Author: "Laboratoire de biomécanique (LBM)" - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

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1. Quantitative geometric analysis of rib, costal cartilage and sternum from childhood to teenagehood

Author: Baptiste Sandoz, Karene Lambot, Wafa Skalli, Alina Badina, Sébastien Laporte, David Mitton, Laboratoire de biomécanique (LBM), Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Laboratoire de Biomécanique et Mécanique des Chocs (LBMC UMR T9406), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR), Grant from the ANR (SECUR_ENFANT 06_0385) and supported by the GDR 2610 'Biomécanique des chocs' (CNRS/INRETS/GIE PSA Renault), Laboratoire de biomécanique ( LBM ), Université Paris 13 ( UP13 ) -Université Sorbonne Paris Cité ( USPC ) -Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 ( UPEC UP12 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ), Laboratoire de Biomécanique et Mécanique des Chocs ( LBMC UMR T9406 ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux ( IFSTTAR ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Université Paris 13 (UP13), supported by the GDR 2610 'Biomécanique des chocs' (CNRS/INRETS/GIE PSA Renault), and ANR-06-BLAN-0385,SECUR_ENFANT,Sécurité de l'enfant usager des transports : amélioration de la biofidélité des modèles numériques(2006)
Subjects: Male, musculoskeletal diseases, Thorax, Sternum, Adolescent, 0206 medical engineering, rib, Biomedical Engineering, Ribs, Age dependent, 02 engineering and technology, costal index, Statistics, Nonparametric, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, 03 medical and health sciences, Imaging, Three-Dimensional, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Humans, Thoracic ct, 3d geometry, [PHYS.MECA.BIOM]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Biomechanics [physics.med-ph], cartilage, Mécanique: Biomécanique [Sciences de l'ingénieur], [ PHYS.MECA.BIOM ] Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Biomechanics [physics.med-ph], thorax, child, Rib cage, business.industry, Cartilage, Infant, [SPI.MECA.BIOM]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Biomechanics [physics.med-ph], Anatomy, musculoskeletal system, Costal cartilage, 020601 biomedical engineering, Computer Science Applications, medicine.anatomical_structure, Child, Preschool, Female, Radiography, Thoracic, [ SPI.MECA.BIOM ] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Biomechanics [physics.med-ph], Tomography, X-Ray Computed, business
Abstract: Better understanding of the effects of growth on children’s bones and cartilage is necessary for clinical and biomechanical purposes. The aim of this study is to define the 3D geometry of children’s rib cages: including sternum, ribs and costal cartilage. Three-dimensional reconstructions of 960 ribs, 518 costal cartilages and 113 sternebrae were performed on thoracic CT-scans of 48 children, aged four months to 15 years. The geometry of the sternum was detailed and nine parameters were used to describe the ribs and rib cages. A "costal index" was defined as the ratio between cartilage length and whole rib length to evaluate the cartilage ratio for each rib level. For all children, the costal index decreased from rib level one to three and increased from level three to seven. For all levels, the cartilage accounted for 45 to 60% of the rib length, and was longer for the first years of life. The mean costal index decreased by 21% for subjects over three years old compared to those under three (p
Published: 2013

2. 3D analysis from micro-MRI during in situ compression on cancellous bone

Author: Geneviève Guillot, François Hild, Jean-Noël Périé, Aurélie Benoit, Brigitte Gillet, David Mitton, Stéphane Roux, Sandra Guérard, Laboratoire de biomécanique (LBM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Université Paris 13 (UP13), Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles (ICSN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Unite de recherche en résonance magnétique médicale (U2R2M), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Hôpital Bicêtre-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Mécanique et Technologie (LMT), École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hild, François, Laboratoire de biomécanique ( LBM ), Université Paris 13 ( UP13 ) -Université Sorbonne Paris Cité ( USPC ) -Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 ( UPEC UP12 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles ( ICSN ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Unite de recherche en résonance magnétique médicale ( U2R2M ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Hôpital Bicêtre-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire de Mécanique et Technologie ( LMT ), and École normale supérieure - Cachan ( ENS Cachan ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS )
Subjects: Mechanical characterization, Materials science, Compressive Strength, Biomedical Engineering, Biophysics, 02 engineering and technology, In Vitro Techniques, Models, Biological, 01 natural sciences, [SPI.MECA.MEMA] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Mechanics of materials [physics.class-ph], Displacement (vector), [PHYS.MECA.MEMA]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Mechanics of materials [physics.class-ph], 010309 optics, Imaging, Three-Dimensional, [PHYS.MECA.MEMA] Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Mechanics of materials [physics.class-ph], 0203 mechanical engineering, Elastic Modulus, Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted, [SPI.MECA.MEMA]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Mechanics of materials [physics.class-ph], 0103 physical sciences, 3D digital image correlation, medicine, Animals, Computer Simulation, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Mécanique: Mécanique des matériaux [Sciences de l'ingénieur], Mécanique: Biomécanique [Sciences de l'ingénieur], Noise (signal processing), Cancellous bone, Rehabilitation, Femur Head, Compression (physics), Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 020303 mechanical engineering & transports, medicine.anatomical_structure, Compressive strength, Sample size determination, [ PHYS.MECA.MEMA ] Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Mechanics of materials [physics.class-ph], [ SPI.MECA.MEMA ] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Mechanics of materials [physics.class-ph], Representative elementary volume, Feasibility Studies, Cattle, Stress, Mechanical, Biomedical engineering, Volume (compression)
Abstract: The authors would like to acknowledge Claude Verliac and Joachim Magnier for technical advice on the manufacturing process of the mechanical loading system. A mini-compression jig was built to perform in situ tests on bovine trabecular bone monitored by micro-MRI. The MRI antenna provided an isotropic resolution of 78 microm that allows for a volume correlation method to be used. Three-dimensional displacement fields are then evaluated within the bone sample during the compression test. The performances of the correlation method are evaluated and discussed to validate the technique on trabecular bone. By considering correlation residuals and estimates of acquisition noise, the measured results are shown to be trustworthy. By analyzing average strain levels for different interrogation volumes along the loading direction, it is shown that the sample size is less than that of a representative volume element. This study shows the feasibility of the 3D-displacement and strain field analyses from micro-MRI images. Other biological tissues could be considered in future work.
Published: 2009

3. Six Months vs Extended Oral Anticoagulation After a First Episode of Pulmonary Embolism: The PADIS-PE Randomized Clinical Trial

Author: Karine Provost, Gilles Pernod, Francis Couturaud, Philippe Castellant, Philippe Lorillon, Karine Lacut, Patrick Jego, Silvy Laporte, Elisabeth Duhamel, Jean-Luc Bosson, Patrick Mismetti, Christophe Leroyer, Claire Bal dit Sollier, Dominique Mottier, Pierre-Yves Salaun, Marie Guegan, Florence Parent, Philippe Girard, Michel Nonent, Emilie Presles, Hervé Decousus, Olivier Sanchez, Guy Meyer, Luc Bressollette, GIRC Thrombose, Département de Médecine Interne et Pneumologie [Brest] (DMIP - Brest), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Brest (CHRU Brest), Groupe d'Etude de la Thrombose de Bretagne Occidentale (GETBO), Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Brestois Santé Agro Matière (IBSAM), Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Brest (UBO), Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] (HEGP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO), Paris-Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (PARCC - UMR-S U970), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] (HEGP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO), Département de Médecine Vasculaire (GP - DMV), CHU Grenoble, Centre d'Investigation Clinique - Epidemiologie Clinique/essais Cliniques Saint Etienne, Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Groupe de recherche sur la thrombose (GRT (EA 3065)), Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM), Service de médecine interne, Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-hôpital Sud, Service de Médecine Interne (Med Int - SAINT BRIEUC), CH Saint Brieuc, Optimisation des régulations physiologiques (ORPHY (EA 4324)), Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Brest (CHRU Brest)-Institut Brestois Santé Agro Matière (IBSAM), Service de Pneumologie, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Bicêtre-Centre de Référence de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire Sévère, Département de radiologie [Brest] (DR - Brest), Département Thoracique (DT - Montsouris), Institut Mutualiste de Montsouris (IMM), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC - Brest), Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre d'Investigation Clinique [Grenoble] (CIC Grenoble), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-CHU Grenoble-Hôpital Michallon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Laboratoire de biomécanique (LBM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Université Paris 13 (UP13), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service de Médecine interne et immunologie clinique [Rennes] = internal medicine and clinical immunology [Rennes], CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Brest (UBO), Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] (HEGP), Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Hôpital Sud, Institut Brestois Santé Agro Matière (IBSAM), Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Brest (CHRU Brest), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Hôpital Bicêtre-Centre de Référence de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire Sévère, Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-CHU Grenoble-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Hôpital Michallon, Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Brestois Santé Agro Matière (IBSAM), Département de Médecine Interne et Pneumologie [Brest] ( DMIP - Brest ), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Brest ( CHRU Brest ), Groupe d'Etude de la Thrombose de Bretagne Occidentale ( GETBO ), Université de Brest ( UBO ), Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] ( HEGP ), Paris-Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire ( PARCC - U970 ), Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] ( HEGP ) -Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Département de Médecine Vasculaire ( GP - DMV ), Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] ( UJM ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Groupe de recherche sur la thrombose ( GRT (EA 3065) ), Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] ( UJM ), Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Hôpital Sud, Service de Médecine Interne ( Med Int - SAINT BRIEUC ), Optimisation des régulations physiologiques ( ORPHY (EA 4324) ), Institut Brestois Santé Agro Matière ( IBSAM ), Université de Brest ( UBO ) -Université de Brest ( UBO ) -Université de Brest ( UBO ) -Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Brest ( CHRU Brest ), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-Hôpital Bicêtre-Centre de Référence de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire Sévère, Département de radiologie [Brest] ( DR - Brest ), Département Thoracique ( DT - Montsouris ), Institut Mutualiste de Montsouris ( IMM ), Centre d'Investigation Clinique ( CIC - Brest ), Université de Brest ( UBO ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), CIC Grenoble, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -CHU Grenoble-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Hôpital Albert Michallon, Laboratoire de biomécanique ( LBM ), and Université Paris 13 ( UP13 ) -Université Sorbonne Paris Cité ( USPC ) -Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 ( UPEC UP12 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS )
Subjects: Adult, medicine.drug_class, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Pulmonary Embolism/*drug therapy, Placebo, Drug Administration Schedule, law.invention, Randomized controlled trial, Double-Blind Method, [SDV.MHEP.CSC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Cardiology and cardiovascular system, law, Recurrence, [ SDV.MHEP ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, Hemorrhage/chemically induced, medicine, Humans, Aged, First episode, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], business.industry, Anticoagulants/*administration & dosage/adverse effects, Warfarin, General Medicine, [ SDV.MHEP.CSC ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Cardiology and cardiovascular system, Vitamin K antagonist, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Thrombosis, 3. Good health, Pulmonary embolism, Discontinuation, Anesthesia, business, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, medicine.drug
Abstract: International audience; The optimal duration of anticoagulation after a first episode of unprovoked pulmonary embolism is uncertain. To determine the benefits and harms of an additional 18-month treatment with warfarin vs placebo, after an initial 6-month nonrandomized treatment period on a vitamin K antagonist. Randomized, double-blind trial (treatment period, 18 months; median follow-up, 24 months); 371 adult patients who had experienced a first episode of symptomatic unprovoked pulmonary embolism (ie, with no major risk factor for thrombosis) and had been treated initially for 6 uninterrupted months with a vitamin K antagonist were randomized and followed up between July 2007 and September 2014 in 14 French centers. Warfarin or placebo for 18 months. The primary outcome was the composite of recurrent venous thromboembolism or major bleeding at 18 months after randomization. Secondary outcomes were the composite at 42 months (treatment period plus 24-month follow-up), as well as each component of the composite, and death unrelated to pulmonary embolism or major bleeding, at 18 and 42 months. After randomization, 4 patients were lost to follow-up, all after month 18, and 1 withdrew due to an adverse event. During the 18-month treatment period, the primary outcome occurred in 6 of 184 patients (3.3%) in the warfarin group and in 25 of 187 (13.5%) in the placebo group (hazard ratio [HR], 0.22; 95% CI, 0.09-0.55; P = .001). Recurrent venous thromboembolism occurred in 3 patients in the warfarin group and 25 patients in the placebo group (HR, 0.15; 95% CI, 0.05-0.43); major bleeding occurred in 4 patients in the warfarin group and in 1 patient in the placebo group (HR, 3.96; 95% CI, 0.44 to 35.89). During the 42-month entire study period (including the study treatment and follow-up periods), the composite outcome occurred in 33 patients (20.8%) in the warfarin group and in 42 (24.0%) in the placebo group (HR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.47-1.18). Rates of recurrent venous thromboembolism, major bleeding, and unrelated death did not differ between groups. Among patients with a first episode of unprovoked pulmonary embolism who received 6 months of anticoagulant treatment, an additional 18 months of treatment with warfarin reduced the composite outcome of recurrent venous thrombosis and major bleeding compared with placebo. However, benefit was not maintained after discontinuation of anticoagulation therapy. clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00740883.
Published: 2015

4. Variability of Child Rib Bone Hounsfield Units using in vivo Computed Tomography

Author: Sandoz, B., Sidelkeir, Z., Badina, A., François Bermond, Mitton, D., Skalli, W., Laboratoire de biomécanique (LBM), Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Laboratoire de Biomécanique et Mécanique des Chocs (LBMC UMR T9406), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Université Paris 13 (UP13), Laboratoire de biomécanique ( LBM ), Université Paris 13 ( UP13 ) -Université Sorbonne Paris Cité ( USPC ) -Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 ( UPEC UP12 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ), Laboratoire de Biomécanique et Mécanique des Chocs ( LBMC UMR T9406 ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux ( IFSTTAR )
Subjects: musculoskeletal diseases, Hounsfield Units, child, [ INFO.INFO-TS ] Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image Processing, rib, [SPI.MECA.BIOM]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Biomechanics [physics.med-ph], [ SPI.SIGNAL ] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, CT-scan, musculoskeletal system, [INFO.INFO-TS]Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image Processing, [ SPI.MECA.BIOM ] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Biomechanics [physics.med-ph], [PHYS.MECA.BIOM]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Biomechanics [physics.med-ph], [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, Mécanique: Biomécanique [Sciences de l'ingénieur], Traitement du signal et de l'image [Sciences de l'ingénieur], [ PHYS.MECA.BIOM ] Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Biomechanics [physics.med-ph]
Abstract: International audience; The variability assessment of the rib bone mechanical properties during the growth process is still missing. These properties could not be obtained in vivo on children. Relationships have been obtained between Hounsfield Units from computed tomography (CT) and mechanical properties (e.g. for the cortical bone on adults). As a first step for investigation of the mechanical properties of child ribs, the aim of this study was to determine the Hounsfield Units variation of child ribs from CT‐scan data, by rib level, along the rib and within the rib sections. Twenty‐seven right ribs of levels 4, 6 and 9 were processed from 11 thoracic CT scans of children without bone lesions aged between 1 and 10 years. A first set of 10 equidistributed cross‐sections normal to the rib midline were extracted. Sixteen equally distributed elements defined 4 areas into the cortical band: internal, external, caudal and cranial. Within the rib sections, Hounsfield Units were found significantly higher in internal and external areas than in caudal and cranial. In a further step using calibrated CT scans, it would be possible to derive the mechanical properties of in vivo child ribs using bone density correlation with Hounsfield Units.
Published: 2013

5. A novel dataset and deep learning-based approach for marker-less motion capture during gait

Author: Wafa Skalli, Marc Khalifé, Mathis Renaudin, Saman Vafadar, Amine Hamza, Aurore Bonnet-Lebrun, Laurent Gajny, Institut de Biomécanique Humaine Georges Charpak (IBHGC), Université Sorbonne Paris Nord-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM), Laboratoire de biomécanique (LBM), Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] (HEGP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO), and HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)
Subjects: Adult, Male, Adolescent, Computer science, Biophysics, Datasets as Topic, Convolutional Neural Network, Motion capture, [INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI], Motion, Young Adult, Intelligence artificielle [Informatique], 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Gait (human), Humans, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted, Child, Gait, Pose, markerless, Human pose estimation, business.industry, Deep learning, Homogeneity (statistics), Vision par ordinateur et reconnaissance de formes [Informatique], Rehabilitation, ingénierie bio-médicale [Sciences du vivant], [INFO.INFO-CV]Computer Science [cs]/Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition [cs.CV], Pattern recognition, 030229 sport sciences, Euclidean distance, Gait analysis, Test set, Female, [SDV.IB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering, Artificial intelligence, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: International audience; Background: The deep learning-based human pose estimation methods, which can estimate joint centers position, have achieved promising results on the publicly available human pose datasets (e.g., Human3.6 M). However, these datasets may be less efficient for gait study, particularly for clinical applications, because of the limited number of subjects, their homogeneity (all asymptomatic adults), and the errors introduced by marker placement on subjects’ regular clothing. Research question: How a new human pose dataset, adapted for gait study, could contribute to the advancement and evaluation of marker-less motion capture systems? Methods: A marker-less system, based on deep learning-based pose estimation methods, was proposed. A new dataset (ENSAM dataset) was collected. Twenty-two asymptomatic adults, one adult with scoliosis, one adult with spondylolisthesis, and seven children with bone disease performed ten walking trials, while being recorded both by the proposed marker-less system and a reference system – combining a marker-based motion capture system and a medical imaging system (EOS). The dataset was split into training and test sets. The pose estimation method, already trained on the Human3.6 M dataset, was evaluated on the ENSAM test set, then reevaluated after further training on the ENSAM training set. The joints coordinates were evaluated, using Bland-Altman bias and 95 % confidence interval, and joint position error (the Euclidean distance between the estimated joint centers and the corresponding reference values). Results: The Bland-Altman 95 % confidence intervals were substantially improved after finetuning the pose estimation method on the ENSAM training set (e.g., from 106.9 mm to 17.4 mm for the hip joint). With the new dataset and approach, the mean joint position error varied from 6.2 mm for ankles to 21.1 mm for shoulders. Significance: The proposed marker-less system achieved promising results in terms of joint position errors. Future studies are necessary to assess the system in terms of gait parameters.
Published: 2021

