Search

Purpose: This study addresses the need for a theory-guided, rich, descriptive account of research data repositories' (RDRs) understanding of data quality and the structures of their data quality assurance (DQA) activities. Its findings can help develop operational DQA models and best practice guides and identify opportunities for innovation in the DQA activities. Design/methodology/approach: The study analyzed 122 data repositories' applications for the Core Trustworthy Data Repositories, interview transcripts of 32 curators and repository managers and data curation-related webpages of their repository websites. The combined dataset represented 146 unique RDRs. The study was guided by a theoretical framework comprising activity theory and an information quality evaluation framework. Findings: The study provided a theory-based examination of the DQA practices of RDRs summarized as a conceptual model. The authors identified three DQA activities: evaluation, intervention and communication and their structures, including activity motivations, roles played and mediating tools and rules and standards. When defining data quality, study participants went beyond the traditional definition of data quality and referenced seven facets of ethical and effective information systems in addition to data quality. Furthermore, the participants and RDRs referenced 13 dimensions in their DQA models. The study revealed that DQA activities were prioritized by data value, level of quality, available expertise, cost and funding incentives. Practical implications: The study's findings can inform the design and construction of digital research data curation infrastructure components on university campuses that aim to provide access not just to big data but trustworthy data. Communities of practice focused on repositories and archives could consider adding FAIR operationalizations, extensions and metrics focused on data quality. The availability of such metrics and associated measurements can help reusers determine whether they can trust and reuse a particular dataset. The findings of this study can help to develop such data quality assessment metrics and intervention strategies in a sound and systematic way. Originality/value: To the best of the authors' knowledge, this paper is the first data quality theory guided examination of DQA practices in RDRs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A heavy-atom-free photosensitizer (CI) based on an imidazole–carbazole conjugate exhibited strong fluorescence emission and ROS generation via both type I and II mechanisms. In particular, CI showed efficient photodynamic therapy and fluorescence bioimaging under two-photon (TP) excitation (740 nm) toward HeLa cells with negligible dark toxicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research information management systems (RIMS) have become critical components of information technology infrastructure on university campuses. They are used not just for sharing and promoting faculty research, but also for conducting faculty evaluation and development, facilitating research collaborations, identifying mentors for student projects, and expert consultants for local businesses. This study is one of the first empirical investigations of the structure of researchers' scholarly profile maintenance activities in a nonmandatory institutional RIMS. By analyzing the RIMS's log data, we identified 11 tasks researchers performed when updating their profiles. These tasks were further grouped into three activities: (a) adding publication, (b) enhancing researcher identity, and (c) improving research discoverability. In addition, we found that junior researchers and female researchers were more engaged in maintaining their RIMS profiles than senior researchers and male researchers. The results provide insights for designing profile maintenance action templates for institutional RIMS that are tailored to researchers' characteristics and help enhance researchers' engagement in the curation of their research information. This also suggests that female and junior researchers can serve as early adopters of institutional RIMS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tumor progression is profoundly affected by crosstalk between cancer cells and their stroma. In the past decades, the development of bioinformatics and the establishment of organoid model systems have allowed extensive investigation of the relationship between tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment (TME). However, the interaction between tumor cells and the extracellular matrix (ECM) in odontogenic epithelial neoplasms and the ECM remodeling mechanism remain unclear. In the present study, transcriptomic comparison and histopathologic analysis revealed that TME-related genes were upregulated in ameloblastoma compared to in odontogenic keratocysts. Tumoroid analysis indicated that type I collagen is required for ameloblastoma progression. Furthermore, ameloblastoma shows the capacity to remodel the ECM independently of cancer-associated fibroblasts. In conclusion, ameloblastoma-mediated ECM remodeling contributes to the formation of an invasive collagen architecture during tumor progression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Transcriptome analysis has been known as a functional tool for cancer research recently. Mounting evidence indicated that calcium signaling plays several key roles in cancer progression. Despite numerous studies examining calcium signaling in cancer, calcium signaling studies in ameloblastoma are limited. Results: In the present study, comparative transcriptome profiling of two representative odontogenic lesions, ameloblastoma and odontogenic keratocyst, revealed that Cav1.2 (CACNA1C, an L-type voltage-gated calcium channel) is strongly enriched in ameloblastoma. It was confirmed that the Ca2+ influx in ameloblastoma cells is mainly mediated by Cav1.2 through L-type voltage-gated calcium channel agonist and blocking reagent treatment. Overexpression and knockdown of Cav1.2 showed that Cav1.2 is directly involved in the regulation of the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor of activated T cell 1 (NFATc1), which causes cell proliferation. Furthermore, a tumoroid study indicated that Cav1.2-dependent Ca2+ entry is also associated with the maintenance of stemness of ameloblastoma cells via the enhancement of Wnt/β-catenin signaling activity. Conclusion: In conclusion, Cav1.2 regulates the NFATc1 nuclear translocation to enhance ameloblastoma cell proliferation. Furthermore, Cav1.2 dependent Ca2+ influx contributes to the Wnt/β-catenin activity for the ameloblastoma cell stemness and tumorigenicity. Our fundamental findings could have a major impact in the fields of oral maxillofacial surgery, and genetic manipulation or pharmacological approaches to Cav1.2 can be considered as new therapeutic options. