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Lasius maltaeus Seifert, 2020 was recently described as a Maltese endemic ant based on quantitative morphology, after decades of uncertainties over the identity of the local population, which has a phenotype resembling L. emarginatus (Olivier, 1791). At the same time, Sicilian L. emarginatus populations were discovered to diverge in their mitochondrial DNA to a degree that suggested heterospecificity. Considering the biogeographic similarity of Malta and Sicily, with land bridges connecting them repeatedly until the last glacial maximum, we questioned the assumption that L. maltaeus was endemic to Malta. We integrated quantitative morphology and mtDNA in the study of the Maltese and southern Italian populations phenotypically close to L. emarginatus. We discovered that the range of L. maltaeus extends over most of Sicily, while the true L. emarginatus replace it in the north-eastern sector of the island, the nearby Aeolian Islands, and the Italian peninsula. The distributions of L. emarginatus and L. maltaeus in Sicily follow biogeographic patterns recalling the island’s complex paleogeographic history. Further investigations should verify the existence of truly Maltese endemic ants, since the status of other allegedly endemic species is not strongly supported.

One hundred and fourteen species belonging to 29 genera of Araceae are recorded from Sabah: Aglaonema Schott, Alocasia (Schott) G.Don, Amorphophallus Blume ex Decne., Amydrium Schott, Anadendrum Schott, Arisaema Mart., Bucephalandra Schott, Colobogynium Schott, Colocasia Schott, Cryptocoryne Fisch. ex Wydler, Cyrtosperma Griff., Epipremnum Schott, Gamogyne N.E.Br., Homalomena Schott, Lasia Lour., Lemna L., Nabalu S.Y.Wong & P.C.Boyce, Ooia S.Y.Wong & P.C.Boyce, Phymatarum M.Hotta, Pistia L., Pothos L., Rhaphidophora Hassk., Pursegloveia S.Y.Wong, S.L.Low & P.C.Boyce, Rhynchopyle Engl., Schismatoglottis Zoll. & Moritzi, Scindapsus Schott, Spirodela Schleid., Tawaia S.Y.Wong, S.L.Low & P.C.Boyce, Typhonium Schott, and Wolffia Horkel ex Schleid. Two genera, Cryptocoryne and Phymatarum, are newly recorded from Sabah. One species, Pothos leptostachyus Schott, is newly recorded from Sabah. One genus, Tawaia, and 50 species are endemic to Sabah. Taxonomic notes, an identification key to genera, and comments on habitat and ecology of the species are presented.

Lasia cuprea Rondani, 1863 ORIGINAL DESCRIPTION: 1863: 75. TYPE LOCALITY: “ Chiliae [Chile]”. TYPE MATERIAL: 1 ♀, syntype (MZUN: Box with no identification label): Lasia cuprea Rond., Chili [= Chile] / M. Zool. N° 11082. CURRENT STATUS: valid species, senior synonym of Panops nigripes Philippi, 1865 (new synonymy, this work). See Remarks. REMARKS: Rondani (1863: 75) described Lasia cuprea, without specifying either the number or the sex of the specimens, but giving a single measurement of length, from material received from R.A. Philippi under the name “ ocelligera ” and characterized by black legs (“ Pedes nigricantes ”). Philippi (1865: 648) described Panops nigripes from a single specimen collected in Chile, similar to Panops ocelliger Wiedemann, 1830, but with black femora. Edwards (1930: 195) and Stuardo (1946: 102) incorrectly considered Lasia cuprea Rondani, 1863 as a possible synonym of Lasia nigripes Philippi, 1865 (applying the Principle of Priority Lasia nigripes should be the junior synonym of Lasia cuprea). González et al. (2018: 433) considered Lasia cuprea and Lasia nigripes as valid species. No specimen under the name Panops nigripes is present in the MNHNS (M.E. Elgueta Donoso, pers. comm., 2018) where Philippi’s collection is preserved. We found one syntype of Lasia cuprea in the MZUN. In our opinion Rondani and Philippi described two different nominal species based on the same specimen, thus Panops nigripes Philippi, 1865 must be considered as a junior synonym of Lasia cuprea Rondani, 1863, new synonymy., Published as part of Sforzi, Alessandra & Sommaggio, Daniele, 2021, Catalog of the Diptera types described by Camillo Rondani, pp. 1-438 in Zootaxa 4989 (1) on page 28, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4989.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4980621, {"references":["Rondani, C. (1863) Diptera exotica revisa et annotata novis nonnullis descriptis. Eredi Soliani, Modena, 99 pp., 1 pl. [This is the separate that came out before the journal version with a different title, here as Rondani (1864 a)].","Philippi, R. A. (1865) Aufzahlung der chilenischen Diptera. Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich - Koniglichen Zoologisch - Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 15, 595 - 782.","Wiedemann, C. R. W. (1830) Aussereuropaische zweiflugelige Insekten. Zweiter Theil. Schulz, Hamm, xii + 684 pp. + 5 pls.","Edwards, F. W. (1930) Bombyliidae, Nemestrinidae and Cyrtidae. In: Diptera of Patagonia and south Chile based mainly on material in the British Museum (Natural History). Part V Fasc. 2. British Museum (Natural History), London, pp. 162 - 197.","Stuardo, C. (1946) Catalogo de los dipteros de Chile. Ministerio de Agricultura, Impresiones Universitaria, Santiago, 250 pp.","Gonzalez, C. R., Elgueta, M. & Ramirez, F. (2018) A catalog of Acroceridae (Diptera) from Chile. Zootaxa, 4374, 427 - 440. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4374.3.6"]}

