processing ,Word reading ,Brain Mapping ,business.industry ,General Neuroscience ,05 social sciences ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Reading ,Multivariate Analysis ,Visual Perception ,Artificial intelligence ,Psychology ,business ,computer ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Natural language processing - Abstract
The visual word form area (VWFA) has been consistently identified as a crucial structure in visual word processing. Nevertheless, it is controversial whether the VWFA represents external visual information (e.g., case information) of visual words. To address that question, we functionally localized VWFA at the group level (gVWFA) and at the individual level (iVWFA), and used multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) to explore the information representation in the VWFA during an implicit reading task (i.e., a passive viewing task). Univariate activation analysis revealed that participants showed stronger activations for uppercase English words compared to lowercase ones in the VWFA. MVPA further revealed that the classifier trained based on lowercase words versus letter strings significantly distinguished uppercase words versus letter strings in the iVWFA, while that trained based on lowercase words versus uppercase words distinguished lowercase letter strings versus uppercase letter strings neither in the gVWFA nor in the iVWFA. These results suggest that the VWFA does not represent case information, but represents case-independent linguistic information. Our findings elaborate the function in the VWFA and support the VWFA hypothesis.
- Published
- 2021
14. Neural representation of phonological information during Chinese character reading
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Aqian Li, Rui Yang, Jing Qu, Jie Dong, Lala Gu, and Leilei Mei
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Brain Mapping ,China ,Neurology ,Radiological and Ultrasound Technology ,Reading ,Humans ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Neurology (clinical) ,Anatomy ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Language - Abstract
Previous studies have revealed that phonological processing of Chinese characters elicited activation in the left prefrontal cortex, bilateral parietal cortex, and occipitotemporal regions. However, it is controversial what role the left middle frontal gyrus plays in Chinese character reading, and whether the core regions (e.g., the left superior temporal gyrus and supramarginal gyrus) for phonological processing of alphabetic languages are also involved in Chinese character reading. To address these questions, the present study used both univariate and multivariate analysis (i.e., representational similarity analysis, RSA) to explore neural representations of phonological information during Chinese character reading. Participants were scanned while performing a reading aloud task. Univariate activation analysis revealed a widely distributed network for word reading, including the bilateral inferior frontal gyrus, middle frontal gyrus, lateral temporal cortex, and occipitotemporal cortex. More importantly, RSA showed that the left prefrontal (i.e., the left middle frontal gyrus and left inferior frontal gyrus) and bilateral occipitotemporal areas (i.e., the left inferior and middle temporal gyrus and bilateral fusiform gyrus) represented phonological information of Chinese characters. These results confirmed the importance of the left middle frontal gyrus and regions in ventral pathway in representing phonological information of Chinese characters.
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- 2022
15. Language distance in orthographic transparency affects cross‐language pattern similarity between native and non‐native languages
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Aqian Li, Chuansheng Chen, Jie Dong, Jing Qu, Liyuan Hu, Yue Sun, Leilei Mei, and Nan Jiang
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Adult ,Male ,First language ,Multilingualism ,050105 experimental psychology ,Lateralization of brain function ,03 medical and health sciences ,Young Adult ,0302 clinical medicine ,Neurolinguistics ,pattern similarity ,Similarity (psychology) ,bilingual ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Language proficiency ,Research Articles ,Cerebral Cortex ,Brain Mapping ,Psycholinguistics ,Radiological and Ultrasound Technology ,05 social sciences ,fMRI ,Cognition ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Linguistics ,orthographic transparency ,Age of Acquisition ,Neurology ,Pattern Recognition, Visual ,Reading ,word reading ,Female ,Neurology (clinical) ,Anatomy ,Nerve Net ,Psychology ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Orthography ,Research Article - Abstract
How native and non‐native languages are represented in the brain is one of the most important questions in neurolinguistics. Much research has found that the similarity in neural activity of native and non‐native languages are influenced by factors such as age of acquisition, language proficiency, and language exposure in the non‐native language. Nevertheless, it is still unclear how the similarity between native and non‐native languages in orthographic transparency, a key factor that affects the cognitive and neural mechanisms of phonological access, modulates the cross‐language similarity in neural activation and which brain regions show the modulatory effects of language distance in orthographic transparency. To address these questions, the present study used representational similarity analysis (RSA) to precisely estimate the neural pattern similarity between native language and two non‐native languages in Uyghur‐Chinese‐English trilinguals, whose third language (i.e., English) was more similar to the native language (i.e., Uyghur) in orthography than to their second language (i.e., Chinese). Behavioral results revealed that subjects responded faster to words in the non‐native language with more similar orthography to their native language in the word naming task. More importantly, RSA revealed greater neural pattern similarity between Uyghur and English than between Uyghur and Chinese in select brain areas for phonological processing, especially in the left hemisphere. Further analysis confirmed that those brain regions represented phonological information. These results provide direct neuroimaging evidence for the modulatory effect of language distance in orthographic transparency on cross‐language pattern similarity between native and non‐native languages during word reading., Greater cross‐language pattern similarity was associated with a smaller language distance in orthographic transparency in brain areas for phonological processing, especially in the left hemisphere. Further analysis confirmed that those brain regions represented phonological information. This study provides direct neuroimaging evidence for the modulatory effect of language distance in orthographic transparency on cross‐language pattern similarity.
- Published
- 2020
16. Functional Dissociations of the Left Anterior and Posterior Occipitotemporal Cortex for Semantic and Non-semantic Phonological Access
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Chengrou Lu, Leilei Mei, Chuansheng Chen, Xiaoyu Liu, Huiling Li, and Jie Dong
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0301 basic medicine ,Word reading ,Brain Mapping ,Dissociation (neuropsychology) ,Fusiform gyrus ,General Neuroscience ,Functional connectivity ,Occipitotemporal cortex ,Psychophysiological Interaction ,Brain ,Inferior frontal gyrus ,Dissociative Disorders ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Semantics ,03 medical and health sciences ,030104 developmental biology ,0302 clinical medicine ,Reading ,Supramarginal gyrus ,Humans ,Psychology ,Neuroscience ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Previous studies have identified the ventral and dorsal brain regions that respectively support semantic and non-semantic phonological access. Nevertheless, the specific role of the left occipitotemporal cortex (lOTC) in the two pathways of phonological access is ambiguous. To address that question, the present study compared word reading in Chinese (presumably relying on the semantic pathway) with that in English (presumably relying on the non-semantic pathway). Results revealed a clear dissociation in the involvement of the anterior and posterior lOTC in semantic and non-semantic phonological access. Specifically, the anterior lOTC showed greater activation for Chinese than for English, whereas the posterior lOTC showed greater activation for English than for Chinese. More importantly, both psychophysiological interaction analysis and resting-state functional connectivity analysis showed that the anterior lOTC was functionally connected to the ventral brain regions (e.g., left anterior fusiform gyrus, anterior temporal lobe, and ventral inferior frontal gyrus), whereas the posterior lOTC was functionally connected to the dorsal brain regions (e.g., left posterior superior temporal gyrus, supramarginal gyrus, and dorsal inferior frontal gyrus). These results suggest that the anterior and posterior lOTC are involved in semantic and non-semantic phonological access, respectively.