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Imaging and photodynamic therapy through two‐photon excitation can be applied to medical application of deep inside the tissue by minimizing light absorption by the tissue. It is the best solution that can complement the shortcomings of conventional photodynamic therapy. In addition, auto‐fluorescence can be minimized, and damage to normal cells can be avoided through spatial and temporal control. To maximize the image realization and the effect of treatment, a single photosensitizer with high fluorescence quantum yields, two‐photon absorption value, and good 1O2 or reactive oxygen species production performance must be developed. Therefore, recent research related to this topic is summarized. In addition, two‐photon photosensitizers that approach selective imaging and treatment for target diseases and future challenges were discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bioluminescent imaging (BLI) has emerged as a popular in vivo tracking modality in bone regeneration studies stemming from its clear advantages: non-invasive, real-time, and inexpensive. We recently adopted bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) principle to improve BLI cell tracking and generated the brightest bioluminescent signal known to date, which thus enables more sensitive real-time cell tracking at deep tissue level. In the present study, we brought BRET-based cell tracking strategy into the field of bone tissue engineering for the first time. We labeled rat mesenchymal stem cells (rMSCs) with our in-house BRET-based GpNLuc reporter and evaluated the cell tracking efficacy both in vitro and in vivo. In scaffold-free spheroid 3D culture system, using BRET-based GpNLuc labeling resulted in significantly better correlation to cell numbers than a fluorescence based approach. In scaffold-based 3D culture system, GpNLuc-rMSCs displayed robust bioluminescence signals with minimal background noise. Furthermore, a tight correlation between BLI signal and cell number highlighted the robust reliability of using BRET-based BLI. In calvarial critical sized defect model, robust signal and the consistency in cell survival evaluation collectively supported BRET-based GpNLuc labeling as a reliable approach for non-invasively tracking MSC. In summary, BRET-based GpNLuc labeling is a robust, reliable, and inexpensive real-time cell tracking method, which offers a promising direction for the technological innovation of BLI and even non-invasive tracking systems, in the field of bone tissue engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• CAMKMT was downregulated in caspase-11 noncanonical inflammasome-evoked inflammatory response. • CaM lysine trimethylation and CaM-induced signaling pathways were inhibited in caspase-11 noncanonical inflammasome-evoked inflammatory response. • CAMKMT inhibited caspase-11 noncanonical inflammasome-evoked inflammatory response. • CAMKMT ameliorated caspase-11 noncanonical inflammasome-evoked acute lethal sepsis in mice. • CAMKMT is a novel anti-inflammatory methyltransferase targeting caspase-11 noncanonical inflammasome. Calmodulin (CaM)-lysine N-methyltransferase (CAMKMT) is a novel methyltransferase that catalyzes lysine trimethylation in CaM. However, its specific roles in inflammatory responses and diseases remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of CAMKMT on caspase-11 non-canonical inflammasomes. CAMKMT expression levels were significantly decreased during inflammatory responses activated by caspase-11 non-canonical inflammasome in macrophages. Moreover, CaM lysine trimethylation was markedly inhibited, but no change was observed in CaM expression during these inflammatory responses in macrophages. Activation of the CaM downstream effectors, CaM-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 and CaM-dependent protein kinase type IV, was also inhibited during inflammatory responses activated by caspase-11 non-canonical inflammasome in macrophages. Notably, forced expression of CAMKMT restrained caspase-11 non-canonical inflammasome activation via inhibiting proteolytic activation of caspase-11 and gasdermin D (GSDMD), which in turn suppressed pyroptosis and the release of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 in macrophages. Finally, an in vivo study revealed that CAMKMT ameliorated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated acute lethal sepsis in mice by increasing the survival rate and reducing the serum levels of IL-1 β. These findings suggest CAMKMT as a novel methyltransferase that plays an anti-inflammatory role through restraining caspase-11 non-canonical inflammasome in macrophages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bioluminescent imaging (BLI) has emerged as a popular in vivo tracking modality in bone regeneration studies stemming from its clear advantages: non-invasive, real-time, and inexpensive. We recently adopted bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) principle to improve BLI cell tracking and generated the brightest bioluminescent signal known to date, which thus enables more sensitive real-time cell tracking at deep tissue level. In the present study, we brought BRET-based cell tracking strategy into the field of bone tissue engineering for the first time. We labeled rat mesenchymal stem cells (rMSCs) with our in-house BRET-based GpNLuc reporter and evaluated the cell tracking efficacy both in vitro and in vivo. In scaffold-free spheroid 3D culture system, using BRET-based GpNLuc labeling resulted in significantly better correlation to cell numbers than a fluorescence based approach. In scaffold-based 3D culture system, GpNLuc-rMSCs displayed robust bioluminescence signals with minimal background noise. Furthermore, a tight correlation between BLI signal and cell number highlighted the robust reliability of using BRET-based BLI. In calvarial critical sized defect model, robust signal and the consistency in cell survival evaluation collectively supported BRET-based GpNLuc labeling as a reliable approach for non-invasively tracking MSC. In summary, BRET-based GpNLuc labeling is a robust, reliable, and inexpensive real-time cell tracking method, which offers a promising direction for the technological innovation of BLI and even non-invasive tracking systems, in the field of bone tissue engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scaffolds that are used for bone repair should provide an adequate environment for biomineralization by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Recently, decellularized pulp matrices (DPM) have been utilized in endodontics for their high regenerative potential. Inspired by the dystrophic calcification on the pulp matrix known as pulp stone, we developed acellular pulp bioscaffolds and examined their potential in facilitating MSCs mineralization for bone defect repair. Pulp was decellularized, then retention of its structural integrity was confirmed by histological, mechanical, and biochemical evaluations. MSCs were seeded and proliferation, osteogenic gene expression, and biomineralization were assessed to verify DPM's osteogenic effects in vitro. MicroCT, energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), and histological analyses were used to confirm that DPM seeded with MSCs result in greater mineralization on rat critical-sized defects than that without MSCs. Overall, our study proves DPM's potential to serve as a scaffolding material for MSC-mediated bone regeneration for future craniofacial bone tissue engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scaffolds