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В данной статье рассматривается, какими средствами с точки зрения лингвистики достигается реализация профессиональных коммуникативных потребностей, входящих в сферу медицинской коммуникации. Приводится анализ терминологического аппарата, описывающего исследуемое явление, а также различных трактовок изучаемого понятия. В работе обосновывается использование термина «профессиональный язык». Результаты описанного исследования позволяют сделать вывод о том, что профессиональный язык медицинского общения – это широкой спектр средств коммуникации лексического и грамматического плана. При этом говорить о сужении объема хотя бы одного языкового уровня не представляется возможным. Профессиональный язык включает в себя как совокупность общеупотребительных языковых средств, так и особые элементы на лексическом и грамматическом уровнях, при этом общеупотребительные лексические средства могут сочетаться и дополняться профессиональными лексическими единицами, а универсальные грамматические средства в ситуациях общения «врач – врач» подлежат специальному отбору., The article discusses the means by which, from the point of view of linguistics, the realization of professional communicative needs, which are included in the field of medical communication, is achieved. An analysis of the terminological apparatus that describes the phenomenon under study, as well as various interpretations of the concept under study is given. The paper substantiates the use of the term "professional language". The results of the described study allow us to conclude that the professional language of medical communication is a wide range of lexical and grammatical means of communication. At the same time, it is not possible to talk about the narrowing the volume of at least one of the language levels. A professional language includes both a set of commonly used linguistic means and special elements at the lexical and grammatical levels. Common lexical means can be combined and supplemented by professional lexical units, but universal grammar in "doctor - doctor" communication can be subject to special selection., Russian Linguistic Bulletin 3(31) 7.2022, №3(31) (2022)

The present text discusses the definition of the term Polish medical language for the purposes of language teaching. The article consists of six parts. First, the theoretical assumptions of teaching the Polish language of medicine (medical language) are discussed. Then the description of medical language in teaching English, French and German is presented. The next part presents the methodological and linguistic assumptions of didactic materials for specialised education. The fourth part outlines the definition of medicine in semantic and syntactic terms. The fifth part is devoted to the legislative understanding of the Polish language of medicine (medical language). These considerations lead to the presentation of conclusions and indications for teaching the Polish language in the sixth part. The results of the analyses have shown that the issue of describing Polish for specialist purposes is a very complex process. Further research is necessary, concerning, among other things the stylistic layer of the Polish language of medicine (medical language), and sociolinguistic, sociocultural and realist competence. W niniejszym tekście podjęta została dyskusja nad zdefiniowaniem pojęcia polski język medycyny (medyczny) dla celów glottodydaktyki. Artykuł składa się z sześciu części. W pierwszej kolejności omówiono dotychczasowe założenia teoretyczne nauczania polskiego języka medycyny (medycznego). Następnie zaprezentowano sposoby opisu języka medycznego na gruncie glottodydaktyki angielskiej, francuskiej i niemieckiej. W kolejnej części znalazły się metodologiczne i lingwistyczne założenia materiałów glottodydaktycznych przeznaczonych do kształcenia specjalistycznego. W czwartej części zarysowano definicję pojęcia medycyny w kategoriach semantycznych oraz syntaktycznych. Piąta część poświęcona została legislacyjnemu rozumieniu polskiego języka medycyny (medycznego). Rozważania te prowadzą do prezentacji konkluzji i wskazań dla glottodydaktyki polonistycznej w części szóstej. Wyniki analiz wykazały, iż zagadnienie opisu języka polskiego do celów specjalistycznych jest bardzo złożonym procesem. Niezbędne są dalsze badania, dotyczące m.in. warstwy stylistycznej polskiego języka medycyny (medycznego), kompetencji socjolingwistycznej, socjokulturowej i realioznawczej.

El objetivo del presente artículo es el análisis del estado de la cuestión del español médico en los dos diccionarios generales monolingües de referencia (Diccionario de la lengua española de RAE y el Diccionario de uso del español de María Moliner). Las entradas serán comparadas con otros dos diccionarios especializados, disponibles en línea (Diccionario médico-biológico, histórico y etimológico y el diccionario de PortalesMedicos). La finalidad del trabajo es realizar un análisis de treinta términos relacionados con el campo semántico del masaje deportivo: la presencia o la ausencia de dichos vocablos, y de las marcas (o no) empleadas por los diccionarios. Nos enfocaremos en el tipo de las marcas (medicina, biología, fisioterapia y otras), y comprobaremos si la marca más frecuente es la de fisioterapia. Del estudio realizado se puede sacar las siguientes conclusiones: los términos del corpus no siempre cumplen uno de los principios del lenguaje científico: el de ser unívoco. El uso de las marcas de este campo resulta bastante irregular y diverso. Además, la marca de la fisioterapia y de la medicina no son las que prevalecen. The aim of the present paper is to analyse the state of Medical Spanish in two monolingual dictionaries (Dictionary of the Spanish Language of RAE and Dictionary of Spanish Use by María Moliner). Moreover, the entries will be compared in two other medical dictionaries which are available on-line (Diccionario médico-biológico, histórico y etimológico and the dictionary of PortalesMedicos). The object of this study are thirty definitions related to semantic field of sports massage: the focus of research will be also on studying the occurrance of the terms of corpus and whether the entries have labels and what kinds of them (of medicine, biology, physiotherapy or others). The result of the carried-out research is that definitions from corpus not always meet one of the fundamental principle of the scientific language — to be monosemous. Using the labels in the analysed field is inconsistent and diverse. Neither physiotherapy nor medicine are the most often occurring labels.