- Published
- 2020
17. The contributions of the left hippocampus and bilateral inferior parietal lobule to form-meaning associative learning
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Rui Yang, Leilei Mei, Jie Dong, Jing Qu, Liyuan Hu, and Xiaoyu Liu
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Adult ,Male ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,education ,Word processing ,Inferior frontal gyrus ,Hippocampus ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,050105 experimental psychology ,03 medical and health sciences ,Young Adult ,0302 clinical medicine ,Developmental Neuroscience ,Parietal Lobe ,medicine ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Biological Psychiatry ,Anterior cingulate cortex ,Brain Mapping ,Neocortex ,Psycholinguistics ,Endocrine and Autonomic Systems ,General Neuroscience ,05 social sciences ,Association Learning ,Inferior parietal lobule ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Associative learning ,Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex ,Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Neurology ,Pattern Recognition, Visual ,Reading ,Female ,Psychology ,Neuroscience ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Existing studies have identified crucial roles for the hippocampus and a distributed set of cortical regions (e.g., the inferior parietal cortex) in learning novel words. Nevertheless, researchers have not clearly determined how the hippocampus and cortical regions dynamically interact during novel word learning, especially during form-meaning associative learning. As a method to address this question, we used an online learning paradigm and representational similarity analysis to explore the contributions of the hippocampus and neocortex to form-meaning associative learning. Twenty-nine native Chinese college students were recruited to learn 30 form-meaning pairs, which were repeated 7 times during fMRI scan. Form-meaning associative learning elicited activations in a wide neural network including regions required for word processing (i.e., the bilateral inferior frontal gyrus and the occipitotemporal cortex), regions required for encoding (i.e., the bilateral parahippocampus and hippocampus), and regions required for cognitive control (i.e., the anterior cingulate cortex and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex). More importantly, our study revealed the differential roles of the left hippocampus and bilateral inferior parietal lobule (IPL) in form-meaning associative learning. Specifically, higher pattern similarity in the bilateral IPL in the early learning phase (repetitions 1 to 3) was related to better learning performance, while higher pattern similarity in the left hippocampus in the late learning phase (repetitions 5 to 7) was associated with better learning performance. These findings indicate that the hippocampus and cortical regions (e.g., the IPL) contribute to form-meaning learning in different stages.
- Published
- 2021
18. Toward human intervention-free clinical diagnosis of intracranial aneurysm via deep neural network
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Qiping Guo, Feng Xu, Tianliang Shi, Xianchun Zeng, Yuchen Guo, Can Jin, Dan Liao, Wuchao Li, Dongxue Li, Bo Wu, Bo Zihao, Chao Huang, Hui Qiao, Rongpin Wang, Leilei Mei, Tiantian Liang, Lu Liu, Qionghai Dai, Chong Tian, Jun-Hai Yong, and Tijiang Zhang
- Subjects
lcsh:Computer software ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Subarachnoid hemorrhage ,Artificial neural network ,business.industry ,Deep learning ,General Decision Sciences ,deep learning ,medicine.disease ,intracranial aneurysm ,Article ,Aneurysm ,lcsh:QA76.75-76.765 ,Computer-aided diagnosis ,Intervention (counseling) ,Clinical diagnosis ,Medicine ,Segmentation ,computer-aided diagnosis ,Radiology ,Artificial intelligence ,business - Abstract
Summary Intracranial aneurysm (IA) is an enormous threat to human health, which often results in nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage or dismal prognosis. Diagnosing IAs on commonly used computed tomographic angiography (CTA) examinations remains laborious and time consuming, leading to error-prone results in clinical practice, especially for small targets. In this study, we propose a fully automatic deep-learning model for IA segmentation that can be applied to CTA images. Our model, called Global Localization-based IA Network (GLIA-Net), can incorporate the global localization prior and generates the fine-grain three-dimensional segmentation. GLIA-Net is trained and evaluated on a big internal dataset (1,338 scans from six institutions) and two external datasets. Evaluations show that our model exhibits good tolerance to different settings and achieves superior performance to other models. A clinical experiment further demonstrates the clinical utility of our technique, which helps radiologists in the diagnosis of IAs., Highlights • GLIA-Net is a deep learning method for the clinical diagnosis of IAs • It can be applied directly to CTA images without any laborious preprocessing • A clinical study demonstrates its effectiveness in assisting diagnosis • An IA dataset of 1,338 CTA cases from six institutions is publicly released, The bigger picture Intracranial aneurysms (IAs) are enormous threats to human health with a prevalence of approximately 4%. The rupture of IAs usually causes death or severe damage to the patients. To enhance the clinical diagnosis of IAs, we present a deep learning model (GLIA-Net) for IA detection and segmentation without laborious human intervention, which achieves superior diagnostic performance validated by quantitative evaluations as well as a sophisticated clinical study. We anticipate that the publicly released data and the artificial intelligence technique would help to transform the clinical diagnostics and precision treatments of cerebrovascular diseases. They may also revolutionize the landscape of healthcare and biomedical research in the future., Intracranial aneurysm (IA) diagnosis on CTA images is laborious and time consuming in clinical routine. By combining global risk prediction with local IA recognition, the proposed GLIA-Net can robustly and efficiently assist radiologists in clinical practice without any pre- or postprocessing. The state-of-the-art performance has been validated via a multi-cohort dataset, which has been publicly released to democratize deep learning algorithms for biomedical research.
- Published
- 2021
19. The emotional adaptation aftereffect discriminates between individuals with high and low levels of depressive symptoms
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Ruilin Fu, Nan Jiang, Yuzhou Zhang, Leilei Mei, Huiling Li, and Chuansheng Chen
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genetic structures ,Depression ,Emotions ,Dyslexia ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,Adaptation (eye) ,Cognition ,Emotional Adjustment ,medicine.disease ,Developmental psychology ,Facial Expression ,body regions ,Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) ,Figural Aftereffect ,Learning disability ,Cognitive adaptation ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,medicine ,Autism ,Humans ,Emotional facial expression ,medicine.symptom ,Psychology ,Depressive symptoms - Abstract
The adaptation aftereffect plays a critical role in human development and survival. Existing studies have found that, compared with general individuals, individuals with learning disability, autism and dyslexia show a smaller amount of non-affective-based cognitive adaptation aftereffect. Nevertheless, it is unclear whether individuals with depression or depression tendency show similar phenomenon in the adaptation aftereffect, and whether such depression tendency occurs in the non-affective-based cognitive or emotional adaptation aftereffect. To address this question, the present study conducted two experiments. Experiments 1A and 1B used the emotional facial expression adaptation paradigm to examine whether Chinese participants showed the emotional adaptation aftereffect and whether the emotional adaptation aftereffect was influenced by physical features of faces, respectively. Experiment 2 recruited two groups of participants, with high and low depression, respectively, to examine whether they showed differences in the emotional or cognitive adaptation aftereffect. Results showed that Chinese participants showed the typical emotional adaptation aftereffect, which was not influenced by physical features of faces. More importantly, compared to the low-depression group, the high-depression group showed a smaller emotional adaptation aftereffect, but the two groups showed a similar cognitive adaptation aftereffect. These results suggest that level of depressive symptoms is associated with the emotional adaptation aftereffect.
- Published
- 2021
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20. Similar activation patterns in the bilateral dorsal inferior frontal gyrus for monolingual and bilingual contexts in second language production
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Jing Qu, Rui Yang, Leilei Mei, Huiling Li, and Xiaoyu Liu
- Subjects
Cognitive Neuroscience ,Inferior frontal gyrus ,Prefrontal Cortex ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,Context (language use) ,Multilingualism ,050105 experimental psychology ,03 medical and health sciences ,Behavioral Neuroscience ,0302 clinical medicine ,Similarity (psychology) ,medicine ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Control (linguistics) ,Anterior cingulate cortex ,Language ,Brain Mapping ,Language production ,05 social sciences ,Cognition ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Psychology ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Cognitive psychology - Abstract
Language production is a vital process of communication. Although many studies have devoted to the neural mechanisms of language production in bilinguals, they mainly focused on the mechanisms of cognitive control during language switching. Therefore, it is not clear how naming context influences the neural representations of linguistic information during language production in bilinguals. To address that question, the present study adopted representational similarity analysis (RSA) to investigate the neural pattern similarity (PS) between the monolingual and bilingual contexts separately for native and second languages. Consistent with previous findings, bilinguals behaviorally performed worse, and showed greater activation in brain regions for cognitive control including the anterior cingulate cortex and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in the bilingual context relative to the monolingual context. More importantly, RSA revealed that bilinguals exhibited similar neural activation patterns in the bilateral dorsal inferior frontal gyrus between the monolingual and bilingual contexts in the production of the second language. Moreover, higher cross-context PS in the right inferior frontal gyrus was associated with smaller differences in naming speed of second language between the monolingual and bilingual contexts. These results suggest that similar linguistic representations are encoded for the monolingual and bilingual contexts in the production of non-dominant language.