that are used for bone repair should provide an adequate environment for biomineralization by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Recently, decellularized pulp matrices (DPM) have been utilized in endodontics for their high regenerative potential. Inspired by the dystrophic calcification on the pulp matrix known as pulp stone, we developed acellular pulp bioscaffolds and examined their potential in facilitating MSCs mineralization for bone defect repair. Pulp was decellularized, then retention of its structural integrity was confirmed by histological, mechanical, and biochemical evaluations. MSCs were seeded and proliferation, osteogenic gene expression, and biomineralization were assessed to verify DPM's osteogenic effects in vitro. MicroCT, energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), and histological analyses were used to confirm that DPM seeded with MSCs result in greater mineralization on rat critical-sized defects than that without MSCs. Overall, our study proves DPM's potential to serve as a scaffolding material for MSC-mediated bone regeneration for future craniofacial bone tissue engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The skin wound healing ability of animals differs depending on the environment. The gerbil wound model showed a different wound healing mechanism than was known thus far. Many other wound healing mechanisms have been found to involve transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1). However, in the wound healing of gerbil skin, the expression of TGF-β1 seems to be not enough compared to mouse. In this study, we compared the wound healing process of gerbil and mouse back skin. At 3 days after wounding, the TGF-β1 level was downregulated in gerbil skin wound healing compared mouse. In addition, gerbils have fewer integrin signals related to the regulation of TGF-β activation and signaling. Despite lacking these factors, the wound healing results in the gerbil are similar to those for skin wound healing in mice. In contrast, in gerbil skin wound healing, the basal skin layer showed hyperplasia in re-epithelialization, more production of hair follicles, and low probability of collagen infiltration at the late stages of wound healing. These data suggest that different wound healing mechanisms are present in the mammals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The importance of managing research data has been emphasized by the government, funding agencies, and scholarly communities. Increased access to research data increases the impact and efficiency of scientific activities and funding. Thus, many research institutions have established or plan to establish research data curation services as part of their Institutional Repositories (IRs). However, in order to design effective research data curation services in IRs, and to build active research data providers and user communities around those IRs, it is essential to study current data curation practices and provide rich descriptions of the sociotechnical factors and relationships shaping those practices. Based on 13 interviews with 15 IR staff members from 13 large research universities in the United States, this paper provides a rich, qualitative description of research data curation and use practices in IRs. In particular, the paper identifies data curation and use activities in IRs, as well as their structures, roles played, skills needed, contradictions and problems present, solutions sought, and workarounds applied. The paper can inform the development of best practice guides, infrastructure and service templates, as well as education in research data curation in Library and Information Science (LIS) schools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) is considered to be one of the cancer growth factors. This peptide's receptor (GRPR) is known as a G protein-coupled receptor, regulating intracellular calcium storage and releasing signals. This study is the first to investigate the function of GRP during mouse incisor development. We hypothesized that GRP is one of the factors that affects the regulation of calcification during tooth development. To verify the expression pattern of GRP, in situ hybridization was processed during incisor development. GRP was expressed at the late bell stage and hard tissue formation stage in the epithelial tissue. To identify the genuine function of GRP during incisor development, a gain-of-function analysis was performed. After GRP overexpression in culture, the phenotype of ameloblasts, odontoblasts and predentin was altered compared to control group. Moreover, enamel and dentin thickness was increased after renal capsule transplantation of GRP-overexpressed incisors. With these results, we suggest that GRP plays a significant role in the formation of enamel and dentin by regulating ameloblasts and predentin formation, respectively. Thus, GRP signaling is strongly related to calcium acquisition and secretion during mouse incisor development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spermatogonial stem cell (SSC) self‐renewal is regulated by reciprocal interactions between Sertoli cells and SSCs in the testis. In a previous study, microtubule‐associated serine/threonine kinase 4 (MAST4) has been studied in Sertoli cells as a regulator of SSC self‐renewal. The present study focused on the mechanism by which MAST4 in Sertoli cells transmits the signal and regulates SSCs, especially cell cycle regulation. The expression of PLZF, CDK2 and PLZF target genes was examined in WT and Mast4 KO testes by Immunohistochemistry, RT‐qPCR and western blot. In addition, IdU and BrdU were injected into WT and Mast4 KO mice and cell cycle of SSCs was analysed. Finally, the testis tissues were cultured in vitro to examine the regulation of cell cycle by MAST4 pathway. Mast4 KO mice showed infertility with Sertoli cell‐only syndrome and reduced sperm count. Furthermore, Mast4 deletion led to decreased PLZF expression and cell cycle progression in the testes. MAST4 also induced cyclin‐dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) to phosphorylate PLZF and activated PLZF suppressed the transcriptional levels of genes related to cell cycle arrest, leading SSCs to remain stem cell state. MAST4 is essential for maintaining cell cycle in SSCs via the CDK2‐PLZF interaction. These results demonstrate the pivotal role of MAST4 regulating cell cycle of SSCs and the significance of spermatogenesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes an air-gap applied adiabatic line for a coaxial transmission line. The adiabatic characteristics with excellent microwave transmission were simulated in terms of the S-parameter and the heat transfer of coaxial lines with a finite-element-method-based tool for the adiabatic microwave design. The detailed design scheme of the air-gap adiabatic line is presented and its performance is evaluated. The adiabatic efficiency associated with microwave feature was analyzed by a resistive equivalent circuit model of the line. We made a stainless steel air-gap adiabatic line that had about 11 times greater thermal resistance than that of a gapless coaxial line, a beryllium copper line, with the increment of just 0.4-dB insertion loss. We also propose a solution to improve the low-frequency transmission of an air-gap adiabatic line with a tunable ground wire for broad-band feature. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

