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1. COSINE-100 Full Dataset Challenges the Annual Modulation Signal of DAMA/LIBRA

Author: Carlin, N., Cho, J. Y., Choi, J. J., Choi, S., Ezeribe, A. C., Franca, L. E., Ha, C., Hahn, I. S., Hollick, S. J., Jeon, E. J., Joo, H. W., Kang, W. G., Kauer, M., Kim, B. H., Kim, H. J., Kim, J., Kim, K. W., Kim, S. H., Kim, S. K., Kim, W. K., Kim, Y. D., Kim, Y. H., Ko, Y. J., Lee, D. H., Lee, E. K., Lee, H., Lee, H. S., Lee, H. Y., Lee, I. S., Lee, J., Lee, J. Y., Lee, M. H., Lee, S. H., Lee, S. M., Lee, Y. J., Leonard, D. S., Luan, N. T., Machado, V. H. A., Manzato, B. B., Maruyama, R. H., Neal, R. J., Olsen, S. L., Park, B. J., Park, H. K., Park, H. S., Park, J. C., Park, K. S., Park, S. D., Pitta, R. L. C., Prihtiadi, H., Ra, S. J., Rott, C., Shin, K. A., Cavalcante, D. F. F. S., Son, M. K., Spooner, N. J. C., Truc, L. T., Yang, L., and Yu, G. H.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: For over 25 years, the DAMA/LIBRA collaboration has claimed to observe an annual modulation signal, suggesting the existence of dark matter interactions. However, no other experiments have replicated their result using different detector materials. To address this puzzle, the COSINE-100 collaboration conducted a model-independent test using 106 kg of sodium iodide as detectors, the same target material as DAMA/LIBRA. Analyzing data collected over 6.4 years, with improved energy calibration and time-dependent background description, we found no evidence of an annual modulation signal, challenging the DAMA/LIBRA result with a confidence level greater than 3$\sigma$. This finding represents a significant step toward resolving the long-standing debate surrounding DAMA/LIBRA's dark matter claim, indicating that the observed modulation is unlikely to be caused by dark matter interactions.
Published: 2024

2. Lowering threshold of NaI(Tl) scintillator to 0.7 keV in the COSINE-100 experiment

Author: Yu, G. H., Carlin, N., Cho, J. Y., Choi, J. J., Choi, S., Ezeribe, A. C., França, L. E., Ha, C., Hahn, I. S., Hollick, S. J., Jeon, E. J., Joo, H. W., Kang, W. G., Kauer, M., Kim, B. H., Kim, H. J., Kim, J., Kim, K. W., Kim, S. H., Kim, S. K., Kim, W. K., Kim, Y. D., Kim, Y. H., Ko, Y. J., Lee, D. H., Lee, E. K., Lee, H., Lee, H. S., Lee, H. Y., Lee, I. S., Lee, J., Lee, J. Y., Lee, M. H., Lee, S. H., Lee, S. M., Lee, Y. J., Leonard, D. S., Luan, N. T., Machado, V. H. A., Manzato, B. B., Maruyama, R. H., Neal, R. J., Olsen, S. L., Park, B. J., Park, H. K., Park, H. S., Park, J. C., Park, K. S., Park, S. D., Pitta, R. L. C., Prihtiadi, H., Ra, S. J., Rott, C., Shin, K. A., Cavalcante, D. F. F. S., Son, M. K., Spooner, N. J. C., Truc, L. T., and Yang, L.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: COSINE-100 is a direct dark matter search experiment, with the primary goal of testing the annual modulation signal observed by DAMA/LIBRA, using the same target material, NaI(Tl). In previous analyses, we achieved the same 1 keV energy threshold used in the DAMA/LIBRA's analysis that reported an annual modulation signal with 11.6$\sigma$ significance. In this article, we report an improved analysis that lowered the threshold to 0.7 keV, thanks to the application of Multi-Layer Perception network and a new likelihood parameter with waveforms in the frequency domain. The lower threshold would enable a better comparison of COSINE-100 with new DAMA results with a 0.75 keV threshold and account for differences in quenching factors. Furthermore the lower threshold can enhance COSINE-100's sensitivity to sub-GeV dark matter searches.
Published: 2024

3. Improved background modeling for dark matter search with COSINE-100

Author: Yu, G. H., Carlin, N., Cho, J. Y., Choi, J. J., Choi, S., Ezeribe, A. C., Franca, L. E., Ha, C., Hahn, I. S., Hollick, S. J., Jeon, E. J., Joo, H. W., Kang, W. G., Kauer, M., Kim, B. H., Kim, H. J., Kim, J., Kim, K. W., Kim, S. H., Kim, S. K., Kim, W. K., Kim, Y. D., Kim, Y. H., Ko, Y. J., Lee, D. H., Lee, E. K., Lee, H., Lee, H. S., Lee, H. Y., Lee, I. S., Lee, J., Lee, J. Y., Lee, M. H., Lee, S. H., Lee, S. M., Lee, Y. J., Leonard, D. S., Luan, N. T., Manzato, B. B., Maruyama, R. H., Neal, R. J., Olsen, S. L., Park, B. J., Park, H. K., Park, H. S., Park, J. C., Park, K. S., Park, S. D., Pitta, R. L. C., Prihtiadi, H., Ra, S. J., Rott, C., Shin, K. A., Cavalcante, D. F. F. S., Son, M. K., Spooner, N. J. C., Truc, L. T., and Yang, L.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: COSINE-100 aims to conclusively test the claimed dark matter annual modulation signal detected by DAMA/LIBRA collaboration. DAMA/LIBRA has released updated analysis results by lowering the energy threshold to 0.75 keV through various upgrades. They have consistently claimed to have observed the annual modulation. In COSINE-100, it is crucial to lower the energy threshold for a direct comparison with DAMA/LIBRA, which also enhances the sensitivity of the search for low-mass dark matter, enabling COSINE-100 to explore this area. Therefore, it is essential to have a precise and quantitative understanding of the background spectrum across all energy ranges. This study expands the background modeling from 0.7 to 4000 keV using 2.82 years of COSINE-100 data. The modeling has been improved to describe the background spectrum across all energy ranges accurately. Assessments of the background spectrum are presented, considering the nonproportionality of NaI(Tl) crystals at both low and high energies and the characteristic X-rays produced by the interaction of external backgrounds with materials such as copper. Additionally, constraints on the fit parameters obtained from the alpha spectrum modeling fit are integrated into this model. These improvements are detailed in the paper.
Published: 2024

4. Development of MMC-based lithium molybdate cryogenic calorimeters for AMoRE-II

Author: Agrawal, A., Alenkov, V. V., Aryal, P., Bae, H., Beyer, J., Bhandari, B., Boiko, R. S., Boonin, K., Buzanov, O., Byeon, C. R., Chanthima, N., Cheoun, M. K., Choe, J. S., Choi, S., Choudhury, S., Chung, J. S., Danevich, F. A., Djamal, M., Drung, D., Enss, C., Fleischmann, A., Gangapshev, A. M., Gastaldo, L., Gavrilyuk, Y. M., Gezhaev, A. M., Gileva, O., Grigorieva, V. D., Gurentsov, V. I., Ha, C., Ha, D. H., Ha, E. J., Hwang, D. H., Jeon, E. J., Jeon, J. A., Jo, H. S., Kaewkhao, J., Kang, C. S., Kang, W. G., Kazalov, V. V., Kempf, S., Khan, A., Khan, S., Kim, D. Y., Kim, G. W., Kim, H. B., Kim, H. J., Kim, H. L., Kim, H. S., Kim, M. B., Kim, S. C., Kim, S. K., Kim, S. R., Kim, W. T., Kim, Y. D., Kim, Y. H., Kirdsiri, K., Ko, Y. J., Kobychev, V. V., Kornoukhov, V., Kuzminov, V. V., Kwon, D. H., Lee, C. H., Lee, D. Y., Lee, E. K., Lee, H. J., Lee, H. S., Lee, J., Lee, J. Y., Lee, K. B., Lee, M. H., Lee, M. K., Lee, S. W., Lee, Y. C., Leonard, D. S., Lim, H. S., Mailyan, B., Makarov, E. P., Nyanda, P., Oh, Y., Olsen, S. L., Panasenko, S. I., Park, H. K., Park, H. S., Park, K. S., Park, S. Y., Polischuk, O. G., Prihtiadi, H., Ra, S., Ratkevich, S. S., Rooh, G., Sari, M. B., Seo, J., Seo, K. M., Sharma, B., Shin, K. A., Shlegel, V. N., Siyeon, K., So, J., Sokur, N. V., Son, J. K., Song, J. W., Srisittipokakun, N., Tretyak, V. I., Wirawan, R., Woo, K. R., Yeon, H. J., Yoon, Y. S., and Yue, Q.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: The AMoRE collaboration searches for neutrinoless double beta decay of $^{100}$Mo using molybdate scintillating crystals via low temperature thermal calorimetric detection. The early phases of the experiment, AMoRE-pilot and AMoRE-I, have demonstrated competitive discovery potential. Presently, the AMoRE-II experiment, featuring a large detector array with about 90 kg of $^{100}$Mo isotope, is under construction.This paper discusses the baseline design and characterization of the lithium molybdate cryogenic calorimeters to be used in the AMoRE-II detector modules. The results from prototype setups that incorporate new housing structures and two different crystal masses (316 g and 517 - 521 g), operated at 10 mK temperature, show energy resolutions (FWHM) of 7.55 - 8.82 keV at the 2.615 MeV $^{208}$Tl $\gamma$ line, and effective light detection of 0.79 - 0.96 keV/MeV. The simultaneous heat and light detection enables clear separation of alpha particles with a discrimination power of 12.37 - 19.50 at the energy region around $^6$Li(n, $\alpha$)$^3$H with Q-value = 4.785 MeV. Promising detector performances were demonstrated at temperatures as high as 30 mK, which relaxes the temperature constraints for operating the large AMoRE-II array.
Published: 2024

5. Improved limit on neutrinoless double beta decay of \mohundred~from AMoRE-I

Author: Agrawal, A., Alenkov, V. V., Aryal, P., Beyer, J., Bhandari, B., Boiko, R. S., Boonin, K., Buzanov, O., Byeon, C. R., Chanthima, N., Cheoun, M. K., Choe, J. S., Choi, Seonho, Choudhury, S., Chung, J. S., Danevich, F. A., Djamal, M., Drung, D., Enss, C., Fleischmann, A., Gangapshev, A. M., Gastaldo, L., Gavrilyuk, Y. M., Gezhaev, A. M., Gileva, O., Grigorieva, V. D., Gurentsov, V. I., Ha, C., Ha, D. H., Ha, E. J., Hwang, D. H., Jeon, E. J., Jeon, J. A., Jo, H. S., Kaewkhao, J., Kang, C. S., Kang, W. G., Kazalov, V. V., Kempf, S., Khan, A., Khan, S., Kim, D. Y., Kim, G. W., Kim, H. B., Kim, Ho-Jong, Kim, H. J., Kim, H. L., Kim, H. S., Kim, M. B., Kim, S. C., Kim, S. K., Kim, S. R., Kim, W. T., Kim, Y. D., Kim, Y. H., Kirdsiri, K., Ko, Y. J., Kobychev, V. V., Kornoukhov, V., Kuzminov, V. V., Kwon, D. H., Lee, C. H., Lee, DongYeup, Lee, E. K., Lee, H. J., Lee, H. S., Lee, J., Lee, J. Y., Lee, K. B., Lee, M. H., Lee, M. K., Lee, S. W., Lee, Y. C., Leonard, D. S., Lim, H. S., Mailyan, B., Makarov, E. P., Nyanda, P., Oh, Y., Olsen, S. L., Panasenko, S. I., Park, H. K., Park, H. S., Park, K. S., Park, S. Y., Polischuk, O. G., Prihtiadi, H., Ra, S., Ratkevich, S. S., Rooh, G., Sari, M. B., Seo, J., Seo, K. M., Sharma, B., Shin, K. A., Shlegel, V. N., Siyeon, K., So, J., Sokur, N. V., Son, J. K., Song, J. W., Srisittipokakun, N., Tretyak, V. I., Wirawan, R., Woo, K. R., Yeon, H. J., Yoon, Y. S., and Yue, Q.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: AMoRE searches for the signature of neutrinoless double beta decay of $^{100}$Mo with a 100 kg sample of enriched $^{100}$Mo. Scintillating molybdate crystals coupled with a metallic magnetic calorimeter operate at milli-Kelvin temperatures to measure the energy of electrons emitted in the decay. As a demonstration of the full-scale AMoRE, we conducted AMoRE-I, a pre-experiment with 18 molybdate crystals, at the Yangyang Underground Laboratory for over two years. The exposure was 8.02 kg$\cdot$year (or 3.89 kg$_{\mathrm{^{100}Mo}}\cdot$year) and the total background rate near the Q-value was 0.025 $\pm$ 0.002 counts/keV/kg/year. We observed no indication of $0\nu\beta\beta$ decay and report a new lower limit of the half-life of $^{100}$Mo $0\nu\beta\beta$ decay as $ T^{0\nu}_{1/2}>3.0\times10^{24}~\mathrm{years}$ at 90\% confidence level. The effective Majorana mass limit range is $m_{\beta\beta}<$(210--610) meV using nuclear matrix elements estimated in the framework of different models, including the recent shell model calculations., Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures
Published: 2024

6. Projected background and sensitivity of AMoRE-II

Author: Agrawal, A., Alenkov, V. V., Aryal, P., Beyer, J., Bhandari, B., Boiko, R. S., Boonin, K., Buzanov, O., Byeon, C. R., Chanthima, N., Cheoun, M. K., Choe, J. S., Choi, Seonho, Choudhury, S., Chung, J. S., Danevich, F. A., Djamal, M., Drung, D., Enss, C., Fleischmann, A., Gangapshev, A. M., Gastaldo, L., Gavrilyuk, Y. M., Gezhaev, A. M., Gileva, O., Grigorieva, V. D., Gurentsov, V. I., Ha, C., Ha, D. H., Ha, E. J., Hwnag, D. H., Jeona, E. J., Jeon, J. A., Jo, H. S., Kaewkhao, J., Kang, C. S., Kang, W. G., Kazalov, V. V., Kempf, S., Khan, A., Khan, S., Kim, D. Y., Kim, G. W., Kim, H. B., Kim, Ho-Jong, Kim, H. J., Kim, H. L., Kim, H. S., Kim, M. B., Kim, S. C., Kim, S. K., Kim, S. R., Kim, W. T., Kim, Y. D., Kim, Y. H., Kirdsiri, K., Ko, Y. J., Kobychev, V. V., Kuzminov, V. Kornoukhov V. V., Kwon, D. H., Lee, C. H., Lee, DongYeup, Lee, E. K., Lee, H. J., Lee, H. S., Lee, J., Lee, J. Y., Lee, K. B., Lee, M. H., Lee, M. K., Lee, S. W., Lee, Y. C., Leonard, D. S., Lim, H. S., Mailyan, B., Makarov, E. P., Nyanda, P., Oh, Y., Olsen, S. L., Panasenko, S. I., Park, H. K., Park, H. S., Park, K. S., Park, S. Y., Polischuk, O. G., Prihtiadi, H., Ra, S., Rooh, S. S. Ratkevich G., Sari, M. B., Seob, J., Seo, K. M., Sharma, B., Shin, K. A., Shlegel, V. N., Siyeon, K., So, J., Sokur, N. V., Son, J. K., Song, J. W., Srisittipokakun, N., Tretyak, V. I., Wirawan, R., Woo, K. R., Yeon, H. J., Yoon, Y. S., and Yue, Q.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: AMoRE-II aims to search for neutrinoless double beta decay with an array of 423 Li$_2$$^{100}$MoO$_4$ crystals operating in the cryogenic system as the main phase of the Advanced Molybdenum-based Rare process Experiment (AMoRE). AMoRE has been planned to operate in three phases: AMoRE-pilot, AMoRE-I, and AMoRE-II. AMoRE-II is currently being installed at the Yemi Underground Laboratory, located approximately 1000 meters deep in Jeongseon, Korea. The goal of AMoRE-II is to reach up to $T^{0\nu\beta\beta}_{1/2}$ $\sim$ 6 $\times$ 10$^{26}$ years, corresponding to an effective Majorana mass of 15 - 29 meV, covering all the inverted mass hierarchy regions. To achieve this, the background level of the experimental configurations and possible background sources of gamma and beta events should be well understood. We have intensively performed Monte Carlo simulations using the GEANT4 toolkit in all the experimental configurations with potential sources. We report the estimated background level that meets the 10$^{-4}$counts/(keV$\cdot$kg$\cdot$yr) requirement for AMoRE-II in the region of interest (ROI) and show the projected half-life sensitivity based on the simulation study.
Published: 2024

7. Measurements of low-energy nuclear recoil quenching factors for Na and I recoils in the NaI(Tl) scintillator

Author: Lee, S. H., Joo, H. W., Kim, H. J., Kim, K. W., Kim, S. K., Kim, Y. D., Ko, Y. J., Lee, H. S., Lee, J. Y., Park, H. S., and Yoon, Y. S.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: Elastic scattering off nuclei in target detectors, involving interactions with dark matter and coherent elastic neutrino nuclear recoil (CE$\nu$NS), results in the deposition of low energy within the nuclei, dissipating rapidly through a combination of heat and ionization. The primary energy loss mechanism for nuclear recoil is heat, leading to consistently smaller measurable scintillation signals compared to electron recoils of the same energy. The nuclear recoil quenching factor (QF), representing the ratio of scintillation light yield produced by nuclear recoil to that of electron recoil at the same energy, is a critical parameter for understanding dark matter and neutrino interactions with nuclei. The low energy QF of NaI(Tl) crystals, commonly employed in dark matter searches and CE$\nu$NS measurements, is of substantial importance. Previous low energy QF measurements were constrained by contamination from photomultiplier tube (PMT)-induced noise, resulting in an observed light yield of approximately 15 photoelectrons per keVee (kilo-electron-volt electron-equivalent energy) and nuclear recoil energy above 5 keVnr (kilo-electron-volt nuclear recoil energy). Through enhanced crystal encapsulation, an increased light yield of around 26 photoelectrons per keVee is achieved. This improvement enables the measurement of the nuclear recoil QF for sodium nuclei at an energy of 3.8 $\pm$ 0.6 keVnr with a QF of 11.2 $\pm$ 1.7%. Furthermore, a reevaluation of previously reported QF results is conducted, incorporating enhancements in low energy events based on waveform simulation. The outcomes are generally consistent with various recent QF measurements for sodium and iodine.
Published: 2024