6. Phenotyping Polarization Dynamics Of Immune Cells Using A Lipid Droplet - Cell Pairing Microfluidic Platform

Author: Léa Pinon, Nicolas Ruyssen, Judith Pineau, Olivier Mesdjian, Damien Cuvelier, Anna Chipont, Rachele Allena, Coralie L. Guerin, Sophie Asnacios, Atef Asnacios, Paolo Pierobon, Jacques Fattaccioli, Institut de Biomécanique Humaine Georges Charpak (IBHGC), Université Sorbonne Paris Nord-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM), Institut Curie [Paris], Physico-Chimie-Curie (PCC), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut Curie [Paris]-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris-Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (PARCC - UMR-S U970), Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] (HEGP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Laboratoire de biomécanique (LBM), Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Matière et Systèmes Complexes (MSC (UMR_7057)), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Sorbonne Université - Faculté de Physique (UFR 925), Sorbonne Université (SU), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Immunité et cancer (U932), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut Curie [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Physicochimie des Electrolytes, Colloïdes et Sciences Analytiques (PECSA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Ecole Superieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Colloïdes et Matériaux Divisés (LCMD), Ecole Superieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI Paris), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SDV.BBM.BP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Biophysics, [SDV.BC.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology/Subcellular Processes [q-bio.SC], [SPI.MECA.MEFL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Fluids mechanics [physics.class-ph]
Abstract: The immune synapse is the tight contact zone between a lymphocyte and a cell presenting its cognate antigen. This structure serves as a signaling platform and entails a polarization of intra-cellular components, necessary to the immunological function of the cell. While the surface properties of the presenting cell are known to control the formation of the synapse, their impact on polarization has not yet been studied.Using functional lipid droplets as tunable artificial presenting cells combined with a microfluidic pairing device, we simultaneously observe synchronized synapses and dynamically quantify polarization patterns of individual B cells. By assessing how ligand concentration, surface fluidity and substrate rigidity impact lysosome polarization, we show that its onset and kinetics depend on the local antigen concentration at the synapse and on substrate rigidity. Our experimental system enables a fine phenotyping of monoclonal cell populations based on their synaptic readout.
Published: 2021

7. Quasi-automatic early detection of progressive idiopathic scoliosis from biplanar radiography: a preliminary validation

Author: Ismat Ghanem, Eric Ebermeyer, Kariman Abelin-Genevois, Claudio Vergari, Raphaël Vialle, Jean Dubousset, Tristan Langlais, Ayman Assi, Wafa Skalli, Isabelle Courtois, Youngwoo Kim, Laurent Gajny, Institut de Biomecanique Humaine Georges Charpak, Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Arts et Métiers ParisTech, Laboratoire de biomécanique (LBM), Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis - Faculté de Médecine (UNS UFR Médecine), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA), Service de chirurgie orthopédique et reconstructive pédiatrique [CHU Trousseau], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Trousseau [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Service des thérapies innovantes pour les maladies musculo-squelettiques [CHU Trousseau], Sorbonne Université (SU), Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth (USJ), Chirurgie orthopédique et pédiatrique [Hôpital de la Timone - APHM], Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)- Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE), BiomecAM, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Université Paris 13 (UP13), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), CHU Trousseau [APHP], and Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)
Subjects: Male, Adolescent, [SDV.IB.IMA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering/Imaging, Early detection, Idiopathic scoliosis, Sciences de l'ingénieur, Sensitivity and Specificity, Severity of Illness Index, Early initiation, 03 medical and health sciences, Imaging, Three-Dimensional, 0302 clinical medicine, Humans, Medicine, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Child, [SDV.MHEP.PED]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pediatrics, 030222 orthopedics, Reproducibility, Braces, business.industry, Reproducibility of Results, Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis · 3D reconstruction · Reliability · Feature extraction · Severity index, Spine, Biplanar radiography, Brace, Treatment efficacy, Radiography, Early Diagnosis, Scoliosis, [SDV.MHEP.RSOA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Rhumatology and musculoskeletal system, Disease Progression, Sciences du vivant, Female, Surgery, Nuclear medicine, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Kappa
Abstract: To validate the predictive power and reliability of a novel quasi-automatic method to calculate the severity index of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). Fifty-five AIS patients were prospectively included (age 10–15, Cobb 16° ± 4°). Patients underwent low-dose biplanar X-rays, and a novel fast method for 3D reconstruction of the spine was performed. They were followed until skeletal maturity (stable patients) or brace prescription (progressive patients). The severity index was calculated at the first examination, based on 3D parameters of the scoliotic curve, and it was compared with the patient’s final outcome (progressive or stable). Three operators have repeated the 3D reconstruction twice for a subset of 30 patients to assess reproducibility (through Cohen’s kappa and intra-class correlation coefficient). Eighty-five percentage of the patients were correctly classified as stable or progressive by the severity index, with a sensitivity of 92% and specificity of 74%. Substantial intra-operator agreement and good inter-operator agreement were observed, with 80% of the progressive patients correctly detected at the first examination. The novel severity index assessment took less than 4 min of operator time. The fast and semiautomatic method for 3D reconstruction developed in this work allowed for a fast and reliable calculation of the severity index. The method is fast and user friendly. Once extensively validated, this severity index could allow very early initiation of conservative treatment for progressive patients, thus increasing treatment efficacy and therefore reducing the need for corrective surgery. These slides can be retrieved under Electronic Supplementary Material.
Published: 2019

8. A Mechanical Descriptor of Instability in Human Locomotion: Experimental Findings in Control Subjects and People with Transfemoral Amputation

Author: Bruno Watier, Nahime Al Abiad, Hélène Pillet, Équipe Mouvement des Systèmes Anthropomorphes (LAAS-GEPETTO), Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes (LAAS), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT), Laboratoire de biomécanique (LBM), Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-18-CE10-0003,CoBot,Collaborative Robot(2018), ANR-18-CE27-0010,HoBiS,Bipédies des Hominines : Analyse de la marche bipède des Hominines par la Morphologie Fonctionnelle Spécimen-Spécifique(2018), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1)
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Minimal moment axis, 0206 medical engineering, Population, transfemoral amputation, 02 engineering and technology, gait, lcsh:Technology, biomechanics, lcsh:Chemistry, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Gait (human), Physical medicine and rehabilitation, medicine, Biomechanics, General Materials Science, Force platform, [PHYS.MECA.BIOM]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Biomechanics [physics.med-ph], Transfemoral amputation, education, Dynamic balance, lcsh:QH301-705.5, Gait, Instrumentation, Balance (ability), Mathematics, minimal moment axis, Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes, education.field_of_study, lcsh:T, Process Chemistry and Technology, General Engineering, dynamic balance, 020601 biomedical engineering, lcsh:QC1-999, Computer Science Applications, Exoskeleton, lcsh:Biology (General), lcsh:QD1-999, lcsh:TA1-2040, Sciences du vivant, lcsh:Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), lcsh:Physics, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Humanoid robot
Abstract: While multiple criteria to quantify gait instability exist, some limitations hinder their computation during realistic walking conditions. A descriptor, computed as the distance between the center of mass of the body and the minimal moment axis ( d C O M − Δ ) , has been proposed recently. This present study aims at characterizing the behavior of the mentioned descriptor in a population at a higher risk of falls. Five individuals with transfemoral amputation and 14 healthy individuals were involved in an experiment composed of motion capture and force plates acquisition during overground walking at a self-selected speed. For both groups of participants, the profile of d C O M − Δ was analyzed and descriptive parameters were calculated. The plot of d C O M − Δ was different between groups and different relative to the leading limb considered (prosthetic or contralateral). All descriptive parameters calculated, except one, were statistically different between groups. As a conclusion, amputees seem to be able to limit the average of d C O M − Δ in spite of a different evolution pattern. This is consistent with the ability of the subjects to maintain their dynamic balance. However, the extracted parameters showed the significant asymmetry of the gait profile between prosthetic and contralateral stances and highlighted the potential sources of imbalance.
Published: 2020

9. Morphologic and radiologic parameters correlating to shoulder function at diagnosis for patients with rotator cuff tear

Author: Wafa Skalli, Clarisse Bascans, Anne-Marie Cauchon, Nicola Hagemeister, Patrice Tétreault, Université de Montréal (UdeM), Ecole de Technologie Supérieure [Montréal] (ETS), Institut de Biomécanique Humaine Georges Charpak (IBHGC), Université Sorbonne Paris Nord-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM), Laboratoire de biomécanique (LBM), Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, and HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)
Subjects: Male, Shoulders, [SDV.IB.IMA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering/Imaging, Radiography, Deltoid curve, Rotator cuff tear, Rotator Cuff Injuries, 03 medical and health sciences, Rotator Cuff, Shoulder morphology, 0302 clinical medicine, Imaging, Three-Dimensional, Radiology of shoulder, Linear regression, Shoulder function, Medicine, Humans, Rotator cuff, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Prospective Studies, 030222 orthopedics, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Shoulder Joint, Reproducibility of Results, Magnetic resonance imaging, 030229 sport sciences, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Muscular Atrophy, medicine.anatomical_structure, 3D reconstruction of shoulder, [SDV.MHEP.RSOA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Rhumatology and musculoskeletal system, Linear regression model, Sciences du vivant, Tears, Female, Surgery, business, Nuclear medicine
Abstract: International audience; Background: The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) parameters used to diagnose rotator cuff tears are weakly correlated to shoulder function. Our hypothesis was that adding 3-dimensional morphologic parameters resulting from biplanar radiographs (3DXR parameters) to the MRI parameters would improve this correlation.Methods: We assessed 52 patients with rotator cuff tears with an EOS Imaging radiographic examination, MRI study, and clinical evaluation of the shoulder, as well as the Constant score. The bones of the 52 shoulders were reconstructed 3-dimensionally, and eleven 3DXR parameters were automatically extracted. First, the trueness and reliability of these parameters were evaluated. Then, bivariate correlations between each parameter and the Constant score were made. A linear regression model was subsequently built to correlate the 11 parameters and 5 MRI findings with shoulder function at diagnosis, as assessed by the Constant score.Results: The parameters showed good trueness and reliability of most 3DXR parameters. Supraspinatus tear extension, muscle atrophy, and the distance between the greater and deltoid tuberosities were the only parameters with a statistically significant correlation to a lower Constant score (P < .05) in the bivariate study. These correlations were either weak or negligible. A regression model was successfully built with one MRI parameter and four 3DXR parameters. Correlation to function increased from 16.7% to 43.3% with this model.Conclusion: For patients with rotator cuff tears, the combination of MRI and 3DXR parameters of the shoulder in a linear regression model improves the correlation with the Constant score (shoulder function) at diagnosis.
Published: 2020

10. International electronic health record-derived COVID-19 clinical course profiles: the 4CE consortium

Author: Amelia L.M. Tan, Romain Griffier, Luca Chiovato, Bertrand Moal, Thomas Moreau, Isaac S. Kohane, Mauro Bucalo, Jean Craig, Kee Yuan Ngiam, Olivier Grisel, Lav P Patel, Stephane Breant, Gabriel A. Brat, John J. Holmes, Nicolas Griffon, Batsal Devkota, Alberto Malovini, Katie Kirchoff, Douglas S. Bell, Hans U. Prokosch, Mark Keller, Charlotte Caucheteux, Antonio Bellasi, Robert W Follett, Vianney Jouhet, Julien Champ, Ian D. Krantz, Nina Orlova, Arthur Mensch, Nicolas Paris, Silvano Bosari, Andrew M South, Arnaud Sandrin, Shawn N. Murphy, Arnaud Serret-Larmande, Kenneth D. Mandl, Mohamad Daniar, Christel Daniel, Alberto Zambelli, Anne-Sophie Jannot, Jihad S. Obeid, Loic Esteve, Jason H. Moore, Lemuel R. Waitman, Nils Gehlenborg, Jeffrey G. Klann, Martin Boeker, Judith Leblanc, Mélodie Bernaux, Valentina Tibollo, Patricia Martel, Sehi L'Yi, Vincent Benoit, Sébastien Cossin, James J. Cimino, Thomas Ganslandt, Guillaume Lemaitre, Paul Avillach, Patricia Serre, Robert L. Bradford, Alexandre Gramfort, Detlef Kraska, Emily Schiver, Griffin M. Weber, Demian Wassermann, Gaël Varoquaux, Sylvie Cormont, Anita Burgun, Gilbert S. Omenn, Elisa Salamanca, Luigia Scudeller, Tianxi Cai, Romain Bey, Nathan Palmer, Riccardo Bellazzi, Tobias Gradinger, Alba Gutiérrez-Sacristán, Piotr Sliz, Damien Leprovost, Christian Haverkamp, Danielle L. Mowery, Douglas A. Murad, Julien Dubiel, David A. Hanauer, Brett K. Beaulieu-Jones, Jill-Jênn Vie, Martin Hilka, Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS), Università degli Studi di Pavia = University of Pavia (UNIPV), University of Alabama at Birmingham [ Birmingham] (UAB), David Geffen School of Medicine [Los Angeles], University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), University of Kansas [Kansas City], Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] (HEGP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO), University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri [Pavia] (IRCCS Pavia - ICS Maugeri), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Massachusetts General Hospital [Boston], Laboratory for BioMedical Informatics (BMI), University of Michigan Medical School [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System-University of Michigan System, AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Boston Children's Hospital, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele [Milan, Italy], BIOMERIS [Pavia], Medical University of South Carolina [Charleston] (MUSC), Unité d'épidémiologie, biostatistique et registre des cancers [Poitou-Charentes], Bordeaux population health (BPH), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CHU Bordeaux [Bordeaux], Université de Bordeaux (UB), Laboratoire de biomécanique (LBM), Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII [Bergamo, Italy], Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen [Erlangen], National University Health System [Singapore] (NUHS), Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP ), North Carolina Translational and Clinical Sciences [Chapel Hill] (NC TraCS), University of North Carolina [Chapel Hill] (UNC), University of North Carolina System (UNC)-University of North Carolina System (UNC), Laboratoire d'Informatique Médicale et Ingénierie des Connaissances en e-Santé (LIMICS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Infection et inflammation (2I), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Laboratoire d'Informatique, de Traitement de l'Information et des Systèmes (LITIS), Université Le Havre Normandie (ULH), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Service d'informatique médicale et biostatistiques [CHU Necker], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Service d'informatique médicale, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO), Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers (CRC (UMR_S_1138 / U1138)), École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg] = Heidelberg University, Scientific Data Management (ZENITH), Laboratoire d'Informatique de Robotique et de Microélectronique de Montpellier (LIRMM), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), University of Freiburg [Freiburg], Modelling brain structure, function and variability based on high-field MRI data (PARIETAL), Service NEUROSPIN (NEUROSPIN), Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Inria Saclay - Ile de France, Clevy.io - Agents conversationnels à destination des grandes entreprises et du secteur public [Paris] (clevy.io), Montreal Institute for Learning Algorithms [Montréal] (MILA), Centre de Recherches Mathématiques [Montréal] (CRM), Université de Montréal (UdeM)-Université de Montréal (UdeM), McConnell Brain Imaging Centre (MNI), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]-McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], Scool (Scool), Inria Lille - Nord Europe, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille - UMR 9189 (CRIStAL), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille - UMR 9189 (CRIStAL), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École polytechnique (X), Università degli Studi di Milano = University of Milan (UNIMI), Jefferson (Philadelphia University + Thomas Jefferson University), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, SCIKIT EDS, University of Pennsylvania [Philadelphia], Modélisation Conceptuelle des Connaissances Biomédicales, Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg], University of Pavia, University of California-University of California, Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Université Le Havre Normandie (ULH), Normandie Université (NU), Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique )-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM), Inria Saclay - Ile de France, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Service NEUROSPIN (NEUROSPIN), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, and Università degli Studi di Milano [Milano] (UNIMI)
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Test data generation, Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics, Psychological intervention, R858-859.7, Medicine (miscellaneous), Health Informatics, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, lcsh:Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Databases, 0302 clinical medicine, Resource (project management), Health Information Management, Epidemiology, medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-ATOM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atomic Physics [physics.atom-ph], ERIAS, Data science, 3. Good health, Computer Science Applications, Good Health and Well Being, Outcomes research, Viral infection, Informatics, General partnership, lcsh:R858-859.7, Observational study
Abstract: We leveraged the largely untapped resource of electronic health record data to address critical clinical and epidemiological questions about Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). To do this, we formed an international consortium (4CE) of 96 hospitals across five countries (www.covidclinical.net). Contributors utilized the Informatics for Integrating Biology and the Bedside (i2b2) or Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership (OMOP) platforms to map to a common data model. The group focused on temporal changes in key laboratory test values. Harmonized data were analyzed locally and converted to a shared aggregate form for rapid analysis and visualization of regional differences and global commonalities. Data covered 27,584 COVID-19 cases with 187,802 laboratory tests. Case counts and laboratory trajectories were concordant with existing literature. Laboratory tests at the time of diagnosis showed hospital-level differences equivalent to country-level variation across the consortium partners. Despite the limitations of decentralized data generation, we established a framework to capture the trajectory of COVID-19 disease in patients and their response to interventions.
Published: 2020

11. Computation of Intersegmental Moments during Standing Posture: Can We Neglect the Horizontal Ground Reaction Force? Results from an Experimental Study

Author: Stéphane Fuentes, Vincent Pomero, Patrick Tropiano, Bertrand Moal, Sébastien Pesenti, Solène Prost, Benjamin Blondel, Jean-Luc Jouve, Virginie Lafage, Aix-Marseille Université - Faculté de médecine (AMU MED), Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Institut des Sciences du Mouvement Etienne Jules Marey (ISM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de biomécanique (LBM), Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département de Neurochirurgie [CHU Timone], Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE), Service d'orthopédie et de chirurgie vertébrale, Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2, Hospital for Special Surgery, Chirurgie orthopédique et pédiatrique [Hôpital de la Timone - APHM], Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)- Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE), Service de Chirurgie orthopédique et traumatologie, Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Legouest, Service de Santé des Armées-Service de Santé des Armées, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Université Paris 13 (UP13), and PESENTI, Sébastien
Subjects: Article Subject, [SDV.BA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, Computation, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Center of pressure (terrestrial locomotion), lcsh:Orthopedic surgery, Medicine, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Force platform, Ground reaction force, 030222 orthopedics, [SDV.BA.MVSA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Veterinary medicine and animal Health, business.industry, [SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, Body segment, [SDV.BA.MVSA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Veterinary medicine and animal Health, Structural engineering, Sagittal plane, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], lcsh:RD701-811, medicine.anatomical_structure, [SHS] Humanities and Social Sciences, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Research Article
Abstract: Background. The development of postural analysis thanks to force and pressure platforms, in order to determine the center of pressure, can be valuable in the setting of spinal malalignment. The purpose of this study was to compare “pressure” and “force” platforms for the evaluation of the center of pressure. In other words, can we neglect the horizontal ground reaction force in the evaluation of intersegmental moments during standing posture? Methods. Postural data from two healthy adult volunteers were analyzed. Analysis of the posture was done according to a protocol providing sagittal intersegmental moments. A set of 36 markers was used to divide the body in 10 segments. Postacquisition calculations were done in order to obtain the sagittal net intersegmental moments. To evaluate the differences in intersegmental moments between force and pressure platforms, the postacquisition calculations were done with a simulated pressure platform. Mean intersegmental moments between each body segment for each volunteer were compared. Findings. There were significant differences between the 2 platforms in intersegmental moments for the lumbo-sacral junction, hips, knees, and ankles (p<0.005). All differences were inferior to intrasubject variability measured with the force platform (p<0.001). Results from intra- and interobserver comparisons showed that differences measured with the pressure platform were all inferior to the standard error obtained with the force platform for every intersegmental moment (p<0.001). Interpretation. The use of a simulated pressure platform to determine intersegmental moments has the same clinical efficiency as force platforms. Moreover, the possibility to set the platform into the radiograph room will allow in a second time a correlation between radiographic parameters and biomechanical constraints applied to the spine.
Published: 2019