Lasia aenea Rondani, 1863 ORIGINAL DESCRIPTION: 1863: 75. TYPE LOCALITY: “ Chiliae [Chile]” (Rondani 1863: 75); “ prov. Santiago … Fusse der Cerro S. Cristóval ” (Chile) (Philippi 1865: 647). TYPE MATERIAL: 1 specimen, syntype (sex not determinable, missing left wing), (MZUN: Box with no identification label): Lasia rufipes West., Chili [= Chile] / M. Zool. N° 11081. CURRENT STATUS: valid species as Lasia aenea (Philippi, 1865) (González et al. 2018: 432); valid species as Lasia aenea Rondani, 1863 and senior synonym of Lasia aenea (Philippi, 1865) (new synonymy, this work). See Remarks. REMARKS: Rondani (1863: 75) attributed Lasia aenea to Philippi and considered it as a junior synonym of Lasia rufipes Westwood, 1848. Philippi (1865: 647) described Panops aeneus on the same material. Röder (1882: 510) and Hunter (1901: 152) considered Lasia aenea (Philippi, 1865) as a junior synonym of Lasia rufipes Westwood. Dunning (1877: 261), Wulp (1882: 88), Reed (1888: 14), Brèthes (1908: 285), Kertész (1909a: 8) and Edwards (1930: 194) treated Lasia aenea (Philippi, 1865) as a valid species while no author considered Lasia aenea Rondani, 1863 as a valid species. O’Hara et al. (2011: 206) considered the name Lasia aenea as available and attributed it to Rondani. González et al. (2018: 432) considered Lasia aenea (Philippi, 1865) as a valid species and incorrectly Lasia aenea Rondani, 1863 as a nomen nudum. Since Lasia aenea Rondani, 1863 and Lasia aenea (Philippi, 1865) are the same nominal species, we consider Lasia aenea Rondani as an available name and Panops aeneus Philippi, 1865 as a junior synonym of Lasia aenea Rondani, 1863, new synonymy. We found one syntype of Lasia aenea (as Lasia rufipes) in the MZUN., Published as part of Sforzi, Alessandra & Sommaggio, Daniele, 2021, Catalog of the Diptera types described by Camillo Rondani, pp. 1-438 in Zootaxa 4989 (1) on page 28, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4989.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4980621, {"references":["Rondani, C. (1863) Diptera exotica revisa et annotata novis nonnullis descriptis. Eredi Soliani, Modena, 99 pp., 1 pl. [This is the separate that came out before the journal version with a different title, here as Rondani (1864 a)].","Philippi, R. A. (1865) Aufzahlung der chilenischen Diptera. Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich - Koniglichen Zoologisch - Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 15, 595 - 782.","Gonzalez, C. R., Elgueta, M. & Ramirez, F. (2018) A catalog of Acroceridae (Diptera) from Chile. Zootaxa, 4374, 427 - 440. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4374.3.6","Roder, V. von (1882) Zur Synonymie einiger chilenischer Dipteren. Entomologische Zeitung, 43, 510 - 511.","Hunter, W. D. (1901) Catalogue of the Diptera of South America. Part II, Homodactyla and Mydiadae. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 27, 121 - 155.","Dunning, J. W. (1877) A review of Westwood's 1876 paper. The Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, 13, 259 - 264.","Wulp, F. M. van der (1882) Amerikaansche Diptera. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 25, 77 - 136.","Reed, E. C. (1888) Catalogo de los insectos dipteros de Chile. Anales de la Universidad de Chile, 73, 271 - 316. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 8562","Brethes, J. (1908) Catalogo de los dipteros de las republicas del Plata. Anales del Museo Nacional de Buenos Aires, 9, 277 - 305.","Kertesz, K. (1909 a) Catalogus Dipterorum hucusque descriptorum. Volumen IV. Oncodidae, Nemestrinidae, Mydaidae, Apioceridae, Asilidae. Museum Nationale Hungaricum, Budapestini [= Budapest], 348 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 5145","Edwards, F. W. (1930) Bombyliidae, Nemestrinidae and Cyrtidae. In: Diptera of Patagonia and south Chile based mainly on material in the British Museum (Natural History). Part V Fasc. 2. British Museum (Natural History), London, pp. 162 - 197.","O'Hara, J. E., Cerretti, P., Pape, T. & Evenhuis, N. L. (2011) Nomenclatural studies toward a world list of Diptera genus-group names. Part II: Camillo Rondani. Zootaxa, 3141, 1 - 268. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3141.1.1"]}

Lasia metallica Rondani, 1863 ORIGINAL DESCRIPTION: 1863: 75. TYPE LOCALITY: “ Chiliae [Chile]”. TYPE MATERIAL: 1 ♀, syntype (missing antennae) (MZUN: Box with no identification label): Lasia metallica Rond., Chili [= Chile] / M. Zool. N° 11080. CURRENT STATUS: valid species (González et al. 2018: 433). REMARKS: Rondani (1863: 75) described Lasia metallica, without specifying the number, the sex or the length of the specimens, from material received from P.J.M. Macquart who named it as “ ocelligera ”. We found one syntype in this study., Published as part of Sforzi, Alessandra & Sommaggio, Daniele, 2021, Catalog of the Diptera types described by Camillo Rondani, pp. 1-438 in Zootaxa 4989 (1) on page 29, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4989.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4980621, {"references":["Rondani, C. (1863) Diptera exotica revisa et annotata novis nonnullis descriptis. Eredi Soliani, Modena, 99 pp., 1 pl. [This is the separate that came out before the journal version with a different title, here as Rondani (1864 a)].","Gonzalez, C. R., Elgueta, M. & Ramirez, F. (2018) A catalog of Acroceridae (Diptera) from Chile. Zootaxa, 4374, 427 - 440. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4374.3.6"]}

Bali has changed. The world is no longer partially controlled by men but there are forms of marriage where both the bride and groom act as purusha (the power of patriarchy) or have the same rights and obligations between them. This qualitative study found that the number of bride and groom couples in Bali who choose the form of marriage "pada gelahang" (having the same rights and obligations), from year to year tends to increase. The background or main reason for choosing the form of the marriage is to continue the regeneration. There are three principles or attitudes of life that need to be held and respected so that the marriage achieves prosperity and happiness forever (find a forever happiness), namely paksa, lasia, and satya.

A catalog of the Acroceridae from Chile is provided. All valid names and synonyms are presented, totaling 33 species and nine genera for the country. All references known to us from the taxonomic and biological literature, including information about name, author, year of publication, page number, type species, type locality and references are given. Type material of different authors was revised. The species Lasia cuprea is revalidated. The geographical distribution of the different species is recorded from the revised collections and bibliographic data. Holops cyaneus Philippi, 1865 is designated as type species of Holops Philippi, 1865.

