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Background: In Malawi, cancer is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality. This has led to increased use of herbal medicines for cancer management. Objective: This study aimed at identifying medicinal plants that are used for the management of cancer in the southern area of Karonga district, Northern Malawi. Methods: Semi-structured individual questionnaire interviews were used to collect ethnobotanical data from traditional herbal practitioners in the study area. Results: A total of twenty six (26) plant species from seventeen (17) botanical families were reported by Traditional Herbal Practitioners to be effective in the management of cancer. The botanical families with representation of more than one plant species were Fabaceae with five species, followed by Combretaceae and the Anacardiaceae with three species each, and Meliaceaewith with two species. The relative frequency of citation (RFC) showed that Senna singueana (RFC = 0.833), Lannea discolour (RFC = 0.833), Melia azedarach (RFC = 0.667), and Moringa oleifera (RFC = 0.667) were the medicinal plant species which were frequently mentioned and used in the study. The recipes could be a mixture of plant species or plant parts such as the leaves, barks, roots, rhizomes, seeds, flowers, and fruits. Conclusion: The study showed that a potential cancer management drug could be developed from the medicinal plant species found in the area. The results of this study could provide baseline information on medicinal plant species for further phytochemical studies and other studies to validate their use.

Aims: Leaf epidermal morphology and petiole anatomy of seven Lannea species namely; Lannea velutina, Lannea kerstingii, Lannea egregia, Lannea schimperii, Lannea acida, Lannea microcarpa, and Lannea edulis in Nigeria were investigated to provide new taxonomic characters that could help in proper identification and delimitation of the taxa. Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out in the Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, University of Jos, Nigeria between August 2020 and March 2021. Methodology: Transverse sections of petioles were cut using a rotary microtome and epidermal peels were made. Staining was done using Safranin and slides observed using a light microscope. Results: Stomatal distribution was hypostomatic except for L. velutina and L. edulis with amphistomatic distribution. Three stomata types are found; paracytic occurring in L. velutina, L. edulis and L. egregia, cyclocytic in L. schimperii and L. microcarpa and anomocytic in L. kerstingii and L. acida. Stomata index vary among taxa with L. egregia and L. acida having the highest (22.43%) and lowest (12.17%) respectively. The epidermal cell shape was polygonal in all the species and anticlinal wall patterns were straight to slightly curved. Unicellular/multicellular uniseriate trichomes were observed in L. schimperii, L. egregia and L. kerstingii distinguishing them from other species. Petiole outlines were circular to oval, epidermis was uniseriate and vascular bundles are collateral. Presence of continuous sclerenchyma rings surrounding the vascular bundles in L. kerstingii and L. microcarpa serve as a distinguishing character. Other distinguishing characters are presence of crystals, druses and phenolic idioblasts. A taxonomic key was produced using the anatomical character as an aid to the identification of the species. Conclusion: Variations observed in the stomata types, petiole outline, petiole vasculature type, trichome type and stomata index could be employed for species identification and delimitation.

Aim: The current study determined phytochemical constituents evaluated the acute and sub-chronic toxic profiles of Lannea acida methanol leaves extract (LAMLE) in Wistar albino rats Methodology: The phytochemical screening of LAMLE was conducted using standard methods. A total of 31 male albino rats were used for the antioxidant studies. A total of 31 male albino rats were used for the toxicological study. The LD50 was determined using six (6) rats according to OECD, 2001 using fixed limit dose. For the sub-chronic study, the rats were divided into five (5) groups of five (5) rats. Control group (group 1) received distilled water orally 2ml/kg. Groups (2-5) received doses of 250, 500, 1000, 2000 mg/kg of the extracts. The experiment lasted for 28 days. Results: The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of Flavonoids, Phenols, Tannins, Saponins, Alkaloids and Steroids. The LD50 of the extract was found to be greater than 5000mg/kg. There were significant reduction in the concentration of ALT, ALP and ALB (P0.05) from the control. The sub-chronic dose of 2000mg/kg of the extracts shows significant (P