As the amount of research data management is growing, the use of identity metadata for discovering, linking, and citing research data is growing too. To support the awareness of different identifier systems and the comparison and selection of an identifier for a particular data management environment, there is need for a knowledge base. This article contributes to that goal and analyzes the data management and related literatures to develop a data identifier taxonomy. The taxonomy includes four categories (domain, entity types, activities, and quality dimensions). In addition, the article describes 14 identifiers referenced in the literature and analyzes them along the taxonomy. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Abstract: Porosity effect of carbon materials on the electrochemical performances as cathode materials in non-aqueous Li-oxygen cells has been investigated. A carbon aerogel material is chosen to represent mesoporosity and a couple of activated carbon materials are selected to represent microporosity. Carbon aerogel shows at least ten times higher discharge capacity (4155 mAh g−1) than activated carbons. It is found that as much as 61% of pore volume of carbon aerogel is filled with discharge products (Li2O2) while less than 18% of pore volume is occupied with Li2O2 at the end of discharge in activated carbons, indicating that mesopore is more effective than micropore. In another experiments, the electrolyte impregnated electrode shows a capacitor-like discharge behavior, meaning it is necessary to have some open pore for the oxygen supply even though they are micropores. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Direct internal pressure measurements of the cylindrical Li-ion cells with a mixture of LiCoO2 and Li1.167Ni0.233Co0.1Mn0.467Mo0.033O2 (a solid solution between 0.4 Li2Mn0.8Ni0.1Mo0.1O3 and 0.6 LiNi0.4Co0.2Mn0.4O2) as cathode and graphite as anode have been performed during cell charging. Cell internal pressure at the end of charging is greatly reduced from 2.85 to 0.84–1.84 bar by adding a small amount of phosphorus derivatives such as triphenyl phosphine (TPP), ethyl diphenylphosphinite (EDP), and triethyl phosphite (TEP) into a carbonate-based electrolyte. The phosphorus derivatives are supposed to react with O2 generated from the decomposition of the Li2MnO3 component. The chemical states of additive molecules before and after the charging process have been characterized with a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). It has also been shown that those additives improve the cycle life when applied in coin full cells. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Runt-related transcription factor 3 (Runx3) is essential for normal mouse development, and Runx3 knock-out (KO) mice (FVB strain), which die within 24 h after birth, show various organ defects, such as lung hyperplasia. For proper early liver development, angiogenesis and liver cell differentiation mechanisms are necessary in mammals. Previous studies have reported that various signaling molecules, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), von Willebrand factor (vWF) and cluster of differentiation 31 (CD31), are closely related to angiogenesis in the developing liver. Proper expression levels of molecules that induce liver cell differentiation, such as phosphorylated Smad2 (pSmad2), nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB), Wilms tumor-1 (WT-1) and CD90 (Thy-1), are necessary for fetal liver development. To confirm the pathogenesis of liver defects caused by the loss of function of Runx3, the localization of proliferating cells was examined in wild-type and Runx3 KO mouse livers at postnatal day 1 (PN1). Specimens were also stained for various liver differentiation markers to confirm the function of Runx3. Moreover, gene expression level was examined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Our results indicate that VEGF, vWF, CD31, pSmad2, NF-kB, WT-1 and Thy-1 were markedly up-regulated by the loss of Runx3. Therefore, our results indicate that liver development is controlled by Runx3. Clarifying the mechanisms of angiogenesis and liver differentiation might aid in the design of efficient and safe antiangiogenic therapy and gene therapy for liver disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Ameloblastoma (AM) has been known as a benign but locally invasive tumour with high recurrence rates. Invasive behaviour of the AM results in destruction of the adjacent jawbone and the non‐detectable remnants during surgery, interrupting the complete elimination of cancer cells. Methods: To explore novel targets for the tumour cell invasion, a transcriptomic analysis between AM and odontogenic keratocyst were performed through next‐generation sequencing in detail. Results: Enrichment of CACNA1C gene (encoding Cav1.2) in AM, a subunit of the L‐type voltage‐gated calcium channel (VGCC) was observed for the first time. The expression and channel activity of Cav1.2 was confirmed by immunostaining and calcium imaging in the patient samples or primary cells. Verapamil, L‐type VGCC blocker revealed suppression of the Ca2+‐induced cell aggregation and collective invasion of AM cells in vitro. Furthermore, the effect of verapamil in suppressing AM invasion into the adjacent bone was confirmed through orthotopic xenograft model specifically. Conclusion: Taken together, Cav1.2 maybe considered to be a therapeutic candidate to decrease the collective migration and invasion of AM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A highly stabilized technique for the amplitude and phase measurements of electric fields in the reactive near field of a sophisticated high-frequency antenna array set is presented. Amplitude and phase instability problems, which often occur in high-frequency electromagnetic metrology methods based on all-dielectric electrooptic sensing, have been overcome by real-time calibration of the system drift. The performance of our reactive-near-field imaging system, as well as its merits in antenna analyses and metrology, is introduced by exploring a 4 \times 4 patch antenna array. