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BACKGROUND: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), characterized by inflammation and steatosis, is one of the metabolic problems that trigger serious complications. Statin is usually used for NAFLD therapy, however, statin intolerance and resistance reduce the effectiveness of NAFLD treatment. Therefore, this study was conducted to develop the phytopharmaca against NAFLD by elucidating the anti-inflammatory and steatosis suppression of vegetable spices fermentation extract (VSFE) in rabbits induced with high-fat diet (HFD). METHODS: Twenty New Zealand White rabbits were determined into 4 groups; which were groups receiving standard diet (SD), HFD, HFD and 100 mg/kgBW VSFE, as well as HFD and 200 mg/kgBW VSFE. mRNA expressions of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (C/EBPα) were evaluated. The TNFα concentration was quantified after protein and RNA isolation. Inflammation and steatosis were observed in liver hematoxylin-eosin-stained preparate using microscope. RESULTS: Macrophage cells and hepatic steatosis showed significant decrease in a drug dependent manner. An effective dose of 200 mg/kgBW decreased C/EBPα and TNFα expression to 0.45±0.32 and 0.72±0.29 (p=0.013 and p=0.002, compared to the HFD group), respectively. TNFα inflammatory cytokine concentrations also responded to the administration of 100 mg/kgBW and 200 mg/kgBW doses, with the value of 31.72±10.40 mg/dL and 48.35±7.15 mg/dL (p=0.009 and p=0.002, compared to the HFD group), respectively. CONCLUSION: VSFE might prevent NAFLD by inhibit steatosis and inflammation through suppression of C/EBPα expression and TNFα expression. KEYWORDS: C/EBPα, TNFα, fermentation, steatosis, NAFLD

Drought poses a significant threat to global food security, particularly impacting crops like oil palm. Selecting genes for genome editing to enhance drought tolerance presents formidable challenges. To ensure that the target gene is chosen correctly and results in the desired character, a pilot study is necessary to determine the target gene for knockout. Two genes drought-related, AtBRL3 and AtOST2, were scrutinized in this context. Aligned with the Elaeis guineensis genome, their neighbouring proteins and gene ontology were analysed to identify potential targets for genome editing. AtBRL3, identified as BRL1 (XP_010913986.1) in E. guineensis, exhibited 58.48% identity and 100% coverage. It interacts with 12 nodes, including BIR1, BRI1, and AT2G20050, crucial for signalling pathways and cellular responses. Molecular function analysis revealed kinase activity. AtOST2 showed high similarity to plasma membrane ATPase/HA1 (XP_010913679.1) in E. guineensis, with 87.46% identity and 100% query cover. It correlated with 14 genes associated with ABA stimulus, stomatal movement, and hormone response. EgBRL1 and EgHA1, resembling AtBRL3 and AtOST2, respectively, emerge as promising targets for developing drought-tolerant oil palm cultivars through gene editing. Nonetheless, further validation through in vitro gRNA target selection and in vivo conversion of OST2/BRL3-containing plasmids in oil palm calluses is indispensable to demonstrate their efficacy in conferring novel drought resistance traits.

Corn is the second largest commodity in Tawangrejo Village, Gemarang District, Madiun Regency with a harvest reaching 3 tonnes in 2023. The large corn harvest is in line with the corn waste produced at the end of each harvest period. Until now, corn waste is still used as animal feed in small quantities and the rest is burned, resulting in air pollution around Tawangrejo Village. The work program of "KKN-BBK 2 Universitas Airlangga" aims to educate the public to optimize corn harvest waste while providing additional income from selling these handicraft products through digital marketing. The short-term result of this activity is that the people of Tawangrejo Village can make crafts from corn husk waste to become furniture decorations and brooches. Apart from that, the people of Tawangrejo Village are also able to create accounts on the marketplace and know marketing strategies that can be applied easily. The expected long-term result of this activity is that the income of the people of Tawangrejo Village can increase. For sustainability activities, training should be carried out regularly so that people can hone their creativity more deeply and become experts in making crafts. Apart from that, education regarding interesting marketing methods is also carried out regularly so that the public understands better and can be implemented in other products.

The purpose of this research was to see the potential for adding calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) from chicken eggshells to the Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) and Feed Efficiency in white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) cultivation in freshwater conditions. This research was conducted for 30 days. The experimental design used was a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of 4 treatments with 5 replications. The treatments used were P0: commercial feed + 1% CMC, P1: commercial feed + 1% CMC + 1% Ca(OH)2 chicken egg shells, P2: commercial feed + 1% CMC + 2% Ca(OH)2 chicken egg shells, P3: commercial feed + 1% CMC + 4% Ca(OH)2 chicken egg shells. A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied to compare the control and treated groups at a significance level of P

Fitri Ariyanti Abidin,1,2 Shally Novita,1,3 Kustimah Kustimah,1,3 Bewizta Maurilla Hasyyati,2 Mumtaz Azoma,2 Shadira Fianni Darmagita,2 Kinanthi Ayu Larasati,2 Athifah Qonita Millati2 1Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia; 2Center for Family Life and Parenting Studies, Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia; 3Center for Psychological Innovation and Research, Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, IndonesiaCorrespondence: Fitri Ariyanti Abidin, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jln. Ir. Soekarno km. 21. Jatinangor, Kab, Sumedang, Jawa Barat, 45363, Indonesia, Tel +62 22 7794126, Fax +62 22 87920376, Email fitri.ariyanti.abidin@unpad.ac.idBackground: Existing literature has examined the link between parent causal attribution and self-compassion in parent perspective-taking, but the impact of mindful parenting as a mediator remains underexplored.Purpose: The present study examines the mediating effect of mindful parenting on the relationship between parental attribution and self-compassion in parents’ perspective-taking.Methods: Using a cross-sectional design, 208 parents aged 30 to 59 (M = 42, SD = 4.3) with first-born adolescents aged 12– 18 participated in the study.Results: The results revealed that mindful parenting fully mediated the relationship between parental causal attribution and perspective-taking while partially mediating the association between self-compassion and perspective-taking.Conclusion: These findings emphasize the crucial role of mindful parenting in explaining the relationship between parent causal attribution, self-compassion, and parent perspective-taking. Further research is needed to explore these relationships in more diverse and representative samples.Keywords: mindful parenting, parent causal attribution, parental self-compassion, parents-adolescents, perspective taking