Lannea microcarpa, is one of the species of medicinal plants used in medicine and traditional pharmacopoeia for the treatment of human pathologies in Africa. This review focuses on the ethnobotanical and ethnopharmacological previous studies of Lannea microcarpa. Some information on phytochemical makeup and its effects on human health are already documented. However, information concerning its ethnopharmaceutical and phytopharmaceutical potential is scarce and poorly documented. These data were obtained by documentary researches using different scientific sites such as Google Scholar, Science Direct, Scopus, ResearchGate, PubMed, and SCIENCEDOMAIN, from theses, dissertations and scientific articles. Additional information was obtained from classic books about herbal medicine and others scientific databases. Ethnobotanical surveys carried out have indicated their uses in the management of arterial hypertension. It appears from bibliographic research that Lannea microcarpa has vasorelaxant, hypotensive and antihypertensive effects, etc. Other studies have shown the presence of phytochemicals of interest for the management of high blood pressure. However, their use in traditional forms does not make it possible to guarantee the stability of medicinal preparations. Quality control and standardization studies were carried out in order to define the optimal conditions for guaranteeing effectiveness. This article gives an overview of previous studies carried out on the plant in order to have data for the improvement of its use.

Lannea welwitschii (Hiern) Engl. Bas.: Calesiam welwitschii Hiern Small tree, in wooded savannah and open forest. C.N.: mukumbi, umbi (kb). Uses: medicinal. Conservation: LC (IUCN 2017); VU (MINAMB 2018a) F.Monteiro 621 (LUAI, LISC), Published as part of Monteiro, Francisca, Costa, Esperança Da, Kissanga, Raquel, Costa, José Carlos & Catarino, Luís, 2022, An annotated checklist of the vascular flora of Quiçama National Park, Angola, pp. 1-67 in Phytotaxa 557 (1) on page 17, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.557.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6985699, {"references":["IUCN. (2017) IUCN Red List of Threatened species. Vers. 3, May 2017. Available from: www. iucnredlist. org (accessed 10 December 2021).","MINAMB (Ministerio do Ambiente de Angola). (2018 a) Lista vermelha de especies de Angola extintas, ameacadas de extincao, vulneraveis e invasoras. Ministerio do Ambiente, Luanda, 45 pp."]}

Lannea antiscorbutica (Hiern) Engl. Bas.: Calesiam antiscorbutica Hiern Small tree, in wooded savannah and open forest. C.N.: mukumbi (kb). Uses: medicinal. F.Monteiro 902 (LUAI, LISC), Published as part of Monteiro, Francisca, Costa, Esperança Da, Kissanga, Raquel, Costa, José Carlos & Catarino, Luís, 2022, An annotated checklist of the vascular flora of Quiçama National Park, Angola, pp. 1-67 in Phytotaxa 557 (1) on page 17, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.557.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6985699

Leaves of Lannea coromandelica (Houtt.) Merr. is one of the plants found in Aceh. This study aims to determine the effect of giving water extract of Lannea coromandellica (Houtt.) Merr. against STZ-induced blood sugar levels of wistar rats. The experimental study used a sample of 25 male and 15 female Wistar rats. This research is experimental with a sample of 25 male and 15 female of Wistar rats. The treatments were given, namely negative control (aquades), positive control (metformin), 50 mg EALC, 100 mg EALC, and 150 mg EALC. The data obtained will be analyzed by using the Kruskal Wallis test to obtain the effectiveness of the treatment and also a descriptive analysis for the average reduction in blood glucose levels. Macro and histological observations were also carried out on the liver and pancreas. The results obtained from the Kruskal Wallis test results showed that there was no effect of EALC on changes in the decrease in blood glucose levels of wistar rats for 14 days of treatment. Observation of the macro organs showed pancreas had a changes. While the histological observations pancreas and liver showed changes. The results of this study indicate that the effectiveness of EALC is not proven to have an effect, this is presumably because the extract concentration is too small so it is not enough to work optimally. Phytochemical test shows that EALC contains flavonoids, steroids, phenolics, tannins, saponins and alkaloids.

