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1. Antimicrobial use among paediatric inpatients at hospital sites within the Canadian Nosocomial Infection Surveillance Program, 2017/2018

Author

Rudnick, Wallis, Conly, John, Thirion, Daniel J. G., Choi, Kelly, Pelude, Linda, Cayen, Joelle, Bautista, John, Beique, Lizanne, Comeau, Jeannette L., Dalton, Bruce, Delport, Johan, Dhami, Rita, Embree, Joanne, Émond, Yannick, Evans, Gerald, Frenette, Charles, Fryters, Susan, Happe, Jennifer, Katz, Kevin, Kibsey, Pamela, Langley, Joanne M., Lee, Bonita E., Lefebvre, Marie-Astrid, Leis, Jerome A., McGeer, Allison, McKenna, Susan, Neville, Heather L., Slayter, Kathryn, Suh, Kathryn N., Tse-Chang, Alena, Weiss, Karl, and Science, Michelle

Published
2023
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6. Characterization of Healthcare Associated and Community-Associated Clostridioides difficile Infections among Adults, Canada,2015-2019

Author

Du, Tim, Choi, Kelly B., Silva, Anada, Golding, George R., Pelude, Linda, Hizon, Romeo, Rawahi, Ghada N. Al-, Brooks, James, Chow, Blanda, Collet, Jun C., Comeau, Jeannette L., Davis, Ian, Evans, Gerald A., Frenette, Charles, Han, Guanghong, Johnstone, Jennie, Kibsey, Pamela, Katz, Kevin C., Langley, Joanne M., Lee, Bonita E., Longtin, Yves, Mertz, Dominik, Minion, Jessica, Science, Michelle, Srigley, Jocelyn A., Stagg, Paula, Suh, Kathryn N., Thampi, Nisha, Wong, Alice, and Hota, Susy S.

Subjects
Community-acquired infections -- Statistics -- Risk factors -- Patient outcomes, Clostridium infections -- Statistics -- Risk factors -- Patient outcomes, Cross infection -- Statistics -- Risk factors -- Patient outcomes, Nosocomial infections -- Statistics -- Risk factors -- Patient outcomes, Health
Abstract

Clostridioides difficile is a major cause of infectious nosocomial diarrhea in high-income countries (1). Disease severity ranges from asymptomatic colonization to fulminant colitis, sometimes leading to colectomy and death (2). [...]

Published
2022
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8. Final efficacy analysis, interim safety analysis, and immunogenicity of a single dose of recombinant novel coronavirus vaccine (adenovirus type 5 vector) in adults 18 years and older: an international, multicentre, randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial

Author

Mao, Helen, Gagnon, Luc, Tran, Steven-Phay, Khan, Sarwat Tahsin, Becerra Aquino, Amalia Guadalupe, Saldaña Montemayor, Edgar Eduardo, Rivera Martínez, Norma Eréndira, Bohórquez López, Víctor Casildo, Simón Campos, J. Abraham, Pineda Cárdenas, Felipe de Jesús, Chen, Wei, Hou, Lihua, Zhang, Zhe, Corral, Gonzalo, López, Eduardo, Teijeiro, Ricardo, Alzogaray, Maria F., Zaidman, Cesar, Lopardo, Gustavo, Goecke, Bernardo, Feijooó Seoane, Rosa María, Mahmood, Sayed Faisal, Khan, Ejaz Ahmed, Akram, Jayed, Abbas, Salma, Salahuddin, Naseem, Rozhkova, Elena, Zubkova, Tatyana, Halperin, Scott A, Ye, Lingyun, MacKinnon-Cameron, Donna, Smith, Bruce, Cahn, Pedro E, Ruiz-Palacios, Guillermo M, Ikram, Aamer, Lanas, Fernando, Lourdes Guerrero, M, Muñoz Navarro, Sergio Raúl, Sued, Omar, Lioznov, Dmitry A, Dzutseva, Vitalina, Parveen, Ghazala, Zhu, Fengcai, Leppan, Laura, Langley, Joanne M, Barreto, Luis, Gou, Jinbo, and Zhu, Tao

Published
2022
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10. Immunogenicity and safety of a tri-antigenic versus a mono-antigenic hepatitis B vaccine in adults (PROTECT): a randomised, double-blind, phase 3 trial

Author

Vesikari, Timo, Langley, Joanne M, Gantt, Soren, Dionne, Marc, McElhaney, Janet, Rankin, Bruce, Griffin, Carl, Turner, Mark, Kirstein, Judith, Rizzardi, Barbara E, Williams, Hayes, Ahonen, Anitta, Henriksson, Olli, Ukkonen, Benita, Paassilta, Marita, Segall, Nathan, Ward, Brian J, Cooper, Curtis, Poliquin, Guillaume, Smith, Bruce, Van Damme, Pierre, Leroux-Roels, Isabel, Leroux-Roels, Geert, Machluf, Nathalie, Spaans, Johanna N, Yassin-Rajkumar, Bebi, Anderson, David E, Popovic, Vlad, Diaz-Mitoma, Francisco, McElhaney, Janet E, and van Damme, Pierre

Published
2021
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12. Efficacy and Safety of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Prefusion F Protein Vaccine (RSVPreF3 OA) in Older Adults Over 2 RSV Seasons.

