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The knowledge of the proboscis morphology is of a particular significance, especially in the field of comparative veterinary anatomy and rhinology. The proboscis is a specialized nasal organ, which has several anatomical modifications that enable the animal to withstand the adverse climatic conditions. Remarkably, the anatomy of the camel nose is distinct in comparison with ruminant and other domestic animals. This has been attributed to the essential proboscideal criteria to which the camel nose possesses. However, little is known about the proboscis-like structure of the dromedarian nose. Therefore, the aim of the study was to elucidate the idea that camel nose is best interpreted as a sort of proboscis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background The poultry red mite (PRM), Dermanyssus gallinae (D.g.) is a serious ectoparasitic pest of poultry and potential pathogen vector. The prevalence of D. g. and the prevalence of Salmonella spp. within mites on infested laying poultry farms were investigated in Kosovo. Findings In total, 14 populated layer farms located in the Southern Kosovo were assessed for D. g. presence. Another two farms in this region were investigated 6 months after depopulation. Investigated flocks were all maintained in cages, a common housing system in Kosovo. A total of eight farms were found to be infested with D. g. (50%) at varying levels, including the two depopulated farms. The detection of Salmonella spp. from D. g. was carried out using PCR. Out of the eight layer farms infested with D. g., Salmonella spp. was present in mites on three farms (37.5%). Conclusions This study confirms the high prevalence of D. g. in layer flocks in Kosovo and demonstrates the link between this mite and the presence of Salmonella spp. on infested farms.

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The objective of this study was to verify an impact of different Cd ion concentrations on metabolic (biochemical) parameters in blood of egg chickens. Taking in to consideration that change of these values reflects the level of damage of the vital organs like liver, kidneys, hart etc. These vital organs determine the health status, growth and development of organisms. In the total of four groups of chickens have been included in the experiment. Three groups were treated with different concentrations of cadmium (2, 4 and 6 mg/kg) while one group was set as a control group without treatment. Eleven different biochemical parameters have been measured and analyzed such as: total proteins, albumins, globulins, aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, lactate dehydrogenase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, alkaline phosphatase, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine and glucose. The results indicate the significant changes on the level of biochemical parameters in blood, by increasing the cadmium concentration. The level of albumins, alanine transaminase, lactate dehydrogenase, gamma-glytamyl transferase, and creatinine has been decreased significantly compared to control group while other parameters were increased. The biochemical parameters between treatments were changed significantly. Total levels of proteins, globulins, aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, creatinine and glucose has been increase by increased the cadmium concentration. While in another hand, biochemical parameters such as lactate dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase has been decreased significantly when the Cadmium was increased. Changes on biochemical parameters are an indication showing that, cadmium effects are negatively oriented on metabolic processes of feed on egg-layer chickens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eight metabolic indices and four morphometric parameters of Salmo letnica Karaman, 1929, in natural conditions from Ohrid Lake have been analyzed. The aim of the study was to evaluate the differences between sexes. The study has been carried out during the period 2006-2008 (summer and winter) in Pogradec area, near Ohrid Lake (Lin, Pojskë, Piskupat, Zagorçan and Tushemisht) and 94 healthy individuals of fish, randomly collected were involved in the study. Higher values of hematocrit, hemoglobin, cholesterol, inorganic phosphorus and glucose were observed in male individuals. Higher values of total protein, calcium, alkaline phosphatase and morphometric parameters (total body weight, maximal length, length till the tail bifurcation, length till the end of scales and maximal body height) were observed in females. Statistically significant differences have been found for the mean values of the level of hematocrit, hemoglobin, the activity of alkaline phosphatase and the four morphometric parameters between sexes; whereas the other metabolic indices (total protein, inorganic phosphorus and glucose) showed no significant differences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]