Tulisan ini akan mengkaji tentang sejauh mana pengaturan pelanggaran HAM berat dalam KUHP 2023 berdampak pada keberlakuan asas-asas yang diatur dalam UU No. 26 Tahun 2000 sebagai UU khusus. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah hukum normatif, dengan pengumpulan data melalui studi kepustakaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dilihat dari Pasal 187 dan Pasal 620 KUHP 2023, maka dapat dikatakan jika pasal-pasal tersebut sejatinya telah memberikan ‘jaminan’ untuk memastikan apabila keberadaan KUHP 2023 tidak akan mengurangi atau memberikan dampak apapun terhadap keberlakuan asas-asas khusus yang termaktub pada Undang-Undang Nomor 26 Tahun 2000. Hal ini kemudian diperkuat dengan ketentuan Pasal 622 ayat 1 huruf m yang hanya mencabut beberapa pasal dari UU No. 26 Tahun 2000, yakni Pasal 8, 9,36-40 tentang rumusan tindak pidana dan sanksi pidana bagi pengaturan pelanggaran HAM berat. Sementara dengan menggunakan teori kodifikasi & perspektif perubahan perundang-undangan pada Pasal 3 KUHP 2023, terungkap sebuah temuan bahwa pengaturan pelanggaran HAM berat di dalam KUHP 2023 berpotensi membuka berbagai permasalahan baru, mulai dari isu pertentangan asas hingga isu multitafsir. Ditafsirkannya Pasal 187, Pasal 620, dan Pasal 3 KUHP 2023 secara berbeda sejatinya dapat menimbulkan potensi berupa tidak berlakunya asas-asas khusus yang diatur di dalam UU No. 26 Tahun 2000, sehingga kedepannya bagi pengaturan pelanggaran HAM berat sangat dimungkinan tunduk pada asas-asas hukum umum yang termaktub dalam Buku I KUHP 2023. Kata Kunci: Pengaturan Pelanggaran HAM Berat, KUHP 2023, Perubahan Perundang-Undangan.

Dalam pembangunan di Kalimantan Tengah, sektor konstruksi berperan cukup strategis menyediakan infrastruktur. Tercatat 2.082 perusahaan konstruksi di tahun 2022 dimana sebanyak 27,19% merupakan Perusahaan konstruksi yang berada di Kota Palangka Raya. Berdasarkan data yang diperoleh melalui situ Layanan Pengadaan Secara Elektronik (LPSE) Pemerintah Kota Palangkaraya, jumlah pengadaan jasa konstruksi periode tahun 2023 adalah sebanyak 155 paket tender. Dalam realisasi tingkat partisipasi penyedia pekerjaan konstruksi dan jasa konsultasi mengalami penurunan dibandingkan dengan Tahun 2022. Proses pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan melakukan penyebaran kuesioner dan melakukan studi literatur. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode SEM-PLS untuk melakukan analisis data, dengan menggunakan program SmartPLS 3.0. Menurut hasil yang diperoleh dari analisis yang telah dilakukan, didapatkan menunjukan bahwa faktor karakteristik perusahaan, karakteristik proyek, dokumen proyek, kondisi tender, dan kondisi ekonomi berpengaruh secara signifikan dan mampu memberikan kontribusi yang besar dalam mempengaruhi penyedia jasa untuk mengikuti tender pekerjaan konstruksi.

This quantitative study aims to determine and describe social media literacy in adolescents in Langkat regency. The study sample consisted of 88 teenagers. Data collection techniques were collected using online questionnaires prepared using individual competence indicators such as media use, critical thinking, and communication. The results showed that there still needs to be more social media literacy in the essential aspect of thought, namely repeated examination of information circulating on social media by adolescents. The recommendation of the results of this study is the importance of providing education by related parties such as the school environment and families so that it can help adolescent social media literacy

Consuming noodles excessively is not good for health because it contains high trans fat, which can cause diabetes mellitus (DM) as a disease with a high prevalence, especially type 2 DM, as much as 95% in Indonesia. Tamarillo (Chypomandra betacea Cav.) can potentially reduce blood glucose levels and restore adipokine regulation to prevent insulin resistance in type 2 DM. This study aims to determine the formulation and potential of tamarillo compounds into noodle products named "Chypotes (Chypomandra Antidiabetes) Noodle" as an alternative food for type 2 DM patients. The methods used are noodle formulation, organoleptic test, hedonic test, and network pharmacology. Based on the results of an organoleptic test, Chypotes Noodle has a chewy texture, a distinctive smell, yellow colour, and a slightly sour tasteless taste typical of Tamarillo. Based on the results of the hedonic test, 30 respondents chose the like and very like options in filling out the questionnaire with a percentage of 80-90%. Based on the Network Pharmacology of Tamarillo shows that 150 of the 365 target proteins of Tamarillo are involved in the biological processes and signaling pathways of type 2 diabetes mellitus, with 75 target proteins locking and interacting. Compound Molecules of Tamarillo, such as six bioactive components of the hydroxycinnamic acids group, have activity in type 2 DM and affect the biological processes and signaling pathways of type 2 DM against ADIPOQ, TNF, and INS. Therefore, Tamarillo can potentially be used as an alternative food product in the form of noodles for type 2 DM treatment.

The Common European Framework of Reference for Language (CEFR), is a method and tool for measuring a person's language skills by using tests according to special procedures for classifying beginner, intermediate, and advanced-level abilities. Therefore, this measurement tool is one of the researchers' goals: to provide examples of various language tests of beginner's writing skills that are classified according to the CEFR measures at levels A1 and A2. This research will analyze examples of writing skill tests for beginners based on the CEFR method. This research was carried out using a desk study design with reading and writing data sources related to language testing forms based on the CEFR method and scoring techniques using desk research methods. The results of this research indicate that the CEFR method is effective for measuring students' abilities and that the writing skill test models can be classified for beginners.

Contamination in the in vitro culture is a critical problem causing the failure of seed production. Contamination in the oil palm plantlet is detrimental, considering that oil palm propagation is difficult and takes a long time. This research aimed to study the effect of sterilization during acclimatization of the contaminated oil palm plantlets by fungi on viability and to determine the optimum viability achieved from the contaminated materials. The materials used were contaminated plantlets of oil palm with roots, four leaves, and a height of about 17 cm. The plantlets were removed from the tube and cleaned with running tap water, then were sterilized, with treatments P1: soaking in benomyl-mancozeb-sodium hypochlorite and mannitol and rinsing with aquadest, P2: soaking in benomyl-mancozeb, P3: soaking in mancozeb. Cleaning plantlets under running tap water was carried out as a control treatment. The results showed that at 10 weeks after acclimatization, the survival rate of plantlets in each treatment (P1, P2, and P3) was significantly higher than that of the control. Sterilization methods affect the time new leaves emerge, leaf condition after sterilization treatment, and shoot height. The lowest fungal contamination after treatments was found in P2, followed by P3. After 3 months, plantlet survival rate decreased, with the highest survival rate in treatment P3 (32.3%) followed by treatment P2 (22.5%). In conclusion, acclimatization of contaminated oil palm plantlets can be carried out using a suitable sterilization treatment. Sterilization affects the survival rate and growth of in vitro-contaminated oil palm plantlets during acclimatization.