Author

Ison, Michael G, Papi, Alberto, Athan, Eugene, Feldman, Robert G, Langley, Joanne M, Lee, Dong-Gun, Leroux-Roels, Isabel, Martinon-Torres, Federico, Schwarz, Tino F, Zyl-Smit, Richard N van, Verheust, Céline, Dezutter, Nancy, Gruselle, Olivier, Fissette, Laurence, David, Marie-Pierre, Kostanyan, Lusine, Hulstrøm, Veronica, Olivier, Aurélie, Wielen, Marie Van der, and Descamps, Dominique

Subjects
PATIENT safety, RESEARCH funding, STATISTICAL sampling, RESPIRATORY syncytial virus infections, RANDOMIZED controlled trials, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, VIRAL vaccines, DRUG efficacy, COMPARATIVE studies, CONFIDENCE intervals, EVALUATION, OLD age
Abstract

Background The adjuvanted RSV prefusion F protein–based vaccine (RSVPreF3 OA) was efficacious against RSV-related lower respiratory tract disease (RSV-LRTD) in ≥60-years-olds over 1 RSV season. We evaluated efficacy and safety of 1 RSVPreF3 OA dose and of 2 RSVPreF3 OA doses given 1 year apart against RSV-LRTD over 2 RSV seasons post–dose 1. Methods In this phase 3, blinded trial, ≥60-year-olds were randomized (1:1) to receive RSVPreF3 OA or placebo pre–season 1. RSVPreF3 OA recipients were re-randomized (1:1) to receive a second RSVPreF3 OA dose (RSV_revaccination group) or placebo (RSV_1dose group) pre–season 2; participants who received placebo pre–season 1 received placebo pre–season 2 (placebo group). Efficacy of both vaccine regimens against RSV-LRTD was evaluated over 2 seasons combined (confirmatory secondary objective, success criterion: lower limits of 2-sided CIs around efficacy estimates >20%). Results The efficacy analysis comprised 24 967 participants (RSV_1dose: 6227; RSV_revaccination: 6242; placebo: 12 498). Median efficacy follow-up was 17.8 months. Efficacy over 2 seasons of 1 RSVPreF3 OA dose was 67.2% (97.5% CI: 48.2–80.0%) against RSV-LRTD and 78.8% (95% CI: 52.6–92.0%) against severe RSV-LRTD. Efficacy over 2 seasons of a first dose followed by revaccination was 67.1% (97.5% CI: 48.1–80.0%) against RSV-LRTD and 78.8% (95% CI: 52.5–92.0%) against severe RSV-LRTD. Reactogenicity/safety of the revaccination dose were similar to dose 1. Conclusions One RSVPreF3 OA dose was efficacious against RSV-LRTD over 2 RSV seasons in ≥60-year-olds. Revaccination 1 year post–dose 1 was well tolerated but did not seem to provide additional efficacy benefit in the overall study population. Clinical Trials Registration ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04886596. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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13. Cost-effectiveness of Prefusion F Protein-based Vaccines Against Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease for Older Adults in the United States.

Author

Moghadas, Seyed M, Shoukat, Affan, Bawden, Carolyn E, Langley, Joanne M, Singer, Burton H, Fitzpatrick, Meagan C, and Galvani, Alison P

Subjects
QUALITY-adjusted life years, MEDICAL protocols, IMMUNIZATION, COST effectiveness, PATIENT safety, RESEARCH funding, VACCINE effectiveness, HOSPITAL care, OUTPATIENT medical care, RESPIRATORY syncytial virus infections, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, COST benefit analysis, SIMULATION methods in education, VACCINATION coverage, VIRAL vaccines, COMPARATIVE studies, MEDICAL care costs, OLD age
Abstract