The use of modern drugs to manage hypertension and diabetes is enough expensive and requires constant monitoring of the patient due to the chronicity and complications of these diseases. Thus, the populations of southern Burkina Faso have opted for the use of plants, including Parkia biglobosa (Jacq.) R.Br. ex G. Don, Sclerocarya birrea (A. Rich.) Hochst, Lannea acida A. Rich, Lannea microcarpa Engl. & K. Krause and Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Delile. To better contribute to preserving these five target species, the present study analyses the floristic diversity of the different vegetation types in which they occur, assesses their availability and determines the health status of their stands. To achieve this, a floristic inventory was conducted in 109 plots, including 26 plots of 500 m2 in riparian forests, 22 of 2500 m2 in fallows 31, 18 and 12 of 1000 m2 in tree savannahs, shrub savannahs and fenced areas, respectively. The diameter at breast height (dbh) of each individual of the target species was measured in each plot and its health status assessed. Results showed that species diversity varied significantly among vegetation types. According to the Shannon index, riparian forests were the most diversified (H = 2.62 ± 0.02 bits). Lannea microcarpa, Lannea acida, Sclerocarya birrea, and Balanites aegyptiaca were very frequent (Ri ≤ 60) to moderately frequent (60

Banyuwangi is an area that has the longest coastline in East Java, with a length of 175.8 km. one of the coastal potentials is the mangrove ecosystem. Pantai Sari is one of the locations that has the potentials to be developed in Banyuwangi regency. This beach is a forest area in the city of Banyuwangi. In general, they have natural charateristics, many pine trees have been planted since 2015. The purpose of this study was to obtain data on the diversity of mangroves in river and coastal areas at Pantai Sari. The method used is descriptive quantitative, with data collection using nested plot method with a distance of 20 m between plots. The results showed that there are 7 species mangroves were found in the river, namely Avicennia officinalis , Rhizophora apiculata , Sonneratia caseolaris , Lannea coramandelica , Erythrina costaricensis , dan Thespesia populnea . The highest number of individuals was Rhizophora apiculata with number 1,291 individu, and the lowest number was Erythrina costaricensis and Thespesia populnea . The other hand, there was 5 species mangroves in the coastal area, namely Casuarina cunninghamiana , Casuarina equisetifolia , Lannea coramandelica , Terminalia catappa , dan Thespesia populnea . The highest number of individuals was pine beach ( Casuarina equisetifolia ) with number 122 individu, and the lowest number was waru laut ( Thespesia populnea ) with number 1 individu

Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) is a major pest of many agricultural and ornamental crops responsible for damages that cause significant economic losses. Insecticides are commonly used in the field to control populations of B. tabaci leading to rapid development of resistance making the use of insecticides ineffective. Therefore, other strategies must be developed for the management this pest. Herein, we compare the toxicity of Lannea velutina, Combretum micrantum, Combretum paniculatum, Lannea kerstingii seed oils and three fractions (acetone, chloroform and hexane of Lannea kerstingii) to three conventional insecticides (acetamiprid, deltamethrin and chlorpyriphos-ethyl used as a positive control) using the leaf dip method. Two biotypes of B. tabaci (MED-Q1 and MED-Q3) belonging to Mediterranean species and collected in Burkina Faso were used. We have shown that the two biotypes have different levels of resistance compare to the three insecticides, with MED-Q3 being most susceptible. On the other hand, both biotypes are most susceptible to plant extracts compare to the insecticides, with the exception of chlorpyrifos-ethyl. Our results indicate that seeds oils can be an alternative to chemical control.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Lannea microcarpa is an African herbal medicinal plant by pan-African distribution and has huge native medicinal and non-medicinal applications. The plant is being used traditionally as a medicine for many diseases such as mouth blisters, rheumatism, dysentery, sore throat, as a dressing on boils, as a cathartic, livestock feed, diarrhoea, gastroenteritis, malaria, dysentery, infection from bacteria, toothaches, gastroenteritis, female infertility, in blood pressure, oedema, coughing, cathartic, poisoning, and burns. It is also used in the manufacture of the cloths termed ‘basilan fini’ widely related to the concept of healing (medicine applied on cloth). Aim of the Review: This review aims to assemble an up-to-date review of the advancement made in the continuous pharmacological and phytochemical study of Lannea microcarpa and the consistent commercial and therapeutic application of it. These findings provide guide to the upcoming research on this plant. Methods: The assessment is systematically directed by searching the database of MEDLINE, PubMed, Springer, BMC, the Web of Knowledge, Google Scholar, ChemSpider and Science Direct for original research articles and books using related search terms. Result: Pharmacological studies verified the capability of this plant as it showed antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial activities. Bioactive constituents are found to be present in all parts of the plant. So far, this plant having high antioxidant capabilities, Lannea microcarpa is composed of many chemical compounds such as vitexin, lipids, proteins & amino acids, epi-catechin, gallic acid, myricetin, iso-Vitexin, fatty acid, carbohydrates, and tannins. This plant possesses antioxidant and antimicrobial properties owing to the presence of polyphenolics & flavonoids constituents. Novel compounds with the potent antiinflammatory effects such as 4’-methoxy-myricetin 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside, myricetin 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside, and myricetin 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside among others, have been identified. Microparticles formulation of Lannea microcarpa was also prepared and further studies are still going on.

