Search

Sorghum has a long history of cultivation in China. In this study, we aimed to clarify the genetic relationships and genetic variation trends in widely used Chinese sorghum hybrids which were released from the 1970s to 2010s and attempted to analyze the changes in sorghum breeding. A total of 257 alleles were detected by 51 polymorphic SSR markers among 69 widely used hybrids; an average of 5.04 alleles were detected by each marker. The average Shannon’s index and polymorphism information content (PIC) of markers were 1.39 and 0.70, respectively. Nei’s genetic diversity index continuously increased in four different breeding development stages (1973–1982, 1983–1992, 1993–2002, and 2003–2014). Genetic diversity gradually increased among the sorghum hybrids. Genetic similarity coefficients in the four breeding development stages first showed an increasing trend, and then a decreasing trend, finally stabilizing with an average value of 0.65. The genetic similarity changes in hybrids in early and late maturing areas were consistent at different breeding development stages. The genetic similarity coefficients in late maturing areas were constantly higher than those in the early maturing areas. This is related to China’s creative utilization of A2 cytoplasmic male sterile materials in the 1990s. A cluster analysis determined that 69 hybrids were divided into two groups, A and B. Group A could be further subdivided into four subgroups. These findings could provide a reference for parental selection and hybrid breeding in sorghum improvement programs.

CONSTANS (CO) is a central regulator of floral initiation in response to photoperiod. In this study, we show that the GSK3 kinase BIN2 physically interacts with CO and the gain-of-function mutant bin2-1 displays late flowering phenotype through down-regulation of FT transcription. Genetic analyses show that BIN2 genetically acts upstream of CO in regulating flowering time. Further, we illustrate that BIN2 phosphorylates the Thr280 residue of CO. Importantly, the BIN2 phosphorylation of Thr280 residue restricts the function of CO in promoting flowering through affecting its DNA-binding activity. Moreover, we reveal that the N-terminal part of CO harboring the B-Box domain mediates the interaction of both CO-CO and BIN2-CO. We find that BIN2 inhibits the formation of CO dimer/oligomer. Taken together, this study reveals that BIN2 regulates flowering time through phosphorylating the Thr280 of CO and inhibiting the CO-CO interaction in Arabidopsis.

Considering the heterogeneous environment of tri-network convergence,a resource reconfiguration model of substrate carrier network based on hardware virtualization was proposed.In terms of resource assigning algorithm which is the key issue in dynamic reconfiguration network,a resource assigning algorithm was proposed based on dynamic re-configuration at last.Based on the idea of platform support and component processing,the model facilitates the recon-figuration network based on hardware virtualization by supporting dynamic reconfiguration which could provide more flexible and high-speed multi-service networks.

Based on the in-depth analysis of he massive real AS-level topology data,the multi characteristics describing Internet AS-level topology’s hierarchy were abstracted,and a material way about network’s hierarchical partition were introduced,and the number of connected edged of adding new nodes and nonlinear probability were gived.Finally,a novel hierarchical dynamic evolution model named IAT-HDEM based on corenness and the k-core decomposition was proposed.The numerical simulations and analysis results showed that most of macroscopic statistics closed to real networks’,including power-law degree distribution and negative correlation clustering-degree distribution etc.

A distributed CICQ based DiffServ supporting parallel packet switch（CDPPS） was proposed.By using multiple low speed switches to construct parallel packet switch,CDPPS made it possible to construct DiffServ supporting scheduling scheme in high speed environment.Because CICQ could be used as central plane without any modification,CDPPS increased the efficiency of existing resources.As a result of using distributed scheduling algorithm,CDPPS eliminates the communication overhead,and reduces the hardware implementation complexity.Theoretic analysis and simulation results show that CDPPS can provide satisfying QoS for different traffic classes.

The network survivability based on distance vector routing protocol of the network was studied,and the definition of network survivability and its calculation method were given.In order to effectively improve the network survivability of the distance vector routing protocol,A method to measure the authenticity of the update routing message was proposed.Analysis showes that the method can effectively resist false routing messages attacks which is launched by the attack nodes in the network,so it can improve the network survivability of the distance vector routing protocol.

In order to solve the problem of distance vector routing protocol converge very slowly to the correct routes when link costs increase,a new convergence-free routing protocol CF-RIP using RIP（routing information protocol） was proposed,which is based on failure-carrying packets and multiple viable next hops per destination.The new protocol eliminated the convergence period altogether and could solve the problem of count to infinity.The CF-RIP provided better stability and availability;meanwhile it was proved that a loop-free path to a destination if one such path exists.Simulations performed show that CF-RIP can dealing with the simultaneous failures of multiple arbitrary links effectively.