8. Background study of the AMoRE-pilot experiment

Author: Agrawal, A., Alenkov, V. V., Aryal, P., Beyer, J., Bhandari, B., Boiko, R. S., Boonin, K., Buzanov, O., Byeon, C. R., Chanthima, N., Cheoun, M. K., Choe, J. S., Choi, Seonho, Choudhury, S., Chung, J. S., Danevich, F. A., Djamal, M., Drung, D., Enss, C., Fleischmann, A., Gangapshev, A. M., Gastaldo, L., Gavrilyuk, Yu. M., Gezhaev, A. M., Gileva, O., Grigorieva, V. D., Gurentsov, V. I., Ha, C., Ha, D. H., Ha, E. J., Hwang, D. H., Jeon, E. J., Jeon, J. A., Jo, H. S., Kaewkhao, J., Kang, C. S., Kang, W. G., Kazalov, V. V., Kempf, S., Khan, A., Khan, S., Kim, D. Y., Kim, G. W., Kim, H. B., Kim, Ho-Jong, Kim, H. J., Kim, H. L., Kim, H. S., Kim, M. B., Kim, S. C., Kim, S. K., Kim, S. R., Kim, W. T., Kim, Y. D., Kim, Y. H., Kirdsiri, K., Ko, Y. J., Kobychev, V. V., Kornoukhov, V., Kuzminov, V. V., Kwon, D. H., Lee, C. H., Lee, DongYeup, Lee, E. K., Lee, H. J., Lee, H. S., Lee, J., Lee, J. Y., Lee, K. B., Lee, M. H., Lee, M. K., Lee, S. W., Lee, Y. C., Leonard, D. S., Lim, H. S., Mailyan, B., Makarov, E. P., Nyanda, P., Oh, Y., Olsen, S. L., Panasenko, S. I., Park, H. K., Park, H. S., Park, K. S., Park, S. Y., Polischuk, O. G., Prihtiadi, H., Ra, S., Ratkevich, S. S., Rooh, G., Sari, M. B., Seo, J., Seo, K. M., Sharma, B., Shin, K. A., Shlegel, V. N., Siyeon, K., So, J., Sokur, N. V., Son, J. K., Song, J. W., Srisittipokakun, N., Tretyak, V. I., Wirawan, R., Woo, K. R., Yeon, H. J., Yoon, Y. S., and Yue, Q.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: We report a study on the background of the Advanced Molybdenum-Based Rare process Experiment (AMoRE), a search for neutrinoless double beta decay (\znbb) of $^{100}$Mo. The pilot stage of the experiment was conducted using $\sim$1.9 kg of \CAMOO~ crystals at the Yangyang Underground Laboratory, South Korea, from 2015 to 2018. We compared the measured $\beta/\gamma$ energy spectra in three experimental configurations with the results of Monte Carlo simulations and identified the background sources in each configuration. We replaced several detector components and enhanced the neutron shielding to lower the background level between configurations. A limit on the half-life of $0\nu\beta\beta$ decay of $^{100}$Mo was found at $T_{1/2}^{0\nu} \ge 3.0\times 10^{23}$ years at 90\% confidence level, based on the measured background and its modeling. Further reduction of the background rate in the AMoRE-I and AMoRE-II are discussed.
Published: 2024

9. Nonproportionality of NaI(Tl) Scintillation Detector for Dark Matter Search Experiments

Author: Lee, S. M., Adhikari, G., Carlin, N., Cho, J. Y., Choi, J. J., Choi, S., Ezeribe, A. C., a, L. E. Fran., Ha, C., Hahn, I. S., Hollick, S. J., Jeon, E. J., Joo, H. W., Kang, W. G., Kauer, M., Kim, B. H., Kim, H. J., Kim, J., Kim, K. W., Kim, S. H., Kim, S. K., Kim, S. W., Kim, W. K., Kim, Y. D., Kim, Y. H., Ko, Y. J., Lee, D. H., Lee, E. K., Lee, H., Lee, H. S., Lee, H. Y., Lee, I. S., Lee, J., Lee, J. Y., Lee, M. H., Lee, S. H., Lee, Y. J., Leonard, D. S., Luan, N. T., Manzato, B. B., Maruyama, R. H., Neal, R. J., Nikkel, J. A., Olsen, S. L., Park, B. J., Park, H. K., Park, H. S., Park, J. C., Park, K. S., Park, S. D., Pitta, R. L. C., Prihtiadi, H., Ra, S. J., Rott, C., Shin, K. A., Cavalcante, D. F. F. S., Scarff, A., Son, M. K., Spooner, N. J. C., Truc, L. T., Yang, L., and Yu, G. H.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: We present a comprehensive study of the nonproportionality of NaI(Tl) scintillation detectors within the context of dark matter search experiments. Our investigation, which integrates COSINE-100 data with supplementary $\gamma$ spectroscopy, measures light yields across diverse energy levels from full-energy $\gamma$ peaks produced by the decays of various isotopes. These $\gamma$ peaks of interest were produced by decays supported by both long and short-lived isotopes. Analyzing peaks from decays supported only by short-lived isotopes presented a unique challenge due to their limited statistics and overlapping energies, which was overcome by long-term data collection and a time-dependent analysis. A key achievement is the direct measurement of the 0.87 keV light yield, resulting from the cascade following electron capture decay of $^{22}$Na from internal contamination. This measurement, previously accessible only indirectly, deepens our understanding of NaI(Tl) scintillator behavior in the region of interest for dark matter searches. This study holds substantial implications for background modeling and the interpretation of dark matter signals in NaI(Tl) experiments., Comment: 12 pages, 7 figures
Published: 2024
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10. Alpha backgrounds in NaI(Tl) crystals of COSINE-100

Author: Adhikari, G., Carlin, N., Cavalcante, D. F. F. S., Cho, J. Y., Choi, J. J., Choi, S., Ezeribe, A. C., Franca, L. E., Ha, C., Hahn, I. S., Hollick, S. J., Jeon, E. J., Joo, H. W., Kang, W. G., Kauer, M., Kim, B. H., Kim, H. J., Kim, J., Kim, K. W., Kim, S. H., Kim, S. K., Kim, S. W., Kim, W. K., Kim, Y. D., Kim, Y. H., Ko, Y. J., Lee, D. H., Lee, E. K., Lee, H., Lee, H. S., Lee, H. Y., Lee, I. S., Lee, J., Lee, J. Y., Lee, M. H., Lee, S. H., Lee, S. M., Lee, Y. J., Leonard, D. S., Luan, N. T., Manzato, B. B., Maruyama, R. H., Neal, R. J., Nikkel, J. A., Olsen, S. L., Park, B. J., Park, H. K., Park, H. S., Park, J. C., Park, K. S., Park, S. D., Pitta, R. L. C., Prihtiadi, H., Ra, S. J., Rott, C., Scar, A., Shin, K. A., Son, M. K., Spooner, N. J. C., Truc, L. T., Yang, L., Yu, G. H., and COSINE-100, for
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: COSINE-100 is a dark matter direct detection experiment with 106 kg NaI(Tl) as the target material. 210Pb and daughter isotopes are a dominant background in the WIMP region of interest and are detected via beta decay and alpha decay. Analysis of the alpha channel complements the background model as observed in the beta/gamma channel. We present the measurement of the quenching factors and Monte Carlo simulation results and activity quantification of the alpha decay components of the COSINE-100 NaI(Tl) crystals. The data strongly indicate that the alpha decays probabilistically undergo two possible quenching factors but require further investigation. The fitted results are consistent with independent measurements and improve the overall understanding of the COSINE-100 backgrounds. Furthermore, the half-life of 216Po has been measured to be 143.4 +/- 1.2 ms, which is consistent with and more precise than recent measurements.
Published: 2023
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11. Modulatory Effect of Blood LDL Cholesterol on the Association between Cerebral Aβ and Tau Deposition in Older Adults

Author: Han, S. M., Byun, M. S., Yi, D., Jung, J. H., Kong, N., Chang, Y. Y., Keum, M., Jung, G. J., Lee, J.-Y., Lee, Y.-S., Kim, Y. K., Kang, K. M., Sohn, C.-H., and Lee, Dong Young
Published: 2024
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12. Search for inelastic WIMP-iodine scattering with COSINE-100

Author: Adhikari, G., Carlin, N., Choi, J. J., Choi, S., Ezeribe, A. C., Franca, L. E., Ha, C., Hahn, I. S., Hollick, S. J., Jeon, E. J., Jo, J. H., Joo, H. W., Kang, W. G., Kauer, M., Kim, B. H., Kim, H. J., Kim, J., Kim, K. W., Kim, S. H., Kim, S. K., Kim, W. K., Kim, Y. D., Kim, Y. H., Ko, Y. J., Lee, D. H., Lee, E. K., Lee, H., Lee, H. S., Lee, H. Y., Lee, I. S., Lee, J., Lee, J. Y., Lee, M. H., Lee, S. H., Lee, S. M., Lee, Y. J., Leonard, S., Luan, N. T., Manzato, B. B., Maruyama, R. H., Neal, R. J., Nikkel, J. A., Olsen, S. L., Park, B. J., Park, H. K., Park, H. S., Park, K. S., Park, S. D., Pitta, R. L. C., Prihtiadi, H., Ra, S. J., Rott, C., Shin, K. A., Cavalcante, D. F. F. S., Scarff, A., Spooner, N. J. C., Thompson, W. G., Yang, L., and Yu, G. H.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: We report the results of a search for inelastic scattering of weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) off $^{127}$I nuclei using NaI(Tl) crystals with a data exposure of 97.7 kg$\cdot$years from the COSINE-100 experiment. The signature of inelastic WIMP-$^{127}$I scattering is a nuclear recoil accompanied by a 57.6 keV $\gamma$-ray from the prompt deexcitation, producing a more energetic signal compared to the typical WIMP nuclear recoil signal. We found no evidence for this inelastic scattering signature and set a 90 $\%$ confidence level upper limit on the WIMP-proton spin-dependent, inelastic scattering cross section of $1.2 \times 10^{-37} {\rm cm^{2}}$ at the WIMP mass 500 ${\rm GeV/c^{2}}$., Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2104.03537
Published: 2023
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13. Search for Boosted Dark Matter in COSINE-100

Author: Adhikari, G., Carlin, N., Choi, J. J., Choi, S., Ezeribe, A. C., Franca, L. E., Ha, C., Hahn, I. S., Hollick, S. J., Jeon, E. J., Jo, J. H., Joo, H. W., Kang, W. G., Kauer, M., Kim, B. H., Kim, H. J., Kim, J., Kim, K. W., Kim, S. H., Kim, S. K., Kim, W. K., Kim, Y. D., Kim, Y. H., Ko, Y. J., Lee, D. H., Lee, E. K., Lee, H., Lee, H. S., Lee, H. Y., Lee, I. S., Lee, J., Lee, J. Y., Lee, M. H., Lee, S. H., Lee, S. M., Lee, Y. J., Leonard, D. S., Luan, N. T., Manzato, B. B., Maruyama, R. H., Neal, R. J., Nikkel, J. A., Olsen, S. L., Park, B. J., Park, H. K., Park, H. S., Park, K. S., Park, S. D., Pitta, R. L. C., Prihtiadi, H., Ra, S. J., Rott, C., Shin, K. A., Cavalcante, D. F. F. S., Scarff, A., Spooner, N. J. C., Thompson, W. G., Yang, L., and Yu, G. H.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: We search for energetic electron recoil signals induced by boosted dark matter (BDM) from the galactic center using the COSINE-100 array of NaI(Tl) crystal detectors at the Yangyang Underground Laboratory. The signal would be an excess of events with energies above 4 MeV over the well-understood background. Because no excess of events are observed in a 97.7 kg$\cdot$years exposure, we set limits on BDM interactions under a variety of hypotheses. Notably, we explored the dark photon parameter space, leading to competitive limits compared to direct dark photon search experiments, particularly for dark photon masses below 4\,MeV and considering the invisible decay mode. Furthermore, by comparing our results with a previous BDM search conducted by the Super-Kamionkande experiment, we found that the COSINE-100 detector has advantages in searching for low-mass dark matter. This analysis demonstrates the potential of the COSINE-100 detector to search for MeV electron recoil signals produced by the dark sector particle interactions., Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures
Published: 2023
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14. What Is A Family? A Constitutive-Affirmative Account

Author: Lee, J. Y., Bentzon, R., and Di Nucci, E.
Published: 2024
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15. Metabolomic profiles of ovariectomized mice and their associations with body composition and frailty-related parameters in postmenopausal women

Author: Kim, S. J., Jo, Y., Park, S. J., Ji, E., Lee, J. Y., Choi, E., Baek, J.-Y., Jang, I. Y., Jung, H.-W., Kim, K., Ryu, D., Yoo, H. J., and Kim, B.-J.
Published: 2024
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16. Search for bosonic super-weakly interacting massive particles at COSINE-100

Author: Adhikari, G., Carlin, N., Choi, J. J., Choi, S., Ezeribe, A. C., Franca, L. E., Ha, C., Hahn, I. S., Hollick, S. J., Jeon, E. J., Jo, J. H., Joo, H. W., Kang, W. G., Kauer, M., Kim, B. H., Kim, H. J., Kim, J., Kim, K. W., Kim, S. H., Kim, S. K., Kim, W. K., Kim, Y. D., Kim, Y. H., Ko, Y. J., Lee, D. H., Lee, E. K., Lee, H., Lee, H. S., Lee, H. Y., Lee, I. S., Lee, J., Lee, J. Y., Lee, M. H., Lee, S. H., Lee, S. M., Lee, Y. J., Leonard, D. S., Luan, N. T., Manzato, B. B., Maruyama, R. H., Neal, R. J., Nikkel, J. A., Olsen, S. L., Park, B. J., Park, H. K., Park, H. S., Park, K. S., Park, S. D., Pitta, R. L. C., Prihtiadi, H., Ra, S. J., Rott, C., Shin, K. A., Cavalcante, D. F. F. S., Scarff, A., Spooner, N. J. C., Thompson, W. G., Yang, L., and Yu, G. H.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: We present results of a search for bosonic super-weakly interacting massive particles (BSW) as keV scale dark matter candidates that is based on an exposure of 97.7 kg$\cdot$year from the COSINE experiment. In this search, we employ, for the first time, Compton-like as well as absorption processes for pseudoscalar and vector BSWs. No evidence for BSWs is found in the mass range from 10 $\mathrm{keV/c}^2$ to 1 $\mathrm{MeV/c}^2$, and we present the exclusion limits on the dimensionless coupling constants to electrons $g_{ae}$ for pseudoscalar and $\kappa$ for vector BSWs at 90% confidence level. Our results show that these limits are improved by including the Compton-like process in masses of BSW, above $\mathcal{O}(100\,\mathrm{keV/c}^2)$.
Published: 2023
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17. Search for solar bosonic dark matter annual modulation with COSINE-100

Author: Adhikari, G., Carlin, N., Choi, J. J., Choi, S., Ezeribe, A. C., França, L. E., Ha, C., Hahn, I. S., Hollick, S. J., Jeon, E. J., Jo, J. H., Joo, H. W., Kang, W. G., Kauer, M., Kim, B. H., Kim, H. J., Kim, J., Kim, K. W., Kim, S. H., Kim, S. K., Kim, W. K., Kim, Y. D., Kim, Y. H., Ko, Y. J., Lee, D. H., Lee, E. K., Lee, H., Lee, H. S., Lee, H. Y., Lee, I. S., Lee, J., Lee, J. Y., Lee, M. H., Lee, S. H., Lee, S. M., Lee, Y. J., Leonard, D. S., Luan, N. T., Manzato, B. B., Maruyama, R. H., Neal, R. J., Nikkel, J. A., Olsen, S. L., Park, B. J., Park, H. K., Park, H. S., Park, K. S., Park, S. D., Pitta, R. L. C., Prihtiadi, H., Ra, S. J., Rott, C., Shin, K. A., Cavalcante, D. F. F. S., Scarff, A., Spooner, N. J. C., Thompson, W. G., Yang, L., and Yu, G. H.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: We present results from a search for solar bosonic dark matter using the annual modulation method with the COSINE-100 experiment. The results were interpreted considering three dark sector bosons models: solar dark photon; DFSZ and KSVZ solar axion; and Kaluza-Klein solar axion. No modulation signal that is compatible with the expected from the models was found from a data-set of 2.82 yr, using 61.3 kg of NaI(Tl) crystals. Therefore, we set a 90$\%$ confidence level upper limits for each of the three models studied. For the solar dark photon model, the most stringent mixing parameter upper limit is $1.61 \times 10^{-14}$ for dark photons with a mass of 215 eV. For the DFSZ and KSVZ solar axion, and the Kaluza-Klein axion models, the upper limits exclude axion-electron couplings, $g_{ae}$, above $1.61 \times 10^{-11}$ for axion mass below 0.2 keV; and axion-photon couplings, $g_{a\gamma\gamma}$, above $1.83 \times 10^{-11}$ GeV$^{-1}$ for an axion number density of $4.07 \times 10^{13}$ cm$^{-3}$. This is the first experimental search for solar dark photons and DFSZ and KSVZ solar axions using the annual modulation method. The lower background, higher light yield and reduced threshold of NaI(Tl) crystals of the future COSINE-200 experiment are expected to enhance the sensitivity of the analysis shown in this paper. We show the sensitivities for the three models studied, considering the same search method with COSINE-200., Comment: 13 pages, 16 figures
Published: 2023
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18. An induced annual modulation signature in COSINE-100 data by DAMA/LIBRA's analysis method