- Published
- 2020
21. Lexical learning in a new language leads to neural pattern similarity with word reading in native language
- Author
-
Lei Zhang, Leilei Mei, Chuansheng Chen, Huiling Li, Jing Qu, Chengrou Lu, Yanjun Chen, and Gui Xue
- Subjects
Male ,Computer science ,First language ,Multilingualism ,computer.software_genre ,language learning ,Task (project management) ,second language ,0302 clinical medicine ,pattern similarity ,Reading (process) ,native language ,Research Articles ,media_common ,Cerebral Cortex ,Psycholinguistics ,Radiological and Ultrasound Technology ,fMRI ,05 social sciences ,Experimental Psychology ,Language acquisition ,Pattern Recognition, Visual ,Neurology ,Mental health ,Cognitive Sciences ,Female ,Anatomy ,Visual ,Natural language processing ,Adult ,Adolescent ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Decision Making ,education ,Pattern Recognition ,Basic Behavioral and Social Science ,050105 experimental psychology ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,Neuroimaging ,Clinical Research ,Behavioral and Social Science ,Similarity (psychology) ,Humans ,Learning ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,business.industry ,Neurosciences ,Univariate ,Quality Education ,Constructed language ,Reading ,Neurology (clinical) ,Artificial intelligence ,Nerve Net ,business ,computer ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Previous neuroimaging studies have suggested similar neural activations for word reading in native and second languages. However, such similarities were qualitatively determined (i.e., overlapping activation based on traditional univariate activation analysis). In this study, using representational similarity analysis and an artificial language training paradigm, we quantitatively computed cross-language neural pattern similarity to examine the modulatory effect of proficiency in the new language. Twenty-four native Chinese speakers were trained to learn 30 words in a logographic artificial language for 12 days and scanned while performing a semantic decision task after 4-day training and after 12-day training. Results showed that higher proficiency in the new language was associated with higher cross-language pattern similarity in select regions of the reading network.
- Published
- 2018
22. Functional laterality of the anterior and posterior occipitotemporal cortex is affected by language experience and processing strategy, respectively
- Author
-
Leilei Mei, Kangli Ying, Qiulan Wu, Yue Sun, Xiaoyu Liu, and Aqian Li
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,Occipitotemporal cortex ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,Affect (psychology) ,050105 experimental psychology ,Lateralization of brain function ,Functional Laterality ,03 medical and health sciences ,Behavioral Neuroscience ,Young Adult ,0302 clinical medicine ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Hangul ,Language ,Brain Mapping ,05 social sciences ,Functional lateralization ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Temporal Lobe ,Pattern Recognition, Visual ,Reading ,Practice, Psychological ,Laterality ,Female ,Occipital Lobe ,Chinese characters ,Language Experience Approach ,Psychology ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Cognitive psychology - Abstract
Both language experience and processing strategy have been found to affect functional lateralization of the ventral occipitotemporal cortex (vOT). In this study, we adopted a factorial design to investigate the effects of language experience and processing strategy on functional lateralization of different vOT subregions in the processing of familiar (Chinese characters) and unfamiliar characters (Korean Hangul characters) in logographic writings. The processing strategy was manipulated by using part- and whole-based judgement tasks to induce part- and whole-based processing, respectively. The results showed that language experience enhanced neural responses in the anterior and middle vOT subregions, whereas part-based processing enhanced neural activations in the middle and posterior vOT subregions. More importantly, increased neural activations in the left hemisphere induced by language experience and part-based processing resulted in left laterality of the anterior and posterior vOT subregions, respectively, in the processing of logographic characters. These results suggested that functional lateralization of the anterior and posterior vOT subregions were respectively affected by language experience and processing strategy.
- Published
- 2018
23. The effects of word concreteness on cross-language neural pattern similarity during semantic categorization
- Author
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Huiling Li, Yumin Liang, Yue Sun, Nan Jiang, Leilei Mei, and Jing Qu
- Subjects
Linguistics and Language ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,05 social sciences ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,Concreteness ,Representational similarity analysis ,050105 experimental psychology ,03 medical and health sciences ,Nonverbal communication ,0302 clinical medicine ,Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) ,Categorization ,Left prefrontal cortex ,Similarity (psychology) ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Psychology ,Sensorimotor cortex ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Word (group theory) ,Cognitive psychology - Abstract
Previous behavioral studies have suggested that word concreteness affects the similarity of semantic representations between native and second languages. However, it is unclear whether and how word concreteness influences the cross-language similarity in neural representations. In the present study, we quantified the neural pattern similarity between native and second languages by using representational similarity analysis, and examined the modulatory effect of word concreteness on cross-language similarity in neural representations. Twenty-six Chinese-English bilinguals performed a semantic decision task during fMRI scan. Results showed that concrete and abstract words elicited stronger activation in the right sensorimotor cortex for nonverbal processing and the left prefrontal cortex for verbal processing, respectively. Consistently, representational similarity analysis revealed that concrete and abstract words showed higher cross-language neural pattern similarity in those brain regions for nonverbal and verbal processing, respectively. More importantly, we found that the left middle temporal gyrus contained item-specific cross-language semantic representations for abstract words. These results suggest that word concreteness plays an important role in influencing cross-language similarity in neural representations.
- Published
- 2021
24. The contributions of the left fusiform subregions to successful encoding of novel words
- Author
-
Leilei Mei, Kangli Ying, Huiling Li, Qingxin Yue, Yumin Liang, and Lei Zhang
- Subjects
Brain activity and meditation ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,Memory performance ,050105 experimental psychology ,Memorization ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) ,Memory ,Encoding (memory) ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Visual Word ,Recognition memory ,Fusiform cortex ,Brain Mapping ,05 social sciences ,Brain ,Recognition, Psychology ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology ,Psychology ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Word (group theory) ,Cognitive psychology - Abstract
The left fusiform cortex has been identified as a crucial structure in visual word learning and memory. Nevertheless, the specific roles of the fusiform subregions in word memory and their consistency across different writings have not been elaborated. To address these questions, the present study performed two experiments, in which study-test paradigm was used. Participants' brain activity was measured with fMRI while memorizing novel logographic words in Experiment 1 and novel alphabetic words in Experiment 2. A post-scan recognition memory test was then administered to acquire the memory performance. Results showed that, neural responses in the left anterior and middle fusiform subregions during encoding were positively correlated with recognition memory of novel words. Moreover, the positive brain-behavior correlations in the left anterior and middle fusiform cortex were evident for both logographic and alphabetic writings. The present findings clarify the relationship between the left fusiform subregions and novel word memory.