Genus Lasia Wiedemann, 1824: 11. Type species: Lasia splendens Wiedemann, 1824; by monotypy. Refs.: Erichson, 1840: 142 (synonymy); Reed, 1888: 14 (cat.); Hunter, 1901: 152 (cat.); Coquillett, 1910: 557 (list of type species); Edwards, 1930: 188 (in key), 193 (comments), 194 (key to species); Bequaert, 1931: 1 (diagnostic characters, comments); Gillung & Carvalho, 2009: 32 (in key), 38 (diagnosis); Schlinger et al., 2013: 63 (in key). = Panops Lamarck, 1804: 263; Wiedemann, 1830: 18 (in part); Blanchard, 1852: 375 (misidentification); Philippi, 1865: 647 (misidentification). aenea (Philippi, 1865) Panops aeneus Philippi, 1865: 647. Syntypes, Cerro San Crist��bal (no type specimens deposited in MNNC). Dist.: Coquimbo (Choapa: Los Vilos), Valpara��so (Marga Marga: Colliguay, Quebrada de Alvarado, Villa Alemana; Petorca: Quebrada El Tigre; Quillota: Boco, Cuesta El Mel��n; San Antonio: San Antonio; Valpara��so: El Salto, Mantagua, Pe��uela, Quintero, Valpara��so, Vi��a del Mar); Metropolitana (Santiago: Cerro San Crist��bal���on flowers of Sylibum marianum, Corral Quemado, Las Condes, Macul, Pe��alol��n, Pudahuel, Santiago; Cordillera: El Canelo, El Manzano, Lagunillas; Talagante: Talagante); O���Higgins (Cardenal Caro: Quebrada El Roble; Colchagua: Chomedahue, La Rufina); Maule (Curic��: Las Jaulas; Talca: Altos de Vilches); Biob��o (Concepci��n: Tom��; ��uble: Ciudad de Chill��n, Cobquecura), La Araucan��a (Malleco: Parque Nacional Nahuelbuta); Los Lagos (Osorno: Pilmaiqu��n). Argentina (without precise locality (Br��thes, 1908)). Refs.: Rondani, 1863: 75 (as L. rufipes Westwood, 1848); Rondani, 1864: 75 (as L. rufipes Westwood, 1848); Schiner, 1868: 143 (as L. rufipes); Reed, 1888: 14 (cat., as Lasia); Hunter 1901: 152 (cat., as synonym (in error) of L. rufipes Westwood, 1848); Br��thes, 1908: 285 (as Panops, Argentina); Kert��sz, 1909: 8 (as Panops); Edwards, 1930: 194 (in key), 195���196 (synonymy, comments); Stuardo, 1946: 102 (cat., synonymy). = Lasia cyaniventris Jaennicke, 1867: 351. Syntypes (SMF); Kert��sz, 1909: 9 (cat. as valid species of Panops); Edwards, 1930: 195 (as synonym of L. aenea). = Lasia aenea Westwood, 1876: 509. Syntypes: Chile (UMO). Hunter 1901: 152 (cat., as synonym (in error) of L. rufipes Westwood, 1848); Edwards, 1930: 195 (as synonym of L. aenea Philippi). = Lasia aeneiventris Westwood, 1876: 509. Syntypes: Chile (UMO) Hunter, 1901: 152 (cat., as valid species); Kert��sz, 1909: 9 (cat. as synonym of P. cyaniventris Jaennicke); Edwards, 1930: 195 (as synonym with doubt of L. aenea Philippi); Stuardo, 1946: 102 (as synonym of L. aenea Philippi). Comments: Rondani (1863, 1864) cited the name Lasia aenea attributed to Philippi in a handwritten label, from Chile, as synonym of L. rufipes Westwood, 1848 from Brazil and is highly improbable the presence of this species in Chile. This erroneous indication was followed by Costa (1866: 38), Schiner (1868: 143) and Hunter (1901: 152). On the other hand, Lasia aenea Rondani, 1863 is a nomen nudum. corvina Erichson, 1840: 143. Holotype: Chile (ZMHB). Dist.: Valpara��so (Marga-Marga: Colliguay, Olmu��, Quebrada Alvarado; Villa Alemana; Quillota: Quillota; Valpara��so: El Granizo, El Salto; Quillota); Metropolitana (Chacabuco: Caleu; Cordillera: La Obra, El Canelo, Cta. del Cepillo, San Gabriel; Melipilla: Cuesta Zapata; Santiago: Lo Aguirre on flowers of Eccremocarpus scaber Ruiz et Pavon, Renca, Rungue); O��Higgins (Cardenal Caro: Pichilemu; Cachapoal: Termas de Cauquenes, Rio Las Le��as, on flowers of Alstroemeria ligtu ssp simsii (Sprengel) Bayer; Colchagua: La Rufina, San Fernando, Termas del Flaco); Maule (Curic��: Las Juntas; Talca: Altos de Vilches, R��o Claro at Hacienda Las Mercedes; Linares: Villalobos); Biob��o (Concepci��n: Concepci��n; ��uble: Cordillera de Chill��n, Las Trancas, Los Lleuques, Puente Marchant, Piedras Comadres). Argentina (without precise locality (Br��thes, 1908)). Refs.: Walker, 1854: 334 (list of species, as Lasia); Schiner, 1868: 143 (as Lasia); Westwood, 1876: 508 (as Lasia); Hunter, 1901: 152 (cat. as Lasia); Kert��sz, 1909: 9 (cat. as Panops); Edwards, 1930: 194 (in key, synonymy, colour variability); Stuardo, 1946: 102 (cat., synonymy); Stuardo, 1980: 97 (collect and biological data); Borkent et al., 2016: 106 (phylogeny), 108 (collection data). = Panops carbonarius Philippi, 1865: 648. Syntypes (MNNC): Colchagua. Schiner, 1868: 143 (Lasia); Reed, 1888: 288 (cat., as Lasia); Hunter, 1901: 151 (as Panops); Br��thes, 1908: 285 (as Panops, Argentina); Gazulla & Ruiz, 1928: 293 (dist., as Lasia); Edwards, 1930: 194 (as synonymy of L. corvina); Winterton et al., 2007: 811 (as Lasia carbonanicus, misspelling; dist., DNA), 821 (phylogeny), 823 (phylogeny), 828 (as Lasia carbonanicus, misspelling; host Theraphosidae and/or Dipluridae); Borkent et al., 2016: 106 (as synonymy of L. corvina). = Lasia superba Schiner, 1868: 143. Holotype: Chile (NMW). Reed, 1888: 288 (cat., as valid species); Hunter, 1901: 153 (cat., as valid species of Lasia); Kert��sz, 1909: 11 (cat., as valid species of Panops); Edwards, 1930: 194 (as synonym of L. corvina). cuprea Rondani, 1863: 75 ���76. Syntypes: Chile (MZUN). Dist.: Chile. Refs.: Rondani, 1864: 75���76 (description, as Lasia); Costa, 1866: 38 (list of species of the Rondani Collection); Hunter, 1901: 152 (cat., as valid species); Kert��sz, 1909: 9 (cat. as Panops); Edwards, 1930: 195 (as possible synonym of L. nigripes); Stuardo, 1946: 102 (cat., as possible synonym of L. nigripes). Comments: Lasia cuprea Rondani has been cited as possible���not definitive���synonym of L. nigripes (Philippi) by some authors (Edwards, 1930; Stuardo, 1946). Rondani (1863, 1864), in his description, stated that Philippi identified or named it as L. ocelligera. On the other hand, Philippi (1865) distinguished Lasia ocelliger (as Panops, a misidentification as this name is proper of a Brazilian species) from his Lasia nigritarsis (as Panops). This leads to consider both as valid species, until a posterior study clarify its taxonomic status. metallica Rondani, 1863: 75. Syntypes: Chile (MZUN). Dist.: Coquimbo (without precise locality); Valpara��so (Los Andes: Guardia Vieja; Marga Marga: Base cuesta Colliguay, Olmu�����on flowers of Chateantera moenchoides Less.; Quillota: Cuesta El Mel��n; Petorca: Catapilco; San Antonio: El Canelillo; Valpara��so: Casablanca, Mantagua, Pe��uelas); Metropolitana (Chacabuco: Caleu; Cordillera (El Canelo���on flowers of Alstroemeria haemantha Ruiz et Pavon, A. revoluta Ruiz et Pavon and Quinchamalium majus Brogn., Lagunillas, La Obra, El Manzano; Santiago: Cerro San Crist��bal���on flowers of Carduus pycnocephalus L., Cerro Manquehue���on flowers of Carduus pycnocephalus L.; Melipilla: Cuesta Zapata); Maule (Talca: R��o Claro at Hacienda Las Mercedes, Altos de Vilches); Biob��o (Biob��o: Mulch��n; ��uble: Chill��n, Puente Marchant); La Araucan��a (Caut��n: Licanray; Malleco: Parque Nacional Nahuelbuta, Pemehue); Los R��os (Valdivia: Llancahue, Santo Domingo, Valdivia). Refs.: Rondani, 1864: 75 (description as Lasia); Costa, 1866: 38 (list of species of the Rondani Collection). Hunter, 1901: 152 (cat. as Lasia); Kert��sz, 1909: 9 (cat. as Panops); Edwards, 1930: 194 (in key), 195 synonymy, comments); Stuardo, 1946: 102 (cat., synonymy); Stuardo, 1980: 97 (as Lasia metalica, misspelling). = Panops ocelliger Blanchard, 1852: 376 (not Wiedemann, 1830; misidentification); Philippi, 1865: 647 (not Wiedemann, 1830; misidentification); Reed, 1888: 14 (cat., as Lasia); Hunter, 1901: 152 (cat.); Gazulla & Ruiz, 1928: 293 (dist., as Lasia); Edwards, 1930: 195 (as possible synonym of L. metallica). nigripes (Philippi, 1865) Panops nigripes Philippi, 1865: 648. Holotype: Valdivia, San Juan (no type specimen deposited in MNNC). Dist.: Los R��os (Valdivia: San Juan). Refs.: Schiner, 1868: 143 (as Lasia); Reed, 1888: 14 (cat., as Lasia); Hunter, 1901: 152 (cat., as Panops); Kert��sz, 1909: 9 (cat., as Panops); Edwards, 1930: 194 (in key), 195 (synonymy, comments); Stuardo, 1946: 102 (cat.). = Lasia nigripes Westwood, 1876: 509. Syntypes: Chile (UMO). Hunter, 1901: 152 (cat. as Lasia); Kert��sz, 1909: 9 (as synonym of Panops nigripes Philippi); Edwards, 1930: 195 (as synonym of L. nigripes Philippi). nigritarsis (Blanchard, 1852) Panops nigritarsis Blanchard, 1852: 375 ���376. Syntypes: Coquimbo (MNHN). Dist.: Coquimbo (without precise locality); Valpara��so (Marga Marga: Los Lagos en Quilpu����� Fuchsia sp.); Metropolitana (Cordillera: El Canelo��� Mutisia sp., El Manzano, La Obra; Santiago: El Array��n, Santiago); Maule (Linares: Laguna Amargo; Talca: Altos de Vilches); Biob��o (Arauco: Isla Mocha, Lanalhue; Biob��o: Mulch��n); La Araucan��a (Malleco: Monumento Nacional Contulmo; Caut��n: Licanray); Los R��os (Ranco: La Uni��n; Valdivia: Huellelhue, Llancacura, Los Lagos, without precise locality���on flowers of Alstroemeria aurantiaca, Valdivia); Los Lagos (Osorno: Osorno���on flowers of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.; Chilo��: Ancud). Refs.: Blanchard, 1854: D��pteros Lam. 3, fig. 4; Philippi, 1865: 647 (biol., dist.); Costa, 1866: 38 (list of species of the Rondani Collection, as Lasia); Westwood, 1876: 509 (as Lasia); Reed, 1888: 14 (cat., as Lasia nigritarsus sic); Hunter, 1901: 152 (cat., as Panops); Kert��sz, 1909: 9 (cat. as Panops); Br��thes, 1925: 207 (dist.); Edwards, 1930: 194 (as Lasia, in key, synonymy); Stuardo, 1946: 102 (cat., synonymy); Stuardo, 1980: 97 (collection data). = Lasia coerulea Rondani, 1863: 74; Rondani, 1864: 74 (description). Syntypes (SMF). Hunter, 1901: 152 (cat., as valid species); Kert��sz, 1909: 10 (cat., as Panops); Edwards, 1930: 194 (cited erroneously as described by Rondani in Panops; as synonym of L. nigritarsis). pulla (Philippi, 1865) Panops pullus Philippi, 1865: 648. Holotype: Valdivia, Corral (no type specimen deposited in MNNC). Dist.: Los R��os (Valdivia: Corral). Refs.: Schiner, 1868: 143 (as Lasia); Reed, 1888: 288 (cat., as Lasia); Hunter, 1901: 152 (cat., as Panops); Kert��sz, 1909: 10 (cat., as Panops); Edwards, 1930: 194 (in key), 195 (as Lasia, synonymy); Stuardo, 1946: 102 (cat., synonymy). = Lasia bicolor Westwood, 1876: 509. Syntypes: Chile (UMO). Hunter, 1901: 152 (cat., as valid species); Kert��sz, 1909: 9 (cat. as valid species); Edwards, 1930: 195 (as synonym of L. pulla). rufa (Philippi, 1865) Panops rufus Philippi, 1865: 648. Syntypes: Colchagua (no type specimens deposited in MNNC). Dist.: Metropolitana (Cordillera: El Canelo; Santiago: La Pir��mide); O���Higgins (Colchagua: without precise locality); Biob��o (��uble: Termas de Chill��n���on flowers of Alstroemeria sp.). Refs.: Walker, 1854: 335 (list of species as Lasia); Rondani, 1863: 75 (as Lasia); Schiner, 1868: 143 (as synonym in error of Lasia rufipes Westwood); Reed, 1888: 288 (cat., as synonym in error of Lasia rufipes Westwood); Hunter, 1901: 152 (cat., as synonym in error of Lasia rufipes Westwood); Kert��sz, 1909: 10 (cat., as synonym in error of Panops rufipes Westwood); Edwards, 1930: 194 (in key), 196 (as valid species of Lasia); Jaffuel, 1933: 151 (biol., dist.); Stuardo, 1946: 102 (cat.). rufovestita (Blanchard, 1852) Panops rufovestitus Blanchard, 1852: 376. Syntypes: Chile (MNHN). Dist.: Coquimbo (without precise locality); Los R��os (Valdivia: Cudico���on flower of Lapageria rosea, Valdivia). Refs.: Blanchard, 1854: D��pteros Lam. 3, fig. 5; Philippi, 1865: 647 (biol., dist.); Westwood, 1876: 509 (as Lasia); Reed, 1888: 288 (cat.); Hunter, 1901: 152 (cat., as Panops); Kert��sz, 1909: 10 (cat., as Panops); Gil Collado, 1928: 61 (probably Lasioides); Edwards, 1930: 194���195 (as Lasia, in key, comments); Bequaert, 1931: 3, 4 (probably Lasioides); Stuardo, 1946: 102���103 (cat., as Lasia)., Published as part of Gonz��lez, Christian R., Elgueta, Mario & Ramirez, Francisco, 2018, A catalog of Acroceridae (Diptera) from Chile, pp. 427-440 in Zootaxa 4374 (3) on pages 432-434, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4374.3.6, http://zenodo.org/record/1155465, {"references":["Wiedemann, C. R. W. (1824) Munus rectoris in Academia Christiana Albertina aditurus analecta entomologica ex Museo Regio Havniens: maxime congesta profert iconibusque illustrat. Kiliae e regio typographeo scholarum, Kiel, 60 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 77322","Erichson, W. F. (1840) Die Henopier. Eine familie aus der Ordung der Dipteren pp. 135 - 180. in Entomographien 1 180 pp, 2 pl.","Reed, E. C. (1888) Catalogo de los insectos dipteros de Chile. Anales de la Universidad de Chile, 73, 271 - 316.","Hunter, W. D. (1901) Catalogue of the Diptera of South America. Part II, Homodactyla and Mydiadae. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 27, 121 - 155.","Coquillett, D. W. (1910) The type-species of the North American Genera of Diptera. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 37, 499 - 647. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.37 - 1719.499","Edwards, F. W. (1930). Bombyliidae, Nemestrinidae and Cyrtidae. Diptera of Patagonia and South Chile, Part V (Fascicle 2), 162 - 197.","Bequaert, J. (1931) The genus Lasia in North America, with descriptions of two new species. American Museum Novitates, 455, 1 - 11.","Gillung, J. P. & Carvalho, C. J. B. de (2009) Acroceridae (Diptera): a pictorial key and diagnosis of the Brazilian genera. Zootaxa, 2175, 29 - 41.","Schlinger, E. I., Gillung, J. P. & Borkent, C. J. (2013) New spider flies from the Neotropical Region (Diptera, Acroceridae) with a key to New World genera. ZooKeys, 270, 59 - 93. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 270.4476","Lamarck, J. B. (1804) Sur deux nouveaux genres d'insectes de la nouvelle-hollande. In: Annales du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Tome Troisieme, pp. 260 - 265","Wiedemann, C. R. W. (1830) Aussereuropaische zweiflugelige Insekten. Vol. 2. Schulz, Hamm, xii + 684 pp., 5 pls.","Blanchard, E. (1852) Diptera. In: Gay, C. Historia Fisica y Politica de Chile. Zoologia. Tomo Setimo. Imprenta de Maulde & Renou, Paris, pp. 327 - 468.","Philippi, R. A. (1865) Aufzahlung der chilenischen Dipteren. Verhandlungen der k. - k. Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 15, 595 - 782, pls. xxiii-xxix.","Brethes, J. (1908) Catalogo de los dipteros de las republicas del Plata. Anales del Museo Nacional de Buenos Aires, 9, 277 - 305.","Rondani, C. (1863) Diptera exotica revisa et annotata novis nonnullis descriptis. Eredi Soliani, Modena, 99 pp., 1 pl.","Westwood, J. O. (1848) Descriptions of some new exotic species of Acroceridae (Vesiculosa, Latr.), a family of dipterous insects. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, Serie 5, 91 - 98.","Rondani, C. (1864) Dipterorum species et genera aliqua exotica novis nonnullis descriptis. Archivio per la Zoologia, l' Anatomia e la Fisiologia Modena, 3 (1), 1 - 99.","Schiner, R. J. (1868) Acroceridae. In: Reise der osterreichischen Fregatte Novara u a m die Erde in den Jahren 1857, 1858, 1859 unter den Befehlen des Commodore B. Von Wullerstorf-Urbair. Zoologischer Theil. Zweiter Band. 1. Abtheilung B. Karl Gerold's Sohn, Wien, pp. 140 - 145","Kertesz, C. (1909) Catalogus dipterorum Hucusque Descriptorum. Vol. IV. Lipsiae, Budapestini, 348 pp.","Stuardo, C. (1946) Catalogo de los dipteros de Chile. Ministerio de Agricultura, Impresiones Universitaria, Santiago, 250 pp.","Jaennicke, F. (1867) Neue exotische Dipteren. Abhandlungen herausgegeben von der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft, 6, 3 - 100, pls. 1 - 2.","Westwood, J. O. (1876) Notae Dipterologicae. N ° 3. - Descriptions of new genera and species of the family Acroceridae. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 3, 507 - 518, pls. 5 - 6.","Costa, A. (1866) [Articolo 1 °. Acquisiti fatti durante l'anno 1863]. Annuario del Museo Zoologico della R. Universita di Napoli, 3, 13 - 41.","Walker, F. (1854) List of specimens of Dipterous insects in the Collection of the British Museum. Part VI. Supplement II. Printed by order of the Trustees, London, 518 pp.","Stuardo, C. (1980) Notas biologicas sobre Acroceridae de Chile (Diptera). Revista Chilena de Entomologia, 10, 97.","Borkent, C. J., Gillung, J. P. & Winterton, S. L. (2016) Jewelled spider flies of North America: a revision and phylogeny of Eulonchus Gerstaecker (Diptera, Acroceridae). ZooKeys, 619, 103 - 146. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 619.8249","Gazulla, P. & Ruiz, F. (1928) Los insectos de la Hacienda de \" Las Mercedes \". Revista Chilena de Historia Natural, 32, 288 - 305.","Winterton, S. L., Wiegmann, B. M. & Schlinger, E. I. (2007) Phylogeny and bayesian divergence time estimations of small-headed flies (Diptera: Acroceridae) using multiple molecular markers. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 43, 808 - 832. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2006.08.015","Blanchard, E. (1854) Diptera. Lams. In: Gay, C. Atlas de la Historia Fisica y Politica de Chile. Tomo Segundo. Imprenta de E. Thunot, Paris, pp. 1 - 5.","Brethes, J. (1925) Coleopteres et dipteres Chiliens. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural, 29, 198 - 208.","Jaffuel, F. (1933) Notas sobre mis colectas entomologicas en las Termas de Chillan. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural, 37, 148 - 152.","Gil Collado, J. (1928) Cirtidos nuevos del Museo de Madrid. EOS, 4 (1), 57 - 64."]}