Garis pantai pada umumnya mengalami perubahan posisi dari waktu ke waktu akibat adanya abrasi dan sedimentasi. Perubahan garis pantai dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor, salah satunya akibat adanya bangunan pantai. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat perubahan garis pantai akibat adanya bangunan pantai breakwater di Pulau Pramuka, Kepulauan Seribu. Metode pengolahan dan analisis data dilakukan menggunakan teknologi penginderaan jauh. Dari hasil pengolahan dan analisis data citra satelit Landsat 7 dan 8 dari tahun 2010 sampai tahun 2017 terdapat endapan sedimen atau akresi di pantai Pulau Pramuka akibat adanya bangunan breakwater. Luas endapan sedimen yang terjadi pada tahun 2010 sebesar 7.731 ha, pada tahun 2015 sebesar 7.974 ha, sedangkan pada tahun 2016 sebesar 5.285 ha dan pada tahun 2017 sebesar 5.387 ha. Timbulnya endapan sedimen di pinggiran pantai akibat breakwater ini mengakibatkan terjadinya perubahan garis pantai di sekitar Pulau Pramuka.

Hyperlipidemia is a condition of high levels of lipids in the blood. Hyperlipidemia is a major factor causing non-communicable diseases such as DMT2 and stroke. Purslane is a plant that contains PUFA which is hypolipidemic. The purpose of this study was to test the effectiveness of giving purslane plant fatty acid extracts in reducing triglyceride levels in obese rats induced by a high-fat and high-calorie diet. There were five treatments in this study, namely P1 negative control (no treatment), P2 positive control (by administering gemfibrozil), P3 (100 mg/kg BW of purslane fatty acid extract), P4 (200 mg/kg BW of purslane fatty acid extract), P5 (300 mg/kg BW of purslane fatty acid extract). The test animals used were male rats strain Ratus norvegitus, male, initial body weight ± 200 grams with final body weight ≥ 10% of initial weight. This research is True-Eksperimental Research using a Control Group Pretest-Posttest Design with the RAL experimental design. The data obtained were analyzed statistically using tests Quade's Rank Analysis of Covariance. The results showed that the purslane plant fatty acid extract could reduce triglyceride levels. In this study, a dose of 300 mg/kg BW was the best dose for reducing triglyceride levels in obese rats.

Background: Antibiotics are a treatment used to treat bacterial infections. However, the many antibiotic-resistant bacteria caused researchers to use plants as an alternative treatment, one of which is garlic (Allium sativum L.). Objective: Previous research stated that the diameter of the inhibition zone by garlic had a more excellent value than the antibiotics used. Hence, the researchers were interested in conducting an antibacterial test of the ethyl acetate fraction of garlic against the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Methods: This study was an experimental laboratory using the posttest-only control group design method in the Kruskal Wallis test data analysis. Results: the results of the inhibition analysis with p-value < 0.05 in each test group for both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. With the Mann-Whitney test, the results obtained a p-value

Empowering SMEs in the midst of globalization and high competition has forced MSMEs to face global challenges, such as increasing innovation, developing human resources and technology, and expanding the marketing area. Social networks provide a medium for processing new innovations for SMEs such as relationships with customers, work partners and also suppliers. Business process management can assist business actors in carrying out their business activities in the face of today's challenges and global competition. This study reveals that every business process can be supported by the implementation of IT by a company. This study uses a grounded theory approach. Grounded theory studies tend to follow a structured approach. This research uses case studies of hydroponic SMEs in Indonesia, which produce the types of social media social media functions that are often used by Indonesians. The main strength of this research is the functions of social media needed by SME actors. From the results of the study it was found that SMEs need social media functionality in 4 functions, namely: the interaction function, the marketing function, the reputation function, and the information function. SMEs in Indonesia need applications that contain these 4 functions to be able to market, sell, and interact with other people.

loyalty programs in banking need to look at the dynamics of female consumers, especially when digital businesses dominate marketing transactions. In the literature, segmentation studies are mostly carried out on retail services, airlines, and hotels, which are rare in banking, especially related to loyalty program services. Therefore, this study is expected to close the gap without a segmentation study in a banking context. This study aims to identify the female customer segment by assessing the bank's loyalty program and relating it to its perceived convenience, security, and reliability. The study employed the two most prominent banks in Indonesia, with 208 female customers as respondents. The purposive sampling method was used as a method of selecting samples. Data were reduced using factor analysis and categorized using cluster analysis. The main result identifies four factors underlying the benefits of loyalty programs: quality of communication, policy, rewards, and website quality. Three segments of loyalty program female consumers were identified: apathetic (25%), active (31%), and passive segments (44%). In further analysis, three segments of females were analyzed regarding the bank saving account's convenience, reliability, and security. Results confirm that all three segments were unique and distinguished one from another. This study's implication guides managing the types of female customers at the bank, especially loyalty programs.

The tourism industry is a key driver in the socio-economic growth of countries and regions in Indonesia. Indonesia has great potential; this is realized from the choice of six tourism areas that have received UNESCO Global Geopark (UGG) certification, one of which is CPUGGp. But unfortunately, CPUGGp cannot be considered to have optimal and uneven results, besides that competition for tourist destinations is increasing. Therefore, an important aspect that needs to be done is an effective brand formation strategy. This study analyzes factors that affect destination brand equity. Methods and data analysis using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to measure the four variables it has brand awareness, brand association, brand equity, and brand loyalty. Results showed that the indicators of each variable were poorly assessed. Regarding the effect, the four indicators have a significant effect on destination brand equity. This research recommends building brand recognition, brand recall, to become top of mind, increasing brand association to improve safety, convenience related to costs, increasing perceived quality through cleanliness and facilities, and increasing brand loyalty by adding value revenue through collaboration.

This study examines the effect of audit committees, industry specialization auditors, and audit tenure on audit report lag with debt to equity ratio and KAP reputation as control variables. The type of data used in this study is secondary data in the form of the company's annual report. The population in this study are companies listed on the IDX in the 2018-2020 LQ45 index. The sampling method used was purposive sampling and obtained as many as 33 companies. The study results stated that the audit committee had a significant negative effect on audit report lag, industry specialization auditors had a significant positive effect on audit report lag, and audit tenure had no significant negative effect on audit report lag. Limitations in this study are the limitations of the sample and the method used. Future research is expected to be able to examine audit report lag from other perspectives, for example, in terms of auditor or client behavior.