- Published
- 2021
25. Learning to read words in a new language shapes the neural organization of the prior languages
- Author
-
Leilei Mei, Gui Xue, Qinghua He, Chuansheng Chen, Miao Wei, Mingxia Zhang, Qi Dong, and Zhong-Lin Lu
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,1.2 Psychological and socioeconomic processes ,1.1 Normal biological development and functioning ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,First language ,Multilingualism ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,Basic Behavioral and Social Science ,Article ,Young Adult ,Behavioral Neuroscience ,Clinical Research ,Underpinning research ,Behavioral and Social Science ,Learning to read ,Humans ,Learning ,Psychology ,Cross-script interaction ,Language ,Cerebral Cortex ,Lexical learning ,fMRI ,Neurosciences ,Experimental Psychology ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Second-language acquisition ,Linguistics ,Semantics ,Quality Education ,Constructed language ,Language transfer ,Reading ,Neurological ,Developmental linguistics ,Female ,Mental health ,Cognitive Sciences ,Natural language - Abstract
Learning a new language entails interactions with one׳s prior language(s). Much research has shown how native language affects the cognitive and neural mechanisms of a new language, but little is known about whether and how learning a new language shapes the neural mechanisms of prior language(s). In two experiments in the current study, we used an artificial language training paradigm in combination with an fMRI to examine (1) the effects of different linguistic components (phonology and semantics) of a new language on the neural process of prior languages (i.e., native and second languages), and (2) whether such effects were modulated by the proficiency level in the new language. Results of Experiment 1 showed that when the training in a new language involved semantics (as opposed to only visual forms and phonology), neural activity during word reading in the native language (Chinese) was reduced in several reading-related regions, including the left pars opercularis, pars triangularis, bilateral inferior temporal gyrus, fusiform gyrus, and inferior occipital gyrus. Results of Experiment 2 replicated the results of Experiment 1 and further found that semantic training also affected neural activity during word reading in the subjects׳ second language (English). Furthermore, we found that the effects of the new language were modulated by the subjects׳ proficiency level in the new language. These results provide critical imaging evidence for the influence of learning to read words in a new language on word reading in native and second languages.
- Published
- 2014
26. Neural Pattern Similarity in the Left IFG and Fusiform Is Associated with Novel Word Learning
- Author
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Chuansheng Chen, Gui Xue, Huiling Li, Leilei Mei, Jing Qu, Peng Xie, and Liu Qian
- Subjects
media_common.quotation_subject ,Speech recognition ,education ,050105 experimental psychology ,individual difference ,Task (project management) ,lcsh:RC321-571 ,03 medical and health sciences ,Word learning ,Behavioral Neuroscience ,0302 clinical medicine ,Similarity (network science) ,reading ,Reading (process) ,pattern similarity ,language training ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,lcsh:Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,Biological Psychiatry ,media_common ,Original Research ,Fusiform gyrus ,05 social sciences ,fMRI ,Experimental Psychology ,Language acquisition ,Constructed language ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology ,Neurology ,Psychology ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Word (computer architecture) ,Neuroscience - Abstract
Previous studies have revealed that greater neural pattern similarity across repetitions is associated with better subsequent memory. In this study, we used an artificial language training paradigm and representational similarity analysis to examine whether neural pattern similarity across repetitions before training was associated with post-training behavioral performance. Twenty-four native Chinese speakers were trained to learn a logographic artificial language for 12 days and behavioral performance was recorded using the word naming and picture naming tasks. Participants were scanned while performing a passive viewing task before training, after 4-day training and after 12-day training. Results showed that pattern similarity in the left pars opercularis (PO) and fusiform gyrus (FG) before training was negatively associated with reaction time (RT) in both word naming and picture naming tasks after training. These results suggest that neural pattern similarity is an effective neurofunctional predictor of novel word learning in addition to word memory.
- Published
- 2017
27. Orthographic transparency modulates the functional asymmetry in the fusiform cortex: An artificial language training study
- Author
-
Zhong-Lin Lu, Qinghua He, Chuansheng Chen, Mingxia Zhang, Feng Xue, Leilei Mei, Qi Dong, and Gui Xue
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Linguistics and Language ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,Functional Laterality ,Article ,Language and Linguistics ,Young Adult ,Speech and Hearing ,Reading (process) ,Humans ,media_common ,Cerebral Cortex ,Brain Mapping ,Fusiform gyrus ,Phonology ,Language acquisition ,Visual appearance ,Temporal Lobe ,Semantics ,Constructed language ,Pattern Recognition, Visual ,Reading ,Laterality ,Language Therapy ,Female ,Psychology ,Orthography ,Cognitive psychology - Abstract
The laterality difference in the occipitotemporal region between Chinese (bilaterality) and alphabetic languages (left laterality) has been attributed to their difference in visual appearance. However, these languages also differ in orthographic transparency. To disentangle the effect of orthographic transparency from visual appearance, we trained subjects to read the same artificial script either as an alphabetic (i.e., transparent orthography) or a logographic (i.e., nontransparent orthography) language. Consistent with our previous results, both types of phonological training enhanced activations in the left fusiform gyrus. More interestingly, the laterality in the fusiform gyrus (especially the posterior region) was modulated by the orthographic transparency of the artificial script (more left-lateralized activation after alphabetic training than after logographic training). These results provide an alternative account (i.e., orthographic transparency) for the laterality difference between Chinese and alphabetic languages, and may have important implications for the role of the fusiform in reading.
- Published
- 2013
28. How age of acquisition influences brain architecture in bilinguals
- Author
-
Richard M. Leahy, Zhong-Lin Lu, Rachel L. Beattie, Chuansheng Chen, Qi Dong, Franklin R. Manis, Suzanne M. Houston, Feng Xue, Miao Wei, David W. Shattuck, Mingxia Zhang, Anand A. Joshi, Leilei Mei, Gui Xue, and Qinghua He
- Subjects
Linguistics and Language ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,Speech recognition ,Contrast (statistics) ,Inferior frontal gyrus ,Posterior parietal cortex ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,Audiology ,computer.software_genre ,Article ,Age of Acquisition ,Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) ,Second language ,Voxel ,Current theory ,medicine ,Psychology ,computer ,Right superior parietal lobule - Abstract
© 2015 Elsevier Ltd. In the present study, we explored how Age of Acquisition (AoA) of L2 affected brain structures in bilingual individuals. Thirty-six native English speakers who were bilingual were scanned with high resolution MRI. After MRI signal intensity inhomogeneity correction, we applied both voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and surface-based morphometry (SBM) approaches to the data. VBM analysis was performed using FSL's standard VBM processing pipeline. For the SBM analysis, we utilized a semi-automated sulci delineation procedure, registered the brains to an atlas, and extracted measures of twenty four pre-selected regions of interest. We addressed three questions: (1) Which areas are more susceptible to differences in AoA? (2) How do AoA, proficiency and current level of exposure work together in predicting structural differences in the brain? And (3) What is the direction of the effect of AoA on regional volumetric and surface measures? Both VBM and SBM results suggested that earlier second language exposure was associated with larger volumes in the right parietal cortex. Consistently, SBM showed that the cortical area of the right superior parietal lobule increased as AoA decreased. In contrast, in the right pars orbitalis of the inferior frontal gyrus, AoA, proficiency, and current level of exposure are equally important in accounting for the structural differences. We interpret our results in terms of current theory and research on the effects of L2 learning on brain structures and functions.
- Published
- 2016
29. It's a word: Early electrophysiological response to the character likeness of pictographs
- Author
-
Gui Xue, Ting Jiang, Hongmin Yang, Chuansheng Chen, Qi Dong, Leilei Mei, and Mingxia Zhang
- Subjects
Communication ,Visual perception ,Endocrine and Autonomic Systems ,business.industry ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,General Neuroscience ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,Degree (music) ,Electrophysiology ,Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology ,Character (mathematics) ,Developmental Neuroscience ,Neurology ,Degree of similarity ,Chinese characters ,Psychology ,business ,Biological Psychiatry ,Word (group theory) - Abstract
Using unfamiliar and meaningless pictographs that varied in their degree of similarity to Chinese characters, the current study tested whether the early electrophysiological response was modulated by character likeness. We measured P100 and N170 while 20 native Chinese speakers were viewing Chinese characters, drawings of objects, and pictographs. Comparisons across the three categories of stimuli showed that pictographs elicited a smaller N170 amplitude than did Chinese characters and a stronger N170 amplitude than did objects, but did not differ in the P100 amplitude from the other two categories. Within the category of pictographs, stimuli with a higher degree of character likeness elicited larger N170 amplitudes and shorter N170 peak latencies, and this effect was again not observed in P100. These results suggest that N170 is sensitive to visual stimuli's character likeness even though they are unfamiliar pictographs with no meanings or sounds.