Background Two prefusion F protein-based vaccines, Arexvy and Abrysvo, have been authorized by the US Food and Drug Administration for protecting older adults against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-associated lower respiratory tract illness. We evaluated the health benefits and cost-effectiveness of these vaccines. Methods We developed a discrete-event simulation model, parameterized with the burden of RSV disease including outpatient care, hospitalization, and death for adults aged 60 years or older in the United States. Taking into account the costs associated with these RSV-related outcomes, we calculated the net monetary benefit using quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained as a measure of effectiveness and determined the range of price-per-dose (PPD) for Arexvy and Abrysvo vaccination programs to be cost-effective from a societal perspective. Results Using a willingness-to-pay of $95 000 per QALY gained, we found that vaccination programs could be cost-effective for a PPD up to $127 with Arexvy and $118 with Abrysvo over the first RSV season. Achieving an influenza-like vaccination coverage of 66% for the population of older adults in the United States, the budget impact of these programs at the maximum PPD ranged from $6.48 to $6.78 billion. If the benefits of vaccination extend to a second RSV season as reported in clinical trials, we estimated a maximum PPD of $235 for Arexvy and $245 for Abrysvo, with 2-year budget impacts of $11.78 and $12.25 billion, respectively. Conclusions Vaccination of older adults would provide substantial direct health benefits by reducing outcomes associated with RSV-related illness in this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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17. An enveloped virus-like particle alum-adjuvanted cytomegalovirus vaccine is safe and immunogenic: A first-in-humans Canadian Immunization Research Network (CIRN) study

Author

Langley, Joanne M., primary, Gantt, Soren, additional, Halperin, Scott A., additional, Ward, Brian, additional, McNeil, Shelly, additional, Ye, Lingyun, additional, Cai, Yun, additional, Smith, Bruce, additional, Anderson, David E., additional, and Mitoma, Francisco Diaz, additional

Published
2023
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18. 2613. Pediatric respiratory syncytial virus hospitalizations, 2017 to 2022, the Canadian Immunization Monitoring Program Active (IMPACT)

Author

Bourdeau, Malou, primary, Vadlamudi, Nirma K, additional, Bancej, Christina, additional, Bastien, Nathalie, additional, Embree, Joanne, additional, Halperin, Scott, additional, Hudgin, Andrea, additional, Jadavji, Taj, additional, Kazmi, Kescha, additional, Langley, Joanne M, additional, Lebel, Marc, additional, Le Saux, Nicole, additional, Moore, Dorothy L, additional, Morris, Shaun, additional, Pernica, Jeffrey, additional, Robinson, Joan, additional, Sadarangani, Manish, additional, Bettinger, Julie A, additional, and Papenburg, Jesse, additional

Published
2023
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19. 1936. Efficacy of One Dose of the Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Prefusion F Protein Vaccine (RSVPreF3 OA) in Adults ≥ 60 Years of Age Persists for 2 RSV Seasons

Author

Ison, Michael G, primary, Papi, Alberto, additional, Langley, Joanne M, additional, Lee, Dong-Gun, additional, Leroux-Roels, Isabel, additional, Martinon-Torres, Federico, additional, Schwarz, Tino F, additional, Van Zyl-Smit, Richard N, additional, Cuadripani, Susanna, additional, Dezutter, Nancy, additional, Gruselle, Olivier, additional, Fissette, Laurence, additional, David, Marie-Pierre, additional, Olivier, Aurélie, additional, Der Wielen, Marie Van, additional, and Descamps, Dominique, additional

Published
2023
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21. A Randomized Controlled Trial of the Safety and Immunogenicity of Tetanus, Diphtheria, and Acellular Pertussis Vaccine Immunization During Pregnancy and Subsequent Infant Immune Response

Author

Halperin, Scott A., Langley, Joanne M., Ye, Lingyun, MacKinnon-Cameron, Donna, Elsherif, May, Allen, Victoria M., Smith, Bruce, Halperin, Beth A., McNeil, Shelly A., Vanderkooi, Otto G., Dwinnell, Shannon, Wilson, R. Douglas, Tapiero, Bruce, Boucher, Marc, Le Saux, Nicole, Gruslin, Andrée, Vaudry, Wendy, Chandra, Sue, Dobson, Simon, and Money, Deborah

Published
2018

22. Randomized Trial of 2 Schedules of Meningococcal B Vaccine in Adolescents and Young Adults, Canada

Author

Langley, Joanne M., Gantt, Soren, Quach, Caroline, Bettinger, Julie A., Halperin, Scott A., Mutch, Jill, McNeil, Shelly A., Ward, Brian J., MacKinnon-Cameron, Donna, Ye, Lingyun, Marty, Kim, Scheifele, David, Brown, Erin, and Alcantara, Joenel

Subjects
Meningococcal infections -- Prevention, Meningococcal vaccines -- Comparative analysis, Vaccines, Meningitis, Clinical trials, Public health, Vaccination, Diseases, Public health movements, Health
Abstract

Campus outbreaks of meningococcal disease caused by Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B (MenB) are rare, but case-fatality rates are 5.3%-10.0%, and 10%20% of survivors have long-term health effects (1). In addition, [...]