12. Shear waves elastography for assessment of human Achilles tendon's biomechanical properties: an experimental study

Author: Marc Soubeyrand, Anthony Roux, Thomas-Xavier Haen, Sébastien Laporte, Administrateur Ensam, Compte De Service, CHU Trousseau [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Service de pédiatrie orthopédique [CHU Trousseau], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Trousseau [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut de Biomecanique Humaine Georges Charpak, Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Arts et Métiers ParisTech, Centre Européen de Recherche et de Formation Avancée en Calcul Scientifique (CERFACS), CERFACS, AP-HP Hôpital Bicêtre (Le Kremlin-Bicêtre), Laboratoire de biomécanique (LBM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Université Paris 13 (UP13), Arts et Métiers ParisTech, HESAM Université (HESAM), Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)
Subjects: Injury Biomechanics, Shear waves, Materials science, Biomedical Engineering, Achilles Tendon, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, Biomaterials, Shear modulus, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Tendon Injuries, Elastic Modulus, [SPI.MECA.BIOM] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Biomechanics [physics.med-ph], Ultimate tensile strength, Cadaver, medicine, Humans, Muscle, Skeletal, Achilles Cadaveric tendon, Elastic modulus, Mécanique: Biomécanique [Sciences de l'ingénieur], [SDV.IB] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering, Achilles tendon, medicine.diagnostic_test, ingénierie bio-médicale [Sciences du vivant], [SPI.MECA.BIOM]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Biomechanics [physics.med-ph], Anatomy, musculoskeletal system, Biomechanical Phenomena, Tendon, medicine.anatomical_structure, Mechanics of Materials, Elasticity Imaging Techniques, [SDV.IB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering, Shear waves elastography, Elastography, Cadaveric spasm, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Biomedical engineering
Abstract: Introduction: Achilles tendon is the most frequently ruptured tendon, but its optimal treatment is increasingly controversial. The mechanical properties of the healing tendon should be studied further. Shear waves elastography (SWE) measures the shear modulus, which is proven to be correlated to elastic modulus in animal tendons. The aim of our study was to study whether the shear moduli of human cadaveric Achilles tendon, given by SWE, were correlated with the apparent elastic moduli of those tendons given by tensile tests. Materials and methods: Fourteen cadaveric lower-limbs were studied. An elastographic study of the Achilles tendon (AT) was first done in clinical-like conditions. SWE was performed at three successive levels (0, 3 and 6 cm from tendon insertion) with elastographic probe oriented parallel to tendon fibers, blindly, for three standardized ankle positions (25° plantar flexion, neutral position, and maximal dorsal flexion). The mean shear moduli were collected through blind offline data-analysis. Then, AT with triceps were harvested. They were subjected to tensile tests. A continuous SWE of the Achilles tendon was performed simultaneously. The apparent elastic modulus was obtained from the experimental stress-strain curve, and correlation with shear modulus (given by SWE) was studied. Results: Average shear moduli of harvested AT, given by SWE made an instant before the tensile tests, were significantly correlated with shear moduli of the same AT made at the same level, previously in clinical-like condition (p < 0.05), only in neutral position. There was a statistical correlation (p < 0.005) and a correlation coefficient R² equal to 0.95 ± 0.05, between shear moduli (SWE) and apparent elastic moduli (tensile tests), for 11 tendons (3 tendons were inoperable due to technical error), before a constant disruption in the correlation curves. Discussion: We demonstrated a significant correlation between SWE of Achilles tendon performed in clinicallike conditions (in neutral position) and SWE performed in harvested tendon. We also found a correlation between SWE performed on harvested tendon and apparent elastic moduli obtained with tensile tests (for 11 specimens). As a consequence, we can suppose that SWE of AT in clinical-like conditions is related to tensile tests. To our knowledge, the ability of SWE to reliably assess biomechanical properties of a tendon or muscle was, so far, only demonstrated in animal models. Conclusion: SWE can provide biomechanical information of the human AT non-invasively.
Published: 2017

13. Surface properties affect the interplay between fascicles and tendinous tissues during landing

Author: Jennyfer Lecompte, Antoine Nordez, Giuseppe Rabita, Gaël Guilhem, Enzo Hollville, French Institute of Sport (INSEP), Research Department, Laboratory Sport, Expertise and Performance (EA7370) (SEP (EA7370)), Institut national du sport, de l'expertise et de la performance (INSEP), Motricité, interactions, performance EA 4334 (MIP), Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Institut de Biomécanique Humaine Georges Charpak (IBHGC), Université Sorbonne Paris Nord-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM), Motricité, interactions, performance EA 4334 / Movement - Interactions - Performance (MIP), Le Mans Université (UM)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS), Auckland University of Technology (AUT), Laboratoire de biomécanique (LBM), Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Arts et Métiers ParisTech, Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS), and Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Le Mans Université (UM)
Subjects: musculoskeletal diseases, Adult, Male, Ultrafast ultrasound, Materials science, Muscle mechanics, Physiology, Surface Properties, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Movement, Knee flexion, Lengthening contraction, Kinematics, Knee Joint, Muscle damage, Stiffness, Quadriceps Muscle, Tendons, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Surface stiffness, Physiology (medical), medicine, Humans, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Joint (geology), [SHS.SPORT]Humanities and Social Sciences/Sport, Leg, Energy dissipation, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, 030229 sport sciences, General Medicine, Fascicle, musculoskeletal system, Tendon, Biomechanical Phenomena, body regions, medicine.anatomical_structure, Sport surface, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, Biomedical engineering
Abstract: International audience; Purpose: Muscle–tendon units are forcefully stretched during rapid deceleration events such as landing. Consequently, tendons act as shock absorbers by buffering the negative work produced by muscle fascicles likely to prevent muscle damage. Landing surface properties can also modulate the amount of energy dissipated by the body, potentially effecting injury risk. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of three different surfaces on the muscle–tendon interactions of gastrocnemius medialis (GM), and vastus lateralis (VL) during single- and double-leg landings from 50 cm.Methods: Ultrasound images, muscle activity and joint kinematics were collected for 12 participants. Surface testing was also performed, revealing large differences in mechanical behavior.Results: During single-leg landing, stiffer surfaces increased VL fascicle lengthening and velocity, and muscle activity independent of joint kinematics while GM length changes showed no difference between surfaces. Double-leg landing resulted in similar fascicle and tendon behavior despite greater knee flexion angles on stiffer surfaces.Conclusion: This demonstrates that VL fascicle lengthening is greater when the surface stiffness increases, when performing single-leg landing. This is due to the combination of limited knee joint flexion and lower surface absorption ability which resulted in greater mechanical demand mainly withstood by fascicles. GM muscle–tendon interactions remain similar between landing surfaces and types. Together, this suggests that surface damping properties primarily affect the VL muscle–tendon unit with a potentially higher risk of injury as a result of increased surface stiffness when performing single-leg landing tasks.
Published: 2019

14. Comparison of shoulder kinematic chain models and their influence on kinematics and kinetics in the study of manual wheelchair propulsion

Author: Samuel Hybois, Pascale Fodé, Christophe Sauret, Maxime Bourgain, Pierre Puchaud, Joseph Bascou, Hélène Pillet, Antoine Lombart, François Lavaste, Institut de Biomecanique Humaine Georges Charpak, Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Arts et Métiers ParisTech, École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes), Centre de recherche des écoles de Saint-Cyr Coëtquidan [Guer] (CREC), Ecoles de Saint-Cyr Coëtquidan [Guer], Analysis-Synthesis Approach for Virtual Human Simulation (MIMETIC), Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-MEDIA ET INTERACTIONS (IRISA-D6), Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Arts et Métiers ParisTech, HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM), Laboratoire de biomécanique (LBM), Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institution Nationale des Invalides - Centre d’Etudes et de Recherche sur l’Appareillage des Handicapés (INI/CERAH), Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique, Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Université de Rennes (UR), Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-CentraleSupélec-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), HESAM Université (HESAM), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Université Paris 13 (UP13)
Subjects: Adult, Models, Anatomic, Kinematic chain, Computer science, shoulder, 0206 medical engineering, Biomedical Engineering, Biophysics, 02 engineering and technology, Kinematics, Propulsion, Models, Biological, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, ellipsoid mobilizer, 0302 clinical medicine, Wheelchair, Software, Scapula, wheelchair, medicine, Humans, musculoskeletal modeling, Mécanique: Biomécanique [Sciences de l'ingénieur], Simulation, Mechanical Phenomena, Shoulder Joint, business.industry, [SPI.MECA.BIOM]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Biomechanics [physics.med-ph], Middle Aged, 020601 biomedical engineering, Ellipsoid, Biomechanical Phenomena, medicine.anatomical_structure, Wheelchairs, Shoulder joint, business, human activities, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: International audience; Several kinematic chains of the upper limbs have been designed in musculoskeletal models to investigate various upper extremity activities, including manual wheelchair propulsion. The aim of our study was to compare the effect of an ellipsoid mobilizer formulation to describe the motion of the scapulothoracic joint with respect to regression-based models on shoulder kinematics, shoulder kinetics and computational time, during manual wheelchair propulsion activities. Ten subjects, familiar with manual wheelchair propulsion, were equipped with reflective markers and performed start-up and propulsion cycles with an instrumented field wheelchair. Kinematic data obtained from the optoelectronic system and kinetic data measured by the sensors on the wheelchair were processed using the OpenSim software with three shoulder joint modeling versions (ellipsoid mobilizer, regression equations or fixed scapula) of an upper-limb musculoskeletal model. As expected, the results obtained with the three versions of the model varied, for both segment kinematics and shoulder kinetics. With respect to the model based on regression equations, the model describing the scapulothoracic joint as an ellipsoid could capture the kinematics of the upper limbs with higher fidelity. In addition, the mobilizer formulation allowed to compute consistent shoulder moments at a low computer processing cost. Further developments should be made to allow a subject-specific definition of the kinematic chain.
Published: 2019

15. A new method for the study of parabolic impact of foam-core sandwich panels

Author: Sandra Guérard, Philippe Viot, Laurent Maheo, Krishna Shankar, Karthik Ram Ramakrishnan, Institut de Mécanique et d'Ingénierie de Bordeaux (I2M), École Nationale Supérieure d'Arts et Métiers (ENSAM), Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Laboratoire de biomécanique (LBM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Université Paris 13 (UP13), Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Matériaux de Bretagne (LIMATB), Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques (IBNM), Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Brest (UBO), School of Engineering [Canberra], Australian National University (ANU)-ANU College of Enging and Computer Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Arts et Métiers (ENSAM), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques (IBNM), and Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Brest (UBO)
Subjects: Digital image correlation, Materials science, Composite number, 02 engineering and technology, Kevlar, [SPI.MECA.MSMECA]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Materials and structures in mechanics [physics.class-ph], 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Load cell, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, [SPI.MECA.MEMA]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Mechanics of materials [physics.class-ph], Six degrees of freedom, Composite material, Sandwich-structured composite, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Hexapod, business.industry, Mechanical Engineering, Oblique case, Structural engineering, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0104 chemical sciences, [SPI.MECA.STRU]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Mechanics of the structures [physics.class-ph], Mechanics of Materials, [SPI.MECA.STRU]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Structural mechanics [physics.class-ph], Ceramics and Composites, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract: Lightweight sandwich panels with composite facesheets and foam core have high impact energy absorption capability and are widely employed in multifunctional applications such as aircraft and marine structures. The dynamic behaviour of sandwich panels is typically studied for impact loading at normal angle of incidence but the structures are more frequently loaded at some oblique angle or with a complex tri-dimensional trajectory in real engineering situations. The damage area and damage modes for these trajectories are significantly different and it is not sufficient to study only normal impacts. There are well established experimental protocols for normal or oblique impact tests using devices like the drop tower, but impacts with complex trajectory are difficult to characterise experimentally. In this paper, a Gough-Stewart platform with six degrees of freedom has been modified to develop an original tri-dimensional impact device called Hexapod. The trajectory is defined to an impactor attached to the seventh jack of the Hexapod to study the response of sandwich plates to impact loading with complex trajectories. The applicability of the newly developed device is demonstrated by studying parabolic impact with different trajectories on sandwich plates with Kevlar facesheets and Rohacell foam core. The time history of vertical and horizontal components of force is measured using tri-axial load cell and strain history is obtained from Digital Image Correlation of a high speed camera images. The results of the parabolic impact show the importance of shear behaviour of the foam in the progression of damage in the sandwich panels. Additionally, the response of the sandwich panels to parabolic impact was simulated numerically using explicit finite element code LS-DYNA. The results of the FE model are compared with experimental data in terms of the force history and strain contours.
Published: 2019

16. Head to pelvis alignment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients both in and out of brace

Author: Eric Ebermeyer, Rapahaël Pietton, Claudio Vergari, Wafa Skalli, Houssam Bouloussa, Isabelle Courtois, Raphaël Vialle, Institut de Biomecanique Humaine Georges Charpak, Arts et Métiers ParisTech-Université Paris 13 (UP13), Laboratoire de biomécanique (LBM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Université Paris 13 (UP13), Université Paris Descartes - Faculté de Médecine (UPD5 Médecine), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), CHU Trousseau [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Université Grenoble Alpes - UFR Langage, lettres et arts du spectacle, information et communication - Dpt Lettres et arts du spectacle (UGA UFR LLASIC LAS), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Service de chirurgie orthopédique et reconstructive pédiatrique [CHU Trousseau], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Trousseau [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Service de pédiatrie orthopédique [CHU Trousseau], Service des thérapies innovantes pour les maladies musculo-squelettiques [CHU Trousseau], Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Arts et Métiers ParisTech, Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Administrateur Ensam, Compte De Service, Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Service de chirurgie orthopédique pédiatrique [CHU Trousseau], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-CHU Trousseau [APHP], Institut de Biomécanique Humaine Georges Charpak (IBHGC), Université Sorbonne Paris Nord-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM), and Hôpital Bellevue - CHU
Subjects: Pelvic tilt, Male, Brace effect, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], 0302 clinical medicine, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Prospective Studies, Child, Orthodontics, 030222 orthopedics, Cobb angle, AIS, musculoskeletal system, Bracing, Healthy Volunteers, humanities, 3. Good health, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], medicine.anatomical_structure, Scoliosis, [SDV.IB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering, Female, Neurosurgery, Compensation, musculoskeletal diseases, medicine.medical_specialty, Sacrum, Adolescent, [SPI] Engineering Sciences [physics], Posture, Pelvis, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, Imaging, Three-Dimensional, medicine, Humans, Kyphosis, Balance (ability), Retrospective Studies, Braces, business.industry, ingénierie bio-médicale [Sciences du vivant], equipment and supplies, Brace, Sagittal plane, Spine, Radiography, Case-Control Studies, Surgery, business, Head, human activities, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Sagittal balance
Abstract: International audience; Purpose: To determine the short-term effect of bracing of adolescent idiopathic scoliotic (AIS) patients on the relationships between spinopelvic parameters related to balance, by comparing their in and out-of-brace geometry and versus healthy subjects. Methods: Forty-two AIS patients (Cobb angle 29° ± 12°, ranging from 16° to 61°) with a prescription of orthotic treatment were included retrospectively and prospectively. They all underwent biplanar radiography and 3D reconstruction of the spine and pelvis before bracing as well as less than 9 months after bracing. Eighty-three age-matched healthy adolescents were also included as control group and underwent biplanar radiography and 3D reconstruction. Results: Sacral slope was higher in AIS than healthy patients (p = 0.005). Bracing induced large changes of pelvic tilt (between - 9° and 9°), although patients' sagittal spinopelvic alignment tended to remain within the normality corridors defined by the healthy patients. Patients had flatter backs compared to healthy subjects and bracing further reduced their spinal curves. The head tended to remain above the pelvis in-brace. Conclusion: Analysis of sagittal alignment from head to pelvis showed that bracing further flattened the patients' backs and induced large compensating reorientations of the pelvis. Sagittal balance should be included in the planning and evaluation of brace treatment, since it could play a role in its outcome. These slides can be retrieved under Electronic Supplementary Material.
Published: 2019

17. Compensation of Respiratory-Related Postural Perturbation Is Achieved by Maintenance of Head-to-Pelvis Alignment in Healthy Humans