- Published
- 2010
30. The 'visual word form area' is involved in successful memory encoding of both words and faces
- Author
-
Qi Dong, Feng Xue, Chuansheng Chen, Leilei Mei, Gui Xue, and Mingxia Zhang
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Time Factors ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,Neuropsychological Tests ,Article ,Memorization ,Young Adult ,Visual memory ,Memory ,Humans ,Learning ,Visual short-term memory ,Visual Word ,Visual word form area ,Episodic memory ,Language ,Recognition memory ,Cerebral Cortex ,Recognition, Psychology ,Fusiform face area ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Pattern Recognition, Visual ,Reading ,Neurology ,Face ,Female ,Psychology ,Photic Stimulation ,Cognitive psychology - Abstract
Previous studies have identified the critical role of the left fusiform cortex in visual word form processing, learning, and memory. However, this so-called visual word form area’s (VWFA) other functions are not clear. In this study, we used fMRI and the subsequent memory paradigm to examine whether the putative VWFA was involved in the processing and successful memory encoding of faces as well as words. Twenty-two native Chinese speakers were recruited to memorize the visual forms of faces and Chinese words. Episodic memory for the studied material was tested 3 h after the scan with a recognition test. The fusiform face area (FFA) and the VWFA were functionally defined using separate localizer tasks. We found that, both within and across subjects, stronger activity in the VWFA was associated with better recognition memory of both words and faces. Furthermore, activation in the VWFA did not differ significantly during the encoding of faces and words. Our results revealed the important role of the so-called VWFA in face processing and memory and supported the view that the left mid-fusiform cortex plays a general role in the successful processing and memory of different types of visual objects (i.e., not limited to visual word forms).
- Published
- 2010
31. Corrigendum to 'Long-term experience with Chinese language shapes the fusiform asymmetry of English reading' [NeuroImage 110 (2015) 3–10]
- Author
-
Qinghua He, Chuansheng Chen, Leilei Mei, Gui Xue, Qi Dong, Zhong-Lin Lu, and Miao Wei
- Subjects
business.industry ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,media_common.quotation_subject ,computer.software_genre ,Asymmetry ,Linguistics ,Term (time) ,Neurology ,Reading (process) ,Chinese language ,Artificial intelligence ,Psychology ,business ,computer ,Natural language processing ,media_common - Published
- 2017
32. Corrigendum to 'Native language experience shapes neural basis of addressed and assembled phonologies' [Neuroimage 114 (2015) 38–48]
- Author
-
Mingxia Zhang, Qinghua He, Leilei Mei, Zhong-Lin Lu, Gui Xue, Qi Dong, Chuansheng Chen, and Miao Wei
- Subjects
Neurology ,Basis (linear algebra) ,Computer science ,business.industry ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,First language ,Artificial intelligence ,business ,Article - Abstract
Previous studies have suggested differential engagement of addressed and assembled phonologies in reading Chinese and alphabetic languages (e.g., English) and the modulatory role of native language in learning to read a second language. However, it is not clear whether native language experience shapes the neural mechanisms of addressed and assembled phonologies. To address this question, we trained native Chinese and native English speakers to read the same artificial language (based on Korean Hangul) either through addressed (i.e., whole-word mapping) or assembled (i.e., grapheme-to-phoneme mapping) phonology. We found that, for both native Chinese and native English speakers, addressed phonology relied on the regions in the ventral pathway, whereas assembled phonology depended on the regions in the dorsal pathway. More importantly, we found that the neural mechanisms of addressed and assembled phonologies were shaped by native language experience. Specifically, two key regions for addressed phonology (i.e., the left middle temporal gyrus and right inferior temporal gyrus) showed greater activation for addressed phonology in native Chinese speakers, while one key region for assembled phonology (i.e., the left supramarginal gyrus) showed more activation for assembled phonology in native English speakers. These results provide direct neuroimaging evidence for the effect of native language experience on the neural mechanisms of phonological access in a new language and support the assimilation-accommodation hypothesis.
- Published
- 2017
33. Long-Term Experience with Chinese Language Shapes the Fusiform Asymmetry of English Reading
- Author
-
Gui Xue, Chuansheng Chen, Qi Dong, Zhong-Lin Lu, Qinghua He, Miao Wei, and Leilei Mei
- Subjects
Male ,Image Processing ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,First language ,media_common.quotation_subject ,education ,Multilingualism ,Medical and Health Sciences ,behavioral disciplines and activities ,Functional Laterality ,Article ,Young Adult ,Computer-Assisted ,Asian People ,Reading (process) ,Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ,Humans ,Chinese language ,Cross-language influence ,media_common ,Language ,Second language ,Fusiform cortex ,Cerebral Cortex ,Communication ,Neurology & Neurosurgery ,Fusiform gyrus ,business.industry ,fMRI ,Psychology and Cognitive Sciences ,Native language ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Linguistics ,Neurology ,Reading ,nervous system ,Laterality ,Right posterior ,behavior and behavior mechanisms ,Female ,Bilingual ,business ,Psychology ,psychological phenomena and processes - Abstract
Previous studies have suggested differential engagement of the bilateral fusiform gyrus in the processing of Chinese and English. The present study tested the possibility that long-term experience with Chinese language affects the fusiform laterality of English reading by comparing three samples: Chinese speakers, English speakers with Chinese experience, and English speakers without Chinese experience. We found that, when reading words in their respective native language, Chinese and English speakers without Chinese experience differed in functional laterality of the posterior fusiform region (right laterality for Chinese speakers, but left laterality for English speakers). More importantly, compared with English speakers without Chinese experience, English speakers with Chinese experience showed more recruitment of the right posterior fusiform cortex for English words and pseudowords, which is similar to how Chinese speakers processed Chinese. These results suggest that long-term experience with Chinese shapes the fusiform laterality of English reading and have important implications for our understanding of the cross-language influences in terms of neural organization and of the functions of different fusiform subregions in reading.