Lannea coromandelica Houtt have multiple pharmacological activities including anti-inflammatory, aphrodisiac hypotensive, anti microbial, ulcerative stomatitis, wound healing, leprosy, gout, elephantiasis and cholera. Therefore, the present study is taken up to evaluate the hypolipidemic activity of ethanolic leaf extract of L.coromandelica. The ethanolic leaf extract was evaluated for its acute toxicity (2000mg/kg) and for hypolipidemic activity (100 and 200 mg/kg) in Triton X-100 (100mg/kg, i.p) induced model for 7 days. However, the obtained statistical data indicated a significant decrease in the total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL cholesterol, VLDL cholesterol and increase in the HDL cholesterol, with reference to the standard drug Atorvastatin (10mg/kg,p.o). These results revealed that L. coromandelica has beneficial effect in reducing the blood lipid levels indicating its efficient hypolipidemic activity. Keywords: Lannea coromandelica, Atorvastatin, Triton-X, Hyperlipidemia.

Medicinal plants can serve as a prominent source of bioactive secondary metabolites which can exert beneficial effects to combat against many human diseases. Lannea grandis (Dennst.) Engl, a member of Anacardiaceae family has several applications in the ethnomedical practices. In this study, the ethanol extract of L. grandis leaf (ELG) along with its petroleum-ether and chloroform fractions were subjected to phytochemical analysis along with the evaluation of antimicrobial, anti-diarrheal, and sedative activities using standard protocols. Phytochemical screening was performed according to common phytochemical tests. Antimicrobial assay was carried out by disc diffusion method where the ethanol extract of L. grandis showed significant activity against tested bacterial species (zone of inhibitions = 10.8±0.85 to 13.8±1.84 mm). The same extract also exhibited the highest antifungal activity against Blastomyces dermatitidis (zone of inhibition = 20.5±0.35 mm). The chloroform fraction of L. grandis at the dose of 400 mg/kg body weight produced a significant (p

The persistent resistance of micro-organisms necessitates the need to intensify studies on the use of possible strategies for proper control of pathogens using extracts from natural products. The stem bark of Lannea acida was extracted by two methods of extraction: Cold and Soxhlet (continuous) extraction. The extract of the stem bark was screened to confirm the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins and cardiac glycosides in all the samples of ethanol and hexane/acetone/methanol mixture extracts. The phytochemicals examined varied among the stem bark extracts of other solvents (hexane, chloroform, acetone, and methanol). The result of the antimicrobial test shows that the stem bark extracts exhibited efficacy against some microbes (Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes) that were employed for the study by exhibiting clear inhibition/clearance zones against these microbes which ranges from 06 mm -21 mm. The plant stem bark could therefore be seen as a potential natural source for useful antimicrobial drugs.

Hyperlipidemia and hypercholesterolemia are interrelated terms and the same course of disorders which raise the serum levels of cholesterol and triglycerides. Herbs are used for treating diseases and used in the traditional systems of medicines like Ayurveda. As science is evolving, research to prove the pharmacological activity of the herbs and establishing scientific proof is also important. Lannea coramandelica is a native plant for tropical countries like India. It is considered one of the lifesavers of the area with abundant polyphenols, flavonoids, gums and other chemical constituents. Most of the antioxidant chemical components like flavonoids are potent in treating and lowering lipids in the body and reduces the oxidative stress in the human body to process fats. Lannea coramandelica has been proven to have vast amounts of flavonoids and antioxidant principles. Current research has been designed to confirm the hyperlipidemia controlling property of Lannea coramandelica extracts. The Lannea coramandelica extract showed a better hyperlipidemic activity at a dose of 500mg/kg in both the events.