Author: Attali, Valérie, Clavel, Louis, Rouch, Philippe, Rivals, Isabelle, Rémy-Néris, Ségolène, Skalli, Wafa, Sandoz, Baptiste, Similowski, Thomas, Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et Clinique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Service des Pathologies du sommeil [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut de Biomecanique Humaine Georges Charpak, Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Arts et Métiers ParisTech, Equipe de Statistique Appliquée (UMRS 1158) (ESA), Ecole Superieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et Clinique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Fédération des Pathologies du Sommeil, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Laboratoire de biomécanique (LBM), Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Mécanique et Technologie (LMT), École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Mécanique et d'Ingénierie de Bordeaux (I2M), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Arts et Métiers (ENSAM), Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Arts et Métiers ParisTech, HESAM Université (HESAM), Service de Pneumologie - R3S [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière] (SPMIR-R3S), Sorbonne Université - Faculté de Médecine (SU FM), Sorbonne Université (SU), 'Legs Poix' (LEG 1604) of the Chancellerie des Universités de Paris. VA is the recipient of a grant 'poste d’accueil APHP/Artset Métiers ParisTech,' délégation à la Recherche Clinique et à l’Innovation (DRCI), Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris(APHP). LC was supported by a Ph.D. fellowship from ENS Cachan. The authors acknowledge the support of the ParistechBiomeCAM chair on subject specific modeling, with the support of Société Générale and COVEA., Service des Explorations des Pathologies du Sommeil [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP], CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Université Paris 13 (UP13), Equipe de Statistique Appliquée (ESA), ESPCI ParisTech, École Nationale Supérieure d'Arts et Métiers (ENSAM), HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Service de Pneumologie et de Soins Intensifs [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], Administrateur Ensam, Compte De Service, Service de Pneumologie, Médecine Intensive et Réanimation - R3S [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière] (SPMIR-R3S), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Service de Pneumologie et Réanimation Médicale [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière] (Département ' R3S '), Service de Pathologies du sommeil [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et Clinique (UMRS 1158), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et Clinique (UMRS 1158), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM), Service de Médecine Intensive et Réanimation - R3S [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], and Gestionnaire, Hal Sorbonne Université
Subjects: [SDV.IB] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering, postural alignment, Physiology, [SDV.MHEP.PHY] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], ingénierie bio-médicale [Sciences du vivant], [SPI.MECA.BIOM]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Biomechanics [physics.med-ph], personalized 3D models of the spine, [SPI.MECA.BIOM] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Biomechanics [physics.med-ph], [SDV.MHEP.PHY]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], biplanar X-ray, [SDV.IB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering, lung volume, cervical and pelvic compensatory mechanisms, Mécanique: Biomécanique [Sciences de l'ingénieur], Original Research
Abstract: The maintenance of upright balance in healthy humans requires the preservation of a horizontal gaze, best achieved through dynamical adjustments of spinal curvatures and a pelvic tilt that keeps the head-to-pelvis alignment close to vertical. It is currently unknown whether the spinal and pelvic compensations of respiratory-related postural perturbations are associated with preservation of the head-to-pelvis vertical alignment. We tested this hypothesis by comparing postural alignment variables at extreme lung volume (total lung capacity, TLC; residual volume, RV) with their reference value at functional residual capacity (FRC). Forty-eight healthy subjects [22 women; median age of 34 (26; 48) years] were studied using low dose biplanar X-rays (BPXR; EOS system). Personalized three-dimensional models of the spine and pelvis were reconstructed at the three lung volumes. Extreme lung volumes were associated with changes of thoracic curvature bringing it outside the normal range. Maximal inspiration reduced thoracic kyphosis [T1–T12 angle = 47◦ (37; 56), −4◦ variation (−9; 1), p = 0.0007] while maximal expiration induced hyperkyphosis [T1–T12 angle = 63◦ (55; 68); C10◦ variation (5; 12), p = 9 × 10−12]. Statistically significant (all p < 0.01) cervical and pelvic compensatory changes occurred [C3–C7 angle: C4◦ (−2; 11) and pelvic tilt C1◦ (0; 3) during maximal inspiration; C3–C7 angle: −7◦ (−18; −1) and pelvic tilt C5◦ (1; 8) during maximal expiration], resulting in preserved head-to-pelvis alignment (no change in the angle between the vertical plane and the line connecting the odontoid process and the midpoint of the line connecting the center of the two femoral heads ODHA). Lung volume related postural perturbations were more marked as a function of age, but age did not affect the head-to-pelvis alignment. These findings should help understand balance alterations in patients with chronic respiratory diseases that modify lung volume and rib cage geometry. “Legs Poix” (LEG 1604) of the Chancellerie des Universités de Paris. VA is the recipient of a grant “poste d’accueil APHP/Arts et Métiers ParisTech,” délégation à la Recherche Clinique et à l’Innovation (DRCI), Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP). LC was supported by a Ph.D. fellowship from ENS Cachan. The authors acknowledge the support of the Paristech BiomeCAM chair on subject specific modeling, with the support of Société Générale and COVEA.
Published: 2019

18. Automatic Segmentation and Identification of Spinous Processes on Sagittal X-Rays Based on Random Forest Classification and Dedicated Contextual Features

Author: Shahin Ebrahimi, Elsa D. Angelini, Wafa Skalli, Laurent Gajny, Institut de Biomécanique Humaine Georges Charpak (IBHGC), Université Sorbonne Paris Nord-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM), Laboratoire de biomécanique (LBM), Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Imperial College London, Télécom ParisTech, and HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)
Subjects: Spine X-ray, Identification, Computer science, Radiography, Spinous process, [INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI], Intelligence artificielle [Informatique], Segmentation, medicine, [INFO.INFO-IM]Computer Science [cs]/Medical Imaging, Imagerie médicale [Informatique], Radiation treatment planning, Visual features, business.industry, Vision par ordinateur et reconnaissance de formes [Informatique], ingénierie bio-médicale [Sciences du vivant], [INFO.INFO-CV]Computer Science [cs]/Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition [cs.CV], Pattern recognition, Sagittal plane, Random forest, Identification (information), medicine.anatomical_structure, Hausdorff distance, Multi-class Random Forest, [SDV.IB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering, Artificial intelligence, business
Abstract: International audience; X-ray based quantitative analysis of spine parameters is required in routine diagnosis or treatment planning. Existing tools commonly require manual intervention. Attempts towards automation of the whole procedure have mainly focused on vertebral bodies, whereas other regions such as the posterior arch also bear considerable amount of useful information. In this study, we combine a specific design of contextual visual features with a multi-class Random Forest classifier to perform pixel-wise segmentation and identification of all cervical spine spinous processes, on sagittal radiographs. Segmentations were evaluated on 62 radiographs, comparing to manual tracing. Correct identification was obtained for all subjects, and segmentation returned mean  SD values of: Dice coefficient =88  8%; Hausdorff distance =2.1  1.4 mm and; mean surface distance =0.6  0.4 mm. The derived geometric parameters can be used to reduce the amount of manual intervention needed for spine modeling or to measure clinical indices.
Published: 2019

19. Biplanar stereoradiography predicts pulmonary function tests in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a cross-sectional study

Author: Houssam Bouloussa, Raphaël Pietton, Claudio Vergari, Raphaël Vialle, Wafa Skalli, Thomas-Xavier Haen, CHU Trousseau [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Kaiser Permanente, Institut de Biomecanique Humaine Georges Charpak, Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Arts et Métiers ParisTech, Laboratoire de biomécanique (LBM), Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de pédiatrie orthopédique [CHU Trousseau], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Trousseau [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU), BiomecAM chair, Administrateur Ensam, Compte De Service, and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Université Paris 13 (UP13)
Subjects: Male, Vital capacity, Adolescent, [SPI] Engineering Sciences [physics], [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Vital Capacity, Scoliosis, Sciences de l'ingénieur, Pulmonary function testing, Stereoradiography, 03 medical and health sciences, FEV1/FVC ratio, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Imaging, Three-Dimensional, 0302 clinical medicine, Forced Expiratory Volume, Preoperative Care, Humans, Medicine, Lung volumes, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Kyphosis, Child, Lung, 030222 orthopedics, Rib cage, Cobb angle, business.industry, Rib Cage, respiratory system, medicine.disease, Spine, Respiratory Function Tests, respiratory tract diseases, Radiography, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Cross-Sectional Studies, Sciences du vivant, Regression Analysis, Female, Surgery, Nuclear medicine, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Various spinal and rib cage parameters measured from complex examinations were found to be correlated with preoperative pulmonary function tests (PFT). The aim was to investigate the relationship between preoperative rib cage parameters and PFT using biplanar stereoradiography in patients with severe adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Fifty-four patients, 45 girls and nine boys, aged 13.8 ± 1.2 years, with Lenke 1 or 2 thoracic scoliosis (> 50°) requiring surgical correction were prospectively included. All patients underwent preoperative PFT and low-dose biplanar X-rays. The following data were collected: forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), FEV1/FVC ratio, residual volume, slow vital capacity (SVC), total lung capacity (TLC), rib cage volume (RCV), maximum rib hump, maximum width, mean thoracic index, spinal penetration index, apical vertebral rotation, main curve Cobb angle (MCCA), T4–T12 kyphosis. The primary outcome was the relationship between rib cage parameters and PFT. The secondary outcome was the relationship between rib cage parameters and spine parameters. Data were analyzed using Spearman’s rank test. A multivariable regression analysis was performed to compare PFTs and structural parameters. Significance was set at α = 0.05. The mean MCCA was 68.7° ± 16.7°. RCV was highly correlated with all pulmonary capacities: TLC (r = 0.76, p
Published: 2019

20. 3D reconstruction of adolescent scoliotic trunk shape from biplanar X-rays: a feasibility study

Author: Wafa Skalli, Raphaël Vialle, Thibault Hernandez, Laurent Gajny, Eleonora Pinto, Leopold Robichon, Institut de Biomecanique Humaine Georges Charpak, Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Arts et Métiers ParisTech, Institut de Mécanique et d'Ingénierie de Bordeaux (I2M), École Nationale Supérieure d'Arts et Métiers (ENSAM), Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Laboratoire de biomécanique (LBM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Université Paris 13 (UP13), BiomecAM chair program, Arts et Métiers ParisTech-Université Paris 13 (UP13), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Arts et Métiers (ENSAM), HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Mécanique et d'Ingénierie (I2M), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM), and Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Computational Mechanics, Biomedical Engineering, Idiopathic scoliosis, 02 engineering and technology, Scoliosis, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, Mathématique, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Medical imaging, medicine, Deformity, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], [MATH]Mathematics [math], Orthodontics, business.industry, 3D reconstruction, food and beverages, Informatique, Geometric Modelling, medicine.disease, Trunk, Computer Science Applications, Biomedical Imaging, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, medicine.symptom, business
Abstract: International audience; Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a 3D deformity of the spine detectable by trunk asymmetry. As a decision-aid tool, a body scanner can help assessing non-invasively the external shape of the trunk. However if AIS is diagnosed, additional personalized 3D reconstructions of the spine, rib cage and pelvis are useful to have a complete understanding of the pathology and plan a treatment. For instance, both internal and external geometry are required for computer-aided brace design. Since a body scanner cannot currently guarantee reliable bones reconstruction, low-dose biplanar X-rays (BXR) is a relevant alternative. Indeed, it enables to compute reliable reconstructions of bony structures using validated methods daily used in clinical routine. More recently, 3D body shape reconstruction of asymptomatic subjects from BXR was also proved to be feasible with good accuracy. In order to prevent young scoliotic subjects from multiple examinations, we investigated the feasibility of trunk shape reconstruction from BXR. The proposed method relies on the 3D reconstructions of the spine, rib cage and pelvis priory performed and 10 radio-opaque markers placed on the subject on which we fit a statistical shape model (SSM). This model was built on a training set of 50 asymptomatic and 15 scoliotic female subjects for whom spine, rib cage, pelvis and trunk shape were reconstructed. The trunk shape reconstructions were assessed using the above mentioned method of body shape reconstruction. For the training on scoliotic subjects, this solution was corrected by 100 radio-opaque markers placed on the subjects and detected on the X-rays. During testing, after regression using the SSM, the trunk shape is registered automatically on apparent radiographic contours. Finally, few manual adjustments can be performed. This method has been evaluated on the 15 scoliotic subjects using a leave-one-out procedure. Signed marker-to-surface errors were computed on several trunk regions. The bias was everywhere lower than 0.7mm in absolute value and the standard deviation lower than 6mm. These results are promising and could be improved with a larger database. Thus, this study is a first step toward computer-aided brace design with a single examination.
Published: 2019

21. Etude comparative entre un accélerometre de smartphone et une centrale inertielle xsens au cours d’un test de décélération de fauteuils roulants de sport

Author: Brassart, Florian, Bascou, Joseph, Weissland, Thierry, Laboratoire de biomécanique (LBM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Université Paris 13 (UP13), Laboratoire de l'intégration, du matériau au système (IMS), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Weissland, Thierry
Subjects: [SDV.MHEP.PHY] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], [SDV.MHEP.PHY]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2019

22. A Data Set for the Study of Human Locomotion with Inertial Measurements Units

Author: Aliénor Vienne-Jumeau, Stéphane Buffat, Alain Yelnik, Nicolas Vayatis, Damien Ricard, Clément Provost, Albane Moreau, Charles Truong, Thomas Moreau, Rémi Barrois-Müller, Laurent Oudre, Pierre-Paul Vidal, Equipe DSBC, Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron [Pôle Chimie Balard] (IBMM), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de biomécanique (LBM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Université Paris 13 (UP13), Laboratoire de Neurobiologie des Réseaux Sensorimoteurs (LNRS), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Centre de Mathématiques et de Leurs Applications (CMLA), École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Cognition and Action Group (COGNAC-G - UMR 8257), École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Médecine Aérospatiale du Service de Santé des Armées (IMASSA), Service de Santé des Armées, Service de neurologie [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Robert Debré-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Département Traitement du Signal et des Images (TSI), Télécom ParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Probabilités et Modèles Aléatoires (LPMA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Hôpital Robert Debré-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)
Subjects: Inertial frame of reference, business.industry, Computer science, 030229 sport sciences, Data set, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Signal Processing, Computer vision, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Artificial intelligence, business, Human locomotion, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Software, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2019

23. Microstructural characterization of annulus fibrosus by ultrasonography: a feasibility study with an in vivo and in vitro approach

Author: Judith R. Meakin, Claudio Vergari, Wafa Skalli, Pierre-Yves Rohan, Raphaël Vialle, Peter Winlove, Pierre Desprairies, Raphaël Pietton, Jean Dubousset, Tristan Langlais, Laboratoire de biomécanique (LBM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Université Paris 13 (UP13), Institut de Biomecanique Humaine Georges Charpak, Arts et Métiers ParisTech-Université Paris 13 (UP13), Arts et Métiers ParisTech, Service de pédiatrie orthopédique [CHU Trousseau], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Trousseau [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Sorbonne Université (SU), University of Exeter, HESAM Université (HESAM), Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Arts et Métiers ParisTech, Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)
Subjects: Male, Flexibility (anatomy), Materials science, Adolescent, [SDV.IB.IMA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering/Imaging, 0206 medical engineering, Geometry, 02 engineering and technology, Multimodal Imaging, Lumbar, MRI, Lamellae, In vivo, Microscopy, medicine, Animals, Humans, Lamellar structure, Child, Ultrasonography, 2. Zero hunger, Annulus (mycology), Original Paper, disc, Lumbar Vertebrae, medicine.diagnostic_test, Mechanical Engineering, Annulus Fibrosus, [SPI.MECA.BIOM]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Biomechanics [physics.med-ph], Magnetic resonance imaging, Intervertebral disc, musculoskeletal system, 020601 biomedical engineering, 3. Good health, medicine.anatomical_structure, Modeling and Simulation, Sciences du vivant, Feasibility Studies, Cattle, Female, Biotechnology, Biomedical engineering, Intervertebral
Abstract: The main function of the intervertebral disc is biomechanical function, since it must resist repetitive high loadings, while giving the spine its flexibility and protecting the spinal cord from over-straining. It partially owes its mechanical characteristics to the lamellar architecture of its outer layer, the annulus fibrosus. Today, no non-invasive means exist to characterize annulus lamellar structure in vivo. The aim of this work was to test the feasibility of imaging annulus fibrosus microstructure in vivo with ultrasonography. Twenty-nine healthy adolescents were included. Ultrasonographies of L3–L4 disc were acquired with a frontal approach. Annulus fibrosus was segmented in the images to measure the thickness of the lamellae. To validate lamellar appearance in ultrasonographies, multimodality images of two cow tail discs were compared: ultrasonography, magnetic resonance and optical microscopy. In vivo average lamellar thickness was 229.7 ± 91.5 μm, and it correlated with patient body mass index and age. Lamellar appearance in the three imaging modalities in vitro was consistent. Lamellar measurement uncertainty was 7%, with good agreement between two operators. Feasibility of ultrasonography for the analysis of lumbar annulus fibrosus structure was confirmed. Further work should aim at validating measurement reliability, and to assess the relevance of the method to characterize annulus alterations, for instance in disc degeneration or scoliosis. This study was funded by the ParisTech Biome- cAM chair programme on subject-specific musculoskeletal modelling (with the support of ParisTech and Yves Cotrel Foundations, Société Générale, and Covea), DHU MAMUTH, the Société Française de Chi- rurgie Orthopédique et Traumatologie (SOFCOT), the Devon Arthritis and Allied Reasearch Fund and the Henry Smith Charity. The authors are also grateful to Dr. Abdelmalek Benattayallah for his advice and technical support on MR imaging.
Published: 2019

24. Evaluation of CNN-Based Human Pose Estimation for Body Segment Lengths Assessment

Author: Saman Vafadar, Wafa Skalli, Matthieu Boëssé, Laurent Gajny, Institut de Biomécanique Humaine Georges Charpak (IBHGC), Université Sorbonne Paris Nord-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM), Laboratoire de biomécanique (LBM), Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, and HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)
Subjects: Motion analysis, Computer science, 02 engineering and technology, Stereovision, Convolutional neural network, [INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI], 03 medical and health sciences, Intelligence artificielle [Informatique], 0302 clinical medicine, Approximation error, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Computer vision, Pose, Anthropometry, business.industry, Deep learning, Body segment, Vision par ordinateur et reconnaissance de formes [Informatique], ingénierie bio-médicale [Sciences du vivant], [INFO.INFO-CV]Computer Science [cs]/Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition [cs.CV], Stereopsis, Metric (mathematics), 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, [SDV.IB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering, Artificial intelligence, Ergonomics, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: International audience; Human pose estimation (HPE) methods based on convolutional neural networks (CNN) have demonstrated significant progress and achieved state-of-the-art results on human pose datasets. In this study, we aimed to assess the perfor-mance of CNN-based HPE methods for measuring anthropometric data. A Vicon motion analysis system as the reference system and a stereo vision system recorded ten asymptomatic subjects standing in front of the stereo vision system in a static posture. Eight HPE methods estimated the 2D poses which were transformed to the 3D poses by using the stereo vision system. Percentage of correct keypoints, 3D error, and absolute error of the body segment lengths are the evaluation measures which were used to assess the results. Percentage of correct keypoints – the stand-ard metric for 2D pose estimation – showed that the HPE methods could estimate the 2D body joints with a minimum accuracy of 99%. Meanwhile, the average 3D error and absolute error for the body segment lengths are 5 cm.
Published: 2019

25. Postprandial bile acid levels in intestine and plasma reveal altered biliary circulation in chronic pancreatitis patients

Author: Dominique Rainteau, Claude Wolf, René Laugier, Lydie Humbert, Philippe Seksik, Noshine Tuvignon, Frédéric Carrière, Laboratoire de biomécanique (LBM), Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sorbonne Université (SU), Laboratoire des biomolécules (LBM UMR 7203), Chimie Moléculaire de Paris Centre (FR 2769), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Ecole Superieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département de Chimie - ENS Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Bioénergétique et Ingénierie des Protéines (BIP ), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service d'oncologie digestive et hépato-gastro-entérologie [Hôpital de la Timone - APHM], Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)- Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE), Applied Lipidomics Investigation (APLIPID), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département de Chimie - ENS Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Université Paris 13 (UP13), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Département de Chimie - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Chimie Moléculaire de Paris Centre (FR 2769), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Malabsorption, medicine.drug_class, Duodenum, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, QD415-436, Biochemistry, Gastroenterology, Bile Acids and Salts, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Endocrinology, Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Internal medicine, Pancreatitis, Chronic, Blood plasma, medicine, Humans, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Pancreatitis, chronic, Bile acid, business.industry, Cell Biology, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Postprandial Period, Bile acids, Cholangiohepatic shunt, Intestines, Chronic panc reatitis, medicine.anatomical_structure, Postprandial, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Lipidomics, Pancreatitis, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, Female, business, Patient-Oriented and Epidemiological Research, Chromatography, Liquid
Abstract: Bile acid (BA) secretion and circulation in chronic pancreatitis (CP) patients with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) were investigated by simultaneously measuring postprandial levels of individual BAs in duodenal contents and blood plasma using LC-MS/MS. CP patients and healthy volunteers (HVs) were intubated with gastric and duodenal tubes prior to the administration of a test meal and continuous aspiration of duodenal contents. Pancreatic lipase outputs in CP patients were very low (0.7 ± 0.2 mg) versus HVs (116.7 ± 68.1 mg; P < 0.005), thus confirming the severity of EPI. Duodenal BA outputs were reduced in CP patients (1.00 ± 0.89 mmol; 0.47 ± 0.42 g) versus HVs (5.52 ± 4.53 mmol; 2.62 ± 2.14 g; P < 0.15). Primary to secondary BA ratio was considerably higher in CP patients (38.09 ± 48.1) than HVs (4.15 ± 2.37; P < 0.15), indicating an impaired transformation of BAs by gut microbiota. BA concentrations were found below the critical micellar concentration in CP patients, while a high BA concentration peak corresponding to gallbladder emptying was evidenced in HVs. Conversely, BA plasma concentration was increased in CP patients versus HVs suggesting a cholangiohepatic shunt of BA secretion. Alterations of BA circulation and levels may result from the main biliary duct stenosis observed in these CP patients and may aggravate the consequences of EPI on lipid malabsorption.
Published: 2018