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ensuring the quality of information is a critical ethical issue for any information system. Research Information Management Systems (RIMSs) need to engage researchers in sharing research information and knowledge, and ensuring its quality. This paper introduces a theoretical framework for researcher participation in RIMSs. The framework is grounded in empirical research and can guide the design of RIMSs by defining typologies of researcher activities in RIMSs, related motivations, levels of participation, and metadata profiles. In addition, the framework defines discipline- and seniority-specific priorities for the researcher's activities and motivations. RIMS managers and scholarly communications librarians can use the framework to assemble RIMS service and metadata profiles that are tailored to the researcher's context. Likewise, the framework can guide the construction of communication messages personalized to the researcher's priorities and her or his motivations for engaging in a specific activity, which will enhance the researcher's engagement with the RIMS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the field of research, teaching graduate students how to manage data on a regular basis is becoming increasingly crucial. However, there is a lack of adequate evidence in the literature to determine the necessity of Research Data Management (RDM) training from the perspectives of social science student researchers. To address this gap, a pilot study was conducted to develop a data core competency measure to gauge the perceived importance of data competency among social science graduate students and assess their data core competency. Forty graduate students in a college of education at an US research university filled out a researcher-designed data core competency survey. This pilot study found that graduate students in the social sciences do not generally appreciate RDM. Consequently, the results underscore the need to foster an environment in graduate social science programs that value RDM best practices. The study suggested that future studies build on the preliminary findings by developing standardized data core competency measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • hiPSCs are differentiated into dental epithelial and mesenchymal cells, identified by RNA sequencing analysis. • hiPSC-derived dental cells encapsulated in GelMA led to the capacity for osteogenic and chondrogenic lineages. • Differentiated dental cells in collagen gel induced into chondrogenic or osteogenic lineage. • Our most significant finding is the successful formation of bioengineered tooth-like constructs from hiPSC-derived dental cells in agar gel, a breakthrough in the field of bioengineering. Most mineralized tissues in our body are present in bones and teeth. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) are promising candidates for cell therapy to help regenerate bone defects and teeth loss. The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a non-cellular structure secreted by cells. Studies on the dynamic microenvironment of ECM are necessary for stem cell-based therapies. We aim to optimize an effective protocol for hiPSC differentiation into dental cells without utilizing animal-derived factors or cell feeders that can be applied to humans and to mineralize differentiated dental cells into hard tissues. For the differentiation of both dental epithelial cells (DECs) and dental mesenchymal cells (DMCs) from hiPSCs, an embryoid body (EB) was formed from hiPSCs. hiPSC were differentiated into neural crest cells with an induction medium utilized in our previous study, and hiPSC-derived DECs were differentiated with a BMP-modulated customized medium. hiPSC-dental cells were then characterized, analyzed, and validated with transcriptomic analysis, western blotting, and RT-qPCR. To form mineralized tissues, hiPSC-derived DECs were recombined with hiPSC-derived DMCs encapsulated in various biomaterials, including gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA), collagen, and agar matrix. These hiPSC-derived dental cells are highly osteogenic and chondro-osteogenic in photocrosslinkable GelMA hydrogel and collagen type I microenvironments. Furthermore, hiPSC-derived dental cells in agar gel matrix induced the formation of a bioengineered tooth. Our study provides an approach for applying hiPSCs for hard tissue regeneration, including tooth and bone. This study has immense potential to provide a novel technology for bioengineering organs for various regenerative therapies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Different stem cell–based strategies, especially induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), have been exploited to regenerate teeth or restore biological and physiological functions after tooth loss. Further research is needed to establish an optimized protocol to effectively differentiate human iPSCs (hiPSCs) into dental epithelial cells (DECs). In this study, various factors were precisely modulated to facilitate differentiation of hiPSCs into DECs, which are essential for the regeneration of functional teeth. Embryoid bodies (EBs) were formed from hiPSCs as embryo-like aggregates, retinoic acid (RA) was used as an early ectodermal inducer, and bone morphogenic protein 4 (BMP4) activity was manipulated. The characteristics of DECs were enhanced and preserved after culture in keratinocyte serum-free medium (K-SFM). The yielded cell population exhibited noticeable DEC characteristics, consistent with the expression of epithelial cell and ameloblast markers. DECs demonstrated odontogenic abilities by exerting an inductive effect on human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) and forming a tooth-like structure with the mouse tooth mesenchyme. Overall, our differentiation protocol provides a practical approach for applying hiPSCs for tooth regeneration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT)-based fluorophores with two-photon excitation fluorescence (TPEF) are rare. Our aim with this research was to develop ESIPT-based fluorophores exhibiting TPEF. Herein, we used 4-hydroxyisoindoline-1,3-dione as a scaffold to develop a two-photon fluorescent probe BHID-Bpin, for the detection of peroxynitrite (ONOO−). BHID-Bpin exhibits excellent selectivity, sensitivity, and fast response towards ONOO− in PBS buffer solution (10 mM, pH = 7.40). Additionally, BHID-Bpin displays high photo-stability under two-photon irradiation at 750 nm. Furthermore, the probe can image endogenous ONOO− in HeLa cells and exogenous ONOO− in rat hippocampal slices at a depth of 110 μm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AzuFluor® 435-DPA-Zn, an azulene fluorophore bearing two zinc(II)-dipicolylamine receptor motifs, exhibits fluorescence enhancement in the presence of adenosine diphosphate. Selectivity for ADP over ATP, AMP and PPi results from appropriate positioning of the receptor motifs, since an isomeric sensor cannot discriminate between ADP and ATP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The treatment of ameloblastoma, an odontogenic epithelial tumour destroying jawbone, mainly depends on radical destructive resections. Other therapeutic options are limited by the characteristics of ameloblastoma, such as high recurrence rates and resistance to radiation and chemotherapy, which implies possible existence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in ameloblastoma. Here, we identified a putative CSC population in immortalized and primary human ameloblastoma cells and examined possible therapeutic reagents to reduce the CSC population. Methods: We investigated subpopulations of AM‐1 cell line and human ameloblastoma cells using immunocytochemistry and flow cytometry and the effects of Wnt signalling activators on the 2‐ and 3‐dimensional cultured ameloblastoma cells using molecular biological analyses. Result: Among heterogenous ameloblastoma cells, small‐sized and round‐shaped cells were found to be proliferative and expressed a marker of dental epithelial stem cells, SRY‐box 2 (Sox2). Exogenous