Diabetes, has become a public health problem whose prevalence is increasing in subsahelian Africa. The present study aimed to determine the consensus level of plant use and their antidiabetic potentiality. Thus, a semi-structured interview carried out from May 2014 to April 2018 with 120 traditional healers allowed retaining nine species after selection according to the frequency of citation and the bibliographic review: Crescentia cujete L., Ficus ingens (Miq.) Miq. Ficus platyphylla Delile, Lannea acida A. Rich., Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Delile, Daniellia oliveri (Rolfe) Hutch. & Dalziel, Feretia apodanthera Delile, Cassia italica (Mill.) Lam. ex F.W. Andrews and Boscia angustifolia A. Rich. Phytochemical screening of methanolic and aqueous extracts was performed by high performance thin layer chromatography and the total flavonoids, hydrolyzable and condensed tannins were determined by spectrophotometer method. Results showed that thirty-seven, fifty-five and sixty-five species were inventoried in the provinces of Bazega, Zounweogo and Sanmatenga respectively but the Informant Consensual Factor related to the plant use remains low (FIC

Screening ‘new’ medicinal plants of traditional importance for bioactive components is a sure way of discovering novel therapeutic agents to treat diseases. This study, therefore investigated the presence of phytochemical, antioxidant and antibacterial components of the extracts of Lannea egregia. Phytochemical screening was done by standard methods. Antibacterial activity of the extracts of Lannea egregia was determined by agar well diffusion method while the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by agar dilution method. The antioxidant capacity of the crude extracts was determined through the evaluation of total flavonoid content, total phenolic content, ferric reducing power, total antioxidant capacity and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl. The phytochemical screening of the different parts of this plant revealed the presence of tannins, saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids, emodins, phlobatannins, anthocyanins, coumarins and phenolics. Phlobatannins was observed to be absent in the stem bark. The crude extracts obtained from the leaves, stem bark and roots of this plant exhibited good antibacterial activity against typed strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. The diameter of the zone of inhibition ranged from 9.0 to 26.0 mm at 100 mg/mL for all the plant parts. The ethyl acetate leaf extract of this plant possessed the highest antibacterial activity with MIC and MBC values of the range of (3.125 to ˃50 mg/mL) and (12.5 to ˃50 mg/mL) respectively. The zone inhibition of the chromatographic fractions of both plants ranged 15-23 mm. Antioxidant study of the extracts of the leaf of L. egregia revealed that the ethyl acetate and methanol extracts have good antioxidant potentials comparable to that of ascorbic acid control. This study has revealed that the extracts from different parts of L. egregia possess good antibacterial and antioxidant activities which could be a function of the various phytochemicals detected in the plant. Keywords: Lannea egregia, Phytochemical, Antibacterial, Antioxidant, Column chromatography.

Tuberculosis had been a stubborn disease that human beings are combating with from ages. It is a disease that affects the pulmonary system, basically the trachea and upper respiratory organs. It is caused by bacteria called Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Bacteria in the respiratory tract will cause infection and inflammation in the respiratory passages. It leads to narrowing and pain, which results in difficulty in breathing. There had been raising the confidence of the safety and potency of the herbs and medicinal plants. We have been using herbs to treat many diseases. The diseases that are caused primarily due to the viruses and bacteria are effectively treated using herbs in the traditional systems of medicine. One such plant is Lannea coramandelica which is proven to treat many diseases and is rich in polyphenols and flavonoids. The leaves of lannea were extracted using various solvents based on the polarity. It was then investigated for the anti-bacterial property against mycobacterium tuberculosis. All the extracts showed potency by inhibiting the bacteria, but Methanol and aqueous extracts showed a significantly better activity compared to the standard.

