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1,174 results on '"Laboratoire d’Électrotechnique et d’Électronique de Puissance - ULR 2697 (L2EP)"'

1. Flexible Simulation of an Electric Vehicle to Estimate the Impact of Thermal Comfort on the Energy Consumption

Author

David Ramsey, Alain Bouscayrol, Loic Boulon, Anatole Desreveaux, Alexandre Vaudrey, Laboratoire d’Électrotechnique et d’Électronique de Puissance - ULR 2697 (L2EP), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL), L2EP - Équipe Commande, Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, Institut de Recherche sur l'Hydrogène, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières (UQTR), Université de Lille, Centrale Lille, Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, Junia HEI, Laboratoire d’Électrotechnique et d’Électronique de Puissance - ULR 2697 [L2EP], and Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières [UQTR]

Subjects
climatic conditions, HVAC system, cabin heating, energetic macroscopic representation, air conditioning, electric vehicle, flexible simulation, Automotive Engineering, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, Transportation, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, [SPI.MECA.GEME]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Mechanical engineering [physics.class-ph]
Abstract

International audience; The energy consumption of electric vehicles depends on the traction energy but also on the thermal comfort energy. Some studies lead to the estimation of this energy consumption from real measurements on different driving and climatic conditions. However, those results rely on a large number of vehicle tests, which is time consuming. Moreover, the impacts of the different subsystems cannot be differentiated in such global studies. A flexible simulation tool can help to analyze the impact of the different parts of a vehicle. This paper proposes a multi-physical parametrized model of an electric vehicle including the traction and comfort subsystems. A flexible model of a Renault Zoe is developed thanks to the energetic macroscopic representation. This model is validated by experimental tests of the real vehicle. Then, the impact of the HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning) subsystem is studied for different driving cycles and climatic conditions. In very cold conditions, the use of the HVAC subsystem represents an increase of up to 248% of the total energy consumption, compared to summer conditions.

Published
2022

2. Modeling and Minimization of the Parasitic Capacitances of Single-Layer Toroidal Inductors

Author

Florentin Salomez, Arnaud Videt, Nadir Idir, L2EP - Équipe Électronique de puissance (EP), Laboratoire d’Électrotechnique et d’Électronique de Puissance - ULR 2697 (L2EP), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL), Université de Lille, Centrale Lille, Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, Junia HEI, Laboratoire d’Électrotechnique et d’Électronique de Puissance - ULR 2697 [L2EP], and Laboratoire d'Électrotechnique et d'Électronique de Puissance (L2EP) - ULR 2697

Subjects
[SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], parasitic capacitance, Common-mode chokes, electromagnetic compatibility (EMC), equivalent parallel capacitance (EPC), inductor, modeling, Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Abstract

International audience; High-frequency power converters need electromagnetic interferences filters using common and differential mode chokes with low parasitic capacitance to comply with the electromagnetic compatibility standards. This article proposes a modeling method of this capacitance and ways to minimize it. The studied components are ring core inductors with magnetic materials considered as perfect conductors or with high permittivity, such as nanocrystalline material and most Mn-Zn ferrite materials. In comparison to other work in the literature, the proposed approach takes into account the curvature of the turn, in addition to the coating of the core and the insulation layer of the wire. The hypotheses, used in this article to simplify the real geometry, are compatible with two-dimensional (2-D) approaches to compute the parasitic interturns and turn–core capacitances. These capacitances are evaluated thanks to the 2-D finite element method. The obtained model allows accurate evaluation of the effect of turn–core space on the parasitic capacitance, and enables to reduce its value with a limited impact on the volume of the magnetic component.

Published
2022

3. Design Method of PCB Inductors for High-Frequency GaN Converters

Author

Nadir Idir, Ammar Chafi, Arnaud Videt, Hassan Maher, Institut Interdisciplinaire d'Innovation Technologique [Sherbrooke] (3IT), Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS), Laboratoire Nanotechnologies et Nanosystèmes [Sherbrooke] (LN2), Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS)-École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École supérieure de Chimie Physique Electronique de Lyon (CPE)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire d’Électrotechnique et d’Électronique de Puissance - ULR 2697 (L2EP), Centrale Lille-Haute Etude d'Ingénieurs-Université de Lille-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM), Laboratoire d'Électrotechnique et d'Électronique de Puissance (L2EP) - EA 2697, Laboratoire d’Électrotechnique et d’Électronique de Puissance - ULR 2697 [L2EP], Laboratoire Nanotechnologies et Nanosystèmes [Sherbrooke] [LN2], 265252|||Institut Interdisciplinaire d'Innovation Technologique [Sherbrooke] [3IT], Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Supérieure de Chimie Physique Électronique de Lyon (CPE)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon)

Subjects
Materials science, thermal issues, Hardware_PERFORMANCEANDRELIABILITY, 02 engineering and technology, Inductor, 7. Clean energy, law.invention, Switching time, GaN converters, Parasitic capacitance, Hardware_GENERAL, law, Hardware_INTEGRATEDCIRCUITS, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Electronic engineering, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, PCB inductor, Power density, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Flexible magnetic sheets, optimization of volume, 020208 electrical & electronic engineering, Transistor, Converters, [SPI.TRON]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electronics, Inductance, visual_art, Electronic component, visual_art.visual_art_medium
Abstract

International audience; The new power Gallium Nitride transistors allow to increase the operating frequency of converters to megahertz range, thanks to their low switching time that is of a few nanoseconds or less. This permits to reduce the values and the volume of the passive components, and enhance the power density of power converters. However, inductors needed for energy storage still take a large volume in converters compared with the others components, because of their weak energy density. Furthermore, high-frequency operation require low-losses magnetic materials. In this article, a design method of PCB inductors is proposed. A flexible ferrite sheet is used to enhance the inductance value and ease the realization of custom-shape devices. The design method of the inductor is based on the optimization of the inductor volume taking into account thermal issues of the magnetic sheets. Also a simulation method is proposed to calculate the equivalent stray capacitance of the inductors. The proposed method provides a losses volume tradeoff that helps designers to optimize the inductor for their application.