Ten Pouzarella species are described from New South Wales and northern Queensland, Australia, of which eight (P. albostrigosa, P. farinosa, P. fusca, P. lageniformis, P. pamiae, P. parvula, P. pilocystidiata and P. setiformis) are new to science and two (P. debilis and P. lasia) are reported for the first time for Australia. Phylogenetic analyses of the mitochondrial small subunit rRNA (mtSSU), two variable domains (D1, D2) of the 25-28S large subunit rDNA (LSU), and a portion of the second largest subunit of the RNA polymerase (RPB2) gene support separation of these species into three clades. Morphological characters common to these clades are described, and a key to species based on the characters that are distinct between clades is included.

Lasia spinosa (L.) Thw. is considered as a high potential indigenous vegetable in Sri Lanka due to its rich medicinal and nutritional properties though the crop has not gained wider consumer attraction. While it depicts a wide range of morphological variation, proper studies and documentations are not available. Therefore, this study aimed at assessing the diversity of L. spinosa in 18 agro-ecological regions in Sri Lanka. A descriptor was developed and the morphological characters were observed, measured and documented in the field accordingly. Data were analyzed using hierarchical cluster analysis. Sixty-eight accessions collected were grouped into four main clusters mainly based on leaf characters (sagittate type, lamina-dissected type, mixed form and black lasia) and to several sub clusters. We were able to collect a spineless L. spinosa type, grouped under sagittate type, from Sri Lanka. The spineless type can be considered as superior germplasm, which could be a valuable resource in future breeding programs.

