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1,403 results on '"Lau, B."'

3. From mean-field localized magnetism to itinerant spin fluctuations in the 'Non-metallic metal' - FeCrAs

Author

Plumb, K. W., Stock, C., Rodriguez-Rivera, J. A., Castellan, J. -P., Taylor, J. W., Lau, B., Wu, W., Julian, S. R., and Kim, Young-June

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons
Abstract

FeCrAs displays an unusual electrical response that is neither metallic in character nor divergent at low temperatures, as expected for an insulating response, and therefore it has been termed a "nonmetal-metal". We carried out neutron scattering experiments on powder and single crystal samples to study the magnetic dynamics and critical fluctuations in FeCrAs. Magnetic neutron diffraction measurements find Cr3+ magnetic order setting in at 115 K with the mean-field critical exponent. Neutron spectroscopy, however, observes gapless stiff magnetic fluctuations emanating from magnetic positions with propagation wave vector q_0=(1/3,1/3), which persists up to at least 80 meV. The magnetism in FeCrAs therefore displays a response which resembles that of itinerant magnets at high energy transfers, such as chromium alloys. We suggest that the presence of stiff high-energy spin fluctuations is the origin of the unusual temperature dependence of the resistivity., Comment: 7 pages, 5 figures

Published
2018
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7. Wideband RCS reduction based on a simple chessboard metasurface.

Author

Zhou, C. F., Yu, Q. F., Gustafson, C., and Lau, B. K.

Subjects
RADAR cross sections, UNIT cell, TRACKING radar
Abstract

To avoid being detected by radar, it is necessary to reduce stealthy military platforms' radar cross section (RCS). The operation of overlaying the metasurface (MS) on the targets is a good solution. A simple chessboard MS structure that can achieve low RCS over a large bandwidth is proposed. Only one unit cell is used to construct the MS. First, the unit cell working in 0.5 and 1−λ modes is designed to achieve a stable phase difference of 180° for y- and x-polarized waves. Then, the unit cells and rotated ones are used to form a chessboard structure with different distributions. The compared results show that the chessboard MS with 2 × 2 quadrants can facilitate the widest 10 dB RCS reduction band of 111% and the largest RCS reduction. The proposed structure exhibits excellent RCS reduction even when irradiated by y- and x-polarized waves at an oblique incidence of 30°. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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8. Estimation of the Standardized Risk Difference and Ratio in a Competing Risks Framework: Application to Injection Drug Use and Progression to AIDS After Initiation of Antiretroviral Therapy

Author

Cole, SR, Lau, B, Eron, JJ, Brookhart, MA, Kitahata, MM, Martin, JN, Mathews, WC, Mugavero, MJ, and for the CNICS Research Network

Subjects
Epidemiology, Health Sciences, HIV/AIDS, Sexually Transmitted Infections, Drug Abuse (NIDA only), Clinical Research, Infectious Diseases, Substance Misuse, 6.1 Pharmaceuticals, Evaluation of treatments and therapeutic interventions, Good Health and Well Being, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, Adult, Black or African American, Anti-HIV Agents, Cohort Studies, Disease Progression, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Hispanic or Latino, Humans, Incidence, Male, Mathematical Computing, Middle Aged, Odds Ratio, Risk Assessment, Risk Factors, Substance Abuse, Intravenous, Survival Rate, United States, AIDS, cohort study, competing risks, HIV, survival function, CNICS Research Network, Mathematical Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences
Abstract

There are few published examples of absolute risk estimated from epidemiologic data subject to censoring and competing risks with adjustment for multiple confounders. We present an example estimating the effect of injection drug use on 6-year risk of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) after initiation of combination antiretroviral therapy between 1998 and 2012 in an 8-site US cohort study with death before AIDS as a competing risk. We estimate the risk standardized to the total study sample by combining inverse probability weights with the cumulative incidence function; estimates of precision are obtained by bootstrap. In 7,182 patients (83% male, 33% African American, median age of 38 years), we observed 6-year standardized AIDS risks of 16.75% among 1,143 injection drug users and 12.08% among 6,039 nonusers, yielding a standardized risk difference of 4.68 (95% confidence interval: 1.27, 8.08) and a standardized risk ratio of 1.39 (95% confidence interval: 1.12, 1.72). Results may be sensitive to the assumptions of exposure-version irrelevance, no measurement bias, and no unmeasured confounding. These limitations suggest that results be replicated with refined measurements of injection drug use. Nevertheless, estimating the standardized risk difference and ratio is straightforward, and injection drug use appears to increase the risk of AIDS.

Published
2015

9. Alcohol and drug use severity are independently associated with antiretroviral adherence in the current treatment era.

