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1. Electromechanical and Robotic Devices for Gait and Balance Rehabilitation of Children with Neurological Disability: A Systematic Review

Author

Nicola Valè, Marialuisa Gandolfi, Laura Vignoli, Anita Botticelli, Federico Posteraro, Giovanni Morone, Antonella Dell’Orco, Eleonora Dimitrova, Elisa Gervasoni, Michela Goffredo, Jacopo Zenzeri, Arianna Antonini, Carla Daniele, Paolo Benanti, Paolo Boldrini, Donatella Bonaiuti, Enrico Castelli, Francesco Draicchio, Vincenzo Falabella, Silvia Galeri, Francesca Gimigliano, Mauro Grigioni, Stefano Mazzon, Franco Molteni, Maurizio Petrarca, Alessandro Picelli, Michele Senatore, Giuseppe Turchetti, Eugenio Guglielmelli, Nicola Petrone, Loris Pignolo, Giulia Sgubin, Nicola Smania, Loredana Zollo, and Stefano Mazzoleni

Subjects
cerebral palsy, paediatric neurorehabilitation, robotics, rehabilitation paediatric, Technology, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040, Biology (General), QH301-705.5, Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

In the last two decades, a growing interest has been focused on gait and balance robot-assisted rehabilitation in children with neurological disabilities. Robotic devices allow the implementation of intensive, task-specific training fostering functional recovery and neuroplasticity phenomena. However, limited attention has been paid to the protocols used in this research framework. This systematic review aims to provide an overview of the existing literature on robotic systems for the rehabilitation of gait and balance in children with neurological disabilities and their rehabilitation applications. The literature search was carried out independently and synchronously by three authors on the following databases: MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, PeDro, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. The data collected included three subsections referring to clinical, technical, and regulatory aspects. Thirty-one articles out of 81 found on the primary literature search were included in the systematic review. Most studies involved children with cerebral palsy. Only one-third of the studies were randomized controlled trials. Overall, 17 devices (nine end-effector systems and eight exoskeletons) were investigated, among which only 4 (24%) were bore the CE mark. Studies differ on rehabilitation protocols duration, intensity, and outcome measures. Future research should improve both rehabilitation protocols’ and devices’ descriptions.

Published
2021
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2. Electromechanical and Robotic Devices for Gait and Balance Rehabilitation of Children with Neurological Disability: A Systematic Review

Author

Nicola, Valè, Marialuisa, Gandolfi, Laura, Vignoli, Anita, Botticelli, Federico, Posteraro, Giovanni, Morone, Antonella, Dell’Orco, Eleonora, Dimitrova, Elisa, Gervasoni, Michela, Goffredo, Jacopo, Zenzeri, Arianna, Antonini, Carla, Daniele, Paolo, Benanti, Paolo, Boldrini, Donatella, Bonaiuti, Enrico, Castelli, Francesco, Draicchio, Vincenzo, Falabella, Silvia, Galeri, Francesca, Gimigliano, Mauro, Grigioni, Stefano, Mazzon, Franco, Molteni, Maurizio, Petrarca, Alessandro, Picelli, Michele, Senatore, Giuseppe, Turchetti, Eugenio, Guglielmelli, Nicola, Petrone, Loris, Pignolo, Giulia, Sgubin, Nicola, Smania, Loredana, Zollo, Mazzoleni, Stefano, Italian Consensus Conference on Robotic in Neurorehabilitation CICERONE, Vale, N., Gandolfi, M., Vignoli, L., Botticelli, A., Posteraro, F., Morone, G., Dell'Orco, A., Dimitrova, E., Gervasoni, E., Goffredo, M., Zenzeri, J., Antonini, A., Daniele, C., Benanti, P., Boldrini, P., Bonaiuti, D., Castelli, E., Draicchio, F., Falabella, V., Galeri, S., Gimigliano, F., Grigioni, M., Mazzon, S., Molteni, F., Petrarca, M., Picelli, A., Senatore, M., Turchetti, G., Guglielmelli, E., Petrone, N., Pignolo, L., Sgubin, G., Smania, N., Zollo, L., and Mazzoleni, S.

Subjects
Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes, Technology, Cerebral palsy, Paediatric neurorehabilitation, Rehabilitation paediatric, Robotics, QH301-705.5, Process Chemistry and Technology, Physics, QC1-999, General Engineering, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), Computer Science Applications, Chemistry, General Materials Science, TA1-2040, Biology (General), Instrumentation, QD1-999
Abstract

In the last two decades, a growing interest has been focused on gait and balance robot-assisted rehabilitation in children with neurological disabilities. Robotic devices allow the implementation of intensive, task-specific training fostering functional recovery and neuroplasticity phenomena. However, limited attention has been paid to the protocols used in this research framework. This systematic review aims to provide an overview of the existing literature on robotic systems for the rehabilitation of gait and balance in children with neurological disabilities and their rehabilitation applications. The literature search was carried out independently and synchronously by three authors on the following databases: MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, PeDro, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. The data collected included three subsections referring to clinical, technical, and regulatory aspects. Thirty-one articles out of 81 found on the primary literature search were included in the systematic review. Most studies involved children with cerebral palsy. Only one-third of the studies were randomized controlled trials. Overall, 17 devices (nine end-effector systems and eight exoskeletons) were investigated, among which only 4 (24%) were bore the CE mark. Studies differ on rehabilitation protocols duration, intensity, and outcome measures. Future research should improve both rehabilitation protocols’ and devices’ descriptions.

Published
2021

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