There is no catalog or identification keys for Brazilian genera and species of Acroceridae. This paper provides, for the first time, a key and diagnosis of the Brazilian genera of the Acroceridae, based on morphological characters and illustrated with photographs. The key and diagnoses are based on morphology rather than on color as has been used in previous studies. The key includes nine genera: Acrocera Meigen, Exetasis Walker, Lasia Wiedemann, Ocnaea Erichson, Ogcodes Latreille, Philopota Wiedemann, Pialea Erichson, Pterodontia Gray and Terphis Erichson.

In a previous publication [M.E. Huerta Garrido, M.D. Pritzker, J. Electroanal. Chem. 594 (2006) 118], we developed a comprehensive model for the analysis of copper electrodeposition from acidic sulphate solutions by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). This model was then fit to EIS and steady state current–potential measurements and a statistical analysis of the results carried out. In a subsequent publication [A. Lasia, J. Electroanal. Chem. 605 (2007) 77], Lasia presented some criticisms of our analysis of the system and the experimental data and suggested some corrections that could be made. The objective of the current communication is to respond to Lasia’s comments on our model and parameter-fitting procedure in this previous paper [M.E. Huerta Garrido et al., 2006].

19. Lasia Wiedemann, 1824: 11. ORIGINALLY INCLUDED SPECIES: Lasia splendens Wiedemann, 1824. TYPE SPECIES: Lasia splendens Wiedemann, 1824, by monotypy. CURRENT STATUS: Valid genus [teste Poole (1996: 36)]. FAMILY: ACROCERIDAE. [Lispa] Wiedemann, 1817e: 203. CURRENT STATUS: Incorrect subsequent spelling of Lispe Latreille, 1797 or subsequent usage of Lispa Walckaenar, 1802. FAMILY: MUSCIDAE. REMARKS: Criteria to make this name available as an emendation were not found to be fulfilled in this work. The earliest emendation of Lispe Latreille, 1797 using the spelling Lispa is by Walckenaer (1802: xix, 392)., Published as part of EVENHUIS, NEAL L. & PONT, ADRIAN C., 2013, Nomenclatural studies toward a world catalog of Diptera genus-group names. III. Christian Rudolph Wilhelm Wiedemann, pp. 1-75 in Zootaxa 3638 (1) on page 30, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3638.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5262619, {"references":["Wiedemann, C. R. W. (1824) Munus rectoris in Academia Christiana Albertina aditurus analecta entomologica ex Museo Regio Havniensi maxime congesta profert iconibusque illustrat. Regio typographeo scholarum, Kiliae [= Kiel]. 60 pp., 1 pl. [June] [Date recorded in Allgemeine Literatur-Zeitung.]","Poole, R. W. (1996) Diptera, pp. 15 - 604. In: Poole, R. W. & Gentili, P. (eds.), Nomina Insecta Nearctica. A checklist of the insects of North America. Volume 3: Diptera, Lepidoptera, Siphonaptera. Entomological Information Services, Rockville, Maryland. 1143 pp. [22 November] [Date recorded in BioAbstracts / RRM.]","Wiedemann, C. R. W. (1817 e) Nachrichten verschiedenen Inhalts. Zoologisches Magazin, 1 (1), 199 - 206. [before 25 January] [Dated from Germar (1818).]","Walckenaer, C. A. (1802) Faune parisienne, insectes. Ou histoire abregee des insectes des environs de Paris, classes d'apres le systeme de Fabricius: precedee d' un discours sur les insectes en general, pour servir d'introduction a l'etude de l'entomologie; accompagnee de sept planches gravees. Tome second. Dentu, Paris. xxii + 438 + [2] pp. [30 September] [Dated from Evenhuis (1997: 796).]"]}