Although positive association between fermented vegetables intake with the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) has increased attention nowadays, the metabolite profiling and the mechanism of action are still elusive. This study designed to investigate the secondary metabolites, hypolipidemic, and anti-atherogenic effect of mixed vegetable fermentation extract (MVFE). The metabolite screening of the MVFE was assessed using the Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrophotometer (LC-MS/MS) method. The result of LC-MS/MS was used as ligands to inhibit the binding of oxidized LDL (oxLDL) and Cluster Differentiation 36 (CD36), Scavenger Receptor A1 (SRA1), Lectin-type oxidized LDL receptor 1 (LOX1). This work was performed with molecular docking using Discovery Studio 2021, PyRx 0.9, and Autodock Vina 4.2 followed by analyzing Network Pharmacology, Protein Protein Interaction (PPI) using Cytoscape 3.9.1 and String 2.0.0. Finally, the clinical effect of MVFE was evaluated using in vivo study. Twenty rabbits were assigned to normal, negative control, and MVFE group that were fed with standard diet, high fat diet (HFD), HFD supplemented with MVFE 100, 200 mg/kg BW, respectively. The serum level of Total Cholesterol (TC) and Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL-c) were detected at the end of week 4.The LC-MS/MS analysis identified 17 compounds categorized as peptides, fatty acids, polysaccharides, nucleoside, flavonoids, flavanols, and phenolic compounds. Based on the docking study, more negative binding affinity was observed in the interaction between metabolites with the scavenger receptors (SR) than simvastatin. The number of nodes and edges based on Network Pharmacology analysis were 268 and 482, respectively. The PPI network showed that MVFE metabolites exerts its athero-protective effect by modulating various cellular processes including inflammation, improvement of endothelial function, and modulation of lipid metabolism. Blood TC and LDL-c concentrations in the negative control (458.82 ± 82.03; 191.87 ± 92.16 mg/dL) were higher significantly compared to the normal group (87.03 ± 29.27; 43.33 ± 5.75 mg/dL). The MVFE administration decreased the TC (100, 200 mg/kg BW MVFE: 269.96 ± 85.34; 130.17 ± 45.02 mg/dL) and LDL-c level (100, 200 mg/kg BW MVFE = 87.24 ± 22.85; 41.82 ± 11.08 mg/dL) dose-dependently (p

ABSTRACT This study investigates the influence of human intellectual capital and the age of directors on financial distress in service companies listed in the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) year 2014-2021. We employ purposive sampling method to select the sample used in this study. Furthermore, we used a logistic regression model with STATA to test the hypotesis. We provide evidence that human intelectual capital negatively impact financial distress. On the other hand, the age of directors positively influence financial distress. In addition, the control variable net profit margin negatively influences financial distress, while other control variables proved to be no influence on financial distress. ABSTRAK Riset ini bertujuan untuk menguji efek modal intelektual dan usia direksi terhadap financial distress perusahaan jasa yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia tahun 2014-2021. Kami menggunakan metode purposive sampling untuk menentukan sample yang digunakan dalam riset ini. Lebih lanjut, kami menggunakan model regresi logistik untuk menguji hipotesa dalam riset ini. Dengan bantuan software STATA, kami menemukan bahwa modal intelektual berpengaruh negatif terhadap financial distress perusahaan. Sebaliknya, usia direksi berpengaruh positif terhadap financial distress. Kami juga menemukan bahwa diantara variabel kontrol yang digunakan dalam riset ini, hanya net profit margin mempengaruhi financial distress dengan arah negatif.

ABSTRAK Pendahuluan: Mental foramen dan mandibular canal merupakan struktur anatomi penting untuk melakukan tindakan perawatan gigi dan mulut seperti anestesi lokal, penempatan implan, fraktur mandibula, dan intervensi bedah di daerah mandible. Identifikasi tipe visibilitas mental foramen dapat membantu meminimalisir terjadinya resiko cedera saraf mentalis. Tujuan penelitian mengetahui tipe visibilitas mental foramen dengan mandibular canal pada radiograf panoramik berdasarkan usia dan perbedaan jenis kelamin. Metode: Jenis penelitian deskriptif observasional dengan rancangan penelitian cross sectional. Penelitian dilakukan pada rekam medis panoramik pasien RSGM Maranatha pada tahun 2019-2020 yang berusia 17-25 tahun, menggunakan teknik simple random sampling. Tipe visibilitas mental foramen diamati berdasarkan hubungannya dengan mandibular canal pada kedua sisi mandible dari 216 radiograf panoramik. Tipe visibilitas mental foramen dan mandibular canal diklasifikasikan menjadi 4 tipe: 1. Continous type; 2. Separated type; 3. Diffuse type; 4. Unidentified type. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan metode distribusi frekuensi relatif dan tabulasi silang dengan perhitungan persentase baris. Hasil: Tipe visibilitas mental foramen dengan mandibular canal pada pasien usia 17-25 tahun adalah separated type dengan persentase tertinggi sebesar 44,4%. Pasien laki-laki dengan jumlah 87 responden menunjukkan tipe visibilitas mental foramen tertinggi yaitu continuous type (43,7%) dan pasien perempuan dengan jumlah 129 responden menunjukkan tipe visibilitas mental foramen tertinggi yaitu separated type (48,1%). Simpulan: Tipe visibilitas mental foramen dengan mandibular canal berdasarkan radiografi panoramic pada pasien dengan usia 17-25 tahun menunjukkan tipe visibilitas mental foramen yang paling sering ditemukan adalah separated type, dan terdapat perbedaan tipe visibilitas mental foramen dengan mandibular canal berdasarkan jenis kelamin pada pasien dengan usia 17-25 tahun. Kata kunci: tipe visibilitas; mental foramen; mandibular canal; radiograf panoramik; usia; jenis kelamin ABSTRACT Introduction: Mental foramen and mandibular canal are a clinically critical anatomical landmarks for clinicians when performing dental care, such as local anesthetics, implant placement, mandibular fractures, and surgical intervention in the mandible area. Determining the visibility type of the mental foramen can help to preclude iatrogenic complications such as mental nerve injury that can lead to lower lips paresthesia. This study aimed to determine the visibility type of mental foramen towards the mandibular canal in male and female patients using panoramic radiographs. Methods: The research method used in this study was descriptive observational with a cross sectional research design. Panoramic radiographs were randomly selected using simple random sampling from the dental records of RSGM Maranatha patients between the ages of 17-25 in 2019-2020. Visibility Mental foramen type was observed based on its relationship with the mandibular canal on both sides of the mandible from 216 panoramic radiographs. Visibility of the mental foramen and mandibular canal classified into four types of visibility: 1. Continous type; 2. Separated type; 3. Diffuse type; 4. Unidentified type. Results: The result showed that “separated type” (44.4%) was the highest percentage of the visibility of Mental foramen towards the Mandibular canal in patients aged 17-25 years old. There is a difference in the visibility type of Mental foramen between male and female patients. Out of 87 male patient respondents, the highest visibility of Mental foramen is “continuous type” (43.7%); meanwhile, out of 129 female patient respondents, the highest visibility of Mental foramen is “separated type” (48.1%). Conclusion: “Separated type” is the most common discovery of visibility type of Mental foramen towards the Mandibular canal in patients between the ages of 17-25. The visibility type of Mental foramen may differ according to their sex. Keywords: visibility type; mental foramen; mandibular canal; panoramic radiograph; age; sex

This nested case study (multiyear research critical discourse analysis—in this case, the first year) aims to provide support in the form of linguistic recommendations to the law reform, particularly on the issues of Muslim women's bodies, sexuality, and domestication based on the textual analysis of the patriarchal language used by different Islamic strands: Muhammadiyah's, Nahdlatul Ulama's and Salafi's clerics in their preaching in Indonesia. This is significant because such a study is relatively limited in Indonesian cases. However, it also shed light on how discrepant linguistic manners of these male clerics were deployed to voice their noblesse oblige about Muslim women's body, sexuality, and domestication as regulatory discourse. The data—six videos of the respective clerics' preaching—were taken from Youtube using purposeful stratified sampling. It is found that Muhammadiyah's cleric delineated this discourse based on the segregation of dubious religiously correct and incorrect propriety, whereas Nahdlatul Ulama's cleric, the apparent religious normality, and Salafi's cleric, the plausible religious propriety.