Author: Adhikari, G., Carlin, N., Choi, J. J., Choi, S., Ezeribe, A. C., Franca, L. E., Ha, C., Hahn, I. S., Hollick, S. J., Jeon, E. J., Jo, J. H., Joo, H. W., Kang, W. G., Kauer, M., Kim, B. H., Kim, H. J., Kim, J., Kim, K. W., Kim, S. H., Kim, S. K., Kim, W. K., Kim, Y. D., Kim, Y. H., Ko, Y. J., Lee, D. H., Lee, E. K., Lee, H., Lee, H. S., Lee, H. Y., Lee, I. S., Lee, J., Lee, J. Y., Lee, M. H., Lee, S. H., Lee, S. M., Lee, Y. J., Leonard, D. S., Manzato, B. B., Maruyama, R. H., Neal, R. J., Nikkel, J. A., Olsen, S. L., Park, B. J., Park, H. K., Park, H. S., Park, K. S., Park, S. D., Pitta, R. L. C., Prihtiadi, H., Ra, S. J., Rott, C., Shin, K. A., Scarff, A., Spooner, N. J. C., Thompson, W. G., Yang, L., and Yu, G. H.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: The DAMA/LIBRA collaboration has reported the observation of an annual modulation in the event rate that has been attributed to dark matter interactions over the last two decades. However, even though tremendous efforts to detect similar dark matter interactions were pursued, no definitive evidence has been observed to corroborate the DAMA/LIBRA signal. Many studies assuming various dark matter models have attempted to reconcile DAMA/LIBRA's modulation signals and null results from other experiments, however no clear conclusion can be drawn. Apart from the dark matter hypothesis, several studies have examined the possibility that the modulation is induced by variations in their detector's environment or their specific analysis methods. In particular, a recent study presents a possible cause of the annual modulation from an analysis method adopted by the DAMA/LIBRA experiment in which the observed annual modulation could be reproduced by a slowly varying time-dependent background. Here, we study the COSINE-100 data using an analysis method similar to the one adopted by the DAMA/LIBRA experiment and observe a significant annual modulation, although the modulation phase is almost opposite to that of the DAMA/LIBRA data. Assuming the same background composition for COSINE-100 and DAMA/LIBRA, simulated experiments for the DAMA/LIBRA without dark matter signals also provide significant annual modulation with an amplitude similar to DAMA/LIBRA with opposite phase. Even though this observation does not explain the DAMA/LIBRA's results directly, this interesting phenomenon motivates deeper studies of the time-dependent DAMA/LIBRA background data.
Published: 2022
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19. Multi-detector fusion and Bayesian smoothing for tracking viral and chromatin structures

Author: Ritter, C., Lee, J.-Y., Pham, M.-T., Pabba, M.K., Cardoso, M.C., Bartenschlager, R., and Rohr, K.
Published: 2024
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20. An Understated Comorbidity: The Impact of Homelessness on Traumatic Brain Injury

Author: Monsour, M., Lee, J.-Y., and Borlongan, C.V.
Published: 2023
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21. Partial Relationships and Epistemic Injustice

Author: Lee, J. Y.
Published: 2023
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22. Search for the decay $B_s^0\rightarrow\eta\eta$

Author: Belle Collaboration, Bhuyan, B., Nath, K. J., Borah, J., Adachi, I., Aihara, H., Said, S. Al, Asner, D. M., Atmacan, H., Aulchenko, V., Aushev, T., Ayad, R., Babu, V., Badhrees, I., Bakich, A. M., Behera, P., Bennett, J., Bhardwaj, V., Bilka, T., Biswal, J., Bobrov, A., Bozek, A., Bračko, M., Browder, T. E., Campajola, M., Červenkov, D., Chekelian, V., Chen, A., Cheon, B. G., Chilikin, K., Cho, K., Choi, S. -K., Choi, Y., Choudhury, S., Cinabro, D., Cunliffe, S., Dash, N., Di Capua, F., Di Carlo, S., Doležal, Z., Dong, T. V., Dubey, S., Eidelman, S., Fast, J. E., Ferber, T., Fulsom, B. G., Gaur, V., Gabyshev, N., Garmash, A., Giri, A., Goldenzweig, P., Golob, B., Haba, J., Hara, T., Hartbrich, O., Hayasaka, K., Hayashii, H., Hou, W. -S., Iijima, T., Inami, K., Inguglia, G., Ishikawa, A., Itoh, R., Iwasaki, M., Iwasaki, Y., Jacobs, W. W., Jia, S., Jin, Y., Joffe, D., Joo, K. K., Kaliyar, A. B., Kang, K. H., Karyan, G., Kawasaki, T., Kichimi, H., Kiesling, C., Kim, D. Y., Kim, H. J., Kim, K. T., Kim, S. H., Kinoshita, K., Kodyš, P., Korpar, S., Kotchetkov, D., Križan, P., Kroeger, R., Krokovny, P., Kumar, R., Kuzmin, A., Kwon, Y. -J., Lange, J. S., Lee, J. K., Lee, J. Y., Lee, S. C., Li, C. H., Li, L. K., Li, Y. B., Gioi, L. Li, Libby, J., Lieret, K., Liventsev, D., Lu, P. -C., Luo, T., MacNaughton, J., MacQueen, C., Masuda, M., Matvienko, D., Merola, M., Miyabayashi, K., Miyata, H., Mizuk, R., Mohanty, G. B., Mori, T., Mussa, R., Nakano, T., Nakao, M., Nayak, M., Niiyama, M., Nisar, N. K., Nishida, S., Ogawa, K., Ogawa, S., Ono, H., Onuki, Y., Pakhlov, P., Pakhlova, G., Pal, B., Pang, T., Pardi, S., Park, H., Patra, S., Paul, S., Pedlar, T. K., Pestotnik, R., Piilonen, L. E., Popov, V., Prencipe, E., Ritter, M., Rostomyan, A., Russo, G., Sakai, Y., Salehi, M., Sandilya, S., Santelj, L., Sanuki, T., Savinov, V., Schneider, O., Schnell, G., Schueler, J., Schwanda, C., Seino, Y., Senyo, K., Sevior, M. E., Shebalin, V., Shen, C. P., Shiu, J. -G., Solovieva, E., Starič, M., Sumiyoshi, T., Sutcliffe, W., Takizawa, M., Tamponi, U., Tanida, K., Tenchini, F., Trabelsi, K., Uchida, M., Uglov, T., Unno, Y., Uno, S., Urquijo, P., Usov, Y., Vahsen, S. E., Van Tonder, R., Varner, G., Vossen, A., Wang, C. H., Wang, M. -Z., Wang, P., Wiechczynski, J., Won, E., Yang, S. B., Ye, H., Yin, J. H., Yusa, Y., Zhang, Z. P., Zhilich, V., and Zhukova, V.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: We report results from a search for the decay $B_s^0\rightarrow\eta\eta$ using 121.4 fb$^{-1}$ of data collected at the $\Upsilon(5S)$ resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy $e^+e^-$ collider. We do not observe any signal and set an upper limit on the branching fraction of $14.3\times 10^{-5}$ at $90\%$ confidence level. This result represents a significant improvement over the previous most stringent limit., Comment: 7 pages, 6 figures
Published: 2021
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23. Three-year annual modulation search with COSINE-100

Author: Collaboration, COSINE-100, Adhikari, G., de Souza, E. Barbosa, Carlin, N., Choi, J. J., Choi, S., Ezeribe, A. C., França, L. E., Ha, C., Hahn, I. S., Hollick, S. J., Jeon, E. J., Jo, J. H., Joo, H. W., Kang, W. G., Kauer, M., Kim, H., Kim, H. J., Kim, J., Kim, K. W., Kim, S. H., Kim, S. K., Kim, W. K., Kim, Y. D., Kim, Y. H., Ko, Y. J., Kwon, H. J., Lee, D. H., Lee, E. K., Lee, H., Lee, H. S., Lee, H. Y., Lee, I. S., Lee, J., Lee, J. Y., Lee, M. H., Lee, S. H., Lee, S. M., Leonard, D. S., Manzato, B. B., Maruyama, R. H., Neal, R. J., Olsen, S. L., Park, B. J., Park, H. K., Park, H. S., Park, K. S., Park, S. D., Pitta, R. L. C., Prihtiadi, H., Ra, S. J., Rott, C., Shin, K. A., Scarff, A., Spooner, N. J. C., Thompson, W. G., Yang, L., and Yu, G. H.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: COSINE-100 is a direct detection dark matter experiment that aims to test DAMA/LIBRA's claim of dark matter discovery by searching for a dark matter-induced annual modulation signal with NaI(Tl) detectors. We present new constraints on the annual modulation signal from a dataset with a 2.82 yr livetime utilizing an active mass of 61.3 kg, for a total exposure of 173 kg$\cdot$yr. This new result features an improved event selection that allows for both lowering the energy threshold to 1 keV and a more precise time-dependent background model. In the 1-6 keV and 2-6 keV energy intervals, we observe best-fit values for the modulation amplitude of 0.0067$\pm$0.0042 and 0.0051$\pm$0.0047 counts/(day$\cdot$kg$\cdot$keV), respectively, with a phase fixed at 152.5 days., Comment: 11 pages, 8 figures
Published: 2021
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24. Study on NaI(Tl) crystal at -35 C for dark matter detection

Author: Lee, S. H., Kim, G. S., Kim, H. J., Kim, K. W., Lee, J. Y., and Lee, H. S.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: We present the responses of a NaI(Tl) crystal in terms of the light yield and pulse shape characteristics of nuclear recoil events at two different temperatures: 22 C (room temperature) and -35 C (low temperature). The light yield is measured using 59.54 keV gamma-rays using a 241Am source relative to the mean charge of single photoelectrons. At the low temperature, we measure a 4.7 +/- 1.3% increase in the light yield compared to that at room temperature. A significantly increased decay time is also observed at the low temperature. The responses to nuclear recoil events are measured using neutrons from a 252Cf source and compared to those to electron recoil events. The measured pulse shape discrimination (PSD) power of the NaI(Tl) crystal at the low temperature is found to be improved in the entire energy range studied because of the increased light yield and the different scintillation characteristics. We also find an approximately 9% increased quenching factor of alpha-induced events, which is the light yield ratio of alpha recoil to electron recoil, at the low temperature. This supports the possibility of an increased quenching factor of the nuclear recoil events that are known to have similar processes of dark matter interaction. The increased light yield and the improved PSD power of nuclear recoil events enhance the sensitivity for dark matter detection via dark matter-nuclei interactions.
Published: 2021
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25. Searching for low-mass dark matter via Migdal effect in COSINE-100

Author: Adhikari, G., Carlin, N., Choi, J. J., Choi, S., Ezeribe, A. C., Franca, L. E., Ha, C., Hahn, I. S., Hollick, S. J., Jeon, E. J., Jo, J. H., Joo, H. W., Kang, W. G., Kauer, M., Kim, H., Kim, H. J., Kim, J., Kim, K. W., Kim, S. H., Kim, S. K., Kim, W. K., Kim, Y. D., Kim, Y. H., Ko, Y. J., Kwon, H. J., Lee, D. H., Lee, E. K., Lee, H., Lee, H. S., Lee, H. Y., Lee, I. S., Lee, J., Lee, J. Y., Lee, M. H., Lee, S. H., Lee, S. M., Leonard, D. S., Manzato, B. B., Maruyama, R. H., Neal, R. J., Olsen, S. L., Park, B. J., Park, H. K., Park, H. S., Park, K. S., Park, S. D., Pitta, R. L. C., Prihtiadi, H., Ra, S. J., Rott, C., Shin, K. A., Scarff, A., Spooner, N. J. C., Thompson, W. G., Yang, L., and Yu, G. H.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: We report on the search for weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP) dark matter candidates in the galactic halo that interact with sodium and iodine nuclei in the COSINE-100 experiment and produce energetic electrons that accompany recoil nuclei via the the Migdal effect. The WIMP mass sensitivity of previous COSINE-100 searches that relied on the detection of ionization signals produced by target nuclei recoiling from elastic WIMP-nucleus scattering was restricted to WIMP masses above $\sim$5 GeV/$c^2$ by the detectors' 1 keVee energy-electron-equivalent threshold. The search reported here looks for recoil signals enhanced by the Migdal electrons that are ejected during the scattering process. This is particularly effective for the detection of low-mass WIMP scattering from the crystals' sodium nuclei in which a relatively larger fraction of the WIMP's energy is transferred to the nucleus recoil energy and the excitation of its orbital electrons. In this analysis, the low-mass WIMP search window of the COSINE-100 experiment is extended to WIMP mass down to 200 MeV/$c^2$. The low-mass WIMP sensitivity will be further improved by lowering the analysis threshold based on a multivariable analysis technique. We consider the influence of these improvements and recent developments in detector performance to re-evaluate sensitivities for the future COSINE-200 experiment. With a 0.2 keVee analysis threshold and high light-yield NaI(Tl) detectors (22 photoelectrons/keVee), the COSINE-200 experiment can explore low-mass WIMPs down to 20 MeV/$c^2$ and probe previously unexplored regions of parameter space., Comment: 10 pages, 8 figures
Published: 2021
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26. Study of $\chi_{bJ}(nP) \rightarrow \omega \Upsilon(1S)$ at Belle

Author: Belle Collaboration, Abdesselam, A., Adachi, I., Adamczyk, K., Ahn, J. K., Aihara, H., Said, S. Al, Arinstein, K., Arita, Y., Asner, D. M., Atmacan, H., Aulchenko, V., Aushev, T., Ayad, R., Aziz, T., Babu, V., Bahinipati, S., Bakich, A. M., Ban, Y., Barberio, E., Barrett, M., Bauer, M., Behera, P., Beleño, C., Belous, K., Bennett, J., Bernlochner, F., Bessner, M., Besson, D., Bhardwaj, V., Bhuyan, B., Bilka, T., Bilokin, S., Biswal, J., Bloomfield, T., Bobrov, A., Bodrov, D., Bondar, A., Bonvicini, G., Bozek, A., Bra\v, M., Branchini, P., Braun, N., Breibeck, F., Browder, T. E., Budano, A., Campajola, M., Cao, L., Caria, G., \v, D., Chang, M. -C., Chang, P., Chao, Y., Chekelian, V., Chen, A., Chen, K. -F., Chen, Y., Chen, Y. -T., Cheon, B. G., Chilikin, K., Cho, H. E., Cho, K., Cho, S. -J., Chobanova, V., Choi, S. -K., Choi, Y., Choudhury, S., Cinabro, D., Crnkovic, J., Cunliffe, S., Czank, T., Das, S., Dash, N., De Nardo, G., De Pietro, G., Dhamija, R., Di Capua, F., Dingfelder, J., Dole\v, Z., Dong, T. V., Dossett, D., Drásal, Z., Dubey, S., Ecker, P., Eidelman, S., Epifanov, D., Feindt, M., Ferber, T., Frey, A., Fulsom, B. G., Garg, R., Gaur, V., Gabyshev, N., Garmash, A., Gelb, M., Gemmler, J., Getzkow, D., Giordano, F., Giri, A., Goldenzweig, P., Golob, B., Gong, G., Graziani, E., Greenwald, D., Perdekamp, M. Grosse, Grygier, J., Gu, T., Guan, Y., Gudkova, K., Guido, E., Guo, H., Haba, J., Hadjivasiliou, C., Halder, S., Hamer, P., Hara, K., Hara, T., Hartbrich, O., Hasenbusch, J., Hayasaka, K., Hayashii, H., Hazra, S., He, X. H., Heck, M., Hedges, M. T., Heffernan, D., Heider, M., Heller, A., Villanueva, M. Hernandez, Higuchi, T., Hirose, S., Hoshina, K., Hou, W. -S., Hsiung, Y. B., Hsu, C. -L., Huang, K., Huschle, M., Igarashi, Y., Iijima, T., Imamura, M., Inami, K., Inguglia, G., Ishikawa, A., Itoh, R., Iwasaki, M., Iwasaki, Y., Iwata, S., Jacobs, W. W., Jaegle, I., Jang, E. -J., Jeon, H. B., Jia, S., Jin, Y., Joffe, D., Joo, C. W., Joo, K. K., Julius, T., Kahn, J., Kakuno, H., Kaliyar, A. B., Kang, J. H., Kang, K. H., Kapusta, P., Karyan, G., Kataoka, S. U., Kato, Y., Kawai, H., Kawasaki, T., Keck, T., Kichimi, H., Kiesling, C., Kim, B. H., Kim, C. H., Kim, D. Y., Kim, H. J., Kim, H. -J., Kim, J. B., Kim, K. -H., Kim, K. T., Kim, S. H., Kim, S. K., Kim, Y. J., Kim, Y. -K., Kimmel, T., Kindo, H., Kinoshita, K., Kleinwort, C., Klucar, J., Kobayashi, N., Kody\v, P., Koga, Y., Komarov, I., Konno, T., Korobov, A., Korpar, S., Kovalenko, E., Kri\v, P., Kroeger, R., Krohn, J. -F., Krokovny, P., Kronenbitter, B., Kuhr, T., Kulasiri, R., Kumar, M., Kumar, R., Kumara, K., Kumita, T., Kurihara, E., Kuroki, Y., Kuzmin, A., Kvasni\v, P., Kwon, Y. -J., Lai, Y. -T., Lalwani, K., Lange, J. S., Laurenza, M., Lee, I. S., Lee, J. K., Lee, J. Y., Lee, S. C., Leitgab, M., Leitner, R., Levit, D., Lewis, P., Li, C. H., Li, H., Li, J., Li, L. K., Li, Y. B., Gioi, L. Li, Libby, J., Lieret, K., Limosani, A., Liptak, Z., Liu, C., Liu, Y., Liventsev, D., Loos, A., Louvot, R., Lubej, M., Luo, T., MacNaughton, J., Masuda, M., Matsuda, T., Matvienko, D., McNeil, J. T., Merola, M., Metzner, F., Miyabayashi, K., Miyachi, Y., Miyake, H., Miyata, H., Miyazaki, Y., Mizuk, R., Mohanty, G. B., Mohanty, S., Moon, H. K., Moon, T. J., Mori, T., Morii, T., Moser, H. -G., Mrvar, M., Müller, T., Muramatsu, N., Mussa, R., Nagasaka, Y., Nakahama, Y., Nakamura, I., Nakamura, K. R., Nakano, E., Nakano, T., Nakao, M., Nakayama, H., Nakazawa, H., Nanut, T., Natkaniec, Z., Natochii, A., Nayak, L., Nayak, M., Ng, C., Niebuhr, C., Niiyama, M., Nisar, N. K., Nishida, S., Nishimura, K., Nitoh, O., Ogawa, A., Ogawa, K., Ogawa, S., Ohshima, T., Okuno, S., Olsen, S. L., Ono, H., Onuki, Y., Oskin, P., Ostrowicz, W., Oswald, C., Ozaki, H., Pakhlov, P., Pakhlova, G., Pal, B., Pang, T., Panzenböck, E., Pardi, S., Park, C. -S., Park, C. W., Park, H., Park, K. S., Park, S. -H., Passeri, A., Patra, S., Paul, S., Pedlar, T. K., Peng, T., Pes\', L., Pestotnik, R., Peters, M., Piilonen, L. E., Podobnik, T., Popov, V., Prasanth, K., Prencipe, E., Prim, M. T., Prothmann, K., Purohit, M. V., Rabusov, A., Rauch, J., Reisert, B., Resmi, P. K., Ribe\v, E., Ritter, M., R\", M., Rostomyan, A., Rout, N., Rozanska, M., Russo, G., Sahoo, D., Sakai, Y., Salehi, M., Sandilya, S., Santel, D., Santelj, L., Sanuki, T., Sasaki, J., Sasao, N., Sato, Y., Savinov, V., Schmolz, P., Schneider, O., Schnell, G., Schram, M., Schueler, J., Schwanda, C., Schwartz, A. J., Schwenker, B., Seidl, R., Seino, Y., Semmler, D., Senyo, K., Seon, O., Seong, I. S., Sevior, M. E., Shang, L., Shapkin, M., Sharma, C., Shebalin, V., Shen, C. P., Shibata, T. -A., Shibuya, H., Shinomiya, S., Shiu, J. -G., Shwartz, B., Sibidanov, A., Simon, F., Singh, J. B., Sinha, R., Smith, K., Sokolov, A., Soloviev, Y., Solovieva, E., Stani\v, S., Stari\v, M., Steder, M., Stottler, Z. S., Strube, J. F., Stypula, J., Sugihara, S., Sugiyama, A., Sumihama, M., Sumisawa, K., Sumiyoshi, T., Sutcliffe, W., Suzuki, K., Suzuki, S., Suzuki, S. Y., Takeichi, H., Takizawa, M., Tamponi, U., Tanaka, M., Tanaka, S., Tanida, K., Taniguchi, N., Tao, Y., Taylor, G. N., Tenchini, F., Teramoto, Y., Thampi, A., Tiwary, R., Trabelsi, K., Tsuboyama, T., Uchida, M., Ueda, I., Uehara, S., Uglov, T., Unno, Y., Uno, K., Uno, S., Urquijo, P., Ushiroda, Y., Usov, Y., Vahsen, S. E., Van Hulse, C., Van Tonder, R., Vanhoefer, P., Varner, G., Varvell, K. E., Vervink, K., Vinokurova, A., Vorobyev, V., Vossen, A., Wagner, M. N., Waheed, E., Wang, B., Wang, C. H., Wang, D., Wang, E., Wang, M. -Z., Wang, P., Wang, X. L., Watanabe, M., Watanabe, Y., Watanuki, S., Wedd, R., Wehle, S., Werbycka, O., Widmann, E., Wiechczynski, J., Won, E., Xu, X., Yabsley, B. D., Yamada, S., Yamamoto, H., Yamashita, Y., Yan, W., Yang, S. B., Yashchenko, S., Ye, H., Yelton, J., Yin, J. H., Yook, Y., Yuan, C. Z., Yusa, Y., Zhang, C. C., Zhang, J., Zhang, L. M., Zhang, Z. P., Zhao, L., Zhilich, V., Zhukova, V., Zhulanov, V., Zivko, T., Zupanc, A., and Zwahlen, N.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: We report results from a study of hadronic transitions of the $\chi_{bJ}(nP)$ states of bottomonium at Belle. The $P$-wave states are reconstructed in transitions to the $\Upsilon(1S)$ with the emission of an $\omega$ meson. The transitions of the $n=2$ triplet states provide a unique laboratory in which to study nonrelativistic quantum chromodynamics, as the kinematic threshold for production of an $\omega$ and $\Upsilon(1S)$ lies between the $J=0$ and $J=1$ states. A search for the $\chi_{bJ}(3P)$ states is also reported.
Published: 2021