26. Influence of patient axial malpositioning on the trueness and precision of pelvic parameters obtained from 3D reconstructions based on biplanar radiographs

Author: Wafa Skalli, Ayman Assi, Bachir Ghostine, Ismat Ghanem, Nour Khalil, Christophe Sauret, Ziad Bakouny, Institut de Biomecanique Humaine Georges Charpak, Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Arts et Métiers ParisTech, Laboratoire de biomécanique (LBM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Université Paris 13 (UP13), Institut de Mécanique et d'Ingénierie de Bordeaux (I2M), École Nationale Supérieure d'Arts et Métiers (ENSAM), Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth (USJ), Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Arts et Métiers (ENSAM), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Arts et Métiers ParisTech-Université Paris 13 (UP13), and HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Adult, Male, Pelvic tilt, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Radiography, Rotation, Patient Positioning, Pelvis, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, Imaging, Three-Dimensional, 0302 clinical medicine, Orientation (geometry), Humans, Medicine, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Mécanique: Biomécanique [Sciences de l'ingénieur], Aged, Aged, 80 and over, 030222 orthopedics, business.industry, Ultrasound, Reproducibility of Results, [SPI.MECA.BIOM]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Biomechanics [physics.med-ph], Pelvic incidence, General Medicine, Middle Aged, medicine.anatomical_structure, Radiological weapon, Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted, Female, Radiology, business, Tomography, Spiral Computed
Abstract: Radiographs are often performed to assess pelvic and hip parameters, but results depend upon correct pelvis positioning. Three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction from biplanar-radiographs should provide parameters that are less sensitive to pelvic orientation, but this remained to be evaluated.Computerized-tomographic scans of six patients were used both as a reference and for generating simulated frontal and lateral radiographs. These simulated radiographs were generated while introducing axial rotations of the pelvis ranging from 0° to 20°. Simulated biplanar-radiographs were utilized by four operators, three times each, to perform pelvic 3D-reconstructions. These reconstructions were used to assess the trueness, precision and global uncertainty of radiological pelvic and hip parameters for each position.In the neutral position, global uncertainty ranged between ± 2° for pelvic tilt and ± 9° for acetabular posterior sector angle and was mainly related to precision errors (ranging from 1.5° to 7°). With increasing axial rotation, global uncertainty increased and ranged between ± 5° for pelvic tilt and ± 11° for pelvic incidence, sacral slope and acetabular anterior sector angle, mainly due to precision errors.Radiological parameters obtained from 3D-reconstructions, based on biplanar-radiographs, are less sensitive to axial rotation compared to plain radiographs. However, the axial rotation should nonetheless not exceed 10°.• Pelvic radiological parameters could be affected by patient malpositioning. • Biplanar radiograph-based 3D reconstructions were performed at increments of axial rotation. • Trueness, precision and global uncertainty were evaluated for pelvic and hip radiological parameters. • Hip parameters were less affected by rotation compared to pelvic parameters. • Maintaining the pelvis close to the neutral position is recommended to ensure the highest possible accuracy.
Published: 2016

27. Inter-lamellar shear resistance confers compressive stiffness in the intervertebral disc: An image-based modelling study on the bovine caudal disc

Author: Clayton J. Adam, Wafa Skalli, Philippe Rouch, Institut de Biomecanique Humaine Georges Charpak, Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Arts et Métiers ParisTech, Laboratoire de biomécanique (LBM), Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Mécanique et Technologie (LMT), École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Mécanique et d'Ingénierie de Bordeaux (I2M), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Arts et Métiers (ENSAM), Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Arts et Métiers ParisTech, HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM), Arts et Métiers ParisTech-Université Paris 13 (UP13), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Université Paris 13 (UP13), HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), HESAM Université (HESAM), École Nationale Supérieure d'Arts et Métiers (ENSAM), and HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)
Subjects: Tail, 090302 Biomechanical Engineering, Materials science, Finite Element Analysis, Biomedical Engineering, Biophysics, polarized light micrograph, Models, Biological, bovine disc, Finite element, medicine, Animals, Computer Simulation, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Lamellar structure, Composite material, Mécanique: Biomécanique [Sciences de l'ingénieur], disc microstructure, Drop (liquid), Rehabilitation, ingénierie bio-médicale [Sciences du vivant], [SPI.MECA.BIOM]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Biomechanics [physics.med-ph], Stiffness, Intervertebral disc, Interlamellar interface, Anatomy, Microstructure, Spinal column, Finite element method, Biomechanical Phenomena, Transverse plane, Shear resistance, medicine.anatomical_structure, Compressive stiffness, disc degeneration, Cattle, medicine.symptom, 110314 Orthopaedics
Abstract: International audience; The intervertebral disc withstands large compressive loads (up to nine times bodyweight in humans) while providing ﬂexibility to the spinal column. At a microstructural level, the outer sheath of the disc (the annulus ﬁbrosus) comprises 12–20 annular layers of alternately crisscrossed collagen ﬁbres embedded in a soft ground matrix. The centre of the disc (the nucleus pulposus) consists of a hydrated gel rich in proteoglycans. The disc is the largest avascular structure in the body and is of much interest biomechanically due to the high societal burden of disc degeneration and back pain. Although the disc has been well characterized at the whole joint scale, it is not clear how the disc tissue microstructure confers its overall mechanical properties. In particular, there have been conﬂicting reports regarding the level of attachment between adjacent lamellae in the annulus, and the importance of these interfaces to the overall integrity of the disc is unknown. We used a polarized light micrograph of the bovine tail disc in transverse cross-section to develop an image-based ﬁnite element model incorporating sliding and separation between layers of the annulus, and subjected the model to axial compressive loading. Validation experiments were also performed on four bovine caudal discs. Interlamellar shear resistance had a strong effect on disc compressive stiffness, with a 40% drop in stiffness when the interface shear resistance was changed from fully bonded to freely sliding. By contrast, interlamellar cohesion had no appreciable effect on overall disc mechanics. We conclude that shear resistance between lamellae confers disc mechanical resistance to compression, and degradation of the interlamellar interface structure may be a precursor to macroscopic disc degeneration.
Published: 2015

28. Interactions between fascicles and tendinous tissues in gastrocnemius medialis and vastus lateralis during drop landing

Author: Jennyfer Lecompte, Antoine Nordez, Gaël Guilhem, Enzo Hollville, Giuseppe Rabita, French Institute of Sport (INSEP), Research Department, Laboratory Sport, Expertise and Performance (EA7370) (SEP (EA7370)), Institut national du sport, de l'expertise et de la performance (INSEP), Motricité, interactions, performance EA 4334 (MIP), Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Motricité, interactions, performance EA 4334 / Movement - Interactions - Performance (MIP), Le Mans Université (UM)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS), Auckland University of Technology (AUT), Laboratoire de biomécanique (LBM), Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Arts et Métiers ParisTech, Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS), and Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Le Mans Université (UM)
Subjects: Adult, Male, ultrafast ultrasound, Deceleration, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SHS.SPORT.PS]Humanities and Social Sciences/Sport/Sport physiology, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, Kinematics, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Biology, Quadriceps Muscle, Tendons, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Isometric Contraction, medicine, [SDV.MHEP.PHY]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], Humans, Eccentric, MESH: Adult Biomechanical Phenomena Deceleration Electromyography Humans Isometric Contraction Male Muscle, Skeletal / diagnostic imaging Muscle, Skeletal / physiology* Quadriceps Muscle / diagnostic imaging Quadriceps Muscle / physiology Tendons / diagnostic imaging Tendons / physiology* Torque Ultrasonography Young Adult, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Ground reaction force, Muscle, Skeletal, Ultrasonography, [SHS.SPORT]Humanities and Social Sciences/Sport, Electromyography, Drop (liquid), [SPI.MECA.BIOM]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Biomechanics [physics.med-ph], 030229 sport sciences, Anatomy, buffer mechanism, Fascicle, Biomechanical Phenomena, Tendon, muscle mechanics, medicine.anatomical_structure, fascicle lengthening, Torque, eccentric, Architectural gear ratio, Sciences du vivant, Gastrocnemius medialis
Abstract: Animal tendons have been shown to act as shock absorbers to protect muscle fascicles from exercise-induced damage during landing tasks. Meanwhile, the contribution of tendinous tissues to damping activities such as landing has been less explored in humans. The aim of this study was to analyze in vivo fascicle-tendon interactions during drop landing to better understand their role in energy dissipation. Ultrafast ultrasound images of the gastrocnemius medialis (GM) and vastus lateralis (VL), lower limb electromyographic activity, 2-D kinematics, and ground reaction forces were collected from twelve participants during single- and double-leg drop landings from various heights. For both muscles, length changes were higher in tendinous tissues than in fascicles, demonstrating their key role in protecting fascicles from rapid active lengthening. Increasing landing height increased lengthening and peak lengthening velocity of VL fascicle and GM architectural gear ratio, whereas GM fascicle displayed similar length and velocity patterns. Single-leg landing lengthens the tendinous tissues of GM and, to a greater degree, VL muscles, without affecting the fascicles. These findings demonstrate the adjustment in fascicle-tendon interactions to withstand mechanical demand through the tendon buffer action and fascicle rotation. The higher VL fascicle contribution to negative work as the drop height increases would suggest muscle-specific damping responses during drop landing. This can originate from the distal-to-proximal sequence of joint kinetics, from differences in muscle and tendon functions (one- and two-joint muscles), architectural and morphological properties (eg, tendon stiffness), as well as from the muscle activity of the GM and VL muscles. Enzo Hollville is funded by the Natural Grass company. We warmly thank Hugo Hauraix for his technical support.
Published: 2018

29. Quantifying the effects of 16p11.2 copy number variants on brain structure: A multisite genetic-first study

Author: Sandra Martin-Brevet, Borja Rodríguez-Herreros, Jared A. Nielsen, Clara Moreau, Claudia Modenato, Anne M. Maillard, Aurélie Pain, Sonia Richetin, Aia E. Jønch, Abid Y. Qureshi, Nicole R. Zürcher, Philippe Conus, Wendy K. Chung, Elliott H. Sherr, John E. Spiro, Ferath Kherif, Jacques S. Beckmann, Nouchine Hadjikhani, Alexandre Reymond, Randy L. Buckner, Bogdan Draganski, Sébastien Jacquemont, Marie-Claude Addor, Joris Andrieux, Benoît Arveiler, Geneviève Baujat, Frédérique Sloan-Béna, Marco Belfiore, Dominique Bonneau, Sonia Bouquillon, Odile Boute, Alfredo Brusco, Tiffany Busa, Jean-Hubert Caberg, Dominique Campion, Vanessa Colombert, Marie-Pierre Cordier, Albert David, François-Guillaume Debray, Marie-Ange Delrue, Martine Doco-Fenzy, Ulrike Dunkhase-Heinl, Patrick Edery, Christina Fagerberg, Laurence Faivre, Francesca Forzano, David Genevieve, Marion Gérard, Daniela Giachino, Agnès Guichet, Olivier Guillin, Delphine Héron, Bertrand Isidor, Aurélia Jacquette, Sylvie Jaillard, Hubert Journel, Boris Keren, Didier Lacombe, Sébastien Lebon, Cédric Le Caignec, Marie-Pierre Lemaître, James Lespinasse, Michèle Mathieu-Dramart, Sandra Mercier, Cyril Mignot, Chantal Missirian, Florence Petit, Kristina Pilekær Sørensen, Lucile Pinson, Ghislaine Plessis, Fabienne Prieur, Caroline Rooryck-Thambo, Massimiliano Rossi, Damien Sanlaville, Britta Schlott Kristiansen, Caroline Schluth-Bolard, Marianne Till, Mieke Van Haelst, Lionel Van Maldergem, Hanalore Alupay, Benjamin Aaronson, Sean Ackerman, Katy Ankenman, Ayesha Anwar, Constance Atwell, Alexandra Bowe, Arthur L. Beaudet, Marta Benedetti, Jessica Berg, Jeffrey Berman, Leandra N. Berry, Audrey L. Bibb, Lisa Blaskey, Jonathan Brennan, Christie M. Brewton, Randy Buckner, Polina Bukshpun, Jordan Burko, Phil Cali, Bettina Cerban, Yishin Chang, Maxwell Cheong, Vivian Chow, Zili Chu, Darina Chudnovskaya, Lauren Cornew, Corby Dale, John Dell, Allison G. Dempsey, Trent Deschamps, Rachel Earl, James Edgar, Jenna Elgin, Jennifer Endre Olson, Yolanda L. Evans, Anne Findlay, Gerald D. Fischbach, Charlie Fisk, Brieana Fregeau, Bill Gaetz, Leah Gaetz, Silvia Garza, Jennifer Gerdts, Orit Glenn, Sarah E. Gobuty, Rachel Golembski, Marion Greenup, Kory Heiken, Katherine Hines, Leighton Hinkley, Frank I. Jackson, Julian Jenkins, Rita J. Jeremy, Kelly Johnson, Stephen M. Kanne, Sudha Kessler, Sarah Y. Khan, Matthew Ku, Emily Kuschner, Anna L. Laakman, Peter Lam, Morgan W. Lasala, Hana Lee, Kevin LaGuerre, Susan Levy, Alyss Lian Cavanagh, Ashlie V. Llorens, Katherine Loftus Campe, Tracy L. Luks, Elysa J. Marco, Stephen Martin, Alastair J. Martin, Gabriela Marzano, Christina Masson, Kathleen E. McGovern, Rebecca McNally Keehn, David T. Miller, Fiona K. Miller, Timothy J. Moss, Rebecca Murray, Srikantan S. Nagarajan, Kerri P. Nowell, Julia Owen, Andrea M. Paal, Alan Packer, Patricia Z. Page, Brianna M. Paul, Alana Peters, Danica Peterson, Annapurna Poduri, Nicholas J. Pojman, Ken Porche, Monica B. Proud, Saba Qasmieh, Melissa B. Ramocki, Beau Reilly, Timothy P.L. Roberts, Dennis Shaw, Tuhin Sinha, Bethanny Smith-Packard, Anne Snow Gallagher, Vivek Swarnakar, Tony Thieu, Christina Triantafallou, Roger Vaughan, Mari Wakahiro, Arianne Wallace, Tracey Ward, Julia Wenegrat, Anne Wolken, 16p11.2 European Consortium, Simons Variation in Individuals Project (VIP) Consortium, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology [Chandigarh] (IMTech), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research [India] (CSIR), Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot (SHFJ), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Human Genetics, Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre [Göteborg, Sueden], Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology [Göteborg]-University of Gothenburg (GU), The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute [Cambridge], Department of Psychiatry [Boston], Massachusetts General Hospital [Boston], Service de génétique médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois [Lausanne] (CHUV), Laboratoire de Génétique Clinique, Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre [Lille]-Université de Lille, Droit et Santé-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Laboratoire de Génétique Humaine, Développement et Cancer, Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2, Imagine - Institut des maladies génétiques (IMAGINE - U1163), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Service de Génétique Médicale [CHU Necker], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Guglielmo Marconi University [Roma], Laboratoire de biomécanique (LBM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Université Paris 13 (UP13), Systèmes de Référence Temps Espace (SYRTE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de Génétique clinique, Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre [Lille]-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Department of Medical Sciences, Università degli studi di Torino (UNITO), Marseille medical genetics - Centre de génétique médicale de Marseille (MMG), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Département de génétique médicale [Hôpital de la Timone - APHM], Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)- Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Génétique du cancer et des maladies neuropsychiatriques (GMFC), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège (CHU-Liège), Service de cytogénétique constitutionnelle, Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-CHU de Lyon-Centre Neuroscience et Recherche, Department of Clinical Genetics, Vejle Hospital, Institute of Child Health, Département de génétique médicale, maladies rares et médecine personnalisée [CHRU Montpellier], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Cellules Souches, Plasticité Cellulaire, Médecine Régénératrice et Immunothérapies (IRMB), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Service de génétique [Angers], Université d'Angers (UA)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers (CHU Angers), PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM), Génétique médicale et fonctionnelle du cancer et des maladies neuropsychiatriques, Institut de Myologie, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Association française contre les myopathies (AFM-Téléthon)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle Epinière = Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail (Irset), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Génétique Médicale, Centre hospitalier Bretagne Atlantique (Morbihan) (CHBA)-Hôpital Chubert, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (CRICM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-CHU Bordeaux [Bordeaux]-Groupe hospitalier Pellegrin, Physiopathologie et neuroprotection des atteintes du cerveau en développement, Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Département de Génétique Chromosomique, Bâtiment Hôtel Dieu - Centre Hospitalier de Chambéry, CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT Neurosciences et Cancer - U1172 Inserm - U837 (JPArc), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Lille Nord de France (COMUE)-Université de Lille, Service de génétique, CHU Dijon, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand (CHU Dijon)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand (CHU Dijon), Service de Génétique [CHU Caen], Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-CHU Caen, Normandie Université (NU)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN), Service de Génétique Clinique Chromosomique et Moléculaire, CHU Saint-Etienne, CHU Bordeaux [Bordeaux], Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Centre de recherche en neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire de la Cellule (LBMC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, Department of Genomics of Common Disease, Imperial College London, Regional Hospital, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences! (UW psychiatry), University of Washington [Seattle], University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), UCSF, Unité de Recherches Zootechniques (URZ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), University of California [San Francisco] (UCSF), University of California, UCL Institute of Neurology, Biomagnetic Imaging Laboratory - University of California, SFARI219193, Simons Foundation, 31003A160203, Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung, Roger De Spoelberch, Partridge Foundations, Jeanne et Jean Louis Levesque Foundation, 604102, Seventh Framework Programme, Canada Research Chairs, CRSII33-133044, SNSF Sinergia, 32003B_159780, SNSF National Centre of Competence in Research Synapsy, Foundation Parkinson Switzerland, Foundation Synapsis, Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), CHU Sainte Justine [Montréal], Harvard University [Cambridge], Odense University Hospital (OUH), Department of radiology (Massachusetts General Hospital), Department of Psychiatry Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Columbia University [New York], Simons Foundation, University of California [San Francisco] (UC San Francisco), University of California (UC), University of Gothenburg (GU), Centre de recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine / Research Center of the Sainte-Justine University Hospital [Montreal, Canada], Université de Montréal (UdeM)-CHU Sainte Justine [Montréal], Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli studi di Torino = University of Turin (UNITO), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Vejle Hospital [Danemark], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Lille Nord de France (COMUE)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille, Centre de recherche en neurosciences de Lyon - Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Harvard University, Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT Neurosciences et Cancer - U837 (JPArc), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne [CHU Saint-Etienne] (CHU ST-E), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), University of Lausanne (UNIL), Centre de recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine [Montreal], Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)- Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE)-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), CHU Caen, Normandie Université (NU)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN)-Normandie Université (NU)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU), Amsterdam Neuroscience - Complex Trait Genetics, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development (AR&D), Human genetics, Institute of Microbial Technology (IMTECH), Intitute of Microbial Technology, Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département de génétique médicale, maladies rares et médecine personnalisée [CHRU de Montpellier], Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Association française contre les myopathies (AFM-Téléthon)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP], Centre Hospitalier Bretagne Atlantique-Hôpital Chubert, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP], Centre de recherche Jean-Pierre Aubert-Neurosciences et Cancer, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille, Droit et Santé, Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Addor, M.C., Andrieux, J., Arveiler, B., Baujat, G., Sloan-Béna, F., Belfiore, M., Bonneau, D., Bouquillon, S., Boute, O., Brusco, A., Busa, T., Caberg, J.H., Campion, D., Colombert, V., Cordier, M.P., David, A., Debray, F.G., Delrue, M.A., Doco-Fenzy, M., Dunkhase-Heinl, U., Edery, P., Fagerberg, C., Faivre, L., Forzano, F., Genevieve, D., Gérard, M., Giachino, D., Guichet, A., Guillin, O., Héron, D., Isidor, B., Jacquette, A., Jaillard, S., Journel, H., Keren, B., Lacombe, D., Lebon, S., Le Caignec, C., Lemaître, M.P., Lespinasse, J., Mathieu-Dramart, M., Mercier, S., Mignot, C., Missirian, C., Petit, F., Pilekær Sørensen, K., Pinson, L., Plessis, G., Prieur, F., Rooryck-Thambo, C., Rossi, M., Sanlaville, D., Schlott Kristiansen, B., Schluth-Bolard, C., Till, M., Van Haelst, M., Van Maldergem, L., Alupay, H., Aaronson, B., Ackerman, S., Ankenman, K., Anwar, A., Atwell, C., Bowe, A., Beaudet, A.L., Benedetti, M., Berg, J., Berman, J., Berry, L.N., Bibb, A.L., Blaskey, L., Brennan, J., Brewton, C.M., Buckner, R., Bukshpun, P., Burko, J., Cali, P., Cerban, B., Chang, Y., Cheong, M., Chow, V., Chu, Z., Chudnovskaya, D., Cornew, L., Dale, C., Dell, J., Dempsey, A.G., Deschamps, T., Earl, R., Edgar, J., Elgin, J., Olson, J.E., Evans, Y.L., Findlay, A., Fischbach, G.D., Fisk, C., Fregeau, B., Gaetz, B., Gaetz, L., Garza, S., Gerdts, J., Glenn, O., Gobuty, S.E., Golembski, R., Greenup, M., Heiken, K., Hines, K., Hinkley, L., Jackson, F.I., Jenkins, J., Jeremy, R.J., Johnson, K., Kanne, S.M., Kessler, S., Khan, S.Y., Ku, M., Kuschner, E., Laakman, A.L., Lam, P., Lasala, M.W., Lee, H., LaGuerre, K., Levy, S., Cavanagh, A.L., Llorens, A.V., Campe, K.L., Luks, T.L., Marco, E.J., Martin, S., Martin, A.J., Marzano, G., Masson, C., McGovern, K.E., McNally Keehn, R., Miller, D.T., Miller, F.K., Moss, T.J., Murray, R., Nagarajan, S.S., Nowell, K.P., Owen, J., Paal, A.M., Packer, A., Page, P.Z., Paul, B.M., Peters, A., Peterson, D., Poduri, A., Pojman, N.J., Porche, K., Proud, M.B., Qasmieh, S., Ramocki, M.B., Reilly, B., Roberts, TPL, Shaw, D., Sinha, T., Smith-Packard, B., Gallagher, A.S., Swarnakar, V., Thieu, T., Triantafallou, C., Vaughan, R., Wakahiro, M., Wallace, A., Ward, T., Wenegrat, J., and Wolken, A.
Subjects: Adult, Male, 0301 basic medicine, Adolescent, DNA Copy Number Variations, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnostic imaging, Autism Spectrum Disorder/genetics, Brain/pathology, Child, Chromosome Deletion, Chromosome Duplication, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 16/genetics, Cognitive Dysfunction/diagnostic imaging, Cognitive Dysfunction/genetics, Female, Humans, Intellectual Disability/diagnostic imaging, Intellectual Disability/genetics, Language, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Middle Aged, Neurodevelopmental Disorders/diagnostic imaging, Neurodevelopmental Disorders/genetics, Schizophrenia/diagnostic imaging, Schizophrenia/genetics, Young Adult, 16p11.2, Autism spectrum disorder, Copy number variant, Genetics, Imaging, Neurodevelopmental disorders, Biology, Biological Psychiatry, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Transverse temporal gyrus, Neuroimaging, Intellectual Disability, medicine, Cognitive Dysfunction, Copy-number variation, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Brain morphometry, Brain, medicine.disease, 16p112, 030104 developmental biology, Schizophrenia, Williams syndrome, Neuroscience, Insula, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 16, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: BACKGROUND: 16p11.2 breakpoint 4 to 5 copy number variants (CNVs) increase the risk for developing autism spectrum disorder, schizophrenia, and language and cognitive impairment. In this multisite study, we aimed to quantify the effect of 16p11.2 CNVs on brain structure.METHODS: Using voxel- and surface-based brain morphometric methods, we analyzed structural magnetic resonance imaging collected at seven sites from 78 individuals with a deletion, 71 individuals with a duplication, and 212 individuals without a CNV.RESULTS: Beyond the 16p11.2-related mirror effect on global brain morphometry, we observe regional mirror differences in the insula (deletion > control > duplication). Other regions are preferentially affected by either the deletion or the duplication: the calcarine cortex and transverse temporal gyrus (deletion > control; Cohen's d > 1), the superior and middle temporal gyri (deletion < control; Cohen's d < -1), and the caudate and hippocampus (control > duplication; -0.5 > Cohen's d > -1). Measures of cognition, language, and social responsiveness and the presence of psychiatric diagnoses do not influence these results.CONCLUSIONS: The global and regional effects on brain morphometry due to 16p11.2 CNVs generalize across site, computational method, age, and sex. Effect sizes on neuroimaging and cognitive traits are comparable. Findings partially overlap with results of meta-analyses performed across psychiatric disorders. However, the lack of correlation between morphometric and clinical measures suggests that CNV-associated brain changes contribute to clinical manifestations but require additional factors for the development of the disorder. These findings highlight the power of genetic risk factors as a complement to studying groups defined by behavioral criteria.
Published: 2018