One-third of all elasmobranch species are classified as globally threatened (i.e., vulnerable, endangered, or critically endangered) according to the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, The Sphyrnidae family, once among the most abundant shark species complexes, now faces one of highest extinction risks by the IUCN in 2019. This study aimed to analyse the total catch of Sphyrnidae in Muncar, East Java, Indonesia, from 2020 to 2023, and to evaluate the proportion of Sphyrnidae catches relative to other shark during this period. The research utilized both primary and secondary data sources, with daily enumeration conducted, using guidebooks, rulers, hand scales, cameras, code tags, plastic mats, and identification books. The results revealed that most Sphyrnidae catches over the past four years were Sphyrna lewini, with 653 females and 433 males recorded. In contrast, Sphyrna mokarran and Sphyrna zygaena were only landed in minimal numbers over the entire period. Furthermore, S. lewini accounted for less than 15% of the total shark catch, with an average of 58 shark species caught annually. The use of fishing gear by fishers operating vessels under 5 Gross Tonnage (GT) with gillnets in the 10-28 GT range with longlines was identified as significant factor influencing catch composition.”

This study aims to classify the linear characteristics of the lactation cow's body as Participated Cow used in the progeny test of dairy cows at KAN Jabung, Malang, East Java. Linear body traits, such as udder characteristics reflect milk production capability. The study involved 180 lactating cows. The research method employed a survey approach with data collection through purposive sampling, focusing on lactating cows based on specific criteria. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive analysis, calculating mean value, maximum and minimum values, value of diversity and standard deviation. The results indicated that the Participated Cow linear characteristics including front leg strength, rear leg position, body depth, buttock angle, front randomized angle, rear randomized angle, udder height, udder width, udder depth, front nipple length and back nipple length respectively had a score of 5; 5; 5,5; 4; 5,5; 5; 7; 3; 5; 5; 4. In conclusion, linear classification on PC that meets the ideal score is only 3 variables: hind legs, udder depth and nipple length with a percentage of 27.27%, so further research is needed to evaluate linear properties of PC so that it can be used as a guideline for the selection of PC in the progeny test.

Although flooding-based message dissemination in opportunistic mobile networks yields high delivery performance, the nodes' resources, such as energy and buffer, are rapidly depleted due to the enormous quantity of message replicas dispersed over the networks. This study aims to reduce the number of message replicas in the networks while maintaining an acceptable delivery rate. Inspired by Conway's Game of Life, which uses cellular automaton-based neighbor conditions to regulate the total population, we propose RiGoL, a replication control-based technique for determining how many neighbors hold the same messages. We utilize a counter to keep track of the number of neighbors and two thresholds, namely forward and drop thresholds. Our strategy works as follows: when a pair of nodes meet, the node checks to see if the peer has the same message. The counter is increased by one if the peer does not hold the same message. On the other hand, if the peer already has the message, the counter is decremented by one. Only when the counter exceeds the forward threshold, then the message forwarded to another node. In contrast, the message is deleted from the node's buffer if the counter value is less than the drop threshold. We conduct extensive simulations using ONE Simulator to evaluate our proposed strategy. The simulation results show that although RiGoL yields higher latency than Epidemic, RiGoL successfully reduces the message replication in the network and prolongs the hub node's lifetime.

This research emphasizes the importance of digital wallet customer segmentation, mainly based on customer risk perceptions during the Covid-19 pandemic. The fundamental contribution of the study was to explain the concept of perceived risk in a digital wallet, also to confirm risk factors in digital wallets, and identify segments based on perceived risk factors. The respondents are 270 digital wallet users of OVO, Gopay, and Dana obtained in Surabaya, Indonesia, during the Covid-19 pandemic, which was taken using the purposive sampling technique. The multiple analysis data were carried out using factor analysis, cluster analysis, and difference test techniques. An essential finding of this study shows that perceived risk factors consist of security, financial, social, and operational risks. There are three segments based on the perceived risk: low-risk, medium-risk, and high-risk. Each segment has different characteristics and managerial implications.

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah : 1) mengembangkan media PENAWAPI pada muatan IPA kelas V di SDN Wanaherang 05, 2) mengetahui kelayakan dari pengembangan media PENAWAPI berbasis kontekstual, dan 3) mengetahui respon dari siswa terhadap penggunaan media PENAWAPI. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian R&D dengan model 4D (Define, Design, Develop, Disseminate). Penelitian dilakukan langsung ke SDN Wanaherang 05 Kabupaten Bogor. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan pengisian angket untuk uji validasi oleh ahli media, ahli materi dan implementasi pada siswa kelas V SDN Wanaherang 05. Hasil dari penelitian ini menyatakan bahwa media PENAWAPI sangat layak dengan hasil prosentase 93% oleh ahli media, 97% oleh ahli materi dan 88% dari hasil implementasi pada siswa kelas V. Maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa media PENAWAPI sangat layak untuk digunakan pada muatan pelajaran IPA materi hewan ruminansia kelas V SDN Wanaherang 05.

Bali is one of the many provinces of Indonesia with the most preserved cultural heritage. One form of these heritages is the architectural heritage. The traditional architecture of the Balinese people is still widely used and sometimes repurposed by their own people, mostly the Puris. A Puri is a building that was once used to be the residence of the royal families during their prime. The architecture of these Puris has distinct characteristics on its location, function, and typology of the building. A unique example of these Puris is the Puri Agung Karangasem, which has three cultures infused to its architecture. Apart from the obvious Balinese characteristics, there are also European and Chinese influence which can be proven by the Gedong Maskerdam, Bale Kambang, making it a treasured heritage not only for the Balinese people, but also for Indonesian people in general. This research is meant to explain and to give more insight into the architecture of Puri Agung Karangasem, which in result would present as a piece of knowledge to encourage the community to be more appreciative towards maintaining the traditional architecture of the Balinese people as a piece of important heritage. The method used for this research is the qualitative descriptive method. Focusing on the visual analysis of the architectural elements that are influenced by the different cultures, supported with previous related research and article.