Two new genera and five new species of spider flies (Diptera: Acroceridae) are described from the Neotropical Region. A new genus of Philopotinae (Neophilopota brevirostris Schlinger gen. et sp. n.) is described from Mexico, while an unusual new species of Sphaerops Philippi, 1865 (Acrocerinae: S. micella Schlinger sp. n.) is described from Chile. A new Panopinae genus near Lasia Wiedemann, 1824 (Coquena stangei Schlinger gen. et sp. n.), is described from Argentina and two new species of Pialea Erichson, 1840 (P. brunea Schlinger sp. n. and P. corbiculata Schlinger sp. n.) are described from Venezuela. Each genus is diagnosed and figured, and a key to species provided. The Neotropical fauna presently includes 19 genera, containing approximately 100 species. A key to New World genera is also included.

Lasia paraguensis Besch. in Mém. Soc. Sci. Nat. Cherbourg 21: 266. 1877. = Forsstroemia coronata (Mont.) Paris, fide STARK (1987: 177). Type citation. – “Yaguaron, dans les forêts, sur les troncs d’arbres, Balansa 1252 ”. Type specimen. – Lectotype: Forêts de Yaguarone, juin 1877, Balansa 1252 (Herb. DC. [1878], G00042093). Type designation. – STARK (1987: 177): lectotype (G). Specimens. – Cerro Léon, près de Pirayu, sur l’écorce des arbres, 23 juillet 1881, Balansa 3667 (Herb. Boiss., G00042097; Herb. DC. [1884], G00042098). Bords du Mbai, sur les branches des arbres, juillet 1881, Balansa 3668 (G [1885], G00042368; Herb. Boiss., G00042369; Herb. DC. [1884], G00042370). Cordillère de Péribebui, sur les écorces des arbres, 1879, Balansa 3669 (G [1885], G00042096; Herb. Boiss., G00042094; Herb. DC. [1884], G00042095) [published in BESCHERELLE, 1885:18]., Published as part of Price, Michelle J., 2012, Catalogue of the Benjamin Balansa moss collections from Paraguay in Herbarium Genavense (G), pp. 153-179 in Candollea 67 (1) on page 163, DOI: 10.15553/c2012v671a17, http://zenodo.org/record/5719346, {"references":["BESCHERELLE, E. (1877). Notes sur les Mousses du Paraguay recoltees par M. Balansa de 1874 a 1877. Mem. Soc. Sci. Nat. Cherbourg 21: 257 - 272.","STARK, L. R. (1987). A taxonomic monograph of Forsstroemia Lindb. (Bryopsida: Leptodontaceae). J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 63: 133 - 218.","BESCHERELLE, E. (1885). Liste des mousses du Paraguay distribuees en 1884 par M. Balansa. Rev. Bryol. 2: 17 - 19."]}

Lasia occulta Besch. in J. Bot. (Morot) 5: 342. 1891. = Forsstroemia trichomitria (Hedw.) Lindb., fide STARK (1987: 191). Type citation. – “Guarapi, sur les troncs d’arbres, Balansa 3663 ”. Type specimens. – Isolectotypes: Guarapi, sur le tronc des arbres, 10 août 1881, Balansa 3663 (G [1884], G00042101; Herb. Boiss., G00042100; Herb. DC. [1884], G00042099). Type designation. – STARK (1987: 191): lectotype (PC)., Published as part of Price, Michelle J., 2012, Catalogue of the Benjamin Balansa moss collections from Paraguay in Herbarium Genavense (G), pp. 153-179 in Candollea 67 (1) on page 163, DOI: 10.15553/c2012v671a17, http://zenodo.org/record/5719346, {"references":["BESCHERELLE, E. (1891 a). Selectio Novorum Muscorum. J. Bot. (Morot) 5: 142 - 148.","STARK, L. R. (1987). A taxonomic monograph of Forsstroemia Lindb. (Bryopsida: Leptodontaceae). J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 63: 133 - 218."]}

Lasia Wiedemann, 1824 (Figs. 11, 13,15) Lasia Wiedemann, 1824: 11. Type-species: Lasia splendens Wiedemann, 1824. Diagnosis. Eyes holoptic above the antennae and widely separated below. Scape and pedicel short, the latter cylindrical; flagellum longer than the scape and pedicel combined, more or less laterally compressed (Fig. 13). Proboscis very long, often extending past the end of abdomen, arising from the middle of the head, just below the antenna (Fig. 13). Veins R 2 + 3, R 4 and R 5 parallel in Neotropical species (Fig. 15). Comments. The genus was poorly described originally by Wiedemann (1824). Wiedemann (1830) described Panops flavitarsis and Panops ocelliger, which are today included in Lasia. Yet, Panops is Australian while Lasia is restricted to the New World. Lasia is easily distinguished from Panops by the insertion of the antenna and the pilosity of the eyes. In Panops the antennae are inserted close to the vertex, while in Lasia the antennae are placed in the middle of the head (Fig. 11). In Panops the eyes are bare, while in Lasia the eyes are conspicuously pilose (Fig. 11). References. Cole (1919), Bequaert (1931). Brazilian species. L. auricoma (Westwood, 1848) [Brazil], L. ocelliger (Wiedemann, 1830) [Brazil, S��o Paulo, Ca��apava (type-locality)], L. rufipes (Westwood, 1848) [Brazil], L. splendens (Wiedemann, 1824) [Brazil]., Published as part of Gillung, J��ssica Paula & Carvalho, Claudio Jos�� Barros De, 2009, Acroceridae (Diptera): a pictorial key and diagnosis of the Brazilian genera, pp. 29-41 in Zootaxa 2175 on page 38, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189330, {"references":["Wiedemann, C. R. W. (1824) Munus rectoris in Academia Christiana Albertina aditurus analecta entomologica ex Museo Regio Havniensi maxime congesta profert iconibusque illustrat. Kiliae [Kiel], 60 pp.","Wiedemann, C. R. W. (1830) Aussereuropaische zweiflugelige Insekten. Zweiter Theil. Schulz, Hamm, 684 pp.","Cole, F. R. (1919) The dipterous family Cyrtidae in North America. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 45, 1 - 79.","Bequaert, J. (1931) The genus Lasia (Diptera, Cyrtidae) in North America, with descriptions of two new species. American Museum Novitates, 455, 1 - 11."]}