30. Vertebral corners detection on sagittal X-rays based on shape modelling, random forest classifiers and dedicated visual features

Author: Elsa D. Angelini, Wafa Skalli, Laurent Gajny, Shahin Ebrahimi, Institut de Biomecanique Humaine Georges Charpak, Arts et Métiers ParisTech-Université Paris 13 (UP13), Laboratoire de biomécanique (LBM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Université Paris 13 (UP13), Institut de Mécanique et d'Ingénierie de Bordeaux (I2M), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Arts et Métiers (ENSAM), Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Télécom ParisTech, BiomecAM chair program, Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Arts et Métiers ParisTech, Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École Nationale Supérieure d'Arts et Métiers (ENSAM), and HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)
Subjects: musculoskeletal diseases, Computer science, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Biomedical Engineering, Computational Mechanics, 02 engineering and technology, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, Machine Learning, Mathématique, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Planar, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Medical imaging, medicine, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Computer vision, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], [MATH]Mathematics [math], business.industry, fungi, Informatique, musculoskeletal system, Sagittal plane, Computer Science Applications, Random forest, medicine.anatomical_structure, Fully automated, Sciences du vivant, Biomedical Imaging, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Artificial intelligence, business
Abstract: Quantitative measurements of spine shape parameters on planar X-ray images is critical for clinical applications but remains tedious and with no fully-automated solution demonstrated on the whole spine. This study aims to limit manual input, while demonstrating precise vertebrae corners positioning and shape parameter measurements from sagittal radiographs of the cervical and lumbar regions, exploiting novel dedicated visual features and specialized classifiers. A database of manually annotated X-ray images is used to train specialized Random Forest classifiers for each spine regions and corner types. An original combination of local gradient characteristics, Haar-like features, and contextual features based on patch intensity and contrast is used as visual features. The proposed method is evaluated on 49 sagittal X-rays of asymptomatic and pathological subjects, from multiple imaging sites, and with a large age range (6 – 69 years old). Performance is first evaluated for positioning a 2D spine shape model, where precisely detected corners enable to adjust the model via an original multilinear statistical regression. Root-mean square errors (RMSE) of corners localization and vertebra orientations are reported, demonstrating state-of-the-art precision compared to existing methods, but with minimal manual input. The method is then evaluated for the extraction of additional vertebrae shape characteristics, such as centre positioning, endplate centres positioning and endplate length measures, rarely studied in previous literature. The proposed method enables, with minimal initialization, fast and precise individual vertebrae delineations on sagittal radiographs on normal and pathological cases, with a level of precision and robustness required for objective support for diagnosis and therapy decision making. BiomecAM chair program
Published: 2018

31. A subject-specific biomechanical control model for the prediction of cervical spine muscle forces

Author: Baptiste Sandoz, Maxim Van den Abbeele, Vincent Pomero, Dominique Bonneau, Wafa Skalli, Sébastien Laporte, Fan Li, Institut de Biomecanique Humaine Georges Charpak, Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Arts et Métiers ParisTech, Hunan University [Changsha] (HNU), Arts et Métiers ParisTech, HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM), Laboratoire de biomécanique (LBM), Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Mécanique et d'Ingénierie de Bordeaux (I2M), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Arts et Métiers (ENSAM), Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), HESAM Université (HESAM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Université Paris 13 (UP13), École Nationale Supérieure d'Arts et Métiers (ENSAM), HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Arts et Métiers ParisTech-Université Paris 13 (UP13), HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Administrateur Ensam, Compte De Service
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Computer science, Musculoskeletal Physiological Phenomena, Joint load, Biophysics, Models, Biological, Weight-Bearing, Clinical study, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Physical medicine and rehabilitation, Neck Muscles, [SPI.MECA.BIOM] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Biomechanics [physics.med-ph], medicine, Humans, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Muscle, Skeletal, Mécanique: Biomécanique [Sciences de l'ingénieur], Muscle force, Proprioception, Back Muscles, Subject specific, Lumbosacral Region, Biomechanics, [SPI.MECA.BIOM]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Biomechanics [physics.med-ph], 030229 sport sciences, Cervical spine, Biomechanical Phenomena, 3. Good health, Cervical Vertebrae, Lumbar spine, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Background The aim of the present study is to propose a subject-specific biomechanical control model for the estimation of active cervical spine muscle forces. Methods The proprioception-based regulation model developed by Pomero et al. (2004) for the lumbar spine was adapted to the cervical spine. The model assumption is that the control strategy drives muscular activation to maintain the spinal joint load below the physiological threshold, thus avoiding excessive intervertebral displacements. Model evaluation was based on the comparison with the results of two reference studies. The effect of the uncertainty on the main model input parameters on the predicted force pattern was assessed. The feasibility of building this subject-specific model was illustrated with a case study of one subject. Findings The model muscle force predictions, although independent from EMG recordings, were consistent with the available literature, with mean differences of 20%. Spinal loads generally remained below the physiological thresholds. Moreover, the model behavior was found robust against the uncertainty on the muscle orientation, with a maximum coefficient of variation (CV) of 10%. Interpretation After full validation, this model should offer a relevant and efficient tool for the biomechanical and clinical study of the cervical spine, which might improve the understanding of cervical spine disorders.
Published: 2018

32. Collaborative sensorimotor intelligence: the scrum as a model

Author: Sébastien Laporte, Serge Couvet, Didier Retiere, Junying Fang, Gael Mahe, Julien Piscione, Pierre-Paul Vidal, Danping Wang, Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Laboratoire d'Informatique Paris Descartes (LIPADE - EA 2517), Université Paris Descartes - Faculté des Sciences Fondamentales et Biomédicales (UPD5 Sciences), Fédération Française de Rugby (FFR), Thales (France), Laboratoire de biomécanique (LBM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Université Paris 13 (UP13), Arts et Métiers ParisTech, HESAM Université (HESAM), Institut de Biomecanique Humaine Georges Charpak, Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Arts et Métiers ParisTech, Cognition and Action Group (COGNAC-G - UMR 8257), École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), THALES [France], Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM), and Administrateur Ensam, Compte De Service
Subjects: Computer science, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, Phase (combat), Scrum, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, [SPI.MECA.BIOM] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Biomechanics [physics.med-ph], Collaborative intelligence, rugby, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, National level, Mécanique: Biomécanique [Sciences de l'ingénieur], Simulation, [SDV.IB] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering, NeuroSciences, training, business.industry, ingénierie bio-médicale [Sciences du vivant], Collective intelligence, [SPI.MECA.BIOM]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Biomechanics [physics.med-ph], 030229 sport sciences, Dominant frequency, innovative methods, collaborative intelligence, Original Article, [SDV.IB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering, business, Rugby Scrum, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: AimUsing M-Rex, a rugby scrum simulator, we developed tools to describe scrummaging forces and to prevent accident.MethodsWe tested three groups of frontliners at national level. The simulator was passive or responded to the player(s) to simulate the reaction of opposite players. Sensors in the beam measured the force exerted by each of the players. Their movements were recorded with a Codamotion system.ResultsThe force signals exhibited two phases: a transient phase, similar to a damped sinusoid with a dominant frequency around 5 Hz when the players scrummaged alone and with a wider range when playing together; then, a sustained phase could be decomposed in two components: a DC component remained stable whether frontliners played alone or together. In contrast, its variability decreased when the frontliners played together compared with when they played alone. As for the oscillations, the frontliners exhibited a large variability in their ability to synchronise their efforts during the sustained phase. The synchronisation between the hooker and the props was quite efficient, while it was always missing between two props. Finally, we were able to study postural readjustments and their synchronisation among players during the sustained phase.ConclusionThis study shows that by using adequate methods, it is possible to assess the frontline collective intelligence. These findings may pave the way for innovative methods of training to improve players’ collective behaviour.
Published: 2018

33. Shear Wave Elastography can evaluate Annulus Fibrosus Alteration in Adolescent Scoliosis

Author: Raphaël Vialle, Wafa Skalli, Claudio Vergari, Raphaël Pietton, Tristan Langlais, Jean Dubousset, Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique [UMR 6112] (LPG), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biomécanique et Pathologie Locomotrice du Cheval (BPLC), École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA), Laboratoire de biomécanique (LBM), Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Exeter, Institut de Biomecanique Humaine Georges Charpak, Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Arts et Métiers ParisTech, Chirurgie orthopédique et pédiatrique [Hôpital de la Timone - APHM], Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)- Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE), Institut de Mécanique et d'Ingénierie de Bordeaux (I2M), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Arts et Métiers (ENSAM), Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École Nationale Supérieure d'Arts et Métiers (ENSAM), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM), Laboratoire de Tribologie et Dynamique des Systèmes (LTDS), École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Saint Etienne (ENISE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Chaire BiomecAM, Institut de Biomécanique Humaine Georges Charpak (IBHGC), Université Sorbonne Paris Nord-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Université Paris 13 (UP13), HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Saint Etienne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Arts et Métiers ParisTech-Université Paris 13 (UP13), Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique UMR6112 (LPG), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Nantes - Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques, Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université d'Angers (UA), and HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)
Subjects: Male, musculoskeletal diseases, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Scoliosis, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Lumbar, medicine, Humans, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Child, Mécanique: Biomécanique [Sciences de l'ingénieur], Orthodontics, Annulus (mycology), Shear wave elastography, Cobb angle, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Ultrasound, Annulus Fibrosus, Lumbosacral Region, ingénierie bio-médicale [Sciences du vivant], [SPI.MECA.BIOM]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Biomechanics [physics.med-ph], General Medicine, medicine.disease, musculoskeletal system, Healthy Volunteers, Adolescent scoliosis, Elasticity Imaging Techniques, Female, [SDV.IB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering, Elastography, Radiology, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: In vitro studies showed that annulus fibrosus lose its integrity in idiopathic scoliosis. Shear-wave ultrasound elastography can be used for non-invasive measurement of shear-wave speed (SWS) in vivo in the annulus fibrosus, a parameter related to its mechanical properties. The main aim was to assess SWS in lumbar annulus fibrosus of scoliotic adolescents and compare it to healthy subjects. SWS was measured in 180 lumbar IVDs (L3L4, L4L5, L5S1) of 30 healthy adolescents (13 ± 1.9 years old) and 30 adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients (13 ± 2 years old, Cobb angle: 28.8° ± 10.4°). SWS was compared between the scoliosis and healthy control groups. In healthy subjects, average SWS (all disc levels pooled) was 3.0 ± 0.3 m/s, whereas in scoliotic patients it was significantly higher at 3.5 ± 0.3 m/s (p = 0.0004; Mann-Whitney test). Differences were also significant at all disc levels. No difference was observed between males and females. No correlation was found with age, weight and height. Non-invasive shear-wave ultrasound is a novel method of assessment to quantitative alteration of annulus fibrosus. These preliminary results are promising for considering shear-wave elastography as a biomechanical marker for assessment of idiopathic scoliosis. • Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis may have an altered lumbar annulus fibrosus. • Shear-wave elastography can quantify lumbar annulus fibrosus mechanical properties. • Shear-wave speed was higher in scoliotic annulus than in healthy subjects. • Elastography showed potential as a biomechanical marker for characterizing disc alteration.
Published: 2018