Background Imidacloprid, a neonicotinoid insecticide, has been associated to severe reproductive toxicity in mammals. Although some preventive measures have been reported, curative strategies are yet to be explored. The present study was designed to investigate the alleviating effects of Lannea acida on the reproductive toxicity of colibri®, a commercial formulation of imidacloprid, in adult male rats. Materials and methods Seventy rats were orally administered with colibri® (22.5 mg/kg, 10 mL/kg) for 14 days and treated for other 14 or 28 days with either aqueous or methanol extracts of L. acida (170 or 340 mg/kg). Control animals were similarly treated with clomiphene citrate or vitamin E. Sexual organ weights, spermatozoa characteristics, sexual hormones, stress markers and testis histology were evaluated at the end of each treatment period. Results Colibri® exposition induced reproductive toxicity marked by a decrease in sex organ weights, spermatozoa count, motility and viability. Colibri® also decreased testosterone, luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone concentrations and increased testicular oxidative stress. Spermatozoa morphology and testis histology were also severely altered. Similar to clomiphene citrate and vitamin E, treatment with L. acida extracts significantly (p ≤ 0.05–0.001) reversed the above-mentioned damages, especially after 28 days of treatment with aqueous (340 mg/kg) and methanol (170 mg/kg) extracts. Conclusion Present results indicate that L. acida exerts curative effects against colibri®-induced male reproductive toxicity. These results justify the use of this plant as fertility enhancer and suggest that it could be an alternative in the management of pesticide-derived male infertility.

In general, anti-inflammatory drugs that currently available have great side effects. One of plant that suspected have anti-inflammatory effect is Kayu Jawa ( Lannea coromandelic (Houtt). Merr). Objective of this research is to determine anti-inflammatory effect and effective concentration from extract ethanol Kayu Jawa leaves. First treatment was start with rats group divided into 5 groups that initial foot volume have been measured, then 0.3 mL of 1% lambda carrageenan solution injected to rat’s left foot as inducer, then foot volume measured again. Furthermore, rat groups were given oral induction, 1 st group were given NaCMC as control group, 2 nd group were given Diclofenac Sodium as drugs control group, then 3 rd , 4 th , and 5 th as test group were given ethanol extract of Kayu Jawa leaves 75 mg/kgBW, 150 mg/kgBW, and 300 mg/kgBW. Foot volume measured again using plestimometer every 1 hour for 5 hours. The result showed that with 75 mg/kgBW, 150 mg/kgBW dan 300 mg/kgBW of ethanol extract Kayu Jawa leaves have ability to reduce rat’s foots volume that induce with carrageenan. Ethanol extract of Kayu Jawa leaves with dosage 300 mg/kgBW have bigger percentage of reducing rat’s foots volume (56.30%) than the other groups.

Background: Bacterial infections are at the origin of a number of serious pathologies, including meningitis, bronchopneumopathies, typhoid fever and especially diarrhea, which are still a real public health problem for the child population in developing countries. In most of these countries, people use medicinal plants for primary health care. The objective of this study was to determine the content of phenolic compounds, the antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of extracts from two plants used in traditional medicine in Burkina Faso, Lannea velutina and Ximenia americana. Place and Duration of Study: Laboratory of Biochemistry and Applied Chemistry (LABIOCA). Methods: The total phenolics and flavonoid content of the ethanolic extract extracts were determined by spectrometric assay. The DPPH and FRAP method were used to measure the antioxidant capacity of the extracts. The antibacterial potential was determined on five bacterial strains. Results: The ethanolic extracts of Lannea velutina showed the best polyphenol content with 969.67±8.23 ​​mgGAE/g extract against 753.145917±66.31 mgGAE/g extract for Ximenia americana. On the DPPH radical Ximenia americana gave the best activity with a percentage inhibition of 62.32±0.17% compared to Lannea velutina. This species also gave the best reducing activity with a reducing capacity of 3.45±0.97 mmol EAA/10 g of extract. Shigella dysenteria and Staphylococcus aureus were susceptible to Lannea velutina and Ximenia americana with inhibition diameters greater than 8 mm. Conclusion: These results showed that the extract has good antioxidant potential as well as antimicrobial activity. These extracts could be used to prevent damage from oxidative stress and infections.