27. Bystander Omissions and Accountability for Testimonial Injustice

Author: Lee, J. Y., primary
Published: 2023
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28. Alpha backgrounds in the AMoRE-Pilot experiment

Author: Alenkov, V., Bae, H. W., Beyer, J., Boiko, R. S., Boonin, K., Buzanov, O., Chanthima, N., Cheoun, M. K., Choi, S. H., Danevich, F. A., Djamal, M., Drung, D., Enss, C., Fleischmann, A., Gangapshev, A., Gastaldo, L., Gavriljuk, Yu. M., Gezhaev, A., Grigoryeva, V. D., Gurentsov, V., Ha, D. H., Ha, C., Ha, E. J., Hahn, I., Jeon, E. J., Jeon, J., Jo, H. S., Kaewkhao, J., Kang, C. S., Kang, S. J., Kang, W. G., Karki, S., Kazalov, V., Khan, A., Khan, S., Kim, D. -Y., Kim, G. W., Kim, H. B., Kim, H. J., Kim, H. L., Kim, H. S., Kim, I., Kim, W. T., Kim, S., Kim, S. C., Kim, S. K., Kim, Y. D., Kim, Y. H., Kirdsiri, K., Ko, Y. J., Kobychev, V. V., Kornoukhov, V., Kuzminov, V., Kwon, D. H., Lee, C., Lee, E. K., Lee, H. J., Lee, H. S., Lee, J., Lee, J. S., Lee, J. Y., Lee, K. B., Lee, M. H., Lee, M. K., Lee, S. H., Lee, S. W., Leonard, D. S., Li, J., Li, Y., Limkitjaroenporn, P., Mailyan, B., Makarov, E. P., Oh, S. Y., Oh, Y. M., Gileva, O., Olsen, S., Pabitra, A., Panasenko, S., Pandey, I., Park, C. W., Park, H. K., Park, H. S., Park, K. S., Park, S. Y., Polischuk, O. G., Prihtiadi, H., Ra, S. J., Ratkevich, S., Rooh, G., Sari, M. B., Seo, J., Seo, K. M., Shin, J. W., Shin, K. A., Shlegel, V. N., Siyeon, K., Sokur, N. V., Son, J. -K., Srisittipokakun, N., Toibaev, N., Tretyak, V. I., Wirawan, R., Woo, K. R., Yoon, Y. S., and Yue, Q.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: The Advanced Mo-based Rare process Experiment (AMoRE)-Pilot experiment is an initial phase of the AMoRE search for neutrinoless double beta decay of $^{100}$Mo, with the purpose of investigating the level and sources of backgrounds. Searches for neutrinoless double beta decay generally require ultimately low backgrounds. Surface $\alpha$ decays on the crystals themselves or nearby materials can deposit a continuum of energies that can be as high as the $Q$-value of the decay itself and may fall in the region of interest (ROI). To understand these background events, we studied backgrounds from radioactive contaminations internal to and on the surface of the crystals or nearby materials with Geant4-based Monte Carlo simulations. In this study, we report on the measured $\alpha$ energy spectra fitted with the corresponding simulated spectra for six crystal detectors, where sources of background contributions could be identified through high energy $\alpha$ peaks and continuum parts in the energy spectrum for both internal and surface contaminations. We determine the low-energy contributions from internal and surface $\alpha$ contaminations by extrapolating from the $\alpha$ background fitting model.
Published: 2021
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29. The environmental monitoring system at the COSINE-100 experiment

Author: Kim, H., Adhikari, G., de Souza, E. Barbosa, Carlin, N., Choi, J. J., Choi, S., Djamal, M., Ezeribe, A. C., França, L. E., Ha, C., Hahn, I. S., Jeon, E. J., Jo, J. H., Joo, H. W., Kang, W. G., Kauer, M., Kim, H. J., Kim, K. W., Kim, S. H., Kim, S. K., Kim, W. K., Kim, Y. D., Kim, Y. H., Ko, Y. J., Lee, E. K., Lee, H., Lee, H. S., Lee, H. Y., Lee, I. S., Lee, J., Lee, J. Y., Lee, M. H., Lee, S. H., Lee, S. M., Leonard, D. S., Manzato, B. B., Maruyama, R. H., Neal, R. J., Olsen, S. L., Park, B. J., Park, H. K., Park, H. S., Park, K. S., Pitta, R. L. C., Prihtiadi, H., Ra, S. J., Rott, C., Shin, K. A., Scarff, A., Spooner, N. J. C., Thompson, W. G., Yang, L., and Yu, G. H.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: The COSINE-100 experiment is designed to test the DAMA experiment which claimed an observation of a dark matter signal from an annual modulation in their residual event rate. To measure the 1 %-level signal amplitude, it is crucial to control and monitor nearly all environmental quantities that might systematically mimic the signal. The environmental monitoring also helps ensure a stable operation of the experiment. Here, we describe the design and performance of the centralized environmental monitoring system for the COSINE-100 experiment., Comment: 13 pages, 11 figures
Published: 2021
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30. Measurement of ${\mathcal B}$($B_s \rightarrow D_s X$) with $B_s$ Semileptonic Tagging

Author: Wang, B., Kinoshita, K., Aihara, H., Asner, D. M., Aushev, T., Ayad, R., Babu, V., Badhrees, I., Bakich, A. M., Behera, P., Beleño, C., Bennett, J., Bessner, M., Bhardwaj, V., Bilka, T., Biswal, J., Bobrov, A., Bonvicini, G., Bozek, A., Bračko, M., Browder, T. E., Campajola, M., Cao, L., Červenkov, D., Chen, A., Chilikin, K., Cho, H. E., Cho, K., Choi, S. -K., Choi, Y., Cinabro, D., Cunliffe, S., Dash, N., Di Capua, F., Di Carlo, S., Doležal, Z., Eidelman, S., Epifanov, D., Fast, J. E., Ferber, T., Fulsom, B. G., Garg, R., Gaur, V., Garmash, A., Giri, A., Goldenzweig, P., Guan, Y., Hayashii, H., Hou, W. -S., Inami, K., Ishikawa, A., Iwasaki, M., Iwasaki, Y., Jia, S., Jin, Y., Joffe, D., Joo, K. K., Kaliyar, A. B., Kang, K. H., Karyan, G., Kiesling, C., Kim, D. Y., Kim, K. T., Kim, S. H., Kodyš, P., Korpar, S., Kotchetkov, D., Križan, P., Kroeger, R., Krokovny, P., Kuhr, T., Kuzmin, A., Kwon, Y. -J., Lange, J. S., Lee, I. S., Lee, J. Y., Lee, S. C., Li, L. K., Li, Y. B., Gioi, L. Li, Libby, J., Lieret, K., Liventsev, D., Luo, T., MacNaughton, J., MacQueen, C., Masuda, M., Matsuda, T., Matvienko, D., Merola, M., Mizuk, R., Mohanty, G. B., Mussa, R., Nakao, M., Nath, K. J., Nayak, M., Nisar, N. K., Nishida, S., Nishimura, K., Ogawa, S., Ono, H., Onuki, Y., Pakhlova, G., Pal, B., Pang, T., Pardi, S., Park, H., Park, S. -H., Pedlar, T. K., Pestotnik, R., Piilonen, L. E., Popov, V., Prencipe, E., Ritter, M., Rostomyan, A., Russo, G., Sandilya, S., Santelj, L., Sanuki, T., Savinov, V., Schneider, O., Schnell, G., Schwanda, C., Schwartz, A. J., Seino, Y., Senyo, K., Sevior, M. E., Shebalin, V., Shiu, J. -G., Sokolov, A., Solovieva, E., Starič, M., Strube, J. F., Sumiyoshi, T., Takizawa, M., Tanida, K., Tenchini, F., Uglov, T., Uno, S., Usov, Y., Van Tonder, R., Varner, G., Vinokurova, A., Waheed, E., Wang, C. H., Wang, M. -Z., Wang, P., Werbycka, O., Won, E., Yang, S. B., Ye, H., Yusa, Y., Zhang, Z. P., Zhilich, V., Zhukova, V., and Zhulanov, V.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: We report the first direct measurement of the inclusive branching fraction ${\mathcal B}(B_s \rightarrow D_s X)$ via $B_s$ tagging in $e^+e^-\to\Upsilon$(5S) events. Tagging is accomplished through a partial reconstruction of semileptonic decays $B_s \rightarrow D_s X \ell \nu$, where $X$ denotes unreconstructed additional hadrons or photons and $\ell$ is an electron or muon. With 121.4 fb$^{-1}$ of data collected at the $\Upsilon$(5S) resonance by the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy $e^+ e^-$ collider, we obtain ${\mathcal B}(B_s \rightarrow D_s X)$ = $(60.2 \pm 5.8 \pm 2.3)$\%, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic.
Published: 2021
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31. Strong constraints from COSINE-100 on the DAMA dark matter results using the same sodium iodide target

Author: Adhikari, G., de Souza, E. Barbosa, Carlin, N., Choi, J. J., Choi, S., Djamal, M., Ezeribe, A. C., França, L. E., Ha, C., Hahn, I. S., Jeon, E. J., Jo, J. H., Joo, H. W., Kang, W. G., Kauer, M., Kim, H., Kim, H. J., Kim, K. W., Kim, S. H., Kim, S. K., Kim, W. K., Kim, Y. D., Kim, Y. H., Ko, Y. J., Lee, E. K., Lee, H., Lee, H. S., Lee, H. Y., Lee, I. S., Lee, J., Lee, J. Y., Lee, M. H., Lee, S. H., Lee, S. M., Leonard, D. S., Manzato, B. B., Maruyama, R. H., Neal, R. J., Olsen, S. L., Park, B. J., Park, H. K., Park, H. S., Park, K. S., Pitta, R. L. C., Prihtiadi, H., Ra, S. J., Rott, C., Shin, K. A., Scar, A., Spooner, N. J. C., Thompson, W. G., Yang, L., and Yu, G. H.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: We present new constraints on dark matter interactions using 1.7 years of COSINE-100 data. The COSINE-100 experiment, consisting of 106 kg of tallium-doped sodium iodide (NaI(Tl)) target material, is aimed at testing DAMA's claim of dark matter observation using the same NaI(Tl) detectors. Improved event selection requirements, a more precise understanding of the detector background and the use of a larger data set considerably enhances the COSINE-100 sensitivity for dark matter detection. No signal consistent with the dark matter interaction is identified, and rules out model-dependent dark matter interpretations of the DAMA signals in the specific context of standard halo model with the same NaI(Tl) target for various interaction hypotheses.
Published: 2021
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32. Identification of new isomers in $^{228}$Ac : Impact on dark matter searches

Author: Kim, K. W., Adhikari, G., de Souza, E. Barbosa, Carlin, N., Choi, J. J., Choi, S., Djamal, M., Ezeribe, A. C., Franca, L. E., Ha, C., Hahn, I. S., Jeon, E. J., Jo, J. H., Joo, H. W., Kang, W. G., Kauer, M., Kim, H., Kim, H. J., Kim, S. H., Kim, S. K., Kim, W. K., Kim, Y. D., Kim, Y. H., Ko, Y. J., Lee, E. K., Lee, H., Lee, H. S., Lee, H. Y., Lee, I. S., Lee, J., Lee, J. Y., Lee, M. H., Lee, S. H., Lee, S. M., Leonard, D. S., Manzato, B. B., Maruyama, R. H., Neal, R. J., Olsen, S. L., Park, B. J., Park, H. K., Park, H. S., Park, K. S., Pitta, R. L. C., Prihtiadi, H., Ra, S. J., Rott, C., Shin, K. A., Scarff, A., Spooner, N. J. C., Thompson, W. G., Yang, L., and Yu, G. H.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: We report the identification of metastable isomeric states of $^{228}$Ac at 6.28 keV, 6.67 keV and 20.19 keV, with lifetimes of an order of 100 ns. These states are produced by the $\beta$-decay of $^{228}$Ra, a component of the $^{232}$Th decay chain, with $\beta$ Q-values of 39.52 keV, 39.13 keV and 25.61 keV, respectively. Due to its low Q-value as well as the relative abundance of $^{232}$Th and their progeny in low background experiments, these observations potentially impact the low-energy background modeling of dark matter search experiments., Comment: 9 pages, 9 figures
Published: 2021
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33. Background modeling for dark matter search with 1.7 years of COSINE-100 data

Author: Adhikari, G., Adhikari, P., de Souza, E. Barbosa, Carlin, N., Choi, J. J., Choi, S., Djamal, M., Ezeribe, A. C., Franca, L. E., Ha, C., Hahn, I. S., Jeon, E. J., Jo, J. H., Kang, W. G., Kauer, M., Kim, G. S., Kim, H., Kim, H. J., Kim, K. W., Kim, N. Y., Kim, S. K., Kim, Y. D., Kim, Y. H., Ko, Y. J., Kudryavtsev, V. A., Lee, E. K., Lee, H. S., Lee, J., Lee, J. Y., Lee, M. H., Lee, S. H., Leonard, D. S., Lynch, W. A., Manzato, B. B., Maruyama, R. H., Neal, R. J., Olsen, S. L., Park, H. K., Park, H. S., Park, K. S., Pitta, R. L. C., Prihtiadi, H., Ra, S. J., Rott, C., Shin, K. A., Scarff, A., Spooner, N. J. C., Thompson, W. G., Yang, L., and Yu, G. H.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: We present a background model for dark matter searches using an array of NaI(Tl) crystals in the COSINE-100 experiment that is located in the Yangyang underground laboratory. The model includes background contributions from both internal and external sources, including cosmogenic radionuclides and surface $^{210}$Pb contamination. To build the model in the low energy region, with a threshold of 1 keV, we used a depth profile of $^{210}$Pb contamination in the surface of the NaI(Tl) crystals determined in a comparison between measured and simulated spectra. We also considered the effect of the energy scale errors propagated from the statistical uncertainties and the nonlinear detector response at low energies. The 1.7 years COSINE-100 data taken between October 21, 2016 and July 18, 2018 were used for this analysis. Our Monte Carlo simulation provides a non-Gaussian peak around 50 keV originating from beta decays of bulk $^{210}$Pb in a good agreement with the measured background. This model estimates that the activities of bulk $^{210}$Pb and $^{3}$H are dominating the background rate that amounts to an average level of 2.85$\pm$0.15 counts/day/keV/kg in the energy region of (1-6) keV, using COSINE-100 data with a total exposure of 97.7 kg$\cdot$years.
Published: 2021
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34. Search for sterile neutrino oscillation using RENO and NEOS data