Published
2020
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23. Effectiveness of Influenza Vaccination on Hospitalizations and Risk Factors for Severe Outcomes in Hospitalized Patients With COPD

Author

Lagace-Wiens, Philippe, Light, Bruce, Poirier, Andre, Smith, Stephanie, Taylor, Gregory, Mulpuru, Sunita, Li, Li, Ye, Lingyun, Hatchette, Todd, Andrew, Melissa K., Ambrose, Ardith, Boivin, Guy, Bowie, William, Chit, Ayman, Dos Santos, Gael, ElSherif, May, Green, Karen, Haguinet, Francois, Halperin, Scott A., Ibarguchi, Barbara, Johnstone, Jennie, Katz, Kevin, Langley, Joanne M., LeBlanc, Jason, Loeb, Mark, MacKinnon-Cameron, Donna, McCarthy, Anne, McElhaney, Janet E., McGeer, Allison, Powis, Jeff, Richardson, David, Semret, Makeda, Shinde, Vivek, Smyth, Daniel, Trottier, Sylvie, Valiquette, Louis, Webster, Duncan, and McNeil, Shelly A.

Published
2019
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24. Estimations du taux de letalite de la COVID-19 au Canada et aux Etats-Unis sur une periode donnee

Author

Abdollahi, Elaheh, Champredon, David, Langley, Joanne M., Galvani, Alison P., and Moghadas, Seyed M.

Subjects
Coronaviruses, COVID-19, Health
Abstract

CONTEXTE : Les estimations du taux de letalite de la maladie a coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) varient grandement selon les populations. L'objectif eta it d'estimer et de comparer ce taux pour le Canada et les Etats-Unis en tenant compte de 2 sources de biais potentiel du taux brut. METHODES : Pour ce faire, nous sommes partis du nombre quotidien de cas confirmes et de deces au Canada et aux EtatsUnis pour la periode du 31 janvier au 22 avril 2020. Nous y avons applique une methode statistique qui reduit au minimum les biais du taux de letalite brut de 2 faqons : en integrant la duree de survie, soit le delai entre le debut de la maladie et le deces, et en considerant que moins de 50 % des cas de COVID-19 sont confirmes (intervalle de confiance a 95 % 10 %-50 %). RESULTATS : A partir du nombre de cas confirmes au Canada, nous avons evalue le taux brut en date en 22 avril 2020 a 4,9 %, et le taux ajuste a 5,5 % (intervalle de credibilite [ICr] 4,9 %-6,4 %). En appliquant divers taux de cas confirmes inferieurs a 50 %, nous avons obtenu un taux ajuste de 1,6 % (ICr 0,7 %-3,1 %). Pour les Etats-Unis, le taux brut en date du 20 avril 2020 etait de 5,4 %, et le taux ajuste, de 6,1 % (ICr 5,4 %-6,9 %). Combine a des taux de cas confirmes inferieurs a 50 %, le taux ajuste est passe a 1,78 % (ICr 0,8 %-3,6 %). INTERPRETATION : Nos estimations montrent que si le taux de cas confirmes est de moins de 50 %, le taux de letalite ajuste de la COVID-19 est vraisemblablement inferieur a 2 % au Canada. Aux Etats-Unis, les estimations sont plus elevees, mais le taux ajuste reste sous la barre des 2 %. Si le taux de cas confirmes etait connu, nous pourrions mieux evaluer la virulence du coronavirus du syndrome respiratoire aigu severe 2 et la charge associee., Le risque de mortalite due a l'infection au coronavirus du syndrome respiratoire aigu severe 2 (SRAS-CoV-2) est un facteur critique dans la charge de morbidite de la maladie a coronavirus [...]

Published
2020
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25. Projection de la demande de lits de soins intensifs durant l'epidemie de COVID-19 au Canada

Author

Shoukat, Affan, Wells, Chad R., Langley, Joanne M., Singer, Burton H., Galvani, Alison P., and Moghadas, Seyed M.