Abstract There are conflicting reports regarding the efficacy of cortisol as a stress marker in altitude training due to the influence of the circadian rhythm. This study aimed to verify whether the automated measurement of salivary cortisol concentration via sequential sampling could detect the differences in exercise stress between two altitudes. We enrolled 12 elite female long-distance runners living near sea level. For the first higher-altitude camp, the runners lived at 1800 m and trained at 1700 m for 7 days. For the second lower-altitude camp, they lived at 1550 m and trained at 1300 m for 7 days. Their saliva was sequentially collected on the last 2 days during each camp which involved different intensity exercises in the morning and afternoon. The salivary cortisol concentrations were measured using electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. Before dinner, the basal salivary cortisol concentrations were significantly higher in the higher-altitude camp. The rate of change in the salivary cortisol concentration during the morning exercise was significantly higher in the higher-altitude camp than in lower-altitude camp (p = 0.028) despite the same exercise programs and intensities. Salivary cortisol level measurements during the athletes' circadian rhythms could detect the differences in acclimatization and exercise stress between two altitudes.

Some research explores teachers' knowledge and views, proving that knowledge and beliefs play an important role in instructors' classroom decision-making. However, little study has been done to see how teachers' knowledge and opinions about how effective strategies affect implementation. Focus on the challenges and opportunities in Kampus Mengajar Program by implementing the English learning strategies in 16 Elementary School, this study aims to determine which technique is the most beneficial and what barriers participants face when implementing English learning in elementary schools as part of the Kampus Mengajar Program. The participants were English Department students' that participated in Kampus Mengajar Program at Tidar University consisting of 16 students. A questionnaire with open ended questions was used as the instrument in this survey. Playing games, using songs, using interactive media, and repetition were the four most commonly used strategies in teaching English language skills to young learners. These findings may be beneficial to those who teach English or work with young learners.

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of using the Phet Simulation application based on STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) – PBL (Problem Based Learning) for mastering the basic concepts of science, especially the subject of Dynamic Electricity. This research was conducted on 1st Semester students from one of the PTKIS in Lamongan who taught the basic science concepts course for the 2022/2023 academic year, namely 35 people. The type of research used is quasi-experimental with a One Group Pretest-Posttest research design. The data collection techniques as the main data are pretest and posttest to find out the increase in mastery of the concept. The hypothesis testing in this study used the Paired Sample t Test using the SPSS 25 application. Based on the data obtained sig.2tailed 0.000

Confidence interval estimation of parameters determines the value interval, which is calculated based on statistical measurements and has specific estimates probability that contains the actual parameters. A method is needed to estimate the parameters' confidence interval, and the methods used are the Score method and the Bootstrap method. This study aims to estimate parameters by using the maximum likelihood estimation method and analyze the reliability of the aircraft engine cooling system's lifetime that follows the Gamma Distribution, and estimate the confidence interval of the parameters.

Evidence suggests that parental involvement in children’s education has a positive impact on children’s educational achievements and wellbeing outcomes. The trend toward 24/7 economies has obliged many mothers to work non-standard schedules (i.e., schedules outside traditional daytime, Monday–Friday work schedules). This has raised concerns over how non-standard work schedules affect parenting behaviors, including paternal involvement in children’s education. Using data from mothers of young children (age 5–6) in Hong Kong (N = 433), this study examined the association between maternal work schedules and involvement in children’s home and school activities. The results of structural equation modeling found that weekend work was associated with lower levels of home-based involvement. By contrast, working non-standard hours was linked with higher levels of school-based involvement. This pattern suggested that non-standard work schedules could make it either easier or harder for mothers to balance work and family responsibilities, depending on the circumstances (i.e., whether they work non-standard hours or weekends). These findings, indicating that the effects of non-standard work schedules are not uniformly negative or positive, warrant sophisticated policy efforts to address the potential adverse effects of non-standard work schedules and avoid undermining their potential to be used as a family-friendly option.

Abstrak: Penelitian membahas penggunaan media video dalam evaluasi pembelajaran praktik tari di era pandemi COVID-19. Praktik tari merupakan bagian dari aspek keterampilan dalam proses pembelajaran tari. Tujuan penelitian mengidentifikasi kendala evaluasi pembelajaran praktik tari yang biasanya dilaksanakan secara tatap muka. Metode penelitian kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data berupa observasi, wawancara dan studi dokumen. Analisis data menggunakan teknik trianggulasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunakan video dalam evaluasi praktik tari sangat tepat digunakan pada era pandemi COVID-19. Video mempunyai kelebihan bagi guru dan peserta didik yaitu:1) Tidak perlu ada tatap muka, 2) bisa diatur durasinya, 3) bisa diulang-ulang proses perekamannya, 4) bisa dinilai secara detail, 5) bisa dilakukan pengeditan, 6) Alat pengambilan gambar mudah dan sudah dimiliki peserta didik, 7) bisa dilakukan pengambilan gambar dengan berbeda tempat, dan 8) tidak dibatasi oleh waktu. Evaluasi pembelajaran praktik tari melalui video sangat membantu guru dan peserta didik di era pandemi. Penggunaan video sangat disarankan dalam proses evaluasi praktik tari bagi guru seni. Abstract: The study discusses the use of video media in evaluating dance practice learning in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic. Dance practice is part of the skills aspect of the dance learning process. The aim of the study was to identify constraints in evaluating dance practice learning which is usually carried out face-to-face. Qualitative research methods with data collection techniques in the form of observation, interviews and document study. The data analysis used triangulation technique. The results show that the use of video in the evaluation of dance practices is very appropriate for the era of the COVID-19 pandemic. Video has advantages for teachers and students, namely: 1) No need to face to face, 2) the duration can be adjusted, 3) the recording process can be repeated, 4) can be assessed in detail, 5) can be edited, 6) Retrieval tools pictures are easy and already owned by students, 7) can take pictures in different places, and 8) are not limited by time. Evaluation of learning dance practice through videos is very helpful for teachers and students in the pandemic era. The use of video is highly recommended in the process of evaluating dance practice for art teachers.

The composition of organic waste reaches 59% of the total municipal solid waste in Indonesia. One way to process organic waste is composting by utilizing microorganisms to break down waste into compost. Naturally, the composting process took a long time but can be accelerated by adding microorganisms to the activator. This study analyzes the quality and quantity of compost using the Biopore Infiltration Hole (BIH) method with activator addition. Composting was duplicated in the yard area with clay soil type and water infiltration rate of 0,3 cm/hour. The BIH was made in a 10 cm diameter, a 100 cm depth, and the distance between the holes was 50 cm. Composting variations consist of variations in the composition of the raw materials and the activators' uses. Variations in the raw material composition consisted of 100% yard waste, 100% food waste, 50% yard waste and 50% food waste, and 70% food waste and 30% yard waste. In contrast, the activator variations consisted of no activator, EM4 activator, and Stardec activator. Compost analysis consists of maturity, quality of physical and macro elements, and quantity of compost. The results showed that all variations of composting had met the standard of maturity and quality of physical and macro elements according to SNI 19-7030-2004. The addition of activator affected composting time and compost quantity. The composting time in BIH with activator ranges from 41-60 days. In BIH without activator ranges from 65-75 days, there was a reduction in composting time by 15-25 days with the activator addition. However, the activator addition caused reducing the compost quantity by 10-20%. The selection of compost variations by scoring results in compost with a composition of 50% yard waste and 50% food waste and the addition of Stardec activators was the best variation in terms of compost maturity, quality, and quantity.