Author

Ma, J., Luu, B., Ruderman, S. A., Whitney, B. M., Merrill, J. O., Mixson, L. S., Nance, R. M., Drumright, L. N., Hahn, A. W., Fredericksen, R. J., Chander, G., Lau, B., McCaul, M. E., Safren, S., O'Cleirigh, C., Cropsey, K., Mayer, K. H., Mathews, W. C., Moore, R. D., and Napravnik, S.

Subjects
CLINICAL drug trials, HIV infection transmission, SUBSTANCE abuse, PATIENT compliance, SELF-evaluation, STATISTICAL models, ANTIRETROVIRAL agents, METHAMPHETAMINE, ACADEMIC medical centers, VIRAL load, RESEARCH funding, MULTIPLE regression analysis, QUESTIONNAIRES, VISUAL analog scale, CD4 lymphocyte count, SEVERITY of illness index, HIV infections, MULTIVARIATE analysis, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, RELATIVE medical risk, PSYCHOLOGY of HIV-positive persons, HEROIN, MEN who have sex with men, RESEARCH, CANNABIS (Genus), ALCOHOLISM, INDIVIDUALIZED medicine, HEALTH outcome assessment, COMPARATIVE studies, DISEASE susceptibility, INFECTIOUS disease transmission, CONFIDENCE intervals, DRUGS of abuse, CRACK cocaine, REGRESSION analysis, EVALUATION, DISEASE risk factors, ADULTS
Abstract

Substance use in people with HIV (PWH) negatively impacts antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence. However, less is known about this in the current treatment era and the impact of specific substances or severity of substance use. We examined the associations of alcohol, marijuana, and illicit drug use (methamphetamine/crystal, cocaine/crack, illicit opioids/heroin) and their severity of use with adherence using multivariable linear regression in adult PWH in care between 2016 and 2020 at 8 sites across the US. PWH completed assessments of alcohol use severity (AUDIT-C), drug use severity (modified ASSIST), and ART adherence (visual analogue scale). Among 9400 PWH, 16% reported current hazardous alcohol use, 31% current marijuana use, and 15% current use of ≥1 illicit drugs. In multivariable analysis, current methamphetamine/crystal use, particularly common among men who had sex with men, was associated with 10.1% lower mean ART adherence (p < 0.001) and 2.6% lower adherence per 5-point higher severity of use (ASSIST score) (p < 0.001). Current and more severe use of alcohol, marijuana, and other illicit drugs were also associated with lower adherence in a dose-dependent manner. In the current HIV treatment era, individualized substance use treatment, especially for methamphetamine/crystal, and ART adherence should be prioritized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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10. An Online AI-Powered Interactive Histological Image Annotation Platform for Analyzing Intestinal Regenerating Crypts in Post-Irradiated Mice

Author

Jiang, H., primary, Fu, J., additional, Melemenidis, S., additional, Viswanathan, V., additional, Dutt, S., additional, Lau, B., additional, Soto, L.A., additional, Manjappa, R., additional, Skinner, L., additional, Yu, S.J., additional, Surucu, M., additional, Graves, E.E., additional, Casey, K., additional, Rankin, E., additional, Lu, W., additional, Loo, B.W., additional, and Gu, X., additional

Published
2023
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12. Deep Learning-Based Pipeline for Automatic Identification of Intestinal Regenerating Crypts in Mouse Histological Images

Author

Fu, J., primary, Jiang, H., additional, Melemenidis, S., additional, Viswanathan, V., additional, Dutt, S., additional, Lau, B., additional, Soto, L.A., additional, Manjappa, R., additional, Skinner, L., additional, Yu, S.J., additional, Surucu, M., additional, Graves, E.E., additional, Casey, K., additional, Rankin, E., additional, Lu, W., additional, Loo, B.W., additional, and Gu, X., additional

Published
2023
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16. Predicting Local Control with Dosimetric Parameters in Patients Receiving Individualized Stereotactic Ablative Radiotherapy for Lung Tumors

Author

Wu, Y.F., primary, Lau, B., additional, Fu, J., additional, Cui, S., additional, Pham, D., additional, Dubrowski, P., additional, Eswarappa, S., additional, Zgrabik, J., additional, Candow, L., additional, Skinner, L., additional, Shirato, H., additional, Taguchi, H., additional, Gensheimer, M.F., additional, Gee, H.E., additional, Diehn, M., additional, Chin, A.L., additional, Loo, B.W., additional, and Vitzthum, L., additional

Published
2023
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17. Equivalent Dose Estimation in FLASH Irradiation with a Deep Learning Approach

