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Background: The desmopressin combined with anticholinergic agents for the treatment of nocturnal enuresis (NE) remains controversial. This meta-analysis assesses the efficacy and safety of desmopressin compared with desmopressin plus anticholinergic agents for the treatment of NE., Methods: We searched MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Controlled Trials Register databases for RCTs published for the treatment of NE. Systematic review was carried out using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses. This meta-analysis used RevMan v.5.1.0 to analyze data., Results: Eight studies involving 600 patients (293 in the combination group and 307 in the desmopressin group) contained meaningful data. The results were as follows: after one month of treatment, compared with the desmopressin monotherapy group, the combination group was significantly better in treating NE in FR (full responders, P  = 0.003), FR + PR (partial responders) ( P  < 0.0001), and the mean number of wet nights ( P  = 0.004); also, the combination group had a better effect in FR ( P  < 0.00001), FR + PR ( P  = 0.02) and the mean number of wet nights ( P  = 0.04) after 3 months' treatment. For side effects, combination therapy does not cause more adverse events in treating NE ( P  = 0.42)., Conclusions: This study elucidates that desmopressin combined with the anticholinergic agent was demonstrated to be more effective in treating NE than desmopressin monotherapy, and the anticholinergic agent does not increase the risk of adverse events (AEs)., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (© 2023 Cai, Yao, Sun and Lei.)

Critically ill patients are prone to a series of complications during early enteral nutrition (EEN), including gastrointestinal complications, infectious complications, metabolic complications, and mechanical complications, with an incidence of 30.5-65.7%, which attributes to prolonged hospitalization and increased mortality. Therefore, this retrospective study aimed to construct a quality control system of enteral nutrition nursing for critically ill patients as well as apply this system in clinical practice to evaluate its effect. Delphi method was utilized for this purpose, and we compared the incidence of enteral nutrition complications between patients using quality control system and using routine enteral nutrition. The mastery of enteral nutrition related knowledge by nursing staff was also compared before and after the implementation of a quality control system. Our data showed that, after applying the system to patients with critical illness in the nursing clinic, the incidence of enteral nutrition gastrointestinal complications, infectious complications, metabolic complications, and mechanical complications was significantly decreased from 11.51%, 1.96%, 3.41% and 5.88% to 1.86%, 0.52%, 1.71% and 0.97% ( P <0.005), respectively. Furthermore, the awareness of enteral nutrition theory by ICU nurses was also significantly improved, and the questionnaire score was increased from 70.22±8.78 to 95.25±4.18 (t=18.792, P <0.001). Hence, the enteral nutrition nursing quality control system we developed could effectively guide nursing staff to implement enteral nutrition, reduce the occurrence of enteral nutrition complications in patients with critical illness and ensure the safety of patients, suggesting the clinical application value of our system., Competing Interests: None., (AJTR Copyright © 2022.)