Straipsnyje nagrinėjami XIX a. pab. – XX a. pr. populiarinamojoje medicinos raštijoje (knygose, knygelėse, laikraščių ir kalendorių straipsniuose) vartoti dvižodžiai sudėtiniai pavadinimai su pagrindiniu dėmeniu liga ir dalyviu reiškiamais priklausomaisiais dėmenimis. Aiškinamos šių dėmenų raiškos ypatybės ir pagrindinio dėmens liga semantinės funkcijos, taip pat gvildenamas skirtingos raiškos dalyvio pasirinkimo, pavadinimų terminiškumo klausimas. Pavadinimai aptariami atskirose grupėse, kurios išskirtos pagal tai, kokios rūšies (neveikiamosios ar veikiamosios) ir kokios raiškos formos (paprastosios ar įvardžiuotinės) dalyviais eina priklausomieji dėmenys. Vyraujantis tų dėmenų raiškos tipas – Dlvnvk ← Dktvliga, o potipis – Dlvnvk(ppr) ← Dktvliga. Būdingiausi subjektinio atspalvio pavadinimai – pagrindinis dėmuo liga dažniausiai atlieka subjekto funkciją. Dauguma pavadinimų nėra terminai, nes jie neįvardija sąvokų, jų priklausomasis dėmuo žymi laikinąją ypatybę. The article analyses two-word composite names with liga as the head element and dependent elements expressed by participles, which were used in the medical texts of the late 19th century – early 20th century written in a popular scientific style (books, booklets, newspaper and calendar articles). It explains the specific features of expression of those elements and the semantic functions of the head element liga and addresses the question of the choice of the participles of different expression and the attribution of the names under analysis to terms. The names are discussed in the framework of different groups formed on the basis of the voice (passive or active) and the form of expression (simple or pronominal) of the participles, which are used as dependent elements. The dominant type of their expression is Dlvnvk ← Dktvliga, and the dominant subtype is Dlvnvk(ppr) ← Dktvliga. The names with the shade of the subject are most widespread: the head element liga usually plays the function of the subject. Most names are not terms, as they do not specify concepts, and their dependent element denotes a temporary quality.

Данная статья посвящена рассмотрению вопроса о влиянии латинских заимствований на медицинскую терминологию немецкого языка. Появление заимствованных терминов в связи с интенсивным развитием медицинской науки требует их тщательного изучения и грамотного применения. Цель состоит в определении роли латинских заимствований, частотности их использования в медицинских статьях немецкого языка, а также выявлении степени обогащения языка за счет проникновения новых терминов. Главным методом исследования, использованным в работе, явился метод лингвистического описания, наряду с этим использовались приемы этимологического анализа и сравнительно-сопоставительного метода.

El objetivo de este artículo es informar sobre aspectos de una investigación lingüístico-terminológica diacrónica, aún en su fase inicial, alineada con el campo de las humanidades digitales, con la que estamos organizando un corpus histórico del lenguaje de la medicina en portugués. Se tratará de una colección en línea de textos impresos en el siglo xviii sobre el macrotema «enfermedades y sus tratamientos». This article reports on aspects of a diachronic linguistic and terminological study in the Digital Humanities, which is still in its initial phase. Part of the study is to compile a historical corpus of medical language in Portuguese. The online collection comprises printed texts from the 18th century on the broad theme of diseases and their treatment.

Patient questionnaires are widely used in clinical trials as instruments for measuring the efficacy of new drugs or treatments, therefore, the requirements to the quality of translation of such questionnaires are extremely high. The paper describes the results of a linguistic experiment that was carried out in order to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of an alternative method for testing the comprehension of patient questionnaires by respondents. Preliminary results show that the new method may be used as an optional tool together with the existing methods. More research is needed in order to investigate possible cultural differences between respondents from different cultural and linguistic groups.