activation of Wnt signalling using glycogen synthase kinase 3β inhibitors, lithium chloride (LiCl) and valproic acid (VPA), increased the cell size and decreased proliferation of cells and expression of Sox2 in 2 dimensionally cultured AM‐1 and human primary ameloblastoma cells. Furthermore, the growth of 3 dimensionally cultured AM‐1 cells as suspended or embedded in gel was suppressed by treatment with Wnt signalling activators, VPA and CHIR99021, or antibodies to sclerostin, an antagonist of Wnt signalling. Conclusion: We suggest that Wnt signalling activators are potential drug candidates to suppress CSCs in ameloblastoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been extensively explored in bone tissue engineering, only few studies using mesenchymal stem cells from mandible (M-MSCs) have been reported. However, mesenchymal stem cells from mandible have the potential to be as effective as femur-derived mesenchymal stem cells (F-MSCs) in regenerating bone, especially in the orofacial regions, which share embryonic origin, proximity, and accessibility. M-MSCs were isolated and characterized using mesenchymal stem cell–specific markers, colony forming assay, and multi-potential differentiation. In vitro osteogenic potential, including proliferation, osteogenic gene expression, alkaline phosphatase activity, and mineralization, was examined and compared. Furthermore, in vivo bone formations of F-MSCs and M-MSCs in rat critical sized defect were evaluated using microCT and histology. M-MSCs from rat could be successfully isolated and expanded while preserving their MSC's characteristics. M-MSCs demonstrated a comparable proliferation and mineralization potentials and in vivo bone formation as F-MSCs. M-MSCs is a promising cell source candidate for craniofacial bone tissue engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present detailed investigations of the magnetic properties of Pt/CoFeB/MgO layers as studied using the angle-resolved spin-torque ferromagnetic resonance method. Although the measurements provide reasonable magnetic parameters, we obtain an unusual value in the interfacial spin transparency if spin-pumping is assumed to be the dominant source for enhancing magnetic damping (αeff) in the nanometer thickness regime. However, the thickness dependence of the Landé g-factor (geff) for CoFeB indicates that the interfacial spin–orbit coupling plays a role in determining αeff. In addition, the azimuthal asymmetry in the magnetic system may not be related to the possibility of generating unconventional spin polarization. The results in this work are expected to aid in understanding various magnetic properties and current-induced spin-torques in a heavy-metal/ferromagnet bilayer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on anti-inflammatory and osteogenic properties of hesperidin (HE), we hypothesized its systemic administration could be a cost-effective method of improving BMP-induced bone regeneration. Sprague–Dawley rats were allocated into 4 groups (n = 10/group): a 5-mm critical-sized mandible defect + collagen scaffold or, scaffold + 1 µg of BMP2 with and without dietary HE at 100 mg/kg. HE was administered by oral gavage 4 weeks prior to surgeries until euthanasia at day 7 or 14 post-surgery. The healing tissue within the defect collected at day 7 was subjected to gene expression analysis. Mandibles harvested at day 14 were subjected to microcomputed tomography and histology. HE + BMP2-treated rats had a statistically significant decrease in expression of inflammatory genes compared to BMP2 alone. The high-dose BMP2 alone caused cystic-like regeneration with incomplete defect closure. HE + BMP2 showed virtually complete bone fusion. Collagen fibril birefringence pattern (red color) under polarized light indicated high organization in BMP2-induced newly formed bone (NFB) in HE-supplemented group (p < 0.05). Clear changes in osteocyte lacunae as well as a statistically significant increase in osteoclasts were found around NFB in HE-treated rats. A significant increase in trabecular volume and thickness, and trabecular and cortical density was found in femurs of HE-supplemented rats (p < 0.05). Our findings show, for the first time, that dietary HE has a remarkable modulatory role in the function of locally delivered high-dose BMP2 in bone regeneration possibly via control of inflammation, osteogenesis, changes in osteocyte and osteoclast function and collagen maturation in regenerated and native bone. In conclusion, HE had a significant skeletal bone sparing effect and the ability to provide a more effective BMP-induced craniofacial regeneration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biological events occur in specific cellular organelles to perform specialized roles in cells and collaborate with other organelles. Various methods have been used to study organelle dynamics, including two-photon microscopy. This technique uses two near-infrared photons as an excitation source to generate high-resolution images over an extended period with minimal photo-toxicity and background noise. This review highlighted the design strategies, photo-physical properties, and bioimaging applications of recent two-photon probes for organelles in live samples. In this review, we focused on the development of two-photon probes specifically localized in the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi, lipid droplets, lysosomes, plasma membrane, and mitochondria. The summary was limited to research from 2017 onwards. [Display omitted] • Bioimaging analysis of cell organelles using two-photon fluorescent probes are reviewed. • Special attention is given to design strategies and photo-physical properties of two-photon probes for organelles. • Identification of specific analytes and applications in deep live tissues and biomedical research are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined how researchers used research information systems (RIMSs) and the relationships among researchers' seniority, discipline, and types and extent of RIMS use. Most researchers used RIMSs to discover research content. Fewer used RIMSs for sharing and promoting their research. Early career researchers were more frequent users of RIMSs than were associate and full professors. Likewise, assistant professors and postdocs exhibited a higher probability of using RIMSs to promote their research than did students and full professors. Humanities researchers were the least frequent users of RIMSs. Moreover, humanities scholars used RIMSs to evaluate research less than did scholars in other disciplines. The tasks of discovering papers, monitoring the literature, identifying potential collaborators, and promoting research were predictors of higher RIMS use. Researchers who engaged in promoting their research, evaluating research, or monitoring the literature showed a greater propensity to have a public RIMS profile. Furthermore, researchers mostly agreed that not being required, having no effect on their status, not being useful, or not being a norm were reasons for not having a public RIMS profile. Humanities scholars were also more likely than social scientists to agree that having a RIMS profile was not a norm in their fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Researchers’ participation in online RIMSs: This article examined how researchers participated in research information management systems (RIMSs), their motivations for participation, and their priorities for those motivations. Profile maintenance, question-answering, and endorsement activities were used to define three cumulatively increasing levels of participation: Readers, Record Managers, and Community Members. Junior researchers were more engaged in RIMSs than were senior researchers. Postdocs had significantly higher odds of endorsing other researchers for skills and being categorized as Community Members than did full and associate professors. Assistant professors were significantly more likely to be Record Managers than were members of any other seniority categories. Finally, researchers from the life sciences showed a significantly higher propensity for being Community Members than Readers and Record Managers when compared with researchers from engineering and the physical sciences, respectively. Researchers’ motivations to participate in RIMSs: When performing activities, researchers were motivated by the desire to share scholarship, feel competent, experience a sense of enjoyment, improve their status, and build ties with other members of the community. Moreover, when researchers performed activities that directly benefited other members of a RIMS, they assigned higher priorities to intrinsic motivations, such as perceived self-efficacy, enjoyment, and building community ties. Researchers at different stages of their academic careers and disciplines ranked some of the motivations for engaging with RIMSs differently. The general model of research participation in RIMSs; the relationships among RIMS activities; the motivation scales for activities; and the activity, seniority, and discipline-specific priorities for the motivations developed by this study provide the foundation for a framework for researcher participation in RIMSs. This framework can be used by RIMSs and institutional repositories to develop tools and design mechanisms to increase researchers’ engagement in RIMSs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our laboratory utilized biomimicry to develop a synthetic bone scaffold based on hydroxyapatite-gelatin-calcium silicate (HGCS). Here, we evaluated the potential of HGCS scaffold in bone formation in vivo using the rat calvarial critical-sized defect (CSD). Twelve Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized to four groups: control (defect only), decellularized bone matrix (DECBM), and HGCS with and without multipotent adult progenitor cells (MAPCs). DECBM was prepared by removing all the cells using SDS and NH4OH. After 12 weeks, the CSD specimens were harvested to evaluate radiographical, histological, and histomorphometrical outcomes. The in vitro osteogenic effects of the materials were studied by focal adhesion, MTS, and alizarin red. Micro-CT analysis indicated that the DECBM and the HGCS scaffold groups developed greater radiopaque areas than the other groups. Bone regeneration, assessed using histological analysis and fluorochrome labeling, was the highest in the HGCS scaffold seeded with MAPCs. The DECBM group showed limited osteoinductivity, causing a gap between the implant and host tissue. The group grafted with HGCS+MAPCs resulting in twice as much new bone formation seems to indicate a role for effective bone regeneration. In conclusion, the novel HGCS scaffold could improve bone regeneration and is a promising carrier for stem cell-mediated bone regeneration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prior studies have identified a need for engaging researchers in providing and curating their identity data. This article reports findings from a qualitative study exploring how researchers use and participate in online research information management (RIM) systems and their requirements for information quality in RIM systems. The purpose of the study was to enhance the knowledge of how to design scalable and reliable solutions for research-identity data curation by examining researchers' motivations for participating in online RIM systems and contributing to research-identity data curation. The findings identify nine activity-related motivations for using RIM systems, five types of information-quality problems in RIM systems, and 12 information-quality criteria that researchers perceived to be important in RIM systems. This study also identified three levels of participation in RIM systems: Readers, Personal Record Managers, and Community Members. Design recommendations were suggested for institutional repositories and RIM systems to provide improved services. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Two-photon (TP) microscopy (TPM) is an indispensable visualization tool for deep-tissue imaging. TPM uses the low energy light of the near-infrared window as an excitation source of fluorophores which reduces autofluorescence, photodamage, and light scattering, resulting in high resolution fluorescence images potentially beyond several millimeter depths in living systems. Due to the continuous development of the microscope and advances in optical output algorithms, it is crucial to develop innovative strategies for the quantitative analysis of biomedically relevant target analytes in living systems using TP fluorescence probes. In this review, we have highlighted ratiometric TP probe design strategies with representative ratiometric TP sensors in the last decade. We have also summarized the recent progress in the development of TP probes published between 2017 and 2022 for quantitatively detecting analytes such as enzymes, reactive species, bio-thiols, pH, neutral molecules, and metal ions in live cells and tissues. [Display omitted] • Current advances in quantitative bio-imaging in live tissue using ratiometric two-photon fluorescent probes are reviewed. • Special attention is given to designing strategies involving ratiometric bio-imaging such as ICT, FRET, and internal reference-based approaches. • Identification of specific analytes and applications in deep live tissues, in vivo, and biomedical research are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glutathione (GSH) is known to play a key role in the modulation of the redox environment in N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. Coumarin derivative 1 bearing cyanoacrylamide and ifenprodil moieties was synthesized and reported to monitor GSH near NMDA receptors. The cyanoacrylamide moiety allows probe 1 to monitor GSH reversibly at pH 7.4 and the ifenprodil group acts as a directing group for NMDA receptors. Two-photon fluorescence microscopy allows probe 1 to successfully sense endogenous GSH in neuronal cells and hippocampal tissues with excitation at 750 nm. Furthermore, the addition of H2O2 and GSH induced a decrease and an increase in fluorescence emission. Probe 1 can serve as a potential practical imaging tool to get important information on GSH in the brain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The combustion characteristics of promising alternative fuels have been studied extensively in the recent years. Nevertheless, the pyrolysis