Much of the previous work on buffer design of router linecard mainly focus on how to implement large and fast packet buffers,however,lots of recent theories suggest that the optimal buffer size would no longer be a large one as expected,and a small buffer should be sufficient.A push based buffer setting strategy for high density linecard of small buffer size was presented,and a buffer-revenue function was introduced to give an evaluation on using efficiency of the small buffer.It is proved that the strategy can completely eliminate the HOL（header of line） blocking problem and the back-pressure mechanism of the existing strategies,moreover,the strategy can also get a better revenue when the buffer-revenue function is used to give an evaluation.

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), one of the world's most important food crops, is a strictly autogamous (self-pollinating) species with exclusively perfect flowers. Male sterility induced by chemical hybridizing agents has increasingly attracted attention as a tool for hybrid seed production in wheat; however, the molecular mechanisms of male sterility induced by the agent SQ-1 remain poorly understood due to limited whole transcriptome data. Therefore, a comparative analysis of wheat anther transcriptomes for male fertile wheat and SQ-1-induced male sterile wheat was carried out using next-generation sequencing technology. In all, 42,634,123 sequence reads were generated and were assembled into 82,356 high-quality unigenes with an average length of 724 bp. Of these, 1,088 unigenes were significantly differentially expressed in the fertile and sterile wheat anthers, including 643 up-regulated unigenes and 445 down-regulated unigenes. The differentially expressed unigenes with functional annotations were mapped onto 60 pathways using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database. They were mainly involved in coding for the components of ribosomes, photosynthesis, respiration, purine and pyrimidine metabolism, amino acid metabolism, glutathione metabolism, RNA transport and signal transduction, reactive oxygen species metabolism, mRNA surveillance pathways, protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum, protein export, and ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis. This study is the first to provide a systematic overview comparing wheat anther transcriptomes of male fertile wheat with those of SQ-1-induced male sterile wheat and is a valuable source of data for future research in SQ-1-induced wheat male sterility.

Graphene-based metamaterial sensors are of significant research value for detecting food preservatives at low concentrations due to their extremely high sensitivity levels. In this work, we proposed and experimentally demonstrated an anapole resonance-based graphene metasurface (An-graphene-Ms) sensor with its conductivity altered by electrostatic doping effects for detecting and differentiating between two preservatives, sodium benzoate and potassium sorbate, in the terahertz region. Sodium benzoate, owing to its benzene ring structure, established π–π stacking interactions between the π-electrons in the benzene ring and those in graphene, amplifying the sensing effect. The amplitude changes and phase differences of the An-graphene-Ms sensor for the sodium benzoate detection were greater than those for potassium sorbate at the same concentration. Additionally, to reveal the dependence of the resonance frequency on the time delay, the measured signals were investigated using the continuous wavelet transform (CWT), and the time-frequency combination of the metasurface sensor was performed. The 2D wavelet coefficient intensity cards are effectively constructed through CWT, which also presents a more accurate approach for distinguishing and determining the concentrations of the two preservatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A recent study published in MedComm explores the relationship between acute sleep deprivation (SD) and affective state transitions in mice. The study found that SD led to abnormal excitability in distinct dopaminergic (DAergic) subsystems, triggering a transition to a manic-like state and reversal of a depression-like state in mice. The researchers established an automatic SD mouse model and observed heightened levels of hyperactivity, aggression, and sexual behavior following acute SD. They also found that acute SD ameliorated depression-like behaviors induced by learned helplessness in mice. The study suggests that acute SD induces increased activity in VTA DAergic neurons, leading to affective state transitions in mice. [Extracted from the article]

To guide significance for water management of winter rape in Hebei Province, effect of pre-winter irrigation on yield formation of winter rapeseed was studied. Materials included 12 winter Brassica rapa and 9 B. napus varieties (lines), they were irrigated before winter. The traits were investigated including overwintering rate, contents of N, P and K in leaves and siliques, and yield composition. Results showed that winter irrigation effectively prevented freezing injury of rapeseed, increased the overwintering rate, and then improved later growth, agronomic characteristics and yield formation. The overwintering rate reached more than 90%, significantly higher than non-winter irrigation control. Although winter irrigation treatment had no significant effect on growth duration, it significantly improved agronomic traits of branch length, plant height and plot yield by 33%, 90.3% and 16.9% respectively. The contents of N and P in leaves, and K in silique shell of 6 tested winter rapeseed were higher than the other organs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]