Subjects
Hospital beds -- Supply and demand, Coronaviruses, Intensive care units -- Equipment and supplies, Medical care quality -- Forecasts and trends, COVID-19 -- Care and treatment, Market trend/market analysis, Health
Abstract

CONTEXTE : La hausse des cas de maladie a coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) au Canada peut creer une forte demande de soins hospitaliers et de soins intensifs. Nous avons evalue la mesure dans laquelle l'isolement volontaire des personnes presentant des symptomes legers retarde le sommet epidemique et reduit la demande de soins dans chaque province canadienne. METHODES : Nous avons concu un modele de calcul et fait des simulations de la propagation de la COVID-19 dans chaque province. A partir des estimations des caracteristiques de la COVID19, nous avons evalue la demande de lits d'hopital et de lits de soins intensifs en l'absence d'isolement volontaire en supposant une moyenne de 2,5 cas secondaires, et avons compare des scenarios en faisant varier le taux d'isolement volontaire des cas legers 24 heures apres l'apparition des symptomes. RESULTATS : En l'absence d'isolement volontaire, l'epidemie atteindrait son sommet dans la premiere moitie de juin, et il faudrait en moyenne 569 jours-lits de soins intensifs par 10 000 habitants. Avec un taux d'isolement volontaire de 20 %, l'atteinte du sommet serait repoussee de 2 a 4 semaines, et la demande de lits diminuerait de 23,5 %; avec un taux de 40 %, le sommet serait repousse de 2 a 4 semaines supplementaires, et la demande de lits connaitrait une baisse de 53,6 %. En fixant le taux d'occupation actuel des lits de soins intensifs a plus de 80 % et le taux d'isolement volontaire a 40 %, la demande de lits demeure superieure au nombre de lits disponibles. INTERPRETATION : Au sommet de l'epidemie de COVID-19 au Canada, la demande de lits de soins intensifs excedera le nombre total de lits disponibles, meme avec un taux d'isolement volontaire de 40 %. Nos resultats montrent que la situation sera difficile pour le systeme de sante et que l'isolement volontaire pourrait reduire la demande de soins hospitaliers et de soins intensifs., Depuis l'identification en decembre 2019 du coronavirus du syndrome respiratoire aigu severe 2 (SRAS-CoV-2) en Chine, on a repertorie plus de 850 000 cas confirmes de maladie a coronavirus 2019 [...]

Published
2020
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26. Safety and Immunogenicity of a ChAd155-Vectored Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccine in Infants 6–7 Months of age: A Phase 1/2 Randomized Trial.

Author

Sáez-Llorens, Xavier, Norero, Ximena, Mussi-Pinhata, Marisa Márcia, Luciani, Kathia, Cueva, Ignacio Salamanca de la, Díez-Domingo, Javier, Lopez-Medina, Eduardo, Epalza, Cristina, Brzostek, Jerzy, Szymański, Henryk, Boucher, François D, Cetin, Benhur S, Leon, Tirza De, Dinleyici, Ener Cagri, Gabriel, Miguel Ángel Marín, Ince, Tolga, Macias-Parra, Mercedes, Langley, Joanne M, Martinón-Torres, Federico, and Rämet, Mika

Subjects
RESPIRATORY syncytial virus, VIRAL vaccines, IMMUNE response, RESPIRATORY syncytial virus infections, INFANTS, HUMAN metapneumovirus infection, NEUTRALIZATION tests
Abstract

Background Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a common cause of lower respiratory tract infections in infants. This phase 1/2, observer-blind, randomized, controlled study assessed the safety and immunogenicity of an investigational chimpanzee-derived adenoviral vector RSV vaccine (ChAd155-RSV, expressing RSV F, N, and M2-1) in infants. Methods Healthy 6- to 7-month-olds were 1:1:1-randomized to receive 1 low ChAd155-RSV dose (1.5 × 1010 viral particles) followed by placebo (RSV_1D); 2 high ChAd155-RSV doses (5 × 1010 viral particles) (RSV_2D); or active comparator vaccines/placebo (comparator) on days 1 and 31. Follow-up lasted approximately 2 years. Results Two hundred one infants were vaccinated (RSV_1D: 65; RSV_2D: 71; comparator: 65); 159 were RSV-seronaive at baseline. Most solicited and unsolicited adverse events after ChAd155-RSV occurred at similar or lower rates than after active comparators. In infants who developed RSV infection, there was no evidence of vaccine-associated enhanced respiratory disease (VAERD). RSV-A neutralizing titers and RSV F-binding antibody concentrations were higher post–ChAd155-RSV than postcomparator at days 31, 61, and end of RSV season 1 (mean follow-up, 7 months). High-dose ChAd155-RSV induced stronger responses than low-dose, with further increases post–dose 2. Conclusions ChAd155-RSV administered to 6- to 7-month-olds had a reactogenicity/safety profile like other childhood vaccines, showed no evidence of VAERD, and induced a humoral immune response. Clinical Trials Registration.  NCT03636906. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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28. Safety and immunogenicity of a ChAd155-vectored respiratory syncytial virus vaccine in infants 6–7 months of age: a phase 1/2 randomized trial