34. Determination of the intervertebral spinal axial rotation in a golf player population: a preliminary study

Author: Philippe Rouch, Maxime Bourgain, Olivier Rouillon, Patricia Thoreux, Christophe Sauret, Grégoire Prum, Institut de Biomecanique Humaine Georges Charpak, Arts et Métiers ParisTech-Université Paris 13 (UP13), Laboratoire de biomécanique (LBM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Université Paris 13 (UP13), Fédération Française de Golf (FFG), Laboratoire de Mécanique et Technologie (LMT), École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Arts et Métiers ParisTech, and Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, 0206 medical engineering, Population, Biomedical Engineering, Bioengineering, 02 engineering and technology, Axial rotation, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, education, Mécanique: Biomécanique [Sciences de l'ingénieur], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Mathematics, Orthodontics, education.field_of_study, Movement (music), food and beverages, [SPI.MECA.BIOM]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Biomechanics [physics.med-ph], General Medicine, Swing, 020601 biomedical engineering, Computer Science Applications, Human-Computer Interaction, Physical therapy, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: The swing is the key movement in golf performance. This movement involves a high axial rotation of the spine that can differ significantly between subjects, resulting different amplitudes during th...
Published: 2017

35. Contribution of vertical and horizontal components of ground reaction forces on global motor moment during a golf swing: a preliminary study

Author: Philippe Rouch, Patricia Thoreux, Olivier Rouillon, Maxime Bourgain, Christophe Sauret, Institut de Biomecanique Humaine Georges Charpak, Arts et Métiers ParisTech-Université Paris 13 (UP13), Laboratoire de biomécanique (LBM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Université Paris 13 (UP13), Fédération Française de Golf (FFG), Hôpital Avicenne [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Laboratoire de Mécanique et Technologie (LMT), École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Arts et Métiers ParisTech, Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Administrateur Ensam, Compte De Service
Subjects: Horizontal and vertical, 0206 medical engineering, Biomedical Engineering, Bioengineering, 02 engineering and technology, 03 medical and health sciences, Acceleration, 0302 clinical medicine, [SPI.MECA.BIOM] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Biomechanics [physics.med-ph], Hardware_INTEGRATEDCIRCUITS, Ground reaction force, Mécanique: Biomécanique [Sciences de l'ingénieur], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Hardware_MEMORYSTRUCTURES, Movement (music), [SPI.MECA.BIOM]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Biomechanics [physics.med-ph], 030229 sport sciences, General Medicine, Swing, Geodesy, 020601 biomedical engineering, Computer Science Applications, Human-Computer Interaction, Moment (physics), Geology, Hardware_LOGICDESIGN, Marine engineering
Abstract: The swing is a crucial movement for golf performance. During their swing, golfers apply forces on the ground through their feet at the origin of the clubhead acceleration. Most of the studies that ...
Published: 2017

36. Validity and reliability of different techniques of neck-shaft angle measurement

Author: Ziad Bakouny, Ismat Ghanem, Joeffroy Otayek, Elie Saghbini, W. Skalli, Joe Ghanimeh, Aren Joe Bizdikian, Fares Yared, G. E. Bakhos, Ayman Assi, Christophe Sauret, Nour Khalil, S. Esber, Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Microbiologie Appliquée (LBMA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2, Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire des Eucaryotes (LBMCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de biologie physico-chimique (IBPC (FR_550)), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Laboratoire de biomécanique (LBM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Université Paris 13 (UP13), Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth (USJ), Institut de Biomecanique Humaine Georges Charpak, Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Arts et Métiers ParisTech, Laboratoire de Biomécanique et Mécanique des Chocs (LBMC UMR T9406), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR), Microorganismes, Molécules Bioactives et Physiopathologie Intestinale (LBM-E4), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Laboratoire des biomolécules (LBM UMR 7203), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Département de Chimie - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Chimie Moléculaire de Paris Centre (FR 2769), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Ecole Superieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Peptides, glycoconjugués et métaux en biologie (LBM-E1), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Département de Chimie - ENS Paris, Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut de biologie physico-chimique (IBPC (FR_550)), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Chimie Moléculaire de Paris Centre (FR 2769), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département de Chimie - ENS Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Chimie Moléculaire de Paris Centre (FR 2769), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris- Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP)-ESPCI ParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris- Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP)-ESPCI ParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département de Chimie - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Chimie Moléculaire de Paris Centre (FR 2769), Administrateur Ensam, Compte De Service, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département de Chimie - ENS Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Chimie Moléculaire de Paris Centre (FR 2769)
Subjects: Adult, Male, Radiography, Validity, Patient Positioning, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, 03 medical and health sciences, Femoral head, Young Adult, 0302 clinical medicine, Imaging, Three-Dimensional, [SPI.MECA.BIOM] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Biomechanics [physics.med-ph], medicine, Humans, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Femur, Mécanique: Biomécanique [Sciences de l'ingénieur], Reliability (statistics), Femoral neck, Aged, Orthodontics, Aged, 80 and over, 030222 orthopedics, business.industry, Femur Neck, [SPI.MECA.BIOM]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Biomechanics [physics.med-ph], Reproducibility of Results, Femur Head, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Reference Standards, medicine.anatomical_structure, Lesser Trochanter, Female, Tomography, Diaphyses, business, Tomography, X-Ray Computed
Abstract: International audience; is an open access repository that collects the work of Arts et Métiers ParisTech researchers and makes it freely available over the web where possible. This is an author-deposited version published in: https://sam.ensam.eu Handle ID; AIM: To determine a valid and reliable neck-shaft angle (NSA) measurement method while rotating the pelvises in increments of 5° in order to simulate patient malpositioning.MATERIALS AND METHODS: CT images of 17 patients were used to produce digitally reconstructed radiographs in frontal and lateral views and three-dimensional (3D)-reconstructions of the femurs, considered to be the reference standard. Malpositioning was simulated by axially rotating the frontal radiographs from 0° to 20°. Three operators measured in two-dimensions the NSA using four different methods, three times each, at each axial rotation (AR) position. Method 1 (femoral neck axis drawn by joining the centre of the femoral head (CFH) to the median of the femoral neck base; femoral diaphysis axis drawn by joining the median of two lines passing through the medial and lateral edges of the femoral axis below the lesser trochanter) and method 2 (femoral axis taken as the median of a triangle passing through base of femoral neck and medial and lateral head-neck junction; femoral diaphysis as previous) were described for the first time; method 3 was based on a previous study; method 4 was a free-hand technique. Reliability, validity, and global uncertainty were assessed.RESULTS: Method 1 showed the best reliability and validity. The global uncertainty also showed minimal values for method 1, ranging from 7.4° to 14.3° across AR positions.CONCLUSION: Method 1, based on locating the CFH, was the most reliable and valid method and should be considered as a standardised two-dimensional NSA measurement method for clinical application.
Published: 2017

37. Subject specific hexahedral Finite Element mesh generation of the pelvis from bi-Planar X-ray images

Author: Wafa Skalli, Pierre-Yves Rohan, Nolwenn Fougeron, Aurélien Macron, Hélène Pillet, Laboratoire de biomécanique (LBM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Université Paris 13 (UP13), Institut de Biomecanique Humaine Georges Charpak, Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Arts et Métiers ParisTech, Centre Ingénierie et Santé (CIS-ENSMSE), École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Département Intelligence Ambiante et Systèmes Interactifs (DIASI), Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Administrateur Ensam, Compte De Service, and Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST)
Subjects: Surface (mathematics), FEM, Hexahedral mesh, Subject specific, Pelvis, Bi-planar X-rays, Computer science, 0206 medical engineering, Biomedical Engineering, Bioengineering, 02 engineering and technology, finite element analysis, information processing, Article, Computational science, 03 medical and health sciences, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], 0302 clinical medicine, Planar, [SPI.MECA.BIOM] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Biomechanics [physics.med-ph], Polygon mesh, Representation (mathematics), Mécanique: Biomécanique [Sciences de l'ingénieur], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 3D reconstruction, three dimensional imaging, [SPI.MECA.BIOM]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Biomechanics [physics.med-ph], 030229 sport sciences, General Medicine, 020601 biomedical engineering, Finite element method, Computer Science Applications, Human-Computer Interaction, priority journal, Hexahedron, Element (category theory), [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, bone microarchitecture, radiography
Abstract: International audience; Several Finite Element (FE) models of the pelvis have been developed to comprehensively assessthe onset of pathologies and for clinical and industrial applications. However, because of the difficultiesassociated with the creation of subject-specific FE mesh from CT scan and MR images,most of the existing models rely on the data of one given individual. Moreover, although severalfast and robust methods have been developed for automatically generating tetrahedral meshesof arbitrary geometries, hexahedral meshes are still preferred today because of their distinctadvantages but their generation remains an open challenge. Recently, approaches have beenproposed for fast 3D reconstruction of bones based on X-ray imaging. In this study, we adaptedsuch an approach for the fast and automatic generation of all-hexahedral subject-specific FEmodels of the pelvis based on the elastic registration of a generic mesh to the subject-specifictarget in conjunction with element regularity and quality correction. A full hexahedral subject-specific FE mesh was generated with an accurate surfacerepresentation.
Published: 2017

38. Evaluation of a scapula spinal marker cluster to track the scapula kinematics during manual wheelchair propulsion

Author: Joseph Bascou, Coralie Villa, Christophe Sauret, Antoine Lombart, Alice Siegel, Hélène Pillet, Institut de Biomecanique Humaine Georges Charpak, Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Arts et Métiers ParisTech, Arts et Métiers ParisTech, HESAM Université (HESAM), Laboratoire de biomécanique (LBM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Université Paris 13 (UP13), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM), and Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Computer science, 0206 medical engineering, Biomedical Engineering, Bioengineering, 02 engineering and technology, Kinematics, Propulsion, Manual wheelchair, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Wheelchair, Physical medicine and rehabilitation, Scapula, medicine, Mécanique: Biomécanique [Sciences de l'ingénieur], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Track (disk drive), [SPI.MECA.BIOM]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Biomechanics [physics.med-ph], 030229 sport sciences, Anatomy, General Medicine, 020601 biomedical engineering, Computer Science Applications, Human-Computer Interaction
Abstract: Manual wheelchair (MWC) propulsion is a constraining mode of locomotion for the musculoskeletal system. It results that 30–70% of the MWC users suffer from musculoskeletal disorders, in particular ...
Published: 2017

39. Influence of patient rotational malpositioning on pelvic parameters assessed on lateral radiographs

Author: L. Chelala, Wafa Skalli, E. Naoum, Fares Yared, Ismat Ghanem, Nour Khalil, Ayman Assi, Elie Saghbini, Christophe Sauret, Ziad Bakouny, Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth (USJ), Institut de Biomecanique Humaine Georges Charpak, Arts et Métiers ParisTech-Université Paris 13 (UP13), Laboratoire de biomécanique (LBM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Université Paris 13 (UP13), Institut de Mécanique et d'Ingénierie de Bordeaux (I2M), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Arts et Métiers (ENSAM), Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Arts et Métiers ParisTech, HESAM Université (HESAM), Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Arts et Métiers ParisTech, École Nationale Supérieure d'Arts et Métiers (ENSAM), HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Rotation, Radiography, Patient Positioning, Pelvis, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Humans, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Child, Mécanique: Biomécanique [Sciences de l'ingénieur], Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Observer Variation, 030222 orthopedics, business.industry, Pelvic incidence, [SPI.MECA.BIOM]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Biomechanics [physics.med-ph], General Medicine, Middle Aged, Sagittal plane, Surgery, Clinical Practice, medicine.anatomical_structure, Radiological weapon, Digitally reconstructed radiographs, Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted, Female, Tomography, business, Nuclear medicine, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: International audience; Aim: To estimate the effect of patients' axial rotation (AR) during pelvic radiograph acquisition, on the reliability and validity of sagittal pelvic parameters.Materials and methods: Lateral digitally reconstructed radiographs (LDRRs) were obtained from the pelvic computed tomography (CT) scans of eight children and nine adults. Then, the AR of the pelvis was simulated and the corresponding LDRRs were reconstructed at 5°, 10°, 15°, and 20° of the AR. Pelvic parameters were measured digitally on each radiograph. Intra- and interobserver variability were evaluated at each AR position (three operators repeated the measurements three times each). The bias on each clinical parameter, in each AR position, was calculated relatively to the 0° position.Results: Interobserver variability increased similarly in children and adults with AR. It reached 4.4° for pelvic incidence and 4.7° for the sacral slope at 20° of AR. Biases on radiological parameters increased with AR and exceeded the acceptable threshold of errors when AR reached 10°. A linear regression was established (R2=0.834, p
Published: 2017

40. Simulating the Remodelling of Bone around Implants

Author: FRAME, Jamie, Rohan, Pierre-Yves, CORTE, Laurent, Allena, Rachele, Institut de Biomecanique Humaine Georges Charpak, Arts et Métiers ParisTech-Université Paris 13 (UP13), Centre des Matériaux (MAT), MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Matière Molle et Chimie (MMC), Ecole Superieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI Paris), Laboratoire de biomécanique (LBM), Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Funding by the Fédération Francilienne de Mécanique (Coup de pouce 2015) is acknowledged., Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Arts et Métiers ParisTech, Mines Paris - PSL (École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris), Administrateur Ensam, Compte De Service, and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Université Paris 13 (UP13)
Subjects: [SPI.MECA.BIOM] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Biomechanics [physics.med-ph], [SPI.MECA.BIOM]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Biomechanics [physics.med-ph], Mécanique: Biomécanique [Sciences de l'ingénieur]
Abstract: Introduction Improper osseointegration of implants leading to poor mechanical anchoring or embrittlement of neighboring bone is a major concern in orthopedic surgery [1?]. This integration is known to depend on the complex interplay between the mechanical environment and the cell activity in the tissues surrounding the implant. In order to accurately predict the success of an implant a robust description of the remodeling behavior of bone is required. Building upon previous research modeling osteogenesis around implants [2] a mechano-biological Finite Element (FE) model is proposed to describe the remodeling processes involved when bone, cartilage and fibrous tissue are submitted to mechanical loads. Method In this work, we describe the mechanostat (the interrelationship between loading conditions and remodeling) of bone [1] by modelling the net effect of cellular activities at the tissue level. For that, we distinguish the immature tissues resulting from the early proliferation steps (growth and diffusion) from the mature tissues obtained after a consolidation of the extra-cellular matrix (mineralization for bone). In each elementary volume element, the creation of new (immature) tissue is dependent upon the level of applied strain and is described by a reaction-diffusion equation. Results Using these equations a simple cantilever cyclic bending simulation was created and loaded to recreate a range of physiological strains experienced during bone remodeling. Preliminary results for bone tissue only are presented in Figure 1. This shows the cantilever boundary conditions and maximum normalized shear strain distribution which produce the evolution of immature and mature bone tissues over time. As the Young’s modulus increases proportionately with the increase in mature tissue density the strain under constant loading conditions is observed to reduce, therefore altering the generation of new tissue types. The model proposed here may offer numerous perspectives as a predictive tool for implant design or for the new therapies against bone resorption. Funding by the Fédération Francilienne de Mécanique (Coup de pouce 2015) is acknowledged.
Published: 2017

41. Tridimensional Analysis of Rotatory Subluxation and Sagittal Spinopelvic Alignment in the Setting of Adult Spinal Deformity

Author: Wafa Skalli, Bassel G. Diebo, Pierre Guigui, Brice Illharreborde, Virginie Lafage, Frank J. Schwab, Vincent Challier, Renaud Lafage, Emmanuelle Ferrero, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] (HEGP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO), Hospital for Special Surgery, Hôpital Robert Debré Paris, Hôpital Robert Debré, Laboratoire de biomécanique (LBM), and Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sorbonne Paris Nord
Subjects: Adult, Male, Pelvic tilt, Rotation, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Joint Dislocations, Radiostereometric Analysis, Congenital Abnormalities, Pelvis, Stereoradiography, 03 medical and health sciences, Imaging, Three-Dimensional, 0302 clinical medicine, Lumbar, Deformity, Humans, Medicine, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Aged, Retrospective Studies, Subluxation, Orthodontics, 030222 orthopedics, Cobb angle, business.industry, Anatomy, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Spine, Sagittal plane, Oswestry Disability Index, Treatment Outcome, medicine.anatomical_structure, Scoliosis, Sciences du vivant, Female, medicine.symptom, business, Low Back Pain, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Study Design Retrospective single-center. Objective To investigate rotatory subluxation (RS) in adult spinal deformity (ASD) with three-dimensional (3D) stereoradiographic images and analyze relationships between RS, transverse plane parameters, spinopelvic parameters, and clinical outcomes. Background Recent research has demonstrated that sagittal plane malalignment and listhesis correlate with ASD patient-reported outcomes. However, there is still a lack of knowledge regarding the clinical impact of 3D evaluation and rotatory subluxation. Recent developments in stereoradiography allow clinicians to obtain full-body standing radiographs with low-dose radiation and 3D reconstruction. Methods One hundred thirty lumbar ASD patients underwent full-spine biplanar radiographs (EOS Imaging, Paris, France). Clinical outcomes were recorded. Using sterEOS software, spinopelvic parameters and lateral listhesis were measured. 3D transverse plane parameters included apical axial vertebral rotation, axial intervertebral rotation (AIR), and torsion index (sum of AIR in the curve). ASD patients were divided in three groups: AIR 10°. Groups were compared with respect to radiographic and clinical data. Correlations were performed between the transverse and sagittal plane parameters and clinical outcomes. Results Patients with AIR >10° were significantly older, with larger Cobb angle (39.5°) and greater sagittal plane deformity (pelvic incidence–lumbar lordosis mismatch 11.7° and pelvic tilt 22.6°). The AIR >10° group had significantly greater apical vertebra axial rotation apex (24.8°), torsion index (45°), and upper-level AIR (21.5°) than the two other groups. Overall, 27% of AIR patients did not have two-dimensional (2D) lateral listhesis. Patients with AIR >10° had significantly worse Oswestry Disability Index and more low back pain. Conclusion For patients in which lateral listhesis was unreadable in 2D imaging, rotatory subluxation was revealed using stereoradiography and at an earlier disease stage. Moreover, different 3D transverse plane parameters are related to different patient-reported outcomes. Therefore, axial rotation can be considered in evaluation of lumbar degenerative scoliosis severity and prognosis. Level of Evidence Level III.
Published: 2017

42. Observational Study of 180° Turning Strategies Using Inertial Measurement Units and Fall Risk in Poststroke Hemiparetic Patients