Author: Atif, Z., Choi, J. H., Han, B. Y., Jang, C. H., Jang, H. I., Jang, J. S., Jeon, E. J., Jeon, S. H., Joo, K. K., Ju, K., Jung, D. E., Kim, H. J., Kim, H. S., Kim, J. G., Kim, J. H., Kim, B. R., Kim, J. Y., Kim, S. B., Kim, S. Y., Kim, W., Kim, Y. D., Ko, Y. J., Kwon, E., Lee, D. H., Lee, H. G., Lee, J., Lee, J. Y., Lee, M. H., Oh, Y. M., Lim, I. T., Moon, D. H., Park, H. K., Park, H. S., Park, K. S., Pac, M. Y., Seo, H., Seo, J. W., Seo, K. M., Shin, C. D., Siyeon, K., Sun, G. M., Yang, B. S., Yoo, J., Yoon, S. G., Yeo, I. S., and Yu, I.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: We present a reactor model independent search for sterile neutrino oscillation using 2\,509\,days of RENO near detector data and 180 days of NEOS data. The reactor related systematic uncertainties are significantly suppressed as both detectors are located at the same reactor complex of Hanbit Nuclear Power Plant. The search is performed by electron antineutrino\,($\overline{\nu}_e$) disappearance between six reactors and two detectors with baselines of 294\,m\,(RENO) and 24\,m\,(NEOS). A spectral comparison of the NEOS prompt-energy spectrum with a no-oscillation prediction from the RENO measurement can explore reactor $\overline{\nu}_e$ oscillations to sterile neutrino. Based on the comparison, we obtain a 95\% C.L. excluded region of $0.1<|\Delta m_{41}^2|<7$\,eV$^2$. We also obtain a 68\% C.L. allowed region with the best fit of $|\Delta m_{41}^2|=2.41\,\pm\,0.03\,$\,eV$^2$ and $\sin^2 2\theta_{14}$=0.08$\,\pm\,$0.03 with a p-value of 8.2\%. Comparisons of obtained reactor antineutrino spectra at reactor sources are made among RENO, NEOS, and Daya Bay to find a possible spectral variation., Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures: This manuscript has been significantly revised by the joint reanalysis by RENO and NEOS Collaborations. (In the previous edition, the RENO collaboration used publicly available NEOS data to evaluate the expected neutrino spectrum at NEOS.); auxiliary file for data release including error matrix (RENO_NEOS_data_release.txt)
Published: 2020
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35. Observation of Coulomb-assisted nuclear bound state of $\Xi^-$-$^{14}$N system

Author: Hayakawa, S. H., Agari, K., Ahn, J. K., Akaishi, T., Akazawa, Y., Ashikaga, S., Bassalleck, B., Bleser, S., Ekawa, H., Endo, Y., Fujikawa, Y., Fujioka, N., Fujita, M., Goto, R., Han, Y., Hasegawa, S., Hashimoto, T., Hayakawa, T., Hayata, E., Hicks, K., Hirose, E., Hirose, M., Honda, R., Hoshino, K., Hoshino, S., Hosomi, K., Hwang, S. H., Ichikawa, Y., Ichikawa, M., Imai, K., Inaba, K., Ishikawa, Y., Ito, H., Ito, K., Jung, W. S., Kanatsuki, S., Kanauchi, H., Kasagi, A., Kawai, T., Kim, M. H., Kim, S. H., Kinbara, S., Kiuchi, R., Kobayashi, H., Kobayashi, K., Koike, T., Koshikawa, A., Lee, J. Y., Ma, T. L., Matsumoto, S. Y., Minakawa, M., Miwa, K., Moe, A. T., Moon, T. J., Moritsu, M., Nagase, Y., Nakada, Y., Nakagawa, M., Nakashima, D., Nakazawa, K., Nanamura, T., Naruki, M., Nyaw, A. N. L., Ogura, Y., Ohashi, M., Oue, K., Ozawa, S., Pochodzalla, J., Ryu, S. Y., Sako, H., Sato, S., Sato, Y., Schupp, F., Shirotori, K., Soe, M. M., Soe, M. K., Sohn, J. Y., Sugimura, H., Suzuki, K. N., Takahashi, H., Takahashi, T., Takeda, T., Tamura, H., Tanida, K., Theint, A. M. M., Tint, K. T., Toyama, Y., Ukai, M., Umezaki, E., Watabe, T., Watanabe, K., Yamamoto, T. O., Yang, S. B., Yoon, C. S., Yoshida, J., Yoshimoto, M., Zhang, D. H., and Zhang, Z.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: In an emulsion-counter hybrid experiment performed at J-PARC, a $\Xi^-$ absorption event was observed which decayed into twin single-$\Lambda$ hypernuclei. Kinematic calculations enabled a unique identification of the reaction process as $\Xi^{-} + ^{14}$N$\ \rightarrow\ ^{10}_\Lambda$Be + $^5_\Lambda$He. For the binding energy of the $\Xi^{-}$ hyperon in the $\Xi^-$-$^{14}$N system a value of $1.27 \pm 0.21$ MeV was deduced. The energy level of $\Xi^-$ is likely a nuclear $1p$ state which indicates a weak ${\Xi}N$-$\Lambda\Lambda$ coupling.
Published: 2020
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36. Search for the Decay $B_s^0 \rightarrow \eta^\prime \eta$

Author: Belle Collaboration, Abdesselam, A., Adachi, I., Adamczyk, K., Ahn, J. K., Aihara, H., Said, S. Al, Arinstein, K., Arita, Y., Asner, D. M., Atmacan, H., Aulchenko, V., Aushev, T., Ayad, R., Aziz, T., Babu, V., Bahinipati, S., Bakich, A. M., Ban, Y., Barberio, E., Barrett, M., Bauer, M., Behera, P., Beleño, C., Belous, K., Bennett, J., Berger, M., Bernlochner, F., Bessner, M., Besson, D., Bhardwaj, V., Bhuyan, B., Bilka, T., Biswal, J., Bloomfield, T., Bobrov, A., Bondar, A., Bonvicini, G., Bozek, A., Bračko, M., Braun, N., Breibeck, F., Browder, T. E., Campajola, M., Cao, L., Caria, G., Červenkov, D., Chang, M. -C., Chang, P., Chao, Y., Chekelian, V., Chen, A., Chen, K. -F., Chen, Y., Chen, Y. -T., Cheon, B. G., Chilikin, K., Cho, H. E., Cho, K., Cho, S. -J., Chobanova, V., Choi, S. -K., Choi, Y., Choudhury, S., Cinabro, D., Crnkovic, J., Cunliffe, S., Czank, T., Das, S., Dash, N., De Nardo, G., Dhamija, R., Di Capua, F., Dingfelder, J., Doležal, Z., Dong, T. V., Dossett, D., Drásal, Z., Dubey, S., Eidelman, S., Epifanov, D., Feindt, M., Ferber, T., Frey, A., Frost, O., Fulsom, B. G., Garg, R., Gaur, V., Gabyshev, N., Garmash, A., Gelb, M., Gemmler, J., Getzkow, D., Giordano, F., Giri, A., Goldenzweig, P., Golob, B., Greenwald, D., Perdekamp, M. Grosse, Grygier, J., Grzymkowska, O., Guan, Y., Guido, E., Guo, H., Haba, J., Hadjivasiliou, C., Hamer, P., Hara, K., Hara, T., Hartbrich, O., Hasenbusch, J., Hayasaka, K., Hayashii, H., He, X. H., Heck, M., Hedges, M. T., Heffernan, D., Heider, M., Heller, A., Villanueva, M. Hernandez, Higuchi, T., Hirose, S., Hoshina, K., Hou, W. -S., Hsiung, Y. B., Hsu, C. -L., Huang, K., Huschle, M., Igarashi, Y., Iijima, T., Imamura, M., Inami, K., Inguglia, G., Ishikawa, A., Itoh, R., Iwasaki, M., Iwasaki, Y., Iwata, S., Jacobs, W. W., Jaegle, I., Jang, E. -J., Jeon, H. B., Jia, S., Jin, Y., Joffe, D., Jones, M., Joo, C. W., Joo, K. K., Julius, T., Kahn, J., Kakuno, H., Kaliyar, A. B., Kang, J. H., Kang, K. H., Kapusta, P., Karyan, G., Kataoka, S. U., Kato, Y., Kawai, H., Kawasaki, T., Keck, T., Kichimi, H., Kiesling, C., Kim, B. H., Kim, C. H., Kim, D. Y., Kim, H. J., Kim, H. -J., Kim, J. B., Kim, K. -H., Kim, K. T., Kim, S. H., Kim, S. K., Kim, Y. J., Kim, Y. -K., Kimmel, T., Kindo, H., Kinoshita, K., Kleinwort, C., Klucar, J., Kobayashi, N., Kodyš, P., Koga, Y., Komarov, I., Konno, T., Korpar, S., Kotchetkov, D., Križan, P., Kroeger, R., Krohn, J. -F., Krokovny, P., Kronenbitter, B., Kuhr, T., Kulasiri, R., Kumar, M., Kumar, R., Kumara, K., Kumita, T., Kurihara, E., Kuroki, Y., Kuzmin, A., Kvasnička, P., Kwon, Y. -J., Lai, Y. -T., Lalwani, K., Lange, J. S., Lee, I. S., Lee, J. K., Lee, J. Y., Lee, S. C., Leitgab, M., Leitner, R., Levit, D., Lewis, P., Li, C. H., Li, H., Li, J., Li, L. K., Li, Y., Li, Y. B., Gioi, L. Li, Libby, J., Lieret, K., Limosani, A., Liptak, Z., Liu, C., Liu, Y., Liventsev, D., Loos, A., Louvot, R., Lubej, M., Luo, T., MacNaughton, J., Masuda, M., Matsuda, T., Matvienko, D., McNeil, J. T., Merola, M., Metzner, F., Miyabayashi, K., Miyachi, Y., Miyake, H., Miyata, H., Miyazaki, Y., Mizuk, R., Mohanty, G. B., Mohanty, S., Moon, H. K., Moon, T. J., Mori, T., Morii, T., Moser, H. -G., Mrvar, M., Müller, T., Muramatsu, N., Mussa, R., Nagasaka, Y., Nakahama, Y., Nakamura, I., Nakamura, K. R., Nakano, E., Nakano, T., Nakao, M., Nakayama, H., Nakazawa, H., Nanut, T., Nath, K. J., Natkaniec, Z., Natochii, A., Nayak, L., Nayak, M., Ng, C., Niebuhr, C., Niiyama, M., Nisar, N. K., Nishida, S., Nishimura, K., Nitoh, O., Ogawa, A., Ogawa, K., Ogawa, S., Ohshima, T., Okuno, S., Olsen, S. L., Ono, H., Onuki, Y., Oskin, P., Ostrowicz, W., Oswald, C., Ozaki, H., Pakhlov, P., Pakhlova, G., Pal, B., Pang, T., Panzenböck, E., Pardi, S., Park, C. -S., Park, C. W., Park, H., Park, K. S., Park, S. -H., Patra, S., Paul, S., Pedlar, T. K., Peng, T., Pesántez, L., Pestotnik, R., Peters, M., Piilonen, L. E., Podobnik, T., Popov, V., Prasanth, K., Prencipe, E., Prim, M. T., Prothmann, K., Purohit, M. V., Rabusov, A., Rauch, J., Reisert, B., Resmi, P. K., Ribežl, E., Ritter, M., Röhrken, M., Rorie, J., Rostomyan, A., Rout, N., Rozanska, M., Russo, G., Sahoo, D., Sakai, Y., Salehi, M., Sandilya, S., Santel, D., Santelj, L., Sanuki, T., Sasaki, J., Sasao, N., Sato, Y., Savinov, V., Schlüter, T., Schneider, O., Schnell, G., Schram, M., Schueler, J., Schwanda, C., Schwartz, A. J., Schwenker, B., Seidl, R., Seino, Y., Semmler, D., Senyo, K., Seon, O., Seong, I. S., Sevior, M. E., Shang, L., Shapkin, M., Sharma, C., Shebalin, V., Shen, C. P., Shibata, T. -A., Shibuya, H., Shinomiya, S., Shiu, J. -G., Shwartz, B., Sibidanov, A., Simon, F., Singh, J. B., Sinha, R., Smith, K., Sokolov, A., Soloviev, Y., Solovieva, E., Stanič, S., Starič, M., Steder, M., Stottler, Z., Strube, J. F., Stypula, J., Sugihara, S., Sugiyama, A., Sumihama, M., Sumisawa, K., Sumiyoshi, T., Sutcliffe, W., Suzuki, K., Suzuki, S., Suzuki, S. Y., Takeichi, H., Takizawa, M., Tamponi, U., Tanaka, M., Tanaka, S., Tanida, K., Taniguchi, N., Tao, Y., Taylor, G. N., Tenchini, F., Teramoto, Y., Thampi, A., Trabelsi, K., Tsuboyama, T., Uchida, M., Ueda, I., Uehara, S., Uglov, T., Unno, Y., Uno, S., Urquijo, P., Ushiroda, Y., Usov, Y., Vahsen, S. E., Van Hulse, C., Van Tonder, R., Vanhoefer, P., Varner, G., Varvell, K. E., Vervink, K., Vinokurova, A., Vorobyev, V., Vossen, A., Wagner, M. N., Waheed, E., Wang, B., Wang, C. H., Wang, E., Wang, M. -Z., Wang, P., Wang, X. L., Watanabe, M., Watanabe, Y., Watanuki, S., Wedd, R., Wehle, S., Widmann, E., Wiechczynski, J., Williams, K. M., Won, E., Xu, X., Yabsley, B. D., Yamada, S., Yamamoto, H., Yamashita, Y., Yan, W., Yang, S. B., Yashchenko, S., Ye, H., Yelton, J., Yin, J. H., Yook, Y., Yuan, C. Z., Yusa, Y., Zhang, C. C., Zhang, J., Zhang, L. M., Zhang, Z. P., Zhao, L., Zhilich, V., Zhukova, V., Zhulanov, V., Zivko, T., Zupanc, A., and Zwahlen, N.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: In the Standard Model (SM) charmless hadronic decays $B_s^0 \rightarrow \eta^\prime \eta$ proceed via tree-level $b\to u$ and penguin $b\to s$ transitions. Penguin transitions are sensitive to Beyond-the-Standard-Model (BSM) physics scenarios and could affect the branching fractions and {\it CP} asymmetries in such decays. Once branching fractions for two-body decays $B_s \to \eta\eta, \eta\eta^{\prime}, \eta^{\prime}\eta^{\prime} $ are measured, and the theoretical uncertainties are reduced, it would be possible to extract {\it CP} violating parameters from the data using the formalism based on SU(3)/U(3) symmetry. To achieve this goal, at least four of these six branching fractions need to be measured. Only the branching fraction for $B_s^0 \to \eta^{\prime}\eta^{\prime}$ has been measured so far.
Published: 2020

37. Measurement of Branching Fractions of $\Lambda_{c}^{+} \rightarrow \eta\Lambda\pi^{+}$, $\eta \Sigma^{0} \pi^{+}$, $\Lambda(1670) \pi^{+}$, and $\eta \Sigma(1385)^{+}$

Author: Lee, J. Y., Tanida, K., Kato, Y., Kim, S. K., Yang, S. B., Adachi, I., Ahn, J. K., Aihara, H., Said, S. Al, Asner, D. M., Aushev, T., Ayad, R., Babu, V., Bahinipati, S., Behera, P., Beleño, C., Bennett, J., Bessner, M., Bhuyan, B., Bilka, T., Biswal, J., Bonvicini, G., Bozek, A., Bračko, M., Browder, T. E., Campajola, M., Cao, L., Cervenkov, D., Chang, M. -C., Chang, P., Chekelian, V., Chen, A., Cheon, B. G., Chilikin, K., Cho, K., Choi, S. -K., Choi, Y., Choudhury, S., Cinabro, D., Cunliffe, S., De Nardo, G., Di Capua, F., Doležal, Z., Dong, T. V., Eidelman, S., Epifanov, D., Ferber, T., Fulsom, B. G., Garg, R., Gaur, V., Garmash, A., Giri, A., Goldenzweig, P., Golob, B., Hadjivasiliou, C., Hartbrich, O., Hayasaka, K., Hayashii, H., Hedges, M. T., Villanueva, M. Hernandez, Hsu, C. -L., Inami, K., Ishikawa, A., Itoh, R., Iwasaki, M., Jacobs, W. W., Jang, E. -J., Jia, S., Jin, Y., Joo, C. W., Joo, K. K., Kang, K. H., Karyan, G., Kichimi, H., Kiesling, C., Kim, B. H., Kim, D. Y., Kim, K. -H., Kim, K. T., Kim, S. H., Kim, Y. J., Kim, Y. -K., Kinoshita, K., Kodyš, P., Korpar, S., Kotchetkov, D., Križan, P., Kroeger, R., Krokovny, P., Kuhr, T., Kulasiri, R., Kumara, K., Kuzmin, A., Kwon, Y. -J., Lee, S. C., Li, C. H., Li, L. K., Li, Y. B., Gioi, L. Li, Libby, J., Lieret, K., Liptak, Z., Liventsev, D., Luo, T., MacQueen, C., Masuda, M., Matsuda, T., Matvienko, D., Merola, M., Miyabayashi, K., Mizuk, R., Mohanty, G. B., Moon, T. J., Mori, T., Mussa, R., Nakano, T., Nakao, M., Natochii, A., Nayak, M., Niiyama, M., Nisar, N. K., Nishida, S., Ogawa, K., Ogawa, S., Olsen, S. L., Ono, H., Onuki, Y., Oskin, P., Pakhlov, P., Pakhlova, G., Pardi, S., Park, S. -H., Patra, S., Paul, S., Pedlar, T. K., Pestotnik, R., Piilonen, L. E., Podobnik, T., Popov, V., Prencipe, E., Prim, M. T., Rostomyan, A., Rout, N., Russo, G., Sahoo, D., Sakai, Y., Sandilya, S., Sangal, A., Santelj, L., Savinov, V., Schnell, G., Schueler, J., Schwanda, C., Schwartz, A. J., Seidl, R., Seino, Y., Senyo, K., Sevior, M. E., Shapkin, M., Shebalin, V., Shiu, J. -G., Shwartz, B., Sokolov, A., Solovieva, E., Stanič, S., Starič, M., Stottler, Z. S., Sumihama, M., Sumiyoshi, T., Sutcliffe, W., Takizawa, M., Tamponi, U., Tenchini, F., Uchida, M., Uglov, T., Uno, S., Usov, Y., Vahsen, S. E., Van Tonder, R., Varner, G., Vinokurova, A., Vorobyev, V., Vossen, A., Wang, C. H., Wang, E., Wang, M. -Z., Wang, P., Watanabe, M., Watanuki, S., Wehle, S., Wiechczynski, J., Xu, X., Yabsley, B. D., Yan, W., Ye, H., Yelton, J., Yin, J. H., Yuan, C. Z., Yusa, Y., Zhang, Z. P., Zhilich, V., Zhukova, V., and Zhulanov., V.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: We report branching fraction measurements of four decay modes of the $\Lambda_{c}^{+}$ baryon, each of which includes an $\eta$ meson and a $\Lambda$ baryon in the final state, and all of which are measured relative to the $\Lambda_{c}^{+} \rightarrow p K^{-} pi^{+}$ decay mode. The results are based on a $980~\mathrm{fb^{-1}}$ data sample collected by the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy $e^{+}e^{-}$ collider. Two decays, $\eta \Sigma^{0} \pi^{+}$ and $\Lambda(1670) \pi^{+}$, are observed for the first time, while the measurements of the other decay modes, $\Lambda_{c}^{+} \rightarrow \eta\Lambda\pi^{+}$ and $\eta\Sigma(1385)^{+}$, are more precise than those made previously. We obtain $\mathcal{B}(\Lambda_{c}^{+} \rightarrow \eta \Lambda \pi^{+})/\mathcal{B}(\Lambda_{c}^{+} \rightarrow p K^{-} \pi^{+})$ = $0.293 \pm 0.003 \pm 0.014$, $\mathcal{B}(\Lambda_{c}^{+} \rightarrow \eta \Sigma^{0} \pi^{+})/\mathcal{B}(\Lambda_{c}^{+} \rightarrow p K^{-} \pi^{+})$ = $0.120 \pm 0.006 \pm 0.006$, $\mathcal{B}(\Lambda_{c}^{+} \rightarrow \Lambda(1670) \pi^{+}) \times \mathcal{B}(\Lambda(1670) \rightarrow \eta \Lambda)/\mathcal{B}(\Lambda_{c}^{+} \rightarrow p K^{-} \pi^{+})$ = $(5.54 \pm 0.29 \pm 0.73 ) \times 10^{-2}$, and $\mathcal{B}(\Lambda_{c}^{+} \rightarrow \eta \Sigma(1385)^{+})/\mathcal{B}(\Lambda_{c}^{+} \rightarrow p K^{-} \pi^{+})$ = $0.192 \pm 0.006 \pm 0.016$. The mass and width of the $\Lambda(1670)$ are also precisely determined to be $1674.3 \pm 0.8 \pm 4.9~{\rm MeV}/c^{2}$ and $36.1 \pm 2.4 \pm 4.8~{\rm MeV}$, respectively, where the uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively., Comment: To be submitted to Physical Review D
Published: 2020
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38. Measurement of two-particle correlations in hadronic $e^{+}e^{-}$ collisions at Belle