Author

Sáez-Llorens, Xavier, primary, Norero, Ximena, additional, Mussi-Pinhata, Marisa Márcia, additional, Luciani, Kathia, additional, Salamanca de la Cueva, Ignacio, additional, Díez-Domingo, Javier, additional, Lopez-Medina, Eduardo, additional, Epalza, Cristina, additional, Brzostek, Jerzy, additional, Szymański, Henryk, additional, Boucher, François D, additional, Cetin, Benhur S, additional, De Leon, Tirza, additional, Cagri Dinleyici, Ener, additional, Marín Gabriel, Miguel Ángel, additional, Ince, Tolga, additional, Macias-Parra, Mercedes, additional, Langley, Joanne M, additional, Martinón-Torres, Federico, additional, Rämet, Mika, additional, Kuchar, Ernest, additional, Pinto, Jorge, additional, Puthanakit, Thanyawee, additional, Baquero-Artigao, Fernando, additional, Castelli Gattinara, Guido, additional, Merino Arribas, Jose Manuel, additional, Ramos Amador, Jose Tomas, additional, Szenborn, Leszek, additional, Tapiero, Bruce, additional, Anderson, Evan J, additional, Campbell, James D, additional, Faust, Saul N, additional, Nikic, Vanja, additional, Zhou, Yingjun, additional, Pu, Wenji, additional, Friel, Damien, additional, Dieussaert, Ilse, additional, Gonzalez Lopez, Antonio, additional, McPhee, Roderick, additional, Stoszek, Sonia K, additional, and Vanhoutte, Nicolas, additional

Published
2023
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33. Temporal estimates of case-fatality rate for COVID-19 outbreaks in Canada and the United States

Author

Abdollahi, Elaheh, Champredon, David, Langley, Joanne M., Galvani, Alison P., and Moghadas, Seyed M.

Subjects
EPUB (Standard), Severe acute respiratory syndrome, Coronaviruses, COVID-19, Health
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Estimates of the case-fatality rate (CFR) associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vary widely in different population settings. We sought to estimate and compare the COVID-19 CFR in Canada and the United States while adjusting for 2 potential biases in crude CFR. METHODS: We used the daily incidence of confirmed COVID-19 cases and deaths in Canada and the US from Jan. 31 to Apr. 22, 2020. We applied a statistical method to minimize bias in the crude CFR by accounting for the survival interval as the lag time between disease onset and death, while considering reporting rates of COVID-19 cases less than 50% (95% confidence interval 10%-50%). RESULTS: Using data for confirmed cases in Canada, we estimated the crude CFR to be 4.9% on Apr. 22, 2020, and the adjusted CFR to be 5.5% (credible interval [CrI] 4.9%-6.4%). After we accounted for various reporting rates less than 50%, the adjusted CFR was estimated at 1.6% (CrI 0.7%-3.1%). The US crude CFR was estimated to be 5.4% on Apr. 20, 2020, with an adjusted CFR of 6.1% (CrI 5.4%-6.9%). With reporting rates of less than 50%, the adjusted CFR for the US was 1.78 (CrI 0.8%-3.6%). INTERPRETATION: Our estimates suggest that, if the reporting rate is less than 50%, the adjusted CFR of COVID-19 in Canada is likely to be less than 2%. The CFR estimates for the US were higher than those for Canada, but the adjusted CFR still remained below 2%. Quantification of case reporting can provide a more accurate measure of the virulence and disease burden of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2., The risk of death associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is fundamental to the disease burden imposed by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Quantification of this [...]

Published
2020
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34. Projecting demand for critical care beds during COVID-19 outbreaks in Canada

Author

Shoukat, Affan, Wells, Chad R., Langley, Joanne M., Singer, Burton H., Galvani, Alison P., and Moghadas, Seyed M.