Dracontium spinosum Linnaeus, Species Plantarum 2: 967. 1753. "Habitat in Zeylona." RCN: 7010. Lectotype (Nicolson in Dassanayake & Fosberg, Revised Handb. Fl. Ceylon 6: 35. 1987): Herb. Hermann 5: 29, No. 328 [icon] (BM), see p. 181. Current name: Lasia spinosa (L.) Thwaites (Araceae). Note: The type is illustrated by Hay (in Blumea 33: 458, f. 15. 1988)., Published as part of Jarvis, Charlie, 2007, Chapter 7: Linnaean Plant Names and their Types (part D), pp. 474-489 in Order out of Chaos. Linnaean Plant Types and their Types, London :Linnaean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum on page 488, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.291971

The effect of seasonal variation on the biochemical contents of the tender leaves of Lasia spinosa has been investigated. The concentration of nutrient like protein, fat, iron, calcium, potassium and ascorbic acid were found to increase during the monsoon season except carbohydrates and fibers. Among the non-nutrients but health protective phytochemicals as total alkaloids, flavonoids and phenolic compounds also showed increasing value during monsoon than pre-monsoon in Lasia spinosa. Therefore, the monsoon season could be adjudged as the best season for harvesting and consumption of the green Lasia to maximize the nutritional and medicinal potency when used for herbal formulation and as vegetable respectively.

The stem vasculature of representative species in the four genera in the Calloideae and eight of the 17 genera in the Lasioideae was analyzed with films of series of cross sections, a technique only suitable for taxa with distinct internodes. The Calloideae are characterized by axial bundles which are more or less amphivasal and have an irregularly anastomosing vascular interconnection. The bud-trace system is short, inconspicuous, and has a narrow insertion. In the Lasioideae the climbing genera Cercestis and Rhektophyllum are most like each other but are both different from other members of the subfamily; the resemblance of Cercestis to Culcasia (Pothoideae) is recalled. Montrichardia is distinctive because of its elaborate compound-stem vascular bundles. This compound condition can be distinguished from the superficially similar arrangement found in some other taxa, e.g, Lasia, Cercestis spp, and Rhektophyllum, where there is an arrangement intermediate between simple and compound bundles. Here leaf tr...

Parnell and Szujk6-Lacza (1987) recently published a paper on H. W. Schott's private herbarium at the National Museum of Natural History in Budapest. Its existence there had been suspected for a long time and its fate had been briefly described by one of us (H. Riedl, 1965). It was bought by the Emperor of Mexico, Maximilian, after Schott's death in 1865 and transferred to his residence. After the final disaster of his reign, Theodor Bilimek, a clergyman and entomologist, who had been in the emperor's company to the very last, managed to bring Schott's herbarium to the Budapest National Museum after his death. Though this last step had never been stated explicitly, it could be implied from Haynald's scientific bequest. Riedl (1965) also mentioned that 1379 specimens of Araceae had been acquired by the Vienna Natural History Museum and later destroyed at the end of World War II. In order to facilitate future research we give a list of the taxa that had been present in Vienna and are lost, these bear Schott's original nomenclature from files prepared in 1872 under the guidance of G. Beck v. Managetta. The specimens pertaining to these names are apparently not among those at BP (T. Croat, pers. comm.), but in case any duplicates of these are still extant in Budapest, they should be regarded as types for Schott's own taxa. In all other cases the plates, drawn mainly from living plants cultivated in Schoenbrunn Gardens by various artists of extraordinary skill (including Zehner, Seboth, Oberer, Nickeli, and Liepoldt) and preserved at the Archive, Department of Botany, Vienna Natural History Museum, should serve as types. Unfortunately, 80 plates out of this collection of more than 3400, either black and white or coloured, are also missing. All the taxa concerned are members of Lasioideae and represent the complete set of the following genera: Cyrtosperma, Lasia, Podolasia, Urospatha, Ophione, and Dracontium (including Echidnium and Godwinia). It is still possible that these missing plates will turn up at some unexpected place to which they had been sent on loan before World War II, in which case we would kindly request information. The following species were present in Schott's herbarium in Vienna, but no longer exist there (the number of sheets is indicated in parentheses for each taxon).

In previous work (Hessler & Thistle, 1975; Thistle & Hessler, 1976) Betamorpha has been shown to be of substantial phylogenetic interest. This paper revises the taxonomy of the genus, presents biogeographic information, and provides a key to the known species. Three new species are described: Betamorpha lasia, Betamorpha megalocephalis, and Betamorpha megista.

Four species are keyed in the Oriental genus Rhysogaster, including R. panayensis (Philippines), R. indica (northern India), the genotype R. implicata Aldrich, and R. orientalis (Frey) ( Astomella o. Frey); a third new species is noted from northern Borneo but is not described. Astomella acuta (Tanganyika) and A. oldroydi (Indochina) bring the species in this genus to seven, four of which are Palearctic. ASTOMELLOIDES , type Pialea auripila Brunetti, and NEOPANOPS , type N boharti (New Guinea), are new genera; Cyrtus kashmirensis (northern India) is also described. Other nomenclatural changes are [Psilodera] aurata (Brunetti) ( Lasia a. Brun.), [ Psilodera? ] orbifer (Walker) ( Cyrtus o. Walk.), and Pterodontia kashmirensis Lichtwardt 1909 ( = P. dorsolineata Brunetti 1912).