- Published
- 2015
34. Language-general and -specific white matter microstructural bases for reading
- Author
-
Hongli Xue, Zhong-Lin Lu, Miao Wei, Leilei Mei, Jin Li, Mingxia Zhang, Qinghua He, Qi Dong, Gui Xue, and Chuansheng Chen
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Adolescent ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,Uncinate fasciculus ,Corpus callosum ,behavioral disciplines and activities ,Basic Behavioral and Social Science ,Medical and Health Sciences ,Article ,Lateralization of brain function ,White matter ,Young Adult ,Fractional anisotropy ,Fasciculus ,Behavioral and Social Science ,medicine ,Humans ,Neurology & Neurosurgery ,biology ,Superior longitudinal fasciculus ,Psychology and Cognitive Sciences ,Neurosciences ,Brain ,biology.organism_classification ,White Matter ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Diffusion Tensor Imaging ,nervous system ,Neurology ,Reading ,Neurological ,Anisotropy ,Biomedical Imaging ,Female ,Psychology ,Neuroscience ,Diffusion MRI ,Cognitive psychology - Abstract
In the past decade, several studies have investigated language-general and -specific brain regions for reading. However, very limited research has examined the white matter that connects these cortical regions. By using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), the current study investigated the common and divergent relationship between white matter integrity indexed by fractional anisotropy (FA) and native language reading abilities in 89 Chinese and 93 English speakers. Conjunction analysis revealed that for both groups, reading ability was associated with the FA of seven white matter fiber bundles in two main anatomical locations in the left hemisphere: the dorsal corona radiate/corpus callosum/superior longitudinal fasciculus which might be for phonological access, and the ventral uncinate fasciculus/external capsule/inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus which might be for semantic processing. Contrast analysis showed that the FA of the left temporal part of superior longitudinal fasciculus contributed more to reading in English than in Chinese, which is consistent with the notion that this tract is involved in grapheme-to-phoneme conversion for alphabetic language reading. These results are the first evidence of language-general and -specific white matter microstructural bases for reading. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
- Published
- 2014
35. Native language experience shapes neural basis of addressed and assembled phonologies
- Author
-
Chuansheng Chen, Zhong-Lin Lu, Qinghua He, Leilei Mei, Miao Wei, Qi Dong, Gui Xue, and Mingxia Zhang
- Subjects
Adult ,Cross-Cultural Comparison ,Male ,Computer science ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,media_common.quotation_subject ,First language ,Multilingualism ,Young Adult ,Phonetics ,Reading (process) ,Learning to read ,Humans ,Learning ,media_common ,Hangul ,Communication ,Brain Mapping ,business.industry ,Brain ,Phonology ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Linguistics ,Constructed language ,Neurology ,Reading ,Female ,business - Abstract
© 2015 Elsevier Inc. Previous studies have suggested differential engagement of addressed and assembled phonologies in reading Chinese and alphabetic languages (e.g., English) and the modulatory role of native language in learning to read a second language. However, it is not clear whether native language experience shapes the neural mechanisms of addressed and assembled phonologies. To address this question, we trained native Chinese and native English speakers to read the same artificial language (based on Korean Hangul) either through addressed (i.e., whole-word mapping) or assembled (i.e., grapheme-to-phoneme mapping) phonology. We found that, for both native Chinese and native English speakers, addressed phonology relied on the regions in the ventral pathway, whereas assembled phonology depended on the regions in the dorsal pathway. More importantly, we found that the neural mechanisms of addressed and assembled phonologies were shaped by native language experience. Specifically, one key region for addressed phonology (i.e., the left middle temporal gyrus) showed greater activation for addressed phonology in native Chinese speakers, while one key region for assembled phonology (i.e., the left supramarginal gyrus) showed more activation for assembled phonology in native English speakers. These results provide direct neuroimaging evidence for the effect of native language experience on the neural mechanisms of phonological access in a new language and support the assimilation-accommodation hypothesis.
- Published
- 2014
36. Artificial Language Training Reveals the Neural Substrates Underlying Addressed and Assembled Phonologies
- Author
-
Gui Xue, Zhong-Lin Lu, Qinghua He, Feng Xue, Leilei Mei, Chuansheng Chen, Qi Dong, Miao Wei, and Mingxia Zhang
- Subjects
Cingulate cortex ,Male ,Middle temporal gyrus ,fmri ,lcsh:Medicine ,Social Sciences ,Social and Behavioral Sciences ,Supramarginal gyrus ,Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Parietal Lobe ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Psychology ,lcsh:Science ,Language ,Brain Mapping ,Multidisciplinary ,Life Sciences ,Phonology ,dual-route ,Temporal Lobe ,Frontal Lobe ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,cerebral-cortex ,Female ,Research Article ,metaanalysis ,Adult ,brain ,pseudowords ,Inferior frontal gyrus ,Neuroimaging ,Biology ,Gyrus Cinguli ,Angular gyrus ,Mental Health and Psychiatry ,medicine ,Learning ,Humans ,Anterior cingulate cortex ,lcsh:R ,Cognitive Psychology ,Biology and Life Sciences ,reading aloud ,Linguistics ,functional-anatomy ,visual word recognition ,kana words ,Reading ,Posterior cingulate ,Cognitive Science ,lcsh:Q ,Neuroscience - Abstract
Although behavioral and neuropsychological studies have suggested two distinct routes of phonological access, their neural substrates have not been clearly elucidated. Here, we designed an artificial language (based on Korean Hangul) that can be read either through addressed (i.e., whole word mapping) or assembled (i.e., grapheme-to-phoneme mapping) phonology. Two matched groups of native English-speaking participants were trained in one of the two conditions, one hour per day for eight days. Behavioral results showed that both groups correctly named more than 90% of the trained words after training. At the neural level, we found a clear dissociation of the neural pathways for addressed and assembled phonologies: There was greater involvement of the anterior cingulate cortex, posterior cingulate cortex, right orbital frontal cortex, angular gyrus and middle temporal gyrus for addressed phonology, but stronger activation in the left precentral gyrus/inferior frontal gyrus and supramarginal gyrus for assembled phonology. Furthermore, we found evidence supporting the strategy-shift hypothesis, which postulates that, with practice, reading strategy shifts from assembled to addressed phonology. Specifically, compared to untrained words, trained words in the assembled phonology group showed stronger activation in the addressed phonology network and less activation in the assembled phonology network. Our results provide clear brain-imaging evidence for the dual-route models of reading. © 2014 Mei et al.
- Published
- 2014
37. Resting-state functional connectivity and reading abilities in first and second languages
- Author
-
Qi Dong, Chuansheng Chen, Qinghua He, Jin Li, Hongli Xue, Mingxia Zhang, Chunhui Chen, Zhong-Lin Lu, Miao Wei, Feng Xue, Gui Xue, and Leilei Mei
- Subjects
Male ,China ,Adolescent ,First and second languages ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Rest ,Multilingualism ,Basic Behavioral and Social Science ,Medical and Health Sciences ,Brain mapping ,Article ,Resting-state ,Functional connectivity ,Young Adult ,The reading network ,Reading (process) ,Behavioral and Social Science ,Neural Pathways ,Task Performance and Analysis ,Humans ,Effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive performance ,Default mode network ,media_common ,Brain Mapping ,Neurology & Neurosurgery ,Fusiform gyrus ,Resting state fMRI ,Postcentral gyrus ,Psychology and Cognitive Sciences ,Brain ,Inferior parietal lobule ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Reading ability ,Neurology ,England ,Reading ,Female ,Nerve Net ,Psychology ,Comprehension ,Cognitive psychology - Abstract
An intriguing discovery in recent years is that resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) is associated with cognitive performance. The current study investigated whether RSFC within the reading network was correlated with Chinese adults' reading abilities in their native language (L1, Chinese) and second language (L2, English). Results showed that RSFC within the reading network was positively correlated to reading abilities in L1 and L2, and RSFC between reading areas and the default network was negatively correlated to reading abilities in L1 and L2. Further conjunction and contrast analyses revealed that L1 and L2 shared similar RSFC correlates including connectivities between the areas for visual analysis (e.g., bilateral posterior fusiform gyrus, lateral occipital cortices, and right superior parietal lobules) and those for phonological processing (e.g., bilateral precentral gyri and postcentral gyrus, Wernicke's area). These results indicate that RSFC is a potential neural marker for reading abilities in both L1 and L2, with important theoretical implications for reading in L1 and L2.