In the paper, the difference between 'general' or 'standard' and 'language for special/specific purposes' (LSP) has been pointed out. Due to the predominance of English as a leading global language, the classification of English is presented. Some terms related to LSP have been defined (register functional style, genre). Special attention was paid to genre analysis. A detailed analysis was done about scientific style with its features including the language of medicine. Finally, the importance of standardization of medical terminology in Serbian was shown by giving examples from medical journals. Some future trends in development of language for medical purposes have been outlined.

The paper reports on a comparative study of equivalence in scientific and popular terminology across Romance and Germanic languages. The study is carried out within the framework of Languages for Specific Purposes lexicography, and focuses on a corpus of medical terminology in seven European languages. The first aim of the study was to confirm or reject the international character of the terms of the corpus. The neoclassical etymology of the international words was highlighted, as well as the changes experienced in the loanwords to be adapted to the host lexical system. A second aim of the research undertaken was to analyse the corresponding popular language equivalents to the scientific medical terms studied. The hypothesis that Romance languages had a higher tendency to use international words in popular communication than Germanic languages, as stated by Stichele (2000), was only partially confirmed; English and French lexical items had more cases of overlap of scientific and popular terms than German and Spanish. As most of the scientific terms are mainly known by professionals but appear less accessible to lay audiences, the study claimed that specialized words should be substituted for their popular equivalents to reach a successful communication in doctor-patient healthcare interactions. Keywords. Internationalisms; Word formation; Scientific terminology; Popular terms

U zborniku su objavljni znanstveni i stručni radovi koje se bave temama koje povezuju jezična istraživanja i medicinu, na primjer, jezikoslovne analize pisanog i govorenog jezika medicine, nastava stranih jezika na medicinskim i zdravstvenim fakultetima, bioetička pitanja povezana s jezikom ili komunikacija u medicini i zdravstvu.

This study was performed in Eskilstuna, Sweden in the spring of 2011. The Sörmland CountyCouncil (SCC) initiated the study to improve the communication with the public by adjustingthe language on its website. The website is an important communicative tool since manypeople search for health care information online. Thirty-six terms on the website of the SCCwere the objects of study, a majority of them being names of the departments atMälarsjukhuset Hospital. The departments are presented as a list of links on the website. Fouradditional medical terms were included. The comprehension of the 36 terms was investigatedamong 210 health care centre visitors in Eskilstuna. A questionnaire was used where theinformants were asked to shortly explain what health care issues are dealt with in the differentdepartments. The understanding varied greatly among the terms, from Klinisk fysiologi ochnukleärmedicin (clinical physiology and nuclear medicine/Clinical physics and nuclearmedicine) which only 14.6% of the informants understood to Ögon (eyes/Ophthalmology)which was understood by 92.98%. Seven of the terms were understood by less than 50% ofthe informants. The recommendation of the study to the SCC was to replace terms that werehard to understand to direct the website visitors to the information they are looking for andalso to review the language in all written communication with this study in mind.

Anatomijos terminijos raida prasideda nuo Hipokrato raštų antikoje. Lietuviškosios anatomijos terminijos formavimas prasidėjo XVII amžiuje. Anatomijos terminija, išsami žmogaus kūno dalių pavadinimų sistema buvo kaupiama palaipsniui. Lietuviškosios medicinos terminijos pradininkas buvo J. Basanavičius. Straipsnyje analizuojami J. Basanavičiaus rankraščio „Anatomijos ir medicinos vardyno medžiaga“ anatomijos terminai. J. Basanavičius surinko apie 270 lietuviškų ir rusiškų anatomijos terminų, parinko lotyniškus atitikmenis. Straipsnio tikslas yra aptarti vienažodžių ir daugiažodžių J. Basanavičiaus rankraščio ir „Medicinos terminų žodyno“ anatomijos terminų sutapties ir skirties aspektus. Daroma išvada, kad dalis rankraščio terminų sutampa su „Medicinos terminų žodyno“ terminais, jie prigijo šiuolaikinėje anatomijos terminijoje, tačiau didžioji dalis terminų skiriasi. The historical evolution of anatomical terms dates to antiquity, to the writings of Hippocrates. The historical development of Lithuanian anatomical terminology goes back to the seventeenth century. Anatomical terminology, as a comprehensive system of the names of human body parts is being compiled gradually. The originator of Lithuanian medical terminology was J. Basanavičius. The research paper aims to analyze anatomical terms used in J. Basanavičius’ manuscript "Anatomijos ir medicinos vardyno medžiaga" (further BM) and to compare them with the terms in the "Dictionary of Medical Terms" ("Medicinos terminų žodynas" 1980). The research focuses on the analysis of some aspects of differentiation and congruity of simple and multi-word anatomical terms of the manuscript and the dictionary. About 270 Lithuanian anatomical terms with Russian and Latin equivalents were collected by J. Basanavičius. The results show that the major part of the terms are different, the lesser part of the terms are identical.