Drug repositioning adalah penggunaan senyawa obat yang sudah lolos uji sebelumnya untuk mengatasi penyakit baru selain penyakit awal obat tersebut ditujukan. Drug repositioning dapat dilakukan dengan memprediksi interaksi senyawa obat dengan protein penyakit yang bereaksi positif. Salah satu tantangan dalam prediksi interaksi senyawa dan protein adalah masalah ketidakseimbangan data. Deep semi-supervised learning dapat menjadi alternatif untuk menangani model prediksi dengan data yang tidak seimbang. Proses pre-training berbasis unsupervised learning pada deep semi-supervised learning dapat merepresentasikan input dari unlabeled data (data mayoritas) dengan baik dan mengoptimasi inisialisasi bobot pada classifier. Penelitian ini mengimplementasikan Deep Belief Network (DBN) sebagai pre-training dan Deep Neural Network (DNN) sebagai classifier. Data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah dataset ion channel, GPCR, dan nuclear receptor yang bersumber dari pangkalan data KEGG BRITE, BRENDA, SuperTarget, dan DrugBank. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan pada dataset tersebut, pre-training berupa ekstraksi fitur memberikan efek optimasi dilihat dari peningkatan performa model DNN pada akurasi (3-4.5%), AUC (4.5%), precision (5.9-6%), dan F-measure (3.8%). Abstract Drug repositioning is the reuse of an existing drug to treat a new disease other than its original medical indication. Drug repositioning can be done by predicting the interaction of drug compounds with disease proteins that react positively. One of the challenges in predicting the interaction of compounds and proteins is imbalanced data. Deep semi-supervised learning can be an alternative to handle prediction models with imbalanced data. The unsupervised learning based pre-training process in deep semi-supervised learning can represent input from unlabeled data (majority data) properly and optimize initialization of weights on the classifier. This study implements the Deep Belief Network (DBN) as a pre-training with Deep Neural Network (DNN) as a classifier. The data used in this study are ion channel, GPCR, and nuclear receptor dataset sourced from KEGG BRITE, BRENDA, SuperTarget, and DrugBank databases. The results of this study indicate that pre-training as feature extraction had an optimization effect. This can be seen from DNN performance improvement in accuracy (3-4.5%), AUC (4.5%), precision (5.9-6%), and F-measure (3.8%).

Abstract Background Few nutritional markers reflect the hypermetabolic state of athletes with high levels of skeletal muscle. Although branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) play crucial roles in protein metabolism in skeletal muscle, the relationship between skeletal muscle mass and amino acid imbalances caused by the metabolism of BCAA and aromatic amino acids remains unclear. The aim of this study is to test the hypothesis that athletes with high levels of skeletal muscle mass have plasma amino acid imbalances, assessed by serum BCAA to tyrosine ratio (BTR) which can be measured conveniently. Methods The study enrolled 111 young Japanese men: 70 wrestling athletes and 41 controls. None of them were under any medications, extreme dietary restrictions or intense exercise regimens. Each participant’s body composition, serum concentrations of albumin and rapid turnover proteins including transthyretin and transferrin, BTR, and thyroid function were assessed. Results Compared to the controls, the athletes had significantly higher skeletal muscle index (SMI) (p

In recent years, there have been numerous slum settlements in Indonesia that were transformed into tourist villages established by creative movements with an artistic approach. As a prominent aspect of the Penta helix, online media is considered a fundamental role in publicizing creative campaigns. This research utilizes the content analysis method to know how a designated space surfaces from a creative movement - the urban design elements of a tourist village’s inauguration, visualized by the media. Analysis of three tourist villages reveals two distinct patterns of tourist village coverage by the media: attractive city design elements that encourage social activities (Kampung Dago Pojok) and the unique form and massing as its picturesque appeal (Kampung Warna-Warni & Kampung Pelangi). Observational data shows that the internet has influenced the fabrication of tourist villages supported by creative movements with various urban design approaches.

Semakin banyaknya persaingan pada penyedia layanan belanja online e-commerce, membuat perusahaan harus mempunyai keunggulan yang lebih dibandingkan dengan kompetitor sejenis. Strategi yang dapat dilakukan salah satunya adalah meningkatkan ekuitas merek perusahaan yang dapat memberikan nilai lebih bagi pelanggan sehingga dapat meningkatkan penjualan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan pendekatan secara kuantitatif melalui penyebaran kuisioner terhadap pengguna e-commerce yang ada di Indonesia. Analisis data menggunakan alat SmartPls 3.0 dengan tujuan melihat realibilitas dan validitas instrumen dan pengujian hipotesis. Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap kepuasan pelanggan dan berimplikasi pada niat pelanggan, namun hasil lain menyatakan bahwa tidak adanya pengaruh brand equity terhadap customer engagement dikarenakan adanya model bisnis yang berbeda antara e-commerce B2B dan B2C. pada akhirnya penelitian ini berkontribusi pada pembangunan model penelitian terkait pemasaran ekuitas merek dan penggunaan strategi ekuitas merek yang dapat digunakan oleh pemasar online.

Turunnya minat generasi muda terhadap sektor pertanian menjadi salah satu masalah serius yang harus dihadapi dan diantisipasi. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengedukasi siswa agar bercocok tanam dengan metode yang lebih mudah sehingga dapat membuka pandangan tentang bercocok tanam dan meningkatkan minat siswa untuk berkebun di SD Muhammadiyah 3 Surakarta. Metode kajian yang digunakan adalah systematic review. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa edukasi pertanian terhadap siswa dapat dilakukan melalui bertanam dengan metode microgreen. Pemberian materi dilakukan secara daring dengan membagi video tutorial penanaman metode microgreen dan memonitor perkembangan proses edukasi pertanian di SD Muhammadiyah 3 Surakarta. Dengan demikian, setelah pandemi COVID-19 berakhir, dan sekolah mulai dibuka, siswa dapat melanjutkan kegiatan bercocok tanam melalui kebun sekolah aktif. Kendala dalam program ini adalah keterbatasan proses edukasi karena hanya menggunakan metode pembelajaran secara daring (dalam jaringan).

Characterization of eggplant endophyte bacteria and rhizobacteria as well as their antagonistic ability against Ralstonia solanacearum. Bacterial wilt caused by Ralsonia solanacearum is one of important diseases causing severe loses in eggplant production. Various strategies were used to manage bacterial wilt, including planting resistant varieties, soil amandement, and soil solarization. However, management of R. solanacearum in eggplant by using endophytic bacteria and rhizobacteria were not been done that much. The objective of this study was to: (1) characterization of endophytic and rhizobacteria; (2) determines the inhibition ability of endophytic and rhizobacteria isolates against R. solanacearum pathogen on eggplant. The laboratory experiment was arranged in completely randomized design with 5 treatments and 5 replications. The double layer method using yeast peptone glucose agar (YPGA) medium was used in vitro test. Based on the morphological characteristics these isolates were suspected as a member of genus Bacillus. Among the isolates used in this study, TK isolate showed the best capability to inhibit growth of R. solanacearum.