Author: Belle Collaboration, Abdesselam, A., Adachi, I., Adamczyk, K., Ahn, J. K., Aihara, H., Said, S. Al, Arinstein, K., Arita, Y., Asner, D. M., Atmacan, H., Aulchenko, V., Aushev, T., Ayad, R., Aziz, T., Babu, V., Bahinipati, S., Bakich, A. M., Ban, Y., Barberio, E., Barrett, M., Bauer, M., Behera, P., Beleño, C., Belous, K., Bennett, J., Berger, M., Bernlochner, F., Bessner, M., Besson, D., Bhardwaj, V., Bhuyan, B., Bilka, T., Biswal, J., Bloomfield, T., Bobrov, A., Bondar, A., Bonvicini, G., Bozek, A., Bračko, M., Braun, N., Breibeck, F., Browder, T. E., Campajola, M., Cao, L., Caria, G., Červenkov, D., Chang, M. -C., Chang, P., Chao, Y., Chekelian, V., Chen, A., Chen, K. -F., Chen, Y., Chen, Y. -C., Chen, Y. -T., Cheon, B. G., Chilikin, K., Cho, H. E., Cho, K., Cho, S. -J., Chobanova, V., Choi, S. -K., Choi, Y., Choudhury, S., Cinabro, D., Crnkovic, J., Cunliffe, S., Czank, T., Dash, N., De Nardo, G., Dhamija, R., Di Capua, F., Dingfelder, J., Doležal, Z., Dong, T. V., Dossett, D., Drásal, Z., Dubey, S., Eidelman, S., Epifanov, D., Feindt, M., Ferber, T., Frey, A., Frost, O., Fulsom, B. G., Garg, R., Gaur, V., Gabyshev, N., Garmash, A., Gelb, M., Gemmler, J., Getzkow, D., Giordano, F., Giri, A., Goldenzweig, P., Golob, B., Greenwald, D., Perdekamp, M. Grosse, Grygier, J., Grzymkowska, O., Guan, Y., Guido, E., Guo, H., Haba, J., Hadjivasiliou, C., Hamer, P., Hara, K., Hara, T., Hartbrich, O., Hasenbusch, J., Hayasaka, K., Hayashii, H., He, X. H., Heck, M., Hedges, M. T., Heffernan, D., Heider, M., Heller, A., Villanueva, M. Hernandez, Higuchi, T., Hirose, S., Hoshina, K., Hou, W. -S., Hsiung, Y. B., Hsu, C. -L., Huang, K., Huschle, M., Igarashi, Y., Iijima, T., Imamura, M., Inami, K., Inguglia, G., Ishikawa, A., Itoh, R., Iwasaki, M., Iwasaki, Y., Iwata, S., Jacobs, W. W., Jaegle, I., Jang, E. -J., Jeon, H. B., Jia, S., Jin, Y., Joffe, D., Jones, M., Joo, C. W., Joo, K. K., Julius, T., Kahn, J., Kakuno, H., Kaliyar, A. B., Kang, J. H., Kang, K. H., Kapusta, P., Karyan, G., Kataoka, S. U., Kato, Y., Kawai, H., Kawasaki, T., Keck, T., Kichimi, H., Kiesling, C., Kim, B. H., Kim, C. H., Kim, D. Y., Kim, H. J., Kim, H. -J., Kim, J. B., Kim, K. -H., Kim, K. T., Kim, S. H., Kim, S. K., Kim, Y. J., Kim, Y. -K., Kimmel, T., Kindo, H., Kinoshita, K., Kleinwort, C., Klucar, J., Kobayashi, N., Kodyš, P., Koga, Y., Komarov, I., Konno, T., Korpar, S., Kotchetkov, D., Križan, P., Kroeger, R., Krohn, J. -F., Krokovny, P., Kronenbitter, B., Kuhr, T., Kulasiri, R., Kumar, R., Kumara, K., Kumita, T., Kurihara, E., Kuroki, Y., Kuzmin, A., Kvasnička, P., Kwon, Y. -J., Lai, Y. -T., Lalwani, K., Lange, J. S., Lee, I. S., Lee, J. K., Lee, J. Y., Lee, S. C., Lee, Y. -J., Leitgab, M., Leitner, R., Levit, D., Lewis, P., Li, C. H., Li, H., Li, J., Li, L. K., Li, Y., Li, Y. B., Gioi, L. Li, Libby, J., Lieret, K., Limosani, A., Lin, C. -W., Liptak, Z., Liu, C., Liu, Y., Liventsev, D., Loos, A., Louvot, R., Lubej, M., Luo, T., MacNaughton, J., Masuda, M., Matsuda, T., Matvienko, D., McNeil, J. T., Merola, M., Metzner, F., Miyabayashi, K., Miyachi, Y., Miyake, H., Miyata, H., Miyazaki, Y., Mizuk, R., Mohanty, G. B., Mohanty, S., Moon, H. K., Moon, T. J., Mori, T., Morii, T., Moser, H. -G., Mrvar, M., Müller, T., Muramatsu, N., Mussa, R., Nagasaka, Y., Nakahama, Y., Nakamura, I., Nakamura, K. R., Nakano, E., Nakano, T., Nakao, M., Nakayama, H., Nakazawa, H., Nanut, T., Nath, K. J., Natkaniec, Z., Natochii, A., Nayak, L., Nayak, M., Ng, C., Niebuhr, C., Niiyama, M., Nisar, N. K., Nishida, S., Nishimura, K., Nitoh, O., Ogawa, A., Ogawa, K., Ogawa, S., Ohshima, T., Okuno, S., Olsen, S. L., Ono, H., Onuki, Y., Oskin, P., Ostrowicz, W., Oswald, C., Ozaki, H., Pakhlov, P., Pakhlova, G., Pal, B., Pang, T., Panzenböck, E., Pardi, S., Park, C. -S., Park, C. W., Park, H., Park, K. S., Park, S. -H., Patra, S., Paul, S., Pedlar, T. K., Peng, T., Pesántez, L., Pestotnik, R., Peters, M., Piilonen, L. E., Podobnik, T., Popov, V., Prasanth, K., Prencipe, E., Prim, M. T., Prothmann, K., Purohit, M. V., Rabusov, A., Rauch, J., Reisert, B., Resmi, P. K., Ribežl, E., Ritter, M., Röhrken, M., Rorie, J., Rostomyan, A., Rout, N., Rozanska, M., Russo, G., Sahoo, D., Sakai, Y., Salehi, M., Sandilya, S., Santel, D., Santelj, L., Sanuki, T., Sasaki, J., Sasao, N., Sato, Y., Savinov, V., Schlüter, T., Schneider, O., Schnell, G., Schram, M., Schueler, J., Schwanda, C., Schwartz, A. J., Schwenker, B., Seidl, R., Seino, Y., Semmler, D., Senyo, K., Seon, O., Seong, I. S., Sevior, M. E., Shang, L., Shapkin, M., Shebalin, V., Shen, C. P., Shibata, T. -A., Shibuya, H., Shinomiya, S., Shiu, J. -G., Shwartz, B., Sibidanov, A., Simon, F., Singh, J. B., Sinha, R., Smith, K., Sokolov, A., Soloviev, Y., Solovieva, E., Stanič, S., Starič, M., Steder, M., Stottler, Z., Strube, J. F., Stypula, J., Sugihara, S., Sugiyama, A., Sumihama, M., Sumisawa, K., Sumiyoshi, T., Sutcliffe, W., Suzuki, K., Suzuki, S., Suzuki, S. Y., Takeichi, H., Takizawa, M., Tamponi, U., Tanaka, M., Tanaka, S., Tanida, K., Taniguchi, N., Tao, Y., Taylor, G. N., Tenchini, F., Teramoto, Y., Thampi, A., Trabelsi, K., Tsuboyama, T., Uchida, M., Ueda, I., Uehara, S., Uglov, T., Unno, Y., Uno, S., Urquijo, P., Ushiroda, Y., Usov, Y., Vahsen, S. E., Van Hulse, C., Van Tonder, R., Vanhoefer, P., Varner, G., Varvell, K. E., Vervink, K., Vinokurova, A., Vorobyev, V., Vossen, A., Wagner, M. N., Waheed, E., Wang, B., Wang, C. H., Wang, E., Wang, M. -Z., Wang, P., Wang, X. L., Watanabe, M., Watanabe, Y., Watanuki, S., Wedd, R., Wehle, S., Widmann, E., Wiechczynski, J., Williams, K. M., Won, E., Xu, X., Yabsley, B. D., Yamada, S., Yamamoto, H., Yamashita, Y., Yan, W., Yang, S. B., Yashchenko, S., Ye, H., Yelton, J., Yin, J. H., Yook, Y., Yuan, C. Z., Yusa, Y., Zhang, C. C., Zhang, J., Zhang, L. M., Zhang, Z. P., Zhao, L., Zhilich, V., Zhukova, V., Zhulanov, V., Zivko, T., Zupanc, A., and Zwahlen, N.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: The enhancement of charged-particle pairs with large pseudorapidity difference and small azimuthal angle difference, often referred to as the ``ridge signal'', is a phenomenon widely observed in high multiplicity proton-proton, proton-ion and deutron-ion collisions, which is not yet fully understood. In heavy-ion collisions, the hydrodynamic expansion of the Quark-Gluon Plasma is one of the possible explanations of the origin of the ridge signal. Measurements in the $e^+e^-$ collision system, without the complexities introduced by hadron structure in the initial state, can serve as a complementary probe to examine the formation of a ridge signal. The first measurement of two-particle angular correlation functions in high multiplicity $e^+e^-$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=10.52$ GeV is reported. The hadronic $e^+e^-$ annihilation data collected by the Belle detector at KEKB are used in this study. Two-particle angular correlation functions are measured over the full azimuth and large pseudorapidity intervals which are defined by either the electron beam axis or the event thrust as a function of charged particle multiplicity. The measurement in the event thrust analysis, with mostly outgoing quark pairs determining the reference axis, is sensitive to the region of additional soft gluon emissions. No significant ridge signal is observed with either coordinates analyses. Near side jet correlations appear to be absent in the thrust axis analysis. The measurements are compared to predictions from various event generators and expected to provide new constraints to the phenomenological models in the low energy regime., Comment: 13 pages, 5 figures. Conference paper for ICHEP 2020
Published: 2020

39. First Determination of the Spin and Parity of a Charmed-Strange Baryon, $\Xi_{c}(2970)^+$

Author: Belle Collaboration, Moon, T. J., Tanida, K., Kato, Y., Kim, S. K., Adachi, I., Ahn, J. K., Aihara, H., Said, S. Al, Asner, D. M., Aulchenko, V., Aushev, T., Ayad, R., Babu, V., Bahinipati, S., Behera, P., Beleño, C., Bennett, J., Bessner, M., Bhuyan, B., Bilka, T., Biswal, J., Bonvicini, G., Bozek, A., Bračko, M., Browder, T. E., Campajola, M., Cao, L., Červenkov, D., Chang, M. -C., Chang, P., Chen, A., Cheon, B. G., Chilikin, K., Cho, K., Choi, S. -K., Choi, Y., Choudhury, S., Cinabro, D., Cunliffe, S., Dash, N., De Nardo, G., Di Capua, F., Doležal, Z., Dong, T. V., Dossett, D., Dubey, S., Eidelman, S., Epifanov, D., Ferber, T., Fulsom, B. G., Garg, R., Gaur, V., Gabyshev, N., Garmash, A., Giri, A., Goldenzweig, P., Golob, B., Hadjivasiliou, C., Hartbrich, O., Hayasaka, K., Hayashii, H., Hedges, M. T., Hou, W. -S., Hsu, C. -L., Inami, K., Inguglia, G., Ishikawa, A., Itoh, R., Iwasaki, M., Iwasaki, Y., Jacobs, W. W., Jia, S., Jin, Y., Joo, K. K., Kang, K. H., Karyan, G., Kawasaki, T., Kichimi, H., Kiesling, C., Kim, B. H., Kim, D. Y., Kim, K. T., Kim, S. H., Kim, Y. J., Kim, Y. -K., Kimmel, T. D., Kinoshita, K., Kodyš, P., Korpar, S., Kotchetkov, D., Križan, P., Kroeger, R., Krokovny, P., Kuhr, T., Kumar, R., Kumara, K., Kuzmin, A., Lee, I. S., Lee, J. Y., Lee, S. C., Li, L. K., Li, Y. B., Gioi, L. Li, Libby, J., Liptak, Z., Liventsev, D., Luo, T., MacQueen, C., Masuda, M., Matsuda, T., Matvienko, D., Merola, M., Miyabayashi, K., Miyata, H., Mizuk, R., Mohanty, G. B., Mohanty, S., Mori, T., Mussa, R., Nakano, T., Nakao, M., Natkaniec, Z., Natochii, A., Nayak, M., Niiyama, M., Nisar, N. K., Nishida, S., Ogawa, K., Ogawa, S., Ono, H., Pakhlov, P., Pakhlova, G., Pardi, S., Park, H., Park, S. -H., Patra, S., Paul, S., Pedlar, T. K., Pestotnik, R., Piilonen, L. E., Podobnik, T., Popov, V., Prencipe, E., Prim, M. T., Ritter, M., Rout, N., Russo, G., Sahoo, D., Sakai, Y., Sandilya, S., Sangal, A., Santelj, L., Savinov, V., Schnell, G., Schueler, J., Schwanda, C., Seidl, R., Seino, Y., Senyo, K., Sevior, M. E., Shapkin, M., Shen, C. P., Shiu, J. -G., Shwartz, B., Solovieva, E., Starič, M., Stottler, Z. S., Sumihama, M., Sumisawa, K., Sumiyoshi, T., Sutcliffe, W., Takizawa, M., Tamponi, U., Tenchini, F., Trabelsi, K., Uchida, M., Uehara, S., Uglov, T., Unno, Y., Uno, S., Urquijo, P., Vahsen, S. E., Van Tonder, R., Varner, G., Vinokurova, A., Vorobyev, V., Vossen, A., Wang, C. H., Wang, E., Wang, M. -Z., Wang, P., Wehle, S., Wiechczynski, J., Xu, X., Yabsley, B. D., Yang, S. B., Ye, H., Yelton, J., Yin, J. H., Yuan, C. Z., Zhang, Z. P., Zhilich, V., Zhukova, V., and Zhulanov, V.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: We report results from a study of the spin and parity of $\Xi_{c}(2970)^+$ using a $980~\mathrm{fb^{-1}}$ data sample collected by the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy $e^{+}e^{-}$ collider. The decay angle distributions in the chain $\Xi_{c}(2970)^+ \to \Xi_c(2645)^{0}\pi^{+} \to \Xi_c^{+}\pi^{-}\pi^{+}$ are analyzed to determine the spin of this charmed-strange baryon. The angular distributions strongly favor the $\Xi_{c}(2970)^+$ spin $J =1/2$ over $3/2$ or $5/2$, under an assumption that the lowest partial wave dominates in the decay. We also measure the ratio of $\Xi_{c}(2970)^+$ decay branching fractions $R={\mathcal{B}[ \Xi_{c}(2970)^+ \to \Xi_c(2645)^{0}\pi^{+} ]} / { \mathcal{B}[ \Xi_{c}(2970)^+ \to \Xi_c^{\prime0}\pi^{+} ]} =1.67 \pm 0.29\mathrm{(stat.)}^{ +0.15}_{ -0.09}\mathrm{(syst.)} \pm 0.25\mathrm{(IS)}$, where the last uncertainty is due to possible isospin-symmetry-breaking effects. This $R$ value favors the spin-parity $J^P=1/2^+$ with the spin of the light-quark degrees of freedom $s_{l}=0$. This is the first determination of the spin and parity of a charmed-strange baryon., Comment: To be submitted to Physical Review Letters
Published: 2020
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40. Lowering the energy threshold in COSINE-100 dark matter searches