Author: Rémi Pierre-Marie Barrois, Damien Ricard, Laurent Oudre, Leila Tlili, Clément Provost, Aliénor Vienne, Pierre-Paul Vidal, Stéphane Buffat, Alain P. Yelnik, École du Val de Grâce (EVDG), Service de Santé des Armées, Département Traitement du Signal et des Images (TSI), Télécom ParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de biomécanique (LBM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Université Paris 13 (UP13), Cognition and Action Group (COGNAC-G - UMR 8257), École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut de Médecine Aérospatiale du Service de Santé des Armées (IMASSA)
Subjects: 030506 rehabilitation, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, fall, Risk of fall, lcsh:RC346-429, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Rehabilitation department, Stroke, lcsh:Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Balance (ability), Original Research, Rehabilitation, business.industry, 180° turn, turning strategy, inertial measurement unit, [SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience, Fall risk, medicine.disease, Trunk, stroke, Neurology, Physical therapy, Observational study, Neurology (clinical), 0305 other medical science, business, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Neuroscience
Abstract: Objective We analyzed spontaneous 180° turning strategies in poststroke hemiparetic patients by using inertial measurement units (IMUs) and the association of turning strategies with risk of falls. Methods We included right paretic (RP) and left paretic (LP) post-stroke patients, and healthy controls (HCs) from a physical and rehabilitation department in France between July 2015 and October 2015. All subjects were right-handed and right-footed for mobilization tasks. Participants were instructed to turn 180° in a self-selected direction after a 10-m walk while wearing three IMUs on their trunk and both feet. We defined three turning patterns based on the number of external steps (pattern I = 1; II = 2–4 steps; and III ≥ 5) and four turning strategies based on the side chosen to turn (healthy or paretic) and the stance limb used during the first step of the turn (healthy or paretic). Falls in the 6 months after measurement were investigated. Results We included 17 RP [mean (SD) age 57.5 (9.5) years (range 43–73)], 20 LP patients [mean age 60.7 (8.8) years (range 43–63)], and 15 HCs [mean age 56.7 (16.1) years (range 36–83)]. The LP and RP groups behaved similarly in turning patterns, but 90% of LP patients turned spontaneously to the paretic side versus 59% of RP patients. This difference increased with turning strategies: 85% of LP versus 29% of RP patients used strategy 4 (paretic turn side with paretic limb). Patients using strategy 4 had the highest rate of falls. Conclusion We propose to consider spontaneous turning strategies as new indicators to evaluate the risk of fall after stroke. IMU could be routinely used to identify this risk and guide balance rehabilitation programs.
Published: 2017

43. Assessment of power losses due to ground contact forces during usual manual wheelchair movements

Author: François Lavaste, Christophe Sauret, Constantin Fallot, Samuel Hybois, Hélène Pillet, Joseph Bascou, Administrateur Ensam, Compte De Service, Arts et Métiers ParisTech, LBM/Institut de Biomécanique Humaine Georges Charpak, Paris, France, parent, Institut de Biomecanique Humaine Georges Charpak, Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Arts et Métiers ParisTech, ‘Fondation du sport français - Henri Sérandour’, Institution Nationale des Invalides - Centre d’Etudes et de Recherche sur l’Appareillage des Handicapés (INI/CERAH), Laboratoire de biomécanique (LBM), Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Arts et Métiers ParisTech, HESAM Université (HESAM), and HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)
Subjects: 030506 rehabilitation, medicine.medical_specialty, Computer science, media_common.quotation_subject, 0206 medical engineering, education, Biomedical Engineering, Disabled people, Bioengineering, 02 engineering and technology, movement resistance, Sciences de l'ingénieur, Ground contact, Power (social and political), Manual wheelchair, 03 medical and health sciences, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], [SPI.MECA.BIOM] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Biomechanics [physics.med-ph], medicine, turning, manual wheelchair, Mécanique: Biomécanique [Sciences de l'ingénieur], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, health care economics and organizations, media_common, [SPI.MECA.BIOM]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Biomechanics [physics.med-ph], General Medicine, equipment and supplies, 020601 biomedical engineering, nervous system diseases, Computer Science Applications, body regions, Human-Computer Interaction, Physical therapy, rolling, 0305 other medical science, human activities, Autonomy
Abstract: Manual wheelchair (MWC) allows disabled people to recover autonomy, but may overload their upper limbs, causing pain or musculoskeletal disorders (Mercer et al. 2006). The stresses sustained by the...
Published: 2017

44. Effects of ellipsoid parameters on scapula motion during manual wheelchair propulsion based on multibody kinematics optimization. A preliminary study

Author: Antoine Lombart, Pierre Puchaud, Samuel Hybois, François Lavaste, Christophe Sauret, Hélène Pillet, Joseph Bascou, Institut de Biomecanique Humaine Georges Charpak, Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Arts et Métiers ParisTech, Institution Nationale des Invalides - Centre d’Etudes et de Recherche sur l’Appareillage des Handicapés (INI/CERAH), Laboratoire de biomécanique (LBM), Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Arts et Métiers ParisTech, HESAM Université (HESAM), Arts et Métiers ParisTech, LBM/Institut de Biomécanique Humaine Georges Charpak, Paris, France, parent, CERAH, Institution Nationale des Invalides, Administrateur Ensam, Compte De Service, and HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)
Subjects: Engineering, [SPI] Engineering Sciences [physics], shoulder, 0206 medical engineering, Biomedical Engineering, Bioengineering, 02 engineering and technology, Kinematics, Propulsion, Sciences de l'ingénieur, Motion (physics), Manual wheelchair, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Wheelchair, Scapula, wheelchair, [SPI.MECA.BIOM] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Biomechanics [physics.med-ph], Mécanique: Biomécanique [Sciences de l'ingénieur], Simulation, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, musculoskeletal, business.industry, [SPI.MECA.BIOM]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Biomechanics [physics.med-ph], General Medicine, 020601 biomedical engineering, Ellipsoid, Computer Science Applications, Human-Computer Interaction, kinematics, business, scapulothoracic, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: International audience; The aim of this work was to evaluate the influence of the ellipsoid parameters (centre location and radii) on kinematicsreconstructed using multibody kinematics optimisation during MWC propulsion.
Published: 2017

45. Intra cranial volume quantification from 3D reconstruction based on CT-scan data

Author: Pierre-Marc François, Sébastien Laporte, Philippe Decq, Baptiste Sandoz, Laboratoire de biomécanique (LBM), Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Biomecanique Humaine Georges Charpak, and Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Arts et Métiers ParisTech
Subjects: congenital, hereditary, and neonatal diseases and abnormalities, Biomedical Engineering, Bioengineering, Computed tomography, Craniosynostosis, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Mécanique: Biomécanique [Sciences de l'ingénieur], Chiari malformation, Congenital diseases, Crania, biology, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, fungi, 3D reconstruction, food and beverages, [SPI.MECA.BIOM]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Biomechanics [physics.med-ph], General Medicine, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, 030227 psychiatry, Computer Science Applications, Human-Computer Interaction, Skull, medicine.anatomical_structure, Nuclear medicine, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Volume (compression)
Abstract: The evolution of some congenital diseases impacting the shape of the skull such as the Chiari malformation or Craniosynostosis condition can be quantify measuring the increasing of the intra cranial volume (ICV) (Gault et al. 1993). This volume could be calculated from ana-tomic measurements (Gordon 1966). Nevertheless, in case of important variations of shape, these techniques were not suitable to accurately assess ICV from measure-ments of global parameters. Some studies, using automatic segmentation combined with manual adjustments from MRI acquisition were used to assess the ICV (Reite et al. 2010). However, 3-4 hours were required for each patient to complete the process. Other studies used total auto-matic segmentation to calculate volume of the brain and the ICV (de Jong et al. 2017). But high quality of MRI was necessary to get accurate results.The purpose of this study was to develop a fast, efficient and reproducible procedure to calculate the ICV, based on 3D skull reconstruction obtained from scanner imaging.
Published: 2017

46. Glenohumeral contact force during flat and topspin tennis forehand drives

Author: Thomas Creveaux, Laurence Chèze, Isabelle Rogowski, Raphaël Dumas, Yoann Blache, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité ( LIBM ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] ( UJM ) -Université Savoie Mont Blanc ( USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry] ), Laboratoire de Biomécanique et Mécanique des Chocs ( LBMC UMR T9406 ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux ( IFSTTAR ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Laboratoire de biomécanique (LBM), Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Biomécanique et Mécanique des Chocs (LBMC UMR T9406), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)
Subjects: Adult, Male, Models, Anatomic, ANTERIOR-SUPERIOR GLENOID, medicine.medical_specialty, 0206 medical engineering, Shear force, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, 02 engineering and technology, Athletic Performance, RACKET SPORTS, musculoskeletal model, GLENOHUMERAL CONTACT FORCE, SPORT, Contact force, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Physical medicine and rehabilitation, Elbow Joint, medicine, Humans, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, [ SDV.IB ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering, [PHYS.MECA.BIOM]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Biomechanics [physics.med-ph], Mathematics, Shoulder Joint, Stance phase, 030229 sport sciences, MUSCLE, 020601 biomedical engineering, Biomechanical Phenomena, MODEL, medicine.anatomical_structure, SHEARING FORCE, Tennis, Shoulder joint, [SDV.IB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering, SHOULDER, MUSCULOSKELETAL, EPAULE, human activities, 3d kinematics
Abstract: International audience; 12 The primary role of the shoulder joint in tennis forehand drive is at the expense of the 13 loadings undergone by this joint. Nevertheless, few studies investigated glenohumeral (GH) 14 contact forces during forehand drives. The aim of this study was to investigate GH 15 compressive and shearing forces during the flat and topspin forehand drives in advanced 16 tennis players. 3D kinematics of flat and topspin forehand drives of 11 advanced tennis 17 players were recorded. The Delft Shoulder and Elbow musculoskeletal model was 18 implemented to assess the magnitude and orientation of GH contact forces during the 19 forehand drives. The results showed no differences in magnitude and orientation of GH 20 contact forces between the flat and topspin forehand drives. The estimated maximal GH 21 contact force during the forward swing phase was 3573 ± 1383 N, which was on average 1.25 22 time greater than during the follow-through phase, and 5.8 times greater than during the 23 backswing phase. Regardless the phase of the forehand drive, GH contact forces pointed 24 toward the anterior-superior part of the glenoid therefore standing for shearing forces. 25 Knowledge of GH contact forces during real sport tasks performed at high velocity may 26 improve the understanding of various sport-specific adaptations and causative factors for 27 shoulder problems. 28 2 29
Published: 2017

47. Is bearing resistance negligible during wheelchair locomotion? Design and validation of a testing device

Author: Bascou, Joseph, Sauret, Christophe, Lavaste, Francois, Hélène, Pillet, Arts et Métiers ParisTech, HESAM Université (HESAM), Laboratoire de biomécanique (LBM), Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Biomecanique Humaine Georges Charpak, Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Arts et Métiers ParisTech, Administrateur Ensam, Compte De Service, and HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)
Subjects: wheelchair, bearing resistance, radial load, setting influence, axial load, rotation velocity, Mécanique [Sciences de l'ingénieur], wheelchair, rotation velocity, radial load, setting influence, bearing resistance, [SPI.MECA]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph], Wheelchair, bearing resistance, radial load, setting influence, axial load, rotation velocity, [SPI.MECA] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph], human activities, axial load
Abstract: International audience; Purpose: Among the different resistances occurring during wheelchair locomotion and that limit the user autonomy, bearing resistance is generally neglected, based on a few studies carried out in static conditions and by manufacturer’s assertion. Therefore, no special attention is generally paid to the mounting and the maintenance of manual wheelchair bearings. However, the effect of inadequate mounting or maintenance on wheelchair bearing resistance has still to be clarified. This study aimed at filling this gap by developing and validating a specific device allowing the measurement of wheelchair bearing friction, characterized by low speed velocities, with an accuracy lower than 0.003 Nm.Methods: The bearing resistance measured by the device was compared to free deceleration measurement, intra and inter operator reproducibility were assessed. A factorial experiment allowed the effects of various functioning parameters (axial and radial loads, velocity) to be classified.Results: The device allowed significant differences in the bearing resistance of static and rotating conditions to be measured, even if a relatively high proportionality was found between both conditions. The factorial experiment allowed the expected impact of the radial load on bearing resistance as well as the predominant effect of the axial load to be demonstrated.Conclusions: As a consequence, it appeared that the control of the axial load is compulsory for measurement purposes or during wheel mounting, to avoid significant increase of global resistance during wheelchair locomotion. The findings of this study could help enhancing the models which assess manual wheelchair mechanical power from its settings and use conditions.
Published: 2017

48. A numerical model suggests the interplay between nuclear plasticity and stiffness during a perfusion assay

Author: Solenne Deveraux, Denis Aubry, Rachele Allena, Laboratoire de mécanique des sols, structures et matériaux (MSSMat), CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Biomecanique Humaine Georges Charpak, Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Arts et Métiers ParisTech, Laboratoire de biomécanique (LBM), and Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Statistics and Probability, Cytoplasm, 0206 medical engineering, Cell, 02 engineering and technology, Plasticity, Models, Biological, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], 03 medical and health sciences, Elastic Modulus, Organelle, medicine, Computer Simulation, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Cell Nucleus, Nucleoplasm, General Immunology and Microbiology, Chemistry, Applied Mathematics, ingénierie bio-médicale [Sciences du vivant], [SPI.MECA.BIOM]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Biomechanics [physics.med-ph], Cell migration, General Medicine, Anatomy, 020601 biomedical engineering, Elasticity, Biomechanical Phenomena, Perfusion, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Modeling and Simulation, Biophysics, Nuclear lamina, [SDV.IB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Nucleus
Abstract: International audience; Cell deformability is a necessary condition for a cell to be able to migrate, an ability that is vital both for healthy and diseased organisms. The nucleus being the largest and stiffest organelle, it often is a barrier to cell migration. It is thus essential to characterize its mechanical behaviour. First, we numerically investigate the visco-elasto-plastic properties of the isolated nucleus during a compression test. This simulation highlights the impact of the mechanical behaviour of the nuclear lamina and the nucleoplasm on the overall plasticity. Second, a whole cell model is developed to simulate a perfusion experiment to study the possible interactions between the cytoplasm and the nucleus. We analyze and discuss the role of the lamina for a wild-type cell model, and a lamin-deficient one, in which the Young’s modulus of the lamina is set to 1% of its nominal value. This simulation suggests an interplay between the cytoplasm and the nucleoplasm, especially in the lamin-deficient cell, showing the need of a stiffer nucleoplasm to maintain nuclear plasticity.
Published: 2017

49. In Vivo Assessment of Elasticity of Child Rib Cortical Bone Using Quantitative Computed Tomography

Author: Baptiste Sandoz, Jean-Baptiste Pialat, J. P. Pracros, Yumin Zhu, Wafa Skalli, J. Payen De La Garanderie, Denis Brizard, François Bermond, David Mitton, Frédéric Rongieras, Laboratoire de Biomécanique et Mécanique des Chocs (LBMC UMR T9406), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR), Service de Radiologie, Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Service de Radiologie et IRM, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Institut de Biomécanique Humaine Georges Charpak, Arts et Métiers ParisTech, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM), Service de chirurgie orthopédique et traumatologique, hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Desgenettes, 69275 Lyon cedex 03, France, parent, LabEx PRIMES, Physique, Radiobiologie, Imagerie Médicale et Simulation, Université de Lyon, East China Normal University [Shangaï] (ECNU), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR), Service de Radiologie [Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse - HCL], Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse [CHU - HCL], Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Physiopathologie, diagnostic et traitements des maladies osseuses / Pathophysiology, Diagnosis & Treatments of Bone Diseases (LYOS), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Hôpital Edouard Herriot [CHU - HCL], Laboratoire de biomécanique (LBM), Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), HESAM Université (HESAM), Laboratoire de Biomécanique Appliquée (LBA UMR T24), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR), Institut de Biomecanique Humaine Georges Charpak, and Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Arts et Métiers ParisTech
Subjects: musculoskeletal diseases, Materials science, Article Subject, QH301-705.5, 0206 medical engineering, Biomedical Engineering, Medicine (miscellaneous), Bioengineering, 02 engineering and technology, 03 medical and health sciences, BIOMECANIQUE, 0302 clinical medicine, CHILD, ADULT, In vivo, Hounsfield scale, medicine, Biology (General), Elasticity (economics), Quantitative computed tomography, ADULTE, Mécanique: Biomécanique [Sciences de l'ingénieur], TRUNK, Bone mineral, IN VIVO, Rib cage, medicine.diagnostic_test, RESPIRATORY PHYSIOTHERAPY, [SPI.MECA.BIOM]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Biomechanics [physics.med-ph], 020601 biomedical engineering, medicine.anatomical_structure, MECHANICAL RESPONSE, ENFANT, Cortical bone, [SDV.IB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering, TP248.13-248.65, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Research Article, Biotechnology, Biomedical engineering
Abstract: International audience; Elasticity of the child rib cortical bone is poorly known due to the difficulties in obtaining specimens to perform conventional tests. It was shown on the femoral cortical bone that elasticity is strongly correlated with density for both children and adults through a unique relationship. Thus, it is assumed that the relationships between the elasticity and density of adult rib cortical bones could be expanded to include that of children. This study estimated in vivo the elasticity of the child rib cortical bone using quantitative computed tomography (QCT). Twenty-eight children (from 1 to 18 y.o.) were considered. Calibrated QCT images were prescribed for various thoracic pathologies. The Hounsfield units were converted to bone mineral density (BMD). A relationship between the BMD and the elasticity of the rib cortical bone was applied to estimate the elasticity of children’s ribs in vivo. The estimated elasticity increases with growth (7.1 ± 2.5 GPa at 1 y.o. up to 11.6 ± 1.9 GPa at 18 y.o.). This data is in agreement with the few previous values obtained using direct measurements. This methodology paves the way for in vivo assessment of the elasticity of the child cortical bone based on calibrated QCT images.
Published: 2017

50. Impact testing of polymeric foam using Hopkinson bars and digital image analysis

Author: Han Zhao, Jiagui Liu, Dominique Saletti, Stéphane Pattofatto, Laboratoire de Mécanique et Technologie (LMT), École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de biomécanique (LBM), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Université Paris 13 (UP13)
Subjects: High-speed imaging, Polymeric foam, Digital image correlation, Materials science, Polymers and Plastics, Tension (physics), Bar (music), Organic Chemistry, Hopkinson bars, [SPI.MECA]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph], Optical field, Displacement (vector), Synchronization (alternating current), Stress (mechanics), Calibration, Composite material, Impact testing
Abstract: The present investigation aims at testing polymeric foam under impact loading using large diameter nylon Hopkinson bars and optical field measurements. Accurate average stress-strain relations can be obtained when soft large diameter polymeric pressure bars and the appropriate data processing are used. However, as there are generally no homogeneous strain and stress fields for polymeric foams, an optical field observation is needed. In contrast to quasi-static tests where the digital image correlation (DIC) measurement is commonly used, technical difficulties still remain for the reliable use of DIC under impact conditions. In this paper, an accurate synchronization method based on the displacement measurement of the end of pressure bars (calculated by a robust DIC algorithm) is preferred to conventional MCDL box time synchronization. Also, the bar end displacement measurement offers a complementary calibration method for the tension/strain conversion coefficient. Strain fields are obtained for tests on foam sample at impact velocities up to 20 m/s. The localized strain fields permit better understanding of the observed stress plateau from SHPB results. The relevance of the present method for establishing mechanical response of polymeric foam is then demonstrated.
Published: 2014

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