- Published
- 2013
38. The contribution of the left mid-fusiform cortical thickness to Chinese and English reading in a large Chinese sample
- Author
-
Mingxia Zhang, Jin Li, Qinghua He, Gui Xue, Zhong-Lin Lu, Qi Dong, Leilei Mei, Chuansheng Chen, Chunhui Chen, and Miao Wei
- Subjects
Male ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Brain mapping ,behavioral disciplines and activities ,Article ,Young Adult ,Gyrus ,Asian People ,Functional neuroimaging ,Cortex (anatomy) ,Reading (process) ,Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted ,medicine ,Humans ,Association (psychology) ,media_common ,Language ,Cerebral Cortex ,Brain Mapping ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Neurology ,Pattern Recognition, Visual ,Reading ,Cerebral cortex ,Female ,Chinese characters ,Psychology ,psychological phenomena and processes ,Cognitive psychology - Abstract
Previous functional neuroimaging studies have shown that the left mid-fusiform cortex plays a critical role in reading. However, there is very limited research relating this region's anatomical structure to reading performance either in native or second language. Using structural MRI and three reading tasks (Chinese characters, English words, and alphabetic pseudowords) and a non-reading task (visual-auditory learning), this study investigated the contributions of the left mid-fusiform cortical thickness to reading in a large sample of 226 Chinese subjects. Results showed that the cortical thickness in the left mid-fusiform gyrus was positively correlated with performance on all three reading tasks but not with the performance on the non-reading task. Our findings provide structural evidence for the left mid-fusiform cortex as the "gateway" region for reading Chinese and English. The absence of the association between the left mid-fusiform cortical thickness and non-reading performance implied the specific role of this area in reading skills, not in general language skills. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
- Published
- 2012
39. Spaced learning enhances subsequent recognition memory by reducing neural repetition suppression
- Author
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Leilei Mei, Zhong-Lin Lu, Chuansheng Chen, Qi Dong, Gui Xue, and Russell A. Poldrack
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Time Factors ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,Speech recognition ,education ,Memorization ,Article ,Young Adult ,Humans ,Learning ,Recognition memory ,Fusiform gyrus ,Repetition (rhetorical device) ,Spacing effect ,Interstimulus interval ,Cognition ,Neural Inhibition ,Recognition, Psychology ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Pattern Recognition, Visual ,Face ,Mental Recall ,Distributed Practice ,Female ,Psychology ,Photic Stimulation ,Cognitive psychology - Abstract
Spaced learning usually leads to better recognition memory as compared with massed learning, yet the underlying neural mechanisms remain elusive. One open question is whether the spacing effect is achieved by reducing neural repetition suppression. In this fMRI study, participants were scanned while intentionally memorizing 120 novel faces, half under the massed learning condition (i.e., four consecutive repetitions with jittered interstimulus interval) and the other half under the spaced learning condition (i.e., the four repetitions were interleaved). Recognition memory tests afterward revealed a significant spacing effect: Participants recognized more items learned under the spaced learning condition than under the massed learning condition. Successful face memory encoding was associated with stronger activation in the bilateral fusiform gyrus, which showed a significant repetition suppression effect modulated by subsequent memory status and spaced learning. Specifically, remembered faces showed smaller repetition suppression than forgotten faces under both learning conditions, and spaced learning significantly reduced repetition suppression. These results suggest that spaced learning enhances recognition memory by reducing neural repetition suppression.
- Published
- 2011
40. Is order the defining feature of magnitude representation? An ERP study on learning numerical magnitude and spatial order of artificial symbols
- Author
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Xinlin Zhou, Leilei Mei, Chuansheng Chen, Hui Zhao, Hongchuan Zhang, Lan Chen, Zhongyu Cao, Chunhui Chen, and Qi Dong
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Dissociation (neuropsychology) ,Adolescent ,Universities ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,Models, Neurological ,lcsh:Medicine ,Social and Behavioral Sciences ,Lateralization of brain function ,Young Adult ,Behavioral Neuroscience ,Cognition ,Event-related potential ,Reaction Time ,Humans ,Learning ,Psychology ,lcsh:Science ,Students ,Evoked Potentials ,Biology ,Mathematics ,Neurons ,Behavior ,Multidisciplinary ,lcsh:R ,Cognitive Psychology ,Numerosity adaptation effect ,Distance effect ,N400 ,Pattern Recognition, Physiological ,Mental representation ,lcsh:Q ,Female ,Algorithms ,Cognitive psychology ,Research Article ,Neuroscience - Abstract
Using an artificial-number learning paradigm and the ERP technique, the present study investigated neural mechanisms involved in the learning of magnitude and spatial order. 54 college students were divided into 2 groups matched in age, gender, and school major. One group was asked to learn the associations between magnitude (dot patterns) and the meaningless Gibson symbols, and the other group learned the associations between spatial order (horizontal positions on the screen) and the same set of symbols. Results revealed differentiated neural mechanisms underlying the learning processes of symbolic magnitude and spatial order. Compared to magnitude learning, spatial-order learning showed a later and reversed distance effect. Furthermore, an analysis of the order-priming effect showed that order was not inherent to the learning of magnitude. Results of this study showed a dissociation between magnitude and order, which supports the numerosity code hypothesis of mental representations of magnitude.
- Published
- 2011
41. It's a word: early electrophysiological response to the character likeness of pictographs
- Author
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Mingxia, Zhang, Ting, Jiang, Leilei, Mei, Hongmin, Yang, Chuansheng, Chen, Gui, Xue, and Qi, Dong
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Adult ,Male ,Asian People ,Pattern Recognition, Visual ,Brain ,Evoked Potentials, Visual ,Humans ,Electroencephalography ,Female ,Photic Stimulation ,Language - Abstract
Using unfamiliar and meaningless pictographs that varied in their degree of similarity to Chinese characters, the current study tested whether the early electrophysiological response was modulated by character likeness. We measured P100 and N170 while 20 native Chinese speakers were viewing Chinese characters, drawings of objects, and pictographs. Comparisons across the three categories of stimuli showed that pictographs elicited a smaller N170 amplitude than did Chinese characters and a stronger N170 amplitude than did objects, but did not differ in the P100 amplitude from the other two categories. Within the category of pictographs, stimuli with a higher degree of character likeness elicited larger N170 amplitudes and shorter N170 peak latencies, and this effect was again not observed in P100. These results suggest that N170 is sensitive to visual stimuli's character likeness even though they are unfamiliar pictographs with no meanings or sounds.
- Published
- 2010
42. Cultural neurolinguistics
- Author
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Chuansheng Chen, Gui Xue, Leilei Mei, Chunhui Chen, and Qi Dong
- Subjects
Neuropsychology ,Verbal Behavior ,Culture ,Speech Perception ,Brain ,Humans ,Linguistics ,Models, Psychological ,Nerve Net ,Anthropology, Cultural ,Article ,Language - Abstract
As the only species that evolved to possess a language faculty, humans have been surprisingly generative in creating a diverse array of language systems. These systems vary in phonology, morphology, syntax, and written forms. Before the advent of modern brain-imaging techniques, little was known about how differences across languages are reflected in the brain. This chapter aims to provide an overview of an emerging area of research — cultural neurolinguistics — that examines systematic cross-cultural/crosslinguistic variations in the neural networks of languages. We first briefly describe general brain networks for written and spoken languages. We then discuss language-specific brain regions by highlighting differences in neural bases of different scripts (logographic vs. alphabetic scripts), orthographies (transparent vs. nontransparent orthographies), and tonality (tonal vs. atonal languages). We also discuss neural basis of second language and the role of native language experience in second-language acquisition. In the last section, we outline a general model that integrates culture and neural bases of language and discuss future directions of research in this area.