Author: Adhikari, G., de Souza, E. Barbosa, Carlin, N., Choi, J. J., Choi, S., Djamal, M., Ezeribe, A. C., Franca, L. E., Ha, C., Hahn, I. S., Jeon, E. J., Jo, J. H., Kang, W. G., Kauer, M., Kim, H., Kim, H. J., Kim, K. W., Kim, S. K., Kim, Y. D., Kim, Y. H., Ko, Y. J., Lee, E. K., Lee, H. S., Lee, J., Lee, J. Y., Lee, M. H., Lee, S. H., Leonard, D. S., Manzato, B. B., Maruyama, R. H., Neal, R. J., Olsen, S. L., Park, B. J., Park, H. K., Park, H. S., Park, K. S., Pitta, R. L. C., Prihtiadi, H., Ra, S. J., Rott, C., Shin, K. A., Scarff, A., Spooner, N. J. C., Thompson, W. G., Yang, L., and Yu, G. H.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: COSINE-100 is a dark matter detection experiment that uses NaI(Tl) crystal detectors operating at the Yangyang underground laboratory in Korea since September 2016. Its main goal is to test the annual modulation observed by the DAMA/LIBRA experiment with the same target medium. Recently DAMA/LIBRA has released data with an energy threshold lowered to 1 keV, and the persistent annual modulation behavior is still observed at 9.5$\sigma$. By lowering the energy threshold for electron recoils to 1 keV, COSINE-100 annual modulation results can be compared to those of DAMA/LIBRA in a model-independent way. Additionally, the event selection methods provide an access to a few to sub-GeV dark matter particles using constant rate studies. In this article, we discuss the COSINE-100 event selection algorithm, its validation, and efficiencies near the threshold.
Published: 2020
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41. Measurement of the cosmic muon annual and diurnal flux variation with the COSINE-100 detector

Author: Collaboration, COSINE-100, Prihtiadi, H., Adhikari, G., de Souza, E. Barbosa, Carlin, N., Choi, J. J., Choi, S., Djamal, M., Ezeribe, A. C., França, L. E., Ha, C., Hahn, I. S., Jeon, E. J., Jo, J. H., Kang, W. G., Kauer, M., Kim, H., Kim, H. J., Kim, K. W., Kim, S. K., Kim, Y. D., Kim, Y. H., Ko, Y. J., Lee, E. K., Lee, H. S., Lee, J., Lee, J. Y., Lee, M. H., Lee, S. H., Leonard, D. S., Manzato, B. B., Maruyama, R. H., Neal, R. J., Olsen, S. L., Park, B. J., Park, H. K., Park, H. S., Park, K. S., Pitta, R. L. C., Ra, S. J., Rott, C., Shin, K. A., Scraff, A., Spooner, N. J. C., Thompson, W. G., Yang, L., and Yu, G. H.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: We report measurements of annual and diurnal modulations of the cosmic-ray muon rate in the Yangyang underground laboratory (Y2L) using 952 days of COSINE-100 data acquired between September 2016 and July 2019. A correlation of the muon rate with the atmospheric temperature is observed and its amplitude on the muon rate is determined. The effective atmospheric temperature and muon rate variations are positively correlated with a measured effective temperature coefficient of $\alpha_{T}$ = 0.80 $\pm$ 0.11. This result is consistent with a model of meson production in the atmosphere. We also searched for a diurnal modulation in the underground muon rate by comparing one-hour intervals. No significant diurnal modulation of the muon rate was observed., Comment: 12 pages, 9 figures
Published: 2020
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42. The COSINE-100 Liquid Scintillator Veto System

Author: Adhikari, G., de Souza, E. Barbosa, Carlin, N., Choi, J. J., Choi, S., Djamal, M., Ezeribe, A. C., Franca, L. E., Ha, C., Hahn, I. S., Jeon, E. J., Jo, J. H., Kang, W. G., Kauer, M., Kim, H., Kim, H. J., Kim, K. W., Kim, S. K., Kim, Y. D., Kim, Y. H., Ko, Y. J., Lee, E. K., Lee, H. S., Lee, J., Lee, J. Y., Lee, M. H., Lee, S. H., Leonard, D. S., Manzato, B. B., Maruyama, R. H., Neal, R. J., Olsen, S. L., Park, B. J., Park, H. K., Park, H. S., Park, K. S., Pitta, R. L. C., Prihtiadi, H., Ra, S. J., Rott, C., Shin, K. A., Scarff, A., Spooner, N. J. C., Thompson, W. G., Yang, L., and Yu, G. H.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: This paper describes the liquid scintillator veto system for the COSINE-100 dark matter experiment and its performance. The COSINE-100 detector consists of eight NaI(Tl) crystals immersed in 2200~L of linear alkylbenzene-based liquid scintillator. The liquid scintillator tags between 65 and 75\% of the internal $^{40}$K background in the 2--6 keV energy region. We also describe the background model for the liquid scintillator, which is primarily used to assess its energy calibration and threshold.
Published: 2020
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43. Search for $B^+ \to \mu^+\, \nu_\mu$ and $B^+ \to \mu^+\, N$ with inclusive tagging

Author: Prim, M. T., Bernlochner, F. U., Goldenzweig, P., Heck, M., Adachi, I., Adamczyk, K., Aihara, H., Said, S. Al, Asner, D. M., Atmacan, H., Aulchenko, V., Aushev, T., Ayad, R., Babu, V., Bakich, A. M., Bansal, V., Behera, P., Beleño, C., Bhardwaj, V., Bhuyan, B., Bilka, T., Biswal, J., Bobrov, A., Bozek, A., Bračko, M., Braun, N., Browder, T. E., Campajola, M., Cao, L., Červenkov, D., Chang, P., Chekelian, V., Chen, A., Cheon, B. G., Chilikin, K., Cho, H. E., Cho, K., Choi, Y., Choudhury, S., Cinabro, D., Cunliffe, S., Doležal, Z., Eidelman, S., Epifanov, D., Fast, J. E., Ferber, T., Fulsom, B. G., Garg, R., Gaur, V., Garmash, A., Giri, A., Grzymkowska, O., Guan, Y., Haba, J., Hara, T., Hayasaka, K., Hayashii, H., Hou, W. -S., Iijima, T., Inami, K., Inguglia, G., Ishikawa, A., Iwasaki, M., Iwasaki, Y., Jia, S., Jin, Y., Joffe, D., Joo, K. K., Kaliyar, A. B., Karyan, G., Kawasaki, T., Kichimi, H., Kiesling, C., Kim, C. H., Kim, D. Y., Kim, K. T., Kim, S. H., Kinoshita, K., Kodyš, P., Korpar, S., Kotchetkov, D., Križan, P., Kroeger, R., Krokovny, P., Kuhr, T., Kulasiri, R., Kumar, R., Kumita, T., Kuzmin, A., Kwon, Y. -J., Lalwani, K., Lange, J. S., Lee, I. S., Lee, J. K., Lee, J. Y., Lee, S. C., Lewis, P., Li, C. H., Gioi, L. Li, Libby, J., Lieret, K., Liventsev, D., Lu, P. -C., Luo, T., MacNaughton, J., Masuda, M., Matsuda, T., Matvienko, D., Merola, M., Metzner, F., Miyabayashi, K., Mizuk, R., Mohanty, G. B., Mussa, R., Nakao, M., De Nardo, G., Nath, K. J., Natkaniec, Z., Nayak, M., Niiyama, M., Nisar, N. K., Nishida, S., Nishimura, K., Ogawa, S., Ono, H., Onuki, Y., Pakhlov, P., Pakhlova, G., Pal, B., Pardi, S., Park, H., Park, S. -H., Patra, S., Paul, S., Pedlar, T. K., Pestotnik, R., Piilonen, L. E., Popov, V., Prencipe, E., Ritter, M., Rostomyan, A., Rozanska, M., Russo, G., Sahoo, D., Sakai, Y., Santelj, L., Savinov, V., Schneider, O., Schnell, G., Schueler, J., Schwanda, C., Seino, Y., Senyo, K., Sevior, M. E., Shebalin, V., Shiu, J. -G., Shwartz, B., Simon, F., Sokolov, A., Solovieva, E., Starič, M., Strube, J. F., Sumihama, M., Sumiyoshi, T., Sutcliffe, W., Takizawa, M., Tamponi, U., Tao, Y., Tenchini, F., Uchida, M., Uglov, T., Unno, Y., Uno, S., Ushiroda, Y., Usov, Y., Vahsen, S. E., Van Tonder, R., Varner, G., Varvell, K. E., Vinokurova, A., Wang, B., Wang, C. H., Wang, M. -Z., Wang, P., Watanuki, S., Won, E., Yang, S. B., Ye, H., Yin, J. H., Yusa, Y., Zhang, Z. P., Zhilich, V., Zhukova, V., and Zhulanov, V.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: We report the result for a search for the leptonic decay of $B^+ \to \mu^+ \, \nu_{\mu}$ using the full Belle data set of 711 fb${}^{-1}$ of integrated luminosity at the $\Upsilon(4S)$ resonance. In the Standard Model leptonic $B$-meson decays are helicity and CKM suppressed. To maximize sensitivity an inclusive tagging approach is used to reconstruct the second $B$ meson produced in the collision. The directional information from this second $B$ meson is used to boost the observed $\mu$ into the signal $B$ meson rest-frame, in which the $\mu$ has a monochromatic momentum spectrum. Though its momentum is smeared by the experimental resolution, this technique improves the analysis sensitivity considerably. Analyzing the $\mu$ momentum spectrum in this frame we find $\mathcal{B}(B^+ \to \mu^+ \, \nu_\mu) = \left( 5.3 \pm 2.0 \pm 0.9 \right) \times 10^{-7}$ with a one-sided significance of 2.8 standard deviations over the background-only hypothesis. This translates to a frequentist upper limit of $\mathcal{B}(B^+ \to \mu^+ \, \nu_{\mu}) < 8.6 \times 10^{-7}$ at 90% CL. The experimental spectrum is then used to search for a massive sterile neutrino, $B^+ \to \mu^+ \, N$, but no evidence is observed for a sterile neutrino with a mass in a range of 0 - 1.5 GeV. The determined $B^+ \to \mu^+ \, \nu_{\mu}$ branching fraction limit is further used to constrain the mass and coupling space of the type II and type III two-Higgs-doublet models.
Published: 2019
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44. Improving the efficiency of PZT-based piezoelectric energy harvesting by mixing MWCNTs under solar radiation

Author: Lee, J.-Y., Lee, H.Y., Kim, H.-S., Jang, J., Kim, S.-H., Ryu, J.-H., Jang, J.-H., Hwang, S.-L., Ahn, H.S., Ha, D.H., and Yi, S.N.
Published: 2023
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45. Observation of $ \tau^- \rightarrow \pi^- \nu_{\tau} e^+ e^-$ and search for $\tau^- \rightarrow \pi^- \nu_{\tau} \mu^+ \mu^-$

Author: Belle Collaboration, Jin, Y., Aihara, H., Epifanov, D., Adachi, I., Said, S. Al, Asner, D. M., Aulchenko, V., Aushev, T., Ayad, R., Babu, V., Badhrees, I., Bahinipati, S., Bansal, V., Behera, P., Berger, M., Bhardwaj, V., Bilka, T., Biswal, J., Bobrov, A., Bonvicini, G., Bozek, A., Bračko, M., Campajola, M., Cao, L., Červenkov, D., Chekelian, V., Chen, A., Cheon, B. G., Chilikin, K., Cho, H. E., Cho, K., Choi, Y., Choudhury, S., Cinabro, D., Cunliffe, S., Di Carlo, S., Doležal, Z., Dong, T. V., Dossett, D., Eidelman, S., Fast, J. E., Ferber, T., Fulsom, B. G., Garg, R., Gaur, V., Gabyshev, N., Giri, A., Goldenzweig, P., Golob, B., Greenwald, D., Grzymkowska, O., Haba, J., Hayasaka, K., Hayashii, H., Hedges, M. T., Hou, W. -S., Huang, K., Iijima, T., Inami, K., Inguglia, G., Ishikawa, A., Iwasaki, M., Iwasaki, Y., Jacobs, W. W., Jeon, H. B., Jia, S., Joffe, D., Joo, K. K., Kahn, J., Kaliyar, A. B., Karyan, G., Kawasaki, T., Kichimi, H., Kiesling, C., Kim, D. Y., Kim, H. J., Kim, K. T., Kim, S. H., Kinoshita, K., Kodyš, P., Korpar, S., Kotchetkov, D., Križan, P., Kroeger, R., Krokovny, P., Kulasiri, R., Kumar, R., Kuzmin, A., Kwon, Y. -J., Lalwani, K., Lange, J. S., Lee, J. Y., Lee, S. C., Li, C. H., Li, L. K., Li, Y. B., Gioi, L. Li, Libby, J., Lieret, K., Liptak, Z., Liventsev, D., Lu, P. -C., Luo, T., MacNaughton, J., Masuda, M., Matsuda, T., Matvienko, D., Merola, M., Miyabayashi, K., Miyata, H., Mizuk, R., Mori, T., Mussa, R., Nakano, E., Nakao, M., Nath, K. J., Natkaniec, Z., Nayak, M., Niiyama, M., Nisar, N. K., Nishida, S., Ogawa, S., Ono, H., Onuki, Y., Pakhlov, P., Pakhlova, G., Pal, B., Pardi, S., Park, H., Park, S. -H., Patra, S., Paul, S., Pedlar, T. K., Pestotnik, R., Piilonen, L. E., Popov, V., Prencipe, E., Rostomyan, A., Russo, G., Sahoo, D., Sakai, Y., Salehi, M., Sandilya, S., Santelj, L., Sanuki, T., Savinov, V., Schneider, O., Schnell, G., Schueler, J., Schwanda, C., Seino, Y., Senyo, K., Seon, O., Sevior, M. E., Shebalin, V., Shen, C. P., Shiu, J. -G., Shwartz, B., Simon, F., Singh, J. B., Sokolov, A., Solovieva, E., Stanič, S., Starič, M., Stottler, Z. S., Strube, J. F., Sumiyoshi, T., Takizawa, M., Tamponi, U., Tanida, K., Tenchini, F., Trabelsi, K., Uchida, M., Uglov, T., Unno, Y., Uno, S., Urquijo, P., Usov, Y., Van Tonder, R., Varner, G., Vinokurova, A., Vorobyev, V., Vossen, A., Wang, B., Wang, C. H., Wang, M. -Z., Wang, P., Watanuki, S., Won, E., Yang, S. B., Ye, H., Yin, J. H., Yuan, C. Z., Yusa, Y., Zhang, Z. P., Zhilich, V., and Zhukova, V.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: We present the first measurements of branching fractions of rare tau-lepton decays, $\tau^- \rightarrow \pi^- \nu_{\tau} \ell^+ \ell^-$ ($\ell = e$ or $\mu$), using a data sample corresponding to 562 fb$^{-1}$ collected at a center-of-mass energy of 10.58 GeV with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy $e^+ e^-$ collider. The $\tau^- \rightarrow \pi^- \nu_\tau e^+ e^-$ decay is observed for the first time with 7.0$\sigma$ significance. The partial branching fraction determined by the structure-dependent mechanisms mediated by either a vector or an axial-vector current for the mass region $M_{\pi e e}>1.05$ GeV/$c^2$ is measured to be $\mathcal{B}(\tau^-\rightarrow \pi^- \nu_\tau e^+ e^-)[M_{\pi^- e^+ e^-}>1.05~{\rm GeV}/c^2] = (5.90 \pm 0.53 \pm 0.85 \pm 0.11) \times 10^{-6}$, where the first uncertainty is statistical, the second is systematic, and the third is due to the model dependence. In the full phase space, due to the different detection efficiencies for the structure-dependent mechanisms mediated by axial-vector and vector currents, the branching fraction varies from $\mathcal{B}_{A}(\tau^-\rightarrow \pi^- \nu_\tau e^+ e^-) = (1.46 \pm 0.13 \pm 0.21) \times 10^{-5}$ to $\mathcal{B}_{V}(\tau^-\rightarrow \pi^- \nu_\tau e^+ e^-) = (3.01 \pm 0.27 \pm 0.43) \times 10^{-5}$, respectively. An upper limit is set on the branching fraction of the $\tau^- \rightarrow \pi^- \nu_\tau \mu^+ \mu^-$ decay, $\mathcal{B}(\tau^-\rightarrow \pi^- \nu_\tau \mu^+ \mu^-) < 1.14 \times 10^{-5}$, at the 90% confidence level., Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures, accepted by PRD(RC)
Published: 2019
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46. Experimental determination of the isospin of $\Lambda_c(2765)^+/\Sigma_c(2765)^+$