Subjects
EPUB (Standard) -- Comparative analysis, Hospital patients -- Models -- Health aspects -- Comparative analysis, Coronaviruses -- Health aspects -- Comparative analysis -- Models, COVID-19 -- Models -- Comparative analysis -- Health aspects, Health
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Increasing numbers of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases in Canada may create substantial demand for hospital admission and critical care. We evaluated the extent to which self-isolation of mildly ill people delays the peak of outbreaks and reduces the need for this care in each Canadian province. METHODS: We developed a computational model and simulated scenarios for COVID-19 outbreaks within each province. Using estimates of COVID-19 characteristics, we projected the hospital and intensive care unit (ICU) bed requirements without self-isolation, assuming an average number of 2.5 secondary cases, and compared scenarios in which different proportions of mildly ill people practised self-isolation 24 hours after symptom onset. RESULTS: Without self-isolation, the peak of outbreaks would occur in the first half of June, and an average of 569 ICU bed days per 10 000 population would be needed. When 20% of cases practised self-isolation, the peak was delayed by 2-4 weeks, and ICU bed requirement was reduced by 23.5% compared with no self-isolation. Increasing self-isolation to 40% reduced ICU use by 53.6% and delayed the peak of infection by an additional 2-4 weeks. Assuming current ICU bed occupancy rates above 80% and self-isolation of 40%, demand would still exceed available (unoccupied) ICU bed capacity. INTERPRETATION: At the peak of COVID19 outbreaks, the need for ICU beds will exceed the total number of ICU beds even with self-isolation at 40%. Our results show the coming challenge for the health care system in Canada and the potential role of self-isolation in reducing demand for hospital-based and ICU care., Since the identification of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in December 2019 in China, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused more than 850000 confirmed cases across 180 countries, [...]

Published
2020
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35. Influenza vaccine effectiveness to prevent influenza-related hospitalizations and serious outcomes in Canadian adults over the 2011/12 through 2013/14 influenza seasons: A pooled analysis from the Canadian Immunization Research Network (CIRN) Serious Outcomes Surveillance (SOS Network)

Author

Nichols, Michaela K., Andrew, Melissa K., Hatchette, Todd F., Ambrose, Ardith, Boivin, Guy, Bowie, William, Chit, Ayman, Dos Santos, Gael, ElSherif, May, Green, Karen, Haguinet, Francois, Halperin, Scott A., Ibarguchi, Barbara, Johnstone, Jennie, Katz, Kevin, Lagacé-Wiens, Phillipe, Langley, Joanne M., LeBlanc, Jason, Loeb, Mark, MacKinnon-Cameron, Donna, McCarthy, Anne, McElhaney, Janet E., McGeer, Allison, Poirier, Andre, Powis, Jeff, Richardson, David, Schuind, Anne, Semret, Makeda, Shinde, Vivek, Smith, Stephanie, Smyth, Daniel, Stiver, Grant, Taylor, Geoffrey, Trottier, Sylvie, Valiquette, Louis, Webster, Duncan, Ye, Lingyun, and McNeil, Shelly A.

Published
2018
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36. Possible resurgence du virus respiratoire syncytial au Canada

Author

Lavoie, Pascal M., Reicherz, Frederic, Solimano, Alfonso, and Langley, Joanne M.

Subjects
Palivizumab, Infection, Respiratory syncytial virus, Health
Abstract

L'Australie, et plus recemment les Etats-Unis, ont observe une resurgence des cas d'infection au virus respiratoire syncytial (VRS), alors que les mesures de distanciation physique associees a la pandemie de [...]

Published
2021
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38. Evaluation of clinical case definitions for respiratory syncytial virus lower respiratory tract infection in young children

Author

Englund, Janet A, primary, Cohen, Rachel A, additional, Bianco, Veronique, additional, Domachowske, Joseph B, additional, Langley, Joanne M, additional, Madhi, Shabir A, additional, Zaman, Khalequ, additional, Bueso, Agustin, additional, Ceballos, Ana, additional, Cousin, Luis, additional, Gandhi, Sanjay, additional, Gruselle, Olivier, additional, Jose, Lisa, additional, Klein, Nicola P, additional, Koen, Anthonet, additional, Puthanaki, Thanyawee, additional, Shi, Meng, additional, Silas, Peter, additional, Tangsathapornpong, Auchara, additional, Teeratakulpisarn, Jamaree, additional, Vesikari, Timo, additional, Haars, Gerco, additional, Leach, Amanda, additional, Stoszek, Sonia K, additional, and Dieussaert, Ilse, additional

Published
2023
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39. A Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Prefusion F Protein Candidate Vaccine (RSVPreF3-OA) is Efficacious in Adults ≥ 60 Years of Age (YOA)

Author

Ison, Michael G., additional, Papi, Alberto, additional, Langley, Joanne M., additional, Lee, Dong-Dun, additional, Leroux-Roels, Isabel, additional, Martinon-Torres, Federico, additional, Schwarz, Tino F., additional, van Zyl-Smit, Richard N., additional, Dezutter, Nancy, additional, De Schrevel, Nathalie, additional, Fissette, Laurence, additional, David, Marie-Pierre, additional, Van Der Wielen, Marie, additional, Kostanyan, Lusine, additional, and Hulstrøm, Veronica, additional