The objective of the present study was to develop and evaluate a sustained release vaginal progesterone (P4) capsule containing a mixture of mucoadhesive polymer and silicone fluid. Goats were administered a gelatin capsule containing 0.4 g of P4 mixed in silicone fluid and either a hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HM) or polyaclil starch (PA) base. The mean plasma P4 concentrations at 2 and 12 h after administration were significantly higher in goats treated with PA capsules than in those with HM capsules. The plasma P4 concentrations in goats treated with HM capsules increased and remained above 1.0 ng/ml for 96 h after administration, whereas the plasma P4 concentrations in goats treated with PA capsules remained above 1.0 ng/ml for only 24 h after administration. In the next experiment, an HM capsule was attached to a silicone device and inserted in the vagina for 10 days. The plasma P4 concentration remained similar to that of the natural luteal phase for 9 days. These results suggest that a mixture of mucoadhesive polymer and silicone fluid has the potential to be applied clinically as a sustained release base for estrus synchronization or hormonal therapy.

This research was aimed at synthesizing metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) based on zinc(II) and a benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylate (BTC) linker in combination with graphite as anode material in lithium-ion batteries. The MOFs were prepared using sonochemical and solvothermal methods, which led to different materials: [Zn3(BTC)2·12H2O] (MOF 1) and [Zn(BTC)·H2O·3DMF] (MOF 2). The produced materials were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric/differential thermal analysis (TG/DTA), and a battery analyzer. Refinement of the XRD data was performed using the Rietica and Le Bail method. Sharp and intense peaks indicated that the materials had a high degree of crystallinity. The morphology of the materials as analyzed by SEM was cubic, with an average crystal size of 8.377 ± 4.276 µm for MOF 1 and a larger size of 16.351 ± 3.683 µm for MOF 2. MOF 1 was thermally stable up to 378.7 °C while MOF 2 remained stable up to 341.8 °C, as demonstrated by thermogravimetric analysis. The employment of the synthesized materials as anode in a lithium ion battery was proved to yield higher specific capacity and cycle stability compared to those using a graphite anode. The lithium-ion battery with 5 wt% MOF 1 exhibited the highest performance with an efficiency of 97.28%, and charge and discharge specific capacities of 123.792 and 120.421 mAh/g, respectively.

Rona Kartika,1 Dyah Purnamasari,2 Saraswati Pradipta,1 Rahma A Larasati,3 Heri Wibowo4 1Master Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia; 2Division of Metabolic Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia; 3Department of Biomedicines, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia; 4Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, IndonesiaCorrespondence: Heri WibowoDepartment of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, IndonesiaTel +62-812-8328-1905Email bowoheri04@gmail.comPurpose: In this study, we analyzed the production of interferon γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin 10 (IL-10) by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We aimed to investigate the capacity of monocytes to produce tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) following IFN-γ stimulation and the associated role of IL-10 in TNF-α and IL-6 production.Patients and Methods: In vitro experiments were conducted on PBMCs obtained from 19 patients with T2DM and 17 healthy participants. PBMCs were isolated from venous blood by density gradient centrifugation, followed by 3-day phytohemagglutinin induction. In vitro production of TNF-α, IL-6, IFN-γ, and IL-10 was measured using the multiplex immunoassay. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS 23 version.Results: IFN-γ concentration in the T2DM group was significantly lower than that in control group (T2DM 7,700.86 ± 3,037.77 vs control 10,672.69 ± 5,625.50 pg/mL; p = 0.048). However, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10 levels showed no significant difference between the two groups. The TNF-α/IFN-γ and IL-6/IFN-γ ratios were significantly higher in T2DM than in the control group (p = 0.026 and p = 0.048, respectively). In T2DM, the high TNF-α/IFN-γ ratio was consistent, with the low baseline IL-10 level (p = 0.022).Conclusion: In T2DM, T-cell response is impaired with significantly reduced IFN-γ production, and simultaneously, circulatory monocytes show enhanced cellular responsiveness to inflammatory stimuli. The low baseline IL-10 level likely contributes to such an immune response.Keywords: type 2 diabetes mellitus, proinflammatory response, cytokines

Objective: The treatment of hypertension requires special attention because of comorbidities and polypharmacy. In a previous study, polypharmacy has been associated with a high risk of drug-related problems (DRPs). This study aimed to analyze DRPs in Indonesian hypertensive patients focusing on drug therapy effectiveness and adverse drug reactions. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using medical records' data, prescriptions, and nursing records to observe DRPs that occurred in outpatients with hypertension from February to April 2019. A total of 114 outpatients aged ≥23 years with a primary diagnosis of primary hypertension were included in this study. DRPs were reviewed based on literature, recent guidelines, and drug interaction software. Classification DRPs were done using Indonesian-translated Pharmaceutical Care Network Europe V6.02. The data obtained were analyzed using univariate descriptive analysis. Findings: Of all participants, 65 (57%) outpatients were found to have DRPs related to treatment effectiveness (54 cases) and adverse drug reactions (36 cases). The primary cause of the problems was an inappropriate drug (94.14%) and dose selection (2.86%). Potential drug interactions were found high (62.14%) in the combination of an antihypertensive agent with other drugs among patients. Overprescribing drugs without clear indications, untreated indications, and subtherapeutic dosage were also reported in this study. Conclusion: A significant percentage of outpatients being treated for hypertension experienced DRPs. The role of clinical pharmacists and physicians in monitoring drug therapy needs to be prioritized to prevent and resolve DRPs in outpatients with hypertension.

Dairy cow health status affects to milk production and contributes to the profit in many types of dairy management. Locomotion score has been used to determine the qualitative performance score of dairy cows. Investigations on dairy cow located in Wagir Malang were obtained to assess the qualitative performance of participated cow. Selecting participated cow to assure the potential of superior bull from his pedigree in progeny test. There were 85 dairy cows belongs to the smallholder dairy farmer contributed to this research. The result showed that Chest Width 20.99 ± 2.63 cm; Body Depth 79.58 ± 4.79 cm; Rump Angle -2.59 ± 2.43°; Thurl Width 16.46 ± 1.71 cm; Rear Leg Side View 146.82 ± 6.08°; Rear Leg Rear View 15.96 ± 4.19°; Font Foot Angle 42.94 ± 4.81° and Rear Foot Angle 40.12 ± 5.09°. It can be concluded that the qualitative performance of participated cow shows moderate performance based on the standard performance of FH. It is necessary to select the participated cow to improve milk yield of its pedigree and qualitative performance score can be used as the basis of breeding program.