Author: The Belle Collaboration, Abdesselam, A., Adachi, I., Adamczyk, K., Ahn, J. K., Aihara, H., Said, S. Al, Arinstein, K., Arita, Y., Asner, D. M., Atmacan, H., Aulchenko, V., Aushev, T., Ayad, R., Aziz, T., Babu, V., Badhrees, I., Bahinipati, S., Bakich, A. M., Ban, Y., Bansal, V., Barberio, E., Barrett, M., Bartel, W., Behera, P., Beleño, C., Belous, K., Bennett, J., Berger, M., Bernlochner, F., Besson, D., Bhardwaj, V., Bhuyan, B., Bilka, T., Biswal, J., Bloomfield, T., Bobrov, A., Bondar, A., Bonvicini, G., Bozek, A., Bračko, M., Braun, N., Breibeck, F., Browder, T. E., Campajola, M., Cao, L., Caria, G., Červenkov, D., Chang, M. -C., Chang, P., Chao, Y., Cheaib, R., Chekelian, V., Chen, A., Chen, K. -F., Chen, Y., Cheon, B. G., Chilikin, K., Chistov, R., Cho, H. E., Cho, K., Chobanova, V., Choi, S. -K., Choi, Y., Choudhury, S., Cinabro, D., Crnkovic, J., Cunliffe, S., Czank, T., Danilov, M., Dash, N., De Nardo, G., Di Carlo, S., Di Capua, F., Dingfelder, J., Doležal, Z., Dong, T. V., Dossett, D., Drȧsal, Z., Drutskoy, A., Dubey, S., Dutta, D., Eidelman, S., Epifanov, D., Fast, J. E., Feindt, M., Ferber, T., Frey, A., Frost, O., Fulsom, B. G., Garg, R., Gaur, V., Gabyshev, N., Garmash, A., Gelb, M., Gemmler, J., Getzkow, D., Giordano, F., Giri, A., Goldenzweig, P., Golob, B., Greenwald, D., Perdekamp, M. Grosse, Grygier, J., Grzymkowska, O., Guan, Y., Guido, E., Guo, H., Haba, J., Hamer, P., Hara, K., Hara, T., Hartbrich, O., Hasegawa, Y., Hasenbusch, J., Hayasaka, K., Hayashii, H., He, X. H., Heck, M., Hedges, M. T., Heffernan, D., Heider, M., Heller, A., Higuchi, T., Hirose, S., Hoshi, Y., Hoshina, K., Hou, W. -S., Hsiung, Y. B., Hsu, C. -L., Huang, K., Huschle, M., Igarashi, Y., Iijima, T., Imamura, M., Inami, K., Inguglia, G., Ishikawa, A., Itoh, R., Iwasaki, M., Iwasaki, Y., Iwata, S., Jacobs, W. W., Jaegle, I., Jang, E. -J., Jeon, H. B., Jia, S., Jin, Y., Joffe, D., Jones, M., Joo, C. W., Joo, K. K., Julius, T., Kahn, J., Kakuno, H., Kaliyar, A. B., Kang, J. H., Kang, K. H., Kapusta, P., Karyan, G., Kataoka, S. U., Kato, Y., Katrenko, P., Kawai, H., Kawasaki, T., Keck, T., Kichimi, H., Kiesling, C., Kim, B. H., Kim, C. H., Kim, D. Y., Kim, H. J., Kim, H. -J., Kim, J. B., Kim, K. T., Kim, S. H., Kim, S. K., Kim, Y. J., Kimmel, T., Kindo, H., Kinoshita, K., Kleinwort, C., Klucar, J., Kobayashi, N., Kodyš, P., Koga, Y., Konno, T., Korpar, S., Kotchetkov, D., Kouzes, R. T., Križan, P., Kroeger, R., Krohn, J. -F., Krokovny, P., Kronenbitter, B., Kuhr, T., Kulasiri, R., Kumar, R., Kumita, T., Kurihara, E., Kuroki, Y., Kuzmin, A., Kvasnička, P., Kwon, Y. -J., Lai, Y. -T., Lalwani, K., Lange, J. S., Lee, I. S., Lee, J. K., Lee, J. Y., Lee, S. C., Leitgab, M., Leitner, R., Levit, D., Lewis, P., Li, C. H., Li, H., Li, L. K., Li, Y., Li, Y. B., Gioi, L. Li, Libby, J., Lieret, K., Limosani, A., Liptak, Z., Liu, C., Liu, Y., Liventsev, D., Loos, A., Louvot, R., Lu, P. -C., Lubej, M., Luo, T., MacNaughton, J., Masuda, M., Matsuda, T., Matvienko, D., McNeil, J. T., Merola, M., Metzner, F., Miyabayashi, K., Miyachi, Y., Miyake, H., Miyata, H., Miyazaki, Y., Mizuk, R., Mohanty, G. B., Mohanty, S., Moon, H. K., Moon, T. J., Mori, T., Morii, T., Moser, H. -G., Mrvar, M., Müller, T., Muramatsu, N., Mussa, R., Nagasaka, Y., Nakahama, Y., Nakamura, I., Nakamura, K. R., Nakano, E., Nakano, T., Nakao, M., Nakayama, H., Nakazawa, H., Nanut, T., Nath, K. J., Natkaniec, Z., Nayak, M., Neichi, K., Ng, C., Niebuhr, C., Niiyama, M., Nisar, N. K., Nishida, S., Nishimura, K., Nitoh, O., Ogawa, A., Ogawa, K., Ogawa, S., Ohshima, T., Okuno, S., Olsen, S. L., Ono, H., Onuki, Y., Oskin, P., Ostrowicz, W., Oswald, C., Ozaki, H., Pakhlov, P., Pakhlova, G., Pal, B., Pang, T., Panzenböck, E., Pardi, S., Park, C. -S., Park, C. W., Park, H., Park, K. S., Park, S. -H., Patra, S., Paul, S., Pavelkin, I., Pedlar, T. K., Peng, T., Pesàntez, L., Pestotnik, R., Peters, M., Piilonen, L. E., Popov, V., Prasanth, K., Prencipe, E., Prim, M. T., Prothmann, K., Purohit, M. V., Rabusov, A., Rauch, J., Reisert, B., Resmi, P. K., Ribežl, E., Ritter, M., Rorie, J., Rostomyan, A., Rozanska, M., Russo, G., Sahoo, D., Sahoo, H., Sakai, Y., Salehi, M., Sandilya, S., Santel, D., Santelj, L., Sanuki, T., Sasaki, J., Sasao, N., Sato, Y., Savinov, V., Schlüter, T., Schneider, O., Schnell, G., Schram, M., Schueler, J., Schwanda, C., Schwartz, A. J., Schwenker, B., Seidl, R., Seino, Y., Semmler, D., Senyo, K., Seon, O., Seong, I. S., Sevior, M. E., Shang, L., Shapkin, M., Shebalin, V., Shen, C. P., Shibata, T. -A., Shibuya, H., Shinomiya, S., Shiu, J. -G., Shwartz, B., Sibidanov, A., Simon, F., Singh, J. B., Sinha, R., Smith, K., Sokolov, A., Soloviev, Y., Solovieva, E., Stanič, S., Starič, M., Steder, M., Stottler, Z., Strube, J. F., Stypula, J., Sugihara, S., Sugiyama, A., Sumihama, M., Sumisawa, K., Sumiyoshi, T., Sutcliffe, W., Suzuki, K., Suzuki, S., Suzuki, S. Y., Takeichi, H., Takizawa, M., Tamponi, U., Tanaka, M., Tanaka, S., Tanida, K., Taniguchi, N., Tao, Y., Taylor, G. N., Tenchini, F., Teramoto, Y., Trabelsi, K., Tsuboyama, T., Uchida, M., Ueda, I., Uehara, S., Uglov, T., Unno, Y., Uno, S., Urquijo, P., Ushiroda, Y., Usov, Y., Vahsen, S. E., Van Hulse, C., Van Tonder, R., Vanhoefer, P., Varner, G., Varvell, K. E., Vervink, K., Vinokurova, A., Vorobyev, V., Vossen, A., Wagner, M. N., Waheed, E., Wang, B., Wang, C. H., Wang, M. -Z., Wang, P., Wang, X. L., Watanabe, M., Watanabe, Y., Watanuki, S., Wedd, R., Wehle, S., Widmann, E., Wiechczynski, J., Williams, K. M., Won, E., Yabsley, B. D., Yamada, S., Yamamoto, H., Yamashita, Y., Yang, S. B., Yashchenko, S., Ye, H., Yelton, J., Yin, J. H., Yook, Y., Yuan, C. Z., Yusa, Y., Zakharov, S., Zhang, C. C., Zhang, J., Zhang, L. M., Zhang, Z. P., Zhao, L., Zhilich, V., Zhukova, V., Zhulanov, V., Zivko, T., Zupanc, A., and Zwahlen, N.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: We report an experimental determination of the isospin of $\Lambda_c(2765)^+/\Sigma_c(2765)^+$ using 980 fb$^{-1}$ data in the $e^+e^-$ annihilation around $\sqrt{s} = 10.6$ GeV collected by the Belle detector located at the KEKB collider. The isospin partners are searched for in the $\Sigma_c(2455)^{++/0} \pi^{0}$ channels, and no evidence was obtained. Thus the isospin is determined to be zero, and the particle is established to be a $\Lambda_c$., Comment: Conference paper submitted for Hadron2019
Published: 2019

47. A Study of NaI(Tl) crystal Encapsulation using Organic scintillators for the Dark Matter Search

Author: Lee, J. Y., Adhikari, G., Ha, C., Kim, H. J., Kim, N. Y., Kim, S. K., Kim, Y. D., and Lee, H. S.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: Scintillating NaI(Tl) crystals are used for various rare decay experiments, such as dark matter searches. The hygroscopicity of NaI(Tl) crystal makes the construction of crystal detectors in these experiments challenging and requires a tight encapsulation to prevent from air contact. More importantly, in a low radioactivity measurement, identification of external radiations and surface contamination is crucial to characterize the origin of total crystal radioactivities. Studies for NaI(Tl) crystal encapsulation with active organic scintillator vetoes have been performed to mitigate the above-mentioned issues simultaneously. A bare crystal is directly coupled with liquid and plastic scintillators to tag external radiations that penetrate from the outer part of the crystal. We report the pulse shape discrimination for organic scintillator pulses from those of the crystal scintillator in a single detector setup which makes external gammas identifiable and long-term stability tests of the detector setup., Comment: 11 pages, 5 figures
Published: 2019
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48. Comparison between DAMA/LIBRA and COSINE-100 in the light of Quenching Factors

Author: Ko, Y. J., Kim, K. W., Adhikari, G., Adhikari, P., de Souza, E. Barbosa, Carlin, N., Choi, J. J., Choi, S., Djamal, M., Ezeribe, A. C., Ha, C., Hahn, I. S., Jeon, E. J., Jo, J. H., Kang, W. G., Kauer, M., Kim, G. S., Kim, H., Kim, H. J., Kim, N. Y., Kim, S. K., Kim, Y. D., Kim, Y. H., Lee, E. K., Lee, H. S., Lee, J., Lee, J. Y., Lee, M. H., Lee, S. H., Leonard, D. S., Lynch, W. A., Manzato, B. B., Maruyama, R. H., Neal, R. J., Olsen, S. L., Park, B. J., Park, H. K., Park, H. S., Park, K. S., Pitta, R. L. C., Prihtiadi, H., Ra, S. J., Rott, C., Shin, K. A., Scarff, A., Spooner, N. J. C., Thompson, W. G., Yang, L., and Yu, G. H.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: There is a long standing debate about whether or not the annual modulation signal reported by the DAMA/LIBRA collaboration is induced by Weakly Interacting Massive Particles~(WIMP) in the galaxy's dark matter halo scattering from nuclides in their NaI(Tl) crystal target/detector. This is because regions of WIMP-mass vs. WIMP-nucleon cross-section parameter space that can accommodate the DAMA/LIBRA-phase1 modulation signal in the context of the standard WIMP dark matter galactic halo and isospin-conserving~(canonical), spin-independent~(SI) WIMP-nucleon interactions have been excluded by many of other dark matter search experiments including COSINE-100, which uses the same NaI(Tl) target/detector material. Moreover, the recently released DAMA/LIBRA-phase2 results are inconsistent with an interpretation as WIMP-nuclide scattering via the canonical SI interaction and prefer, instead, isospin-violating or spin-dependent interactions. Dark matter interpretations of the DAMA/LIBRA signal are sensitive to the NaI(Tl) scintillation efficiency for nuclear recoils, which is characterized by so-called quenching factors~(QF), and the QF values used in previous studies differ significantly from recently reported measurements, which may have led to incorrect interpretations of the DAMA/LIBRA signal. In this article, the compatibility of the DAMA/LIBRA and COSINE-100 results, in light of the new QF measurements is examined for different possible types of WIMP-nucleon interactions. The resulting allowed parameter space regions associated with the DAMA/LIBRA signal are explicitly compared with 90\% confidence level upper limits from the initial 59.5~day COSINE-100 exposure. With the newly measured QF values, the allowed 3$\sigma$ regions from the DAMA/LIBRA data are still generally excluded by the COSINE-100 data., Comment: Accepted in JCAP
Published: 2019
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49. Search for $\Omega(2012)\to K\Xi(1530) \to K\pi\Xi$ at Belle

Author: Belle Collaboration, Jia, S., Shen, C. P., Adachi, I., Ahn, J. K., Aihara, H., Said, S. Al, Asner, D. M., Aushev, T., Ayad, R., Babu, V., Bahinipati, S., Bakich, A. M., Behera, P., Beleño, C., Bennett, J., Berger, M., Bhardwaj, V., Bilka, T., Biswal, J., Bobrov, A., Bozek, A., Bračko, M., Browder, T. E., Campajola, M., Cao, L., Červenkov, D., Chekelian, V., Chen, A., Cheon, B. G., Chilikin, K., Cho, H. E., Cho, K., Choi, S. -K., Choi, Y., Choudhury, S., Cinabro, D., Cunliffe, S., Dash, N., De Nardo, G., Di Capua, F., Di Carlo, S., Doležal, Z., Dong, T. V., Eidelman, S., Epifanov, D., Fast, J. E., Fulsom, B. G., Gaur, V., Gabyshev, N., Garmash, A., Giri, A., Goldenzweig, P., Golob, B., Grzymkowska, O., Hartbrich, O., Hayasaka, K., Hayashii, H., Hou, W. -S., Huang, K., Iijima, T., Inami, K., Inguglia, G., Ishikawa, A., Itoh, R., Iwasaki, M., Iwasaki, Y., Jacobs, W. W., Jin, Y., Joffe, D., Joo, K. K., Kaliyar, A. B., Kang, K. H., Karyan, G., Kato, Y., Kawasaki, T., Kichimi, H., Kim, D. Y., Kim, H. J., Kim, K. T., Kim, S. H., Kinoshita, K., Kodyš, P., Korpar, S., Kotchetkov, D., Križan, P., Kroeger, R., Krokovny, P., Kumar, R., Kuzmin, A., Kwon, Y. -J., Lange, J. S., Lee, I. S., Lee, J. K., Lee, J. Y., Lee, S. C., Li, L. K., Li, Y. B., Gioi, L. Li, Libby, J., Lieret, K., Liventsev, D., Lu, P. -C., MacNaughton, J., MacQueen, C., Masuda, M., Matsuda, T., Matvienko, D., McNeil, J. T., Merola, M., Miyata, H., Mizuk, R., Mori, T., Mussa, R., Nakano, T., Nakao, M., Nath, K. J., Nayak, M., Niiyama, M., Nisar, N. K., Nishida, S., Nishimura, K., Ogawa, K., Ogawa, S., Ono, H., Onuki, Y., Ostrowicz, W., Pakhlov, P., Pakhlova, G., Pal, B., Pang, T., Pardi, S., Park, S. -H., Patra, S., Paul, S., Pedlar, T. K., Pestotnik, R., Piilonen, L. E., Popov, V., Prencipe, E., Ritter, M., Rostomyan, A., Russo, G., Sakai, Y., Salehi, M., Sandilya, S., Santelj, L., Sanuki, T., Savinov, V., Schneider, O., Schnell, G., Schueler, J., Schwanda, C., Seino, Y., Senyo, K., Seon, O., Sevior, M. E., Shebalin, V., Shiu, J. -G., Sokolov, A., Solovieva, E., Starič, M., Strube, J. F., Sumihama, M., Sumiyoshi, T., Sutcliffe, W., Takizawa, M., Tamponi, U., Tanida, K., Tenchini, F., Uchida, M., Uglov, T., Unno, Y., Uno, S., Urquijo, P., Usov, Y., Vahsen, S. E., Van Tonder, R., Varner, G., Vinokurova, A., Vossen, A., Wang, B., Wang, C. H., Wang, M. -Z., Wang, P., Won, E., Yang, S. B., Ye, H., Yelton, J., Yin, J. H., Yuan, C. Z., Yusa, Y., Zhang, Z. P., Zhilich, V., and Zhukova, V.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract: Using data samples of $e^+e^-$ collisions collected at the $\Upsilon(1S)$, $\Upsilon(2S)$, and $\Upsilon(3S)$ resonances with the Belle detector, we search for the three-body decay of the $\Omega(2012)$ baryon to $K\pi\Xi$. This decay is predicted to dominate for models describing the $\Omega(2012)$ as a $K\Xi(1530)$ molecule. No significant $\Omega(2012)$ signals are observed in the studied channels, and 90\% credibility level upper limits on the ratios of the branching fractions relative to $K \Xi$ decay modes are obtained., Comment: 16 pages, 5 figures
Published: 2019
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50. Study of cosmogenic radionuclides in the COSINE-100 NaI(Tl) detectors

Author: de Souza, E. Barbosa, Park, B. J., Adhikari, G., Adhikari, P., Carlin, N., Choi, J. J., Choi, S., Djamal, M., Ezeribe, A. C., Ha, C., Hahn, I. S., Jeon, E. J., Jo, J. H., Kang, W. G., Kauer, M., Kim, G. S., Kim, H., Kim, H. J., Kim, K. W., Kim, N. Y., Kim, S. K., Kim, Y. D., Kim, Y. H., Ko, Y. J., Kudryavtsev, V. A., Lee, E. K., Lee, H. S., Lee, J., Lee, J. Y., Lee, M. H., Lee, S. H., Leonard, D. S., Lynch, W. A., Manzato, B. B., Maruyama, R. H., Neal, R. J., Olsen, S. L., Park, H. K., Park, H. S., Park, K. S., Pitta, R. L. C., Prihtiadi, H., Ra, S. J., Rott, C., Shin, K. A., Scarff, A., Spooner, N. J. C., Thompson, W. G., Yang, L., Yu, G. H., and Collaboration, COSINE-100
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: COSINE-100 is a direct detection dark matter search experiment that uses a 106 kg array of eight NaI(Tl) crystals that are kept underground at the Yangyang Underground Laboratory to avoid cosmogenic activation of radioisotopes by cosmic rays. Even though the cosmogenic activity is declining with time, there are still significant background rates from the remnant nuclides. In this paper, we report measurements of cosmogenic isotope contaminations with less than one year half-lives that are based on extrapolations of the time dependent activities of their characteristic energy peaks to activity rates at the time the crystals were deployed underground. For longer-lived $^{109}$Cd ($T_{1/2}=1.6$ y) and $^{22}$Na ($T_{1/2}=2.6$ y), we investigate time correlations of characteristic $\gamma$/X-ray peaks. The inferred sea-level production rates are compared with caluclations based on the ACTIVIA and MENDL-2 model calculations and experimental data. For $^{3}$H, which has a long, 12.3 year half-life, we evaluated the activity levels from the exposure times and determined a cosmogenic activation rate that is consistent with other measurements.
Published: 2019
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