Published
2023
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43. Respiratory Syncytial Virus Prefusion F Protein Vaccine in Older Adults

Author

Papi, Alberto, primary, Ison, Michael G., additional, Langley, Joanne M., additional, Lee, Dong-Gun, additional, Leroux-Roels, Isabel, additional, Martinon-Torres, Federico, additional, Schwarz, Tino F., additional, van Zyl-Smit, Richard N., additional, Campora, Laura, additional, Dezutter, Nancy, additional, de Schrevel, Nathalie, additional, Fissette, Laurence, additional, David, Marie-Pierre, additional, Van der Wielen, Marie, additional, Kostanyan, Lusine, additional, and Hulstrøm, Veronica, additional

Published
2023
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44. Safety and Immunogenicity of an Investigational Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccine (RSVPreF3) in Mothers and Their Infants: A Phase 2 Randomized Trial

Author

Bebia, Zourab, primary, Reyes, Osvaldo, additional, Jeanfreau, Robert, additional, Kantele, Anu, additional, De Leon, Ruth Graciela, additional, Sánchez, Marta García, additional, Banooni, Peyman, additional, Gardener, Glenn J, additional, Rasero, José Luis Bartha, additional, Pardilla, Maria Begoña Encinas, additional, Langley, Joanne M, additional, Di Leo, Claudio Maañón, additional, Botelho-Nevers, Elisabeth, additional, Buttery, Jim, additional, Laurichesse, Helene, additional, Madhi, Shabir A, additional, García, Adrián Martín, additional, Stanley, Thorsten, additional, Barjat, Tiphaine, additional, Griffith, Rebecca, additional, Castrejón-Alba, Maria Mercedes, additional, de Heusch, Magali, additional, Dieussaert, Ilse, additional, Hercor, Melanie, additional, Lese, Patricia, additional, Qian, Hui, additional, Tullio, Antonella N, additional, and Henry, Ouzama, additional

Published
2023
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49. Leveraging Influenza Virus Surveillance From 2012 to 2015 to Characterize the Burden of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease in Canadian Adults ≥50 Years of Age Hospitalized With Acute Respiratory Illness.

Author

ElSherif, May, Andrew, Melissa K, Ye, Lingyun, Ambrose, Ardith, Boivin, Guy, Bowie, William, David, Marie-Pierre, Gruselle, Olivier, Halperin, Scott A, Hatchette, Todd F, Johnstone, Jennie, Katz, Kevin, Langley, Joanne M, Loeb, Mark, MacKinnon-Cameron, Donna, McCarthy, Anne, McElhaney, Janet E, McGeer, Allison, Poirier, Andre, and Pirçon, Jean-Yves

Subjects
RESPIRATORY syncytial virus infections, ACUTE flaccid paralysis, ACUTE diseases, INFLUENZA viruses, HUMAN metapneumovirus infection, OLDER people, LENGTH of stay in hospitals
Abstract

Background Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) disease in older adults is undercharacterized. To help inform future immunization policies, this study aimed to describe the disease burden in Canadian adults aged ≥50 years hospitalized with RSV. Methods Using administrative data and nasopharyngeal swabs collected from active surveillance among adults aged ≥50 years hospitalized with an acute respiratory illness (ARI) during the 2012–2013, 2013–2014, and 2014–2015 influenza seasons, RSV was identified using a respiratory virus multiplex polymerase chain reaction test to describe the associated disease burden, incidence, and healthcare costs. Results Of 7797 patients tested, 371 (4.8%) were RSV positive (2.2% RSV-A and 2.6% RSV-B). RSV prevalence varied by season from 4.2% to 6.2%. Respiratory virus coinfection was observed in 11.6% (43/371) of RSV cases, with influenza A being the most common. RSV hospitalization rates varied between seasons and increased with age, from 8–12 per 100 000 population in adults aged 50–59 years to 174–487 per 100 000 in adults aged ≥80 years. The median age of RSV cases was 74.9 years, 63.7% were female, and 98.1% of cases had ≥1 comorbidity. Among RSV cases, the mean length of hospital stay was 10.6 days, 13.7% were admitted to the intensive care unit, 6.4% required mechanical ventilation, and 6.1% died. The mean cost per RSV case was $13 602 (Canadian dollars) but varied by age and Canadian province. Conclusions This study adds to the growing literature on adult RSV burden by showing considerable morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs in hospitalized adults aged ≥50 years with ARIs such as influenza. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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