Aims: This study investigated the antioxidant activity and the 90 days subchronic toxicity of the standardized LAMIC phytomedicine prototype based on aqueous extracts from Lannea microcarpa trunk bark. Methods: Three spectrophotometric methods were used to evaluated the antioxidant activity of LAMIC which were 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical, 2,2’-azinobis(3-ethylbenzolin-6-sulphonate) (ABTS) radical scavenging assays and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. For the standardized LAMIC subchronic toxicity study, male and female Wistar rats were used by daily oral administration at doses of 500, 1000 and 1500 mg/kg bw consecutively for 90 days. Results: The LAMIC extract exhibit better inhibitory activity against DPPH radical than ABTS radical with respective IC50 values of 45.38±3.21 µg/mL and 66.45±18.76 µg/mL, while FRAP assay exhibit antioxidant activity of 211.34±15.92 mmol EAA/g. Subchronic oral administration of LAMIC was well-tolerated at all tested doses. No behavioral and physiological changes and mortality were observed. The LAMIC extract did not present any impact on general hematological parameters and biochemical parameters. Moreover, no significant changes were raised in organ and body weight of treated groups compared to the Control group. Conclusion: These results support that LAMIC prototype was a valuable source of natural antioxidants and no toxicity was associated to its long terms oral consumption in rats indicating a potential application as a cardiovascular protective formulation. Keywords: LAMIC–Lannea microcarpa–Standardization–Antioxidant–Subchronic toxicity.

Aims: Physico-chemical, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and Cold saponification was carried out on Lannea microcarpa (Wild grape) seed oil with the aim of identifying the quality and quantity of the oil and its suitability in soap production. Study Design: Experimental and instrumental study was done to determine the physicochemical characteristics, fatty acids present in the seed oil and its suitability for soap production. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at the Biochemistry Laboratory, Kebbi State University of Science and Technology, Aliero, Nigeria from May to June, 2014. Methodology: The hexane extract of the sample was obtained by complete extraction using Soxhlet extractor, physicochemical analysis was carried out. A gas chromatography coupled with mass spectroscopy detector (GC-MS) system was used for the qualitative fatty acid determination. Simple cold method saponification was used in producing the soap. Results: The powdered seed (50 g) yielded 59.21±0.01% of the oil. Results from the physicochemical analysis showed the seed oil to be dark purple in colour and partially soluble in water with the acid, iodine, saponification and peroxide values at 16± 0.01 mgKOH/g, 121.6±0.1 gI2/100 g, 231.25±0.02 mgKOH/g, 3.02±0.01 meq H2O2respectively. The relative density and refractive index of the oil are at 0.5983±0.0001 (g/cm3) and 1.43±0.01 respectively. Qualitative GC-MS revealed the following fatty acids; Decanoic acid, Palmitic acid, Stearic acid, Margaric acid, 1-octadecanoic acid, Oleic and Erucic acid. The soap produced from the seed oil has pH and Foam height, 10.18±0.01 and 105.1±0.1 (cm³) respectively. Conclusion: The present study on seeds of wild grape revealed that the oil is a viable natural product that can be utilized in thefood and cosmetic industry.

Bowel occlusions by bezoars are rare pathologies. They are due to an ob-struction of the intestinal lumen by a solid mass of fruits or undigested vegetable fibers. They are seasonal (wild fruit season from March to June) in the Sahel Zone. We report a case of small bowel obstruction in a 35-year-old rural man after swallowing a significant amount of wild grapes (Lannea microcarpa). We proceeded to the resection of the occluded ileal segment and performed an ileal terminal ileal anastomosis. There weren’t any complications during the postoperative site.

Lannea egregia (Anacardiaceae) and Emilia sonchifolia (Asteraceae) are plants used in traditional medicine in southwestern Nigeria. The essential oils from the leaves of L. egregia and E. sonchifolia were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Both essential oils were dominated by sesquiterpenoids. The major components in L. egregia leaf essential oil were α-panasinsen (34.90%), (E)-caryophyllene (12.25%), α-copaene (11.39%), and selina-4,11-diene (9.29%), while E. sonchifolia essential oil was rich in γ-himachalene (25.16%), (E)-caryophyllene (15.72%), and γ-gurjunene (8.58%). The essential oils were screened for antimicrobial activity against a panel of bacteria and fungi and displayed minimum inhibitory concentrations ranging from 156 μg/mL to 625 μg/mL. Based on these results, either L. egregia or E. sonchifolia essential oil may be recommended for exploration as complementary antibacterial or antifungal agents.