- Published
- 2009
43. Neural predictors of auditory word learning
- Author
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Qi Dong, Leilei Mei, Qinghua He, Feng Xue, Chuansheng Chen, Qin Yang, Gui Xue, and Tian Li
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Speech perception ,Adolescent ,Audiology ,Functional Laterality ,Developmental psychology ,Task (project management) ,Word learning ,Predictive Value of Tests ,Neural Pathways ,medicine ,Reaction Time ,Humans ,Learning ,Active listening ,Language ,Cerebral Cortex ,Brain Mapping ,Language Tests ,General Neuroscience ,Language acquisition ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Temporal Lobe ,Predictive factor ,Frontal Lobe ,Functional imaging ,Constructed language ,Acoustic Stimulation ,Pattern Recognition, Physiological ,Speech Perception ,Female ,Nerve Net ,Psychology - Abstract
The present fMRI study aimed to identify neurofunctional predictors of auditory word learning. Twenty-four native Chinese speakers were trained to learn a logographic arti¢cial language (LAL) for 2 weeks and their behavioral performance was recorded. Participants were also scanned before and after the training while performing a passive listening task. Results showed that, compared to ‘poor’ learners (those whose performance was below average during the training), ‘good’ (i.e. above-average) learners showed more activation in the left MTG/STS and less activation in the right IFG during the pretraining scan. These results con¢rmed the hypothesis that preexisting individual diierences in neural activities can predict the e⁄ciency in learning words in a new language. NeuroReport 19:215^219 � c 2008 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
- Published
- 2008
44. Sex-dependent neurofunctional predictors of long-term maintenance of visual word learning
- Author
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Leilei Mei, Chuansheng Chen, Feng Xue, Qi Dong, Shizhi Huang, Gui Xue, and Tian Li
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Time Factors ,Statistics as Topic ,Verbal learning ,Functional Laterality ,Developmental psychology ,Judgment ,Predictive Value of Tests ,Neuropsychologia ,Reaction Time ,Humans ,Visual Word ,Analysis of Variance ,Sex Characteristics ,Forgetting ,General Neuroscience ,Verbal Learning ,Language acquisition ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Functional imaging ,Pattern Recognition, Visual ,Mental Recall ,Female ,Analysis of variance ,Psychology ,Sex characteristics - Abstract
A previous study has revealed sex-dependent neurofunctional predictors of visual word learning [C. Chen, G. Xue, Q. Dong, Z. Jin, T. Li, F. Xue, L. Zhao, Y. Guo, Sex determines the neurofunctional predictors of visual word learning, Neuropsychologia 45 (2007) 741-747]. The present study aimed to extend that study to investigate sex-dependent neurofunctional predictors of long-term maintenance. Twenty-three Chinese college students trained in the previous study were followed up twice: immediately (T1) and 6 months after the training (T2). At both T1 and T2, subjects were tested with the simultaneously presented same-different judgment task. Compared with the T1 performance, subjects (both males and females) showed a small but significant amount of forgetting (i.e., longer reaction times) at T2. Consistent with our hypothesis, males' performance at both T1 and T2 was predicted by the pre-training left-lateralized fusiform activation, whereas females' performance was predicted by symmetrical bilateral fusiform activation. © 2007 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
- Published
- 2007
45. 52XH Neural Pattern Similarity in the Left IFG and Fusiform Is Associated with Novel Word Learning.
- Author
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Jing Qu, Liu Qian, Chuansheng Chen, Gui Xue, Huiling Li, Peng Xie, and Leilei Mei
- Subjects
PSYCHOLINGUISTICS ,NEURAL circuitry ,ARTIFICIAL languages ,LEARNING ,INDIVIDUAL differences ,FUNCTIONAL magnetic resonance imaging - Abstract
Previous studies have revealed that greater neural pattern similarity across repetitions is associated with better subsequent memory. In this study, we used an artificial language training paradigm and representational similarity analysis to examine whether neural pattern similarity across repetitions before training was associated with post-training behavioral performance. Twenty-four native Chinese speakers were trained to learn a logographic artificial language for 12 days and behavioral performance was recorded using the word naming and picture naming tasks. Participants were scanned while performing a passive viewing task before training, after 4-day training and after 12-day training. Results showed that pattern similarity in the left pars opercularis (PO) and fusiform gyrus (FG) before training was negatively associated with reaction time (RT) in both word naming and picture naming tasks after training. These results suggest that neural pattern similarity is an effective neurofunctional predictor of novel word learning in addition to word memory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Facilitating Memory for Novel Characters by Reducing Neural Repetition Suppression in the Left Fusiform Cortex
- Author
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Russell A. Poldrack, Gui Xue, Chuansheng Chen, Leilei Mei, Zhong-Lin Lu, and Qi Dong
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Brain activity and meditation ,fmri ,lcsh:Medicine ,recognition memory ,050105 experimental psychology ,Memorization ,03 medical and health sciences ,experience ,0302 clinical medicine ,Memory ,Inferior temporal gyrus ,brain activity ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,functional-properties ,Humans ,Learning ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Visual word form area ,tasks ,lcsh:Science ,Language ,Recognition memory ,Neuroscience/Cognitive Neuroscience ,Cerebral Cortex ,Multidisciplinary ,Repetition (rhetorical device) ,word form area ,Long-term memory ,Spacing effect ,lcsh:R ,05 social sciences ,neurofunctional predictors ,Life Sciences ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,developmental dyslexia ,Neuroscience/Experimental Psychology ,Neuroscience/Psychology ,Female ,writing system ,lcsh:Q ,Psychology ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Research Article ,Cognitive psychology - Abstract
Background: The left midfusiform and adjacent regions have been implicated in processing and memorizing familiar words, yet its role in memorizing novel characters has not been well understood. Methodology/Principal Findings: Using functional MRI, the present study examined the hypothesis that the left midfusiform is also involved in memorizing novel characters and spaced learning could enhance the memory by enhancing the left midfusiform activity during learning. Nineteen native Chinese readers were scanned while memorizing the visual form of 120 Korean characters that were novel to the subjects. Each character was repeated four times during learning. Repetition suppression was manipulated by using two different repetition schedules: massed learning and spaced learning, pseudo-randomly mixed within the same scanning session. Under the massed learning condition, the four repetitions were consecutive (with a jittered inter-repetition interval to improve the design efficiency). Under the spaced learning condition, the four repetitions were interleaved with a minimal inter-repetition lag of 6 stimuli. Spaced learning significantly improved participants’ performance during the recognition memory test administered one hour after the scan. Stronger left midfusiform and inferior temporal gyrus activities during learning (summed across four repetitions) were associated with better memory of the characters, based on both within- and cross-subjects analyses. Compared to massed learning, spaced learning significantly reduced neural repetition suppression and increased the overall activities in these regions, which were associated with better memory for novel characters. Conclusions/Significance: These results demonstrated a strong link between cortical activity in the left midfusiform and memory for novel characters, and thus challenge the visual word form area (VWFA) hypothesis. Our results also shed light on the neural mechanisms of the spacing effect in memorizing novel characters.
- Published
- 2010
47. Spaced Learning Enhances Subsequent Recognition Memory by Reducing Neural Repetition Suppression.
- Author
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Gui Xue, Leilei Mei, Chuansheng Chen, Zhong-Lin Lu, Poldrack, Russell, and Qi Dong
- Subjects
- *
RECOGNITION (Psychology) , *MEMORY testing , *LEARNING , *PRIMING (Psychology) , *SHORT-term memory , *MAGNETIC resonance imaging , *ACQUISITION of data - Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Language-general and -specific white matter microstructural bases for reading.
- Author
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Mingxia Zhang, Chuansheng Chen, Gui Xue, Zhong-lin Lu, Leilei Mei, Hongli Xue, Miao Wei, Qinghua He, Jin Li, and Qi Dong
- Subjects
- *
LANGUAGE & languages , *WHITE matter (Nerve tissue) , *MICROSTRUCTURE , *BRAIN anatomy , *BRAIN physiology , *PSYCHOLOGICAL research - Abstract
In the past decade, several studies have investigated language-general and -specific brain regions for reading. However, very limited research has examined the white matter that connects these cortical regions. By using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), the current study investigated the common and divergent relationship between white matter integrity indexed by fractional anisotropy (FA) and native language reading abilities in 89 Chinese and 93 English speakers. Conjunction analysis revealed that for both groups, reading ability was associated with the FA of seven white matter fiber bundles in two main anatomical locations in the left hemisphere: the dorsal corona radiate/corpus callosum/superior longitudinal fasciculus which might be for phonological access, and the ventral uncinate fasciculus/external capsule/inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus which might be for semantic processing. Contrast analysis showed that the FA of the left temporal part of superior longitudinal fasciculus contributed more to reading in English than in Chinese, which is consistent with the notion that this tract is involved in grapheme-to-phoneme conversion for alphabetic language reading. These results are the first evidence of language-general and -specific white matter microstructural bases for reading. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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