Author

Yang, Z., primary, Fu, J., additional, Melemenidis, S., additional, Viswanathan, V., additional, Dutt, S., additional, Lau, B., additional, Soto, L.A., additional, Manjappa, R., additional, Skinner, L., additional, Yu, S.J., additional, Surucu, M., additional, Casey, K., additional, Rankin, E., additional, Lu, W., additional, Jr, B. W. Loo, additional, and Gu, X., additional

Published
2023
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20. Structure for an LHC 90mm Nb3Sn Quadrupole Magnet

Author

Hafalia, A.R., Caspi, S., Bartlett, S.E., Dietderich, D.R., Ferracin, P., Gourlay, S.A., Hannaford, C.R., Higley, H., Lietzke, A.F., Lau, B., Liggins, N., Mattafirri, S., McInturff, A.D., Nyman, M., Sabbi, G.L., Scanlan, R.M., and Swanson, J.

Subjects
Particle accelerators
Published
2005

29. Clinical LINAC-Based Electron FLASH: Pathway for Practical Translation to Trials of FLASH Radiotherapy

Author

No, H.J., primary, Wu, Y.F., additional, Dworkin, M.L., additional, Ashraf, R., additional, Manjappa, R., additional, Skinner, L., additional, Lau, B., additional, Melemenidis, S., additional, Viswanathan, V., additional, Yu, S.J., additional, Surucu, M., additional, Schueler, E., additional, Graves, E.E., additional, Maxim, P.G., additional, and Loo, B.W., additional

Published
2022
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30. Assessing Clinical Feasibility of a LINAC-Based Electron FLASH Radiotherapy System Using an Anthropomorphic Phantom under Realistic Clinical Conditions

Author

Wu, Y.F., primary, No, H.J., additional, Dworkin, M.L., additional, Manjappa, R., additional, Ashraf, R., additional, Skinner, L., additional, Lau, B., additional, Melemenidis, S., additional, Viswanathan, V., additional, Yu, S.J., additional, Surucu, M., additional, Schueler, E., additional, Graves, E.E., additional, Maxim, P.G., additional, and Loo, B.W., additional

Published
2022
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42. Effect of Scan Angle and Reconstruction Algorithm on Model Observer Performance in Tomosynthesis

Author

Reiser, I., Lau, B. A., Nishikawa, R. M., Hutchison, David, editor, Kanade, Takeo, editor, Kittler, Josef, editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., editor, Mattern, Friedemann, editor, Mitchell, John C., editor, Naor, Moni, editor, Nierstrasz, Oscar, editor, Pandu Rangan, C., editor, Steffen, Bernhard, editor, Sudan, Madhu, editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, editor, Tygar, Doug, editor, Vardi, Moshe Y., editor, Weikum, Gerhard, editor, and Krupinski, Elizabeth A., editor

Published
2008
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45. Gene Expression Scoring of Immune Activity Levels for Precision Use of Hydrocortisone in Vasodilatory Shock

Author

Yao, L, Rey, DA, Bulgarelli, L, Kast, R, Osborn, J, Van Ark, E, Fang, LT, Lau, B, Lam, H, Teixeira, LM, Serpa Neto, A, Bellomo, R, Deliberato, RO, Yao, L, Rey, DA, Bulgarelli, L, Kast, R, Osborn, J, Van Ark, E, Fang, LT, Lau, B, Lam, H, Teixeira, LM, Serpa Neto, A, Bellomo, R, and Deliberato, RO

Abstract

PURPOSE: Among patients with vasodilatory shock, gene expression scores may identify different immune states. We aimed to test whether such scores are robust in identifying patients' immune state and predicting response to hydrocortisone treatment in vasodilatory shock. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We selected genes to generate continuous scores to define previously established subclasses of sepsis. We used these scores to identify a patient's immune state. We evaluated the potential for these states to assess the differential effect of hydrocortisone in two randomized clinical trials of hydrocortisone versus placebo in vasodilatory shock. RESULTS: We initially identified genes associated with immune-adaptive, immune-innate, immune-coagulant functions. From these genes, 15 were most relevant to generate expression scores related to each of the functions. These scores were used to identify patients as immune-adaptive prevalent (IA-P) and immune-innate prevalent (IN-P). In IA-P patients, hydrocortisone therapy increased 28-day mortality in both trials (43.3% vs 14.7%, P = 0.028) and (57.1% vs 0.0%, P = 0.99). In IN-P patients, this effect was numerically reversed. CONCLUSIONS: Gene expression scores identified the immune state of vasodilatory shock patients, one of which (IA-P) identified those who may be harmed by hydrocortisone. Gene expression scores may help advance the field of personalized medicine.

Published
2022

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