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Background: Carers often assume key roles in cancer care. However, many carers report feeling disempowered and ill -equipped to support patients. Our group published evidence -based guidelines (the Triadic Oncology [TRIO] Guidelines) to improve oncology clinician engagement with carers and the management of challenging situations involving carers. Objective: To facilitate implementation of the TRIO Guidelines in clinical practice, we aimed to develop, iteratively refine, and conduct user testing of a suite of evidence -based and interactive web -based education modules for oncology clinicians (e -Triadic Oncology [eTRIO]), patients with cancer, and carers (eTRIO for Patients and Carers [eTRIO -pc]). These were designed to improve carer involvement, communication, and shared decision -making in the cancer management setting. Methods: The eTRIO education modules were based on extensive research, including systematic reviews, qualitative interviews, and consultation analyses. Guided by the person -based approach, module content and design were reviewed by an expert advisory group comprising academic and clinical experts (n=13) and consumers (n=5); content and design were continuously and iteratively refined. User experience testing (including "think -aloud" interviews and administration of the System Usability Scale [SUS]) of the modules was completed by additional clinicians (n=5), patients (n=3), and carers (n=3). Results: The final clinician module comprises 14 sections, requires approximately 1.5 to 2 hours to complete, and covers topics such as carer -inclusive communication and practices; supporting carer needs; and managing carer dominance, anger, and conflicting patient -carer wishes. The usability of the module was rated by 5 clinicians, with a mean SUS score of 75 (SD 5.3), which is interpreted as good. Clinicians often desired information in a concise format, divided into small "snackable" sections that could be easily recommenced if they were interrupted. T, QC 20240524

The authors regret to inform readers that there were errors in the numbering of some citations in Table 1 and in one sentence in section 3.3.2. The corrections (indicated in bold) are: Table 1, Alameddine, 2020, Dubai [64]; Baig, 2020, Pakistan [65]; Becher, 2021, Germany [40]; Carrotte, 2021, Australia [38]; Finlay, 2020, Canada [81]; Gibson, 2020, England [41]; Haugom, 2020, Norway [80]; House, 2021, USA [79]; Huang, 2021, China [45]; Jiang, 2021, China [54]; Keij, 2021, the Netherlands [9]; Moleman, 2021, the Netherlands [67]; Pan, 2022, China [26]; Rodenburg-Vandenbussche, 2020, the Netherlands [36], Sumpton, 2021, Australia [35], Van Beek-Peeters, 2021, the Netherlands [21]; Vedasto, 2021, Tanzania [25]; Whitney, 2021, USA [77]; Windon, 2021, USA [34]; Wubben, 2021, the Netherlands [66]. The corrected table can be found below. Self-efficacy and self-confidence in being involved in the SDM process were reported to benefit patient involvement [20, 35, 40, 54], and such self-efficacy may grow over time [35]. The authors would like to apologise for any inconvenience caused [Table presented]. DOI of original article: doi: 10.1016/j.pec.2023.107677.

Objective: To identify patient-related characteristics considered to affect patient involvement in shared decision making (SDM) about treatment. Methods: We conducted a scoping review of qualitative studies. We searched for literature across seven databases until March 2022, and included qualitative studies that focused on associations between patient-related characteristics and SDM about treatment in adults. We analyzed studies using an inductive thematic approach. Results: The search yielded 5948 articles, of which 70 were included. We identified many different patient-related characteristics, which we grouped into four categories related to: (1) the individual who is facing the decision, (2) the decision, (3) the relationship between the patient and the clinician and others involved in the decision, and (4) the healthcare context. Conclusions: Studies report a variety of patient-related characteristics that may affect patient involvement in SDM. Amongst others, patients may need to feel informed, to understand their role in SDM, and be able to communicate. Involvement may be challenging with characteristics such as perceived time pressure, poor patient-clinician relationships, emotional distress, and severe illness. Practice implications: In order to truly involve patients in SDM, we might need to focus on characteristics such as patient emotions and relationship building, besides information provision and values clarification.

Aim: Family carers play an important role in cancer care. However, many carers report feeling disempowered and ill‐equipped to support patients. Our group published the evidence‐based ‘TRIO Guidelines’ to improve clinician's engagement with carers and management of challenging situations in the cancer setting. To facilitate implementation of these guidelines into clinical practice, we have developed two novel online education modules: for oncology clinicians (eTRIO) and for cancer patients and carers (eTRIO‐pc). Methods: The eTRIO modules were based on extensive prior research by our group (systematic reviews, qualitative interviews, consultation analyses and Delphi consensus guidelines). Draft module content was iteratively reviewed by an expert advisory group involving academic/clinical experts (n = 13) and consumers (n = 5). User experience testing of the modules was completed by clinicians (n = 5), patients (n = 5) and carers (n = 5). Results: Both programs utilise interactive web‐technology to promote learners’ engagement and uptake of key skills. The clinician module includes nine professionally produced short films (with embedded trigger activities) modelling effective clinician behaviours. Reflective practice is encouraged via self‐assessments and clinical scenarios. The patient‐carer module includes three professionally produced films which model key carer skills (such as advocating for a patient's unmet needs), as well as experiential content provided via video messages from consumers and clinicians. Interactive activities such as a consultation question list builder are also included. A national RCT is currently evaluating the effectiveness of the combined modules in improving: (a) carer involvement in consultations, (b) stakeholders’ self‐efficacy in clinician‐patient‐family communication, (c) patient/carer psychosocial outcomes and (d) healthcare costs. Conclusions: The eTRIO programs have been rigorously devel