and oxidation kinetics for many oxygenated fuels are not well characterized compared to those of hydrocarbons. In the present investigation, the first chemical kinetic study of a long-chain linear symmetric ether, di-n-butyl ether (DBE), is presented and a detailed reaction model is developed. DBE has been identified recently as a candidate biofuel produced from lignocellulosic biomass. The model includes both high temperature and low temperature reaction pathways with reaction rates generated using appropriate rate rules. In addition, experimental studies on fundamental combustion characteristics, such as ignition delay times and laminar flame speeds have been performed. A laminar flow reactor was used to determine the ignition delay times of lean and stoichiometric DBE/air mixtures. The laminar flame speeds of DBE/air mixtures were measured in the stagnation flame configuration for a wide rage of equivalence ratios at atmospheric pressure and an unburned reactant temperature of 373K. All experimental data were modeled using the present kinetic model. The agreement between measured and computed results is satisfactory, and the model was used to elucidate the oxidation pathways of DBE. The dissociation of keto-hydroperoxides, leading to radical chain branching was found to dominate the ignition of DBE in the low temperature regime. The results of the present numerical and experimental study of the oxidation of di-n-butyl ether provide a good basis for further investigation of long chain linear and branched ethers. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Asymmetric pyrene derivative (Py3) exhibits synergetic ROS generation under NIR light exposure. Py3 demonstrates superior photodynamic therapy (PDT) effectiveness compared to Chlorin e6. Moreover, melanin, known to shield melanocytes during PDT with UV/visible excitation, remained minimally affected by two-photon irradiation in both cells and 3D pheroids. Also, Py3 inhibited tumor growth in a B16F10 and 4T1 model mice during two-photon PDT. [Display omitted] • Revealed novel pyrene derivatives as effective two-photon photosensitizers. • Implemented a simple, flexible design strategy with easy synthetic methods. • Generated potent ROS under NIR light exposure and hypoxic conditions. • Achieved notable PDT success in melanin pigment-protected melanoma models. • Successfully inhibited tumor growth in mouse models. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is primarily applied in the treatment of skin diseases. However, conventional PDT is less effective for melanoma, a type of skin cancer that contains melanin pigment, due to melanin's broad absorption spectrum in the ultraviolet–visible region. This reduces the effectiveness of traditional photosensitizers (PSs) in PDT. Here, we introduced pyrene based two-photon (TP) PSs that are easy to synthesize. Among the π-extended pyrene derivatives, we have confirmed the synergetic generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) with asymmetric pyrene (Py3). We proposed a mechanism explaining the higher ROS generation efficiency of Py3 compared with that of the symmetric derivatives through theoretical calculations. Py3 effectively stains the plasma membrane of melanoma cells and demonstrates superior PDT efficacy compared with Chlorin e6. As the melanin content increases in melanoma cells, cell death significantly decreases under visible light excitation; notably, it is minimally affected by TP irradiation at 750 nm. In 3D multicellular tumor spheroids with a high melanin content, Py3 showed high PDT efficacy through TP irradiation, whereas under visible light irradiation, PDT efficacy decreased. In experiments involving the injection of Py3 into the tail of mice with B16F10 and 4 T1 tumor models, followed by TP-PDT, we observed significant inhibition of tumor growth and high biocompatibility. Our results indicate a promising TP-PDT method for treating melanomas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Leaf senescence, the final stage of leaf development, occurs in an age-dependent manner but can be finely regulated by other developmental and environmental factors. Despite the discovery of many genes involved in leaf senescence, the molecular genetic mechanisms of leaf senescence are still unclear. In this study, an activation-tagging based suppressor screen was performed to identify Arabidopsis genes that could suppress the delayed leaf senescence phenotypes of oresara9-1 (ore9-1) when overexpressed. The suppressor1 of ore9 dominant (sor1-D) was caused by the overexpression of AtCHX24, a putative cation/H+ exchanger. The sor1-D mutation suppressed the phenotypes of ore9 in age-dependent and dark-induced senescence. Furthermore, the sor1-D mutation restored the delayed senescence phenotypes of ore1 and ore3. The sor1-D mutant also exhibited increased sensitivity to pH changes during dark-induced leaf senescence. Collectively, overexpression of AtCHX24 results in accelerated leaf senescence and these results suggest that AtCHX24 plays an important role in regulating leaf senescence. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

A cyclocyanine (CC)-based organic small molecule two-photon (TP) fluorescent probe (CCNa1) was developed for mitochondrial sodium ion sensing. CCNa1 exhibits a low solvatochromic shift and strong TP fluorescence enhancement at 575 nm upon binding to Na+ and is insensitive to other metal ions and to pH. CCNa1 demonstrated fast cell loading ability, biocompatibility, and sensitive response to mitochondrial Na+ influx in live cells and mouse brain tissue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A two-photon fluorescent probe is developed for detecting cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) activity in human colon tissues. • The probe is based on a novel two-photon fluorophore possessing significant two-photon brightness (160 GM). • The probe can clearly distinguish the differential COX-2 level between human cancer and normal colorectal tissues. Cyclooxygenase-2 is overexpressed in all stages of cancers and thus serves as an attractive biomarker for early cancer diagnosis. In this study, we report a two-photon probe (SCX) for cyclooxygenase-2 which can reflect the intracellular enzyme level and distinguish between cancerous and normal tissue in colorectal cancer patients. SCX is based on a novel two-photon fluorophore (PBT) possessing phenanthrene donor and benzothiazole acceptor, and indomethacin as a COX-2 targeting unit. The in vitro and cell imaging studies revealed that SCX could distinguish the COX-2 expression levels in cancerous and normal cells. Furthermore, for the first time, normal and cancerous tissues could clearly be distinguished in human biopsy samples by using a COX-2 responsible two-photon probe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Novel thiocarbonyl derivatives (NIS and CRNS) with excellent ROS generation abilities are synthesized and studied as potential photosensitizers for one- and two-photon excited photodynamic therapy. In particular, NIS-Me and CRNS display outstanding phototoxicity toward HeLa cells under two-photon excitation (800 nm) with negligible dark toxicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]