This study evaluated the growth performance and the leaves type of seedlings from different morphotypes of Lannea microcarpa in the central plateau of Burkina Faso.Then, seeds of Lannea microcarpa were collected from four (4) morphotypes based on their botanical characters and noted as NLs: Lannea sp. from Naab-Mayooghin, MLs: from Mamousyorgo 1, MaLs: fromMamousyorgo2, ZLs: fromZiniare. One hundred seeds per morphotypes were used for the seedlings production in nursery through sowing by using a randomized block design. The leaves type of the produced seedlings was investigated by visual observation. Significant differences in the growth traits of the seedlings were found among the four morphotypes (p < 0,05). The height and the collar diameter of the seedlings were found to be higher in NLs, MaLs and ZLs than those in MLs. Regarding the leaves, it was observed different types among the morphotypes. Seeds from NLs and MLs produced seedlings with both compound and simple leaves while those from ZLs and MaLs produced seedlings with only compound leaves. Generally, all morphotypes exhibited a relatively high growth with production of different types of leaves.

Introduction: Lannea barteri is used in the folkloric treatment of many disease states ranging from epilepsy, diarrhoea, oedema and ulcers, etc. This study investigated the antioxidant and hepatoprotective potentials of methanol (MFLB), n-hexane (nHFLB) and ethyl acetate (EFLB) leaf fractions of L. barteri and identified the active metabolites. Materials and methods: The in vitro models used were 1, 1-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), reducing power and thiobarbituric acid assays while in the in vivo model, carbon tetrachloride-induced oxidative liver damage in albino rats was used, and the biomarkers assayed were aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), malondialdehyde (MDA), serum total protein, serum direct and total bilirubin. Also, histopathological examination of the liver, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) profiling and liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy-electrospray ionization (LC-MS-ESI) analysis of the fractions were done. Results: In the in vitro assays, the decreasing order of DPPH free radical scavenging activity of the ascorbic acid and fractions at 400 μg/ml is as follows: ascorbic acid (86.6%), MFLB (52.8%), EFLB (36.6%), and nHFLB (28.1%). The percentage scavenging activity of the samples at 400 μg/ml in the TBA followed this pattern: ascorbic acid (117.1%), MFLB (82.2%), nHFLB (80.0%), and EFLB (46.9%). The ascorbic acid elicited highest reducing power (42.6%), followed by MFLB (22.5%), nHFLB (13.7%), and EFLB (-0.93%). The in vivo study showed significant (p < 0.0001) reduction in serum AST, ALT, and direct bilirubin with a non-significant reduction in ALP, total bilirubin and MDA, and mild elevation in total protein. Histopathological studies revealed a restorative effect on liver architecture. The phytochemical analyses revealed the presence of resins, terpenoids, flavonoids, carbohydrates, alkaloids, reducing sugar, saponins, tannins and proteins. HPLC-ESI-MS analysis revealed the presence of potentially bioactive compounds in L. barteri fractions. Conclusion: The fractions from L. barteri leaf possessed in vitro antioxidant and hepatoprotective potentials against CCl4-hepatic oxidative damage; therefore, proper isolation and characterization of these identified bioactive compounds responsible for the observed effects are ongoing.

Peptic ulcer disease is one of the most prevalent gastrointestinal disorders causing tremendous human suffering worldwide. The present study was designed to evaluate the antiulcerogenic activity of the methanol and solvent stem bark fractions (hexane, ethyl acetate and butanol) and elucidate their possible antiulcerogenic mechanisms. The antiulcerogenic mechanisms were investigated by estimation of Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Glutathione (GSH), Catalase (CAT), Vitamins A, C and E, Malondialdehyde (MDA) and involvement of KATp channel. Pretreatment with the methanol extract and solvent fractions produce significant reductions in ulcer index in a dose dependent manner. Ethylacetate fraction (EtyAc) showed the highest antiulcer activity. Elevated MDA and decreased levels of SOD, GSH, CAT, Vitamin A, C and E observed in ulcer control groups were significantly decreased and increased respectively in the EtyAc fraction treated groups. Antiulcer activity of the EtyAc fraction was blocked upon coadministration with glibenclamide; a KATp channel blocker. The stem bark extract of Lannea acida possess antiulcerogenic activity and the mechanisms seems to involve antioxidant activity and KATp channel opening.