Published
2021

4. Closed loop control of vibration field transient: Application to wave focusing

Author

Anis Kaci, Christophe Giraud-Audine, Frédéric Giraud, Betty Lemaire-Semail, Michel Amberg, Laboratoire d’Électrotechnique et d’Électronique de Puissance - ULR 2697 (L2EP), Centrale Lille-Haute Etude d'Ingénieurs-Université de Lille-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL), Laboratoire d'Électrotechnique et d'Électronique de Puissance (L2EP) - ULR 2697, and Laboratoire d’Électrotechnique et d’Électronique de Puissance - ULR 2697 [L2EP]

Subjects
Modal decomposition, 0209 industrial biotechnology, Field (physics), Phase (waves), Aerospace Engineering, 02 engineering and technology, Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR), Modulated–demodulated control (vector control), Multimodal vibration control, Focusing, Modal filter, Piezoelectric transducer, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], 020901 industrial engineering & automation, Control theory, Demodulation, Civil and Structural Engineering, Physics, Mechanical Engineering, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Computer Science Applications, Vibration, Amplitude, Control and Systems Engineering, Modulation, Signal Processing, Vector field, Transient (oscillation), 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

Dans cet article, plusieurs modes sont contrôlés simultanément en phase et en amplitude sur un dispositif à retour haptique. Pour cela, un contrôle par modulation/démodulation combiné à du filtrage spatial/fréquentiel est développé. Il est ensuite appliqué pour produire un champ de vitesse prédéfini à la fois dans l’espace et dans le temps sur une plaque. Les résultats expérimentaux montrent un bon accord avec la théorie. In this article, several modes are controlled simultaneously both in phase and amplitude on an haptic display. To achieve this, modulation/demodulation control combined with mixed spatial/frequency filters is developed. It is then applied to produce a predefined velocity field both in space and time on a plate. The experimental results show good agreement with theory. 167

Published
2022

5. Mechanisms of Friction Reduction in Longitudinal Ultrasonic Surface Haptic Devices With Non-Collinear Vibrations and Finger Displacement

Author

Diana Angelica Torres, Eric Vezzoli, Betty Lemaire-Semail, Michael Adams, Christophe Giraud-Audine, Frederic Giraud, Michel Amberg, Laboratoire d’Électrotechnique et d’Électronique de Puissance - ULR 2697 (L2EP), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL), Université de Lille, Centrale Lille, Arts et Métiers Paris Tech, HEI, Laboratoire d'Électrotechnique et d'Électronique de Puissance (L2EP) - ULR 2697, and Laboratoire d’Électrotechnique et d’Électronique de Puissance - ULR 2697 [L2EP]

Subjects
[SPI.ACOU]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Acoustics [physics.class-ph], integumentary system, Friction, occlusion, Surface Haptics, Vibration, Computer Science Applications, body regions, Human-Computer Interaction, Fingers, Ultrasonic, Longitudinal, contact mechanics, human skin, tribology, Haptic Interfaces, Humans, Ultrasonics
Abstract

International audience; Friction reduction using ultrasonic longitudinal surface vibration can modify the user perception of the touched surface and induce the perception of textured materials. In the current paper, the mechanisms of friction reduction using longitudinal vibration are analyzed at different finger exploration velocities and directions over a plate. The development of a non-Coulombic adhesion theory based on experimental results is evaluated as a possible explanation for friction reduction with vibrations that are non-collinear with the finger displacement. Comparison with experimental data shows that the model adequately describes the reduction in friction, although it is less accurate for low finger velocities and depends on motion direction.

Published
2022

6. Control of an Ultrasonic Haptic Interface for Button Simulation

Author

Garcia, P. (Pierre), Giraud, F. (Frédéric), Semail, B. (Betty), Rupin, M. (Matthieu), Kaci, A. (Anis), Laboratoire d’Électrotechnique et d’Électronique de Puissance - ULR 2697 (L2EP), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL), HAP2U (HAP2U), Université de Lille, Centrale Lille, Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, Junia HEI, Laboratoire d’Électrotechnique et d’Électronique de Puissance - ULR 2697 [L2EP], HAP2U [HAP2U], and Laboratoire d'Électrotechnique et d'Électronique de Puissance (L2EP) - ULR 2697

Subjects
[SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Tactile, Metals and Alloys, Haptic, Piezoelectric, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Condensed Matter Physics, Instrumentation, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Abstract

International audience; This work presents the control of a piezoelectric interface that combines two vibration modes of a plate to render the haptic feeling of a button click. By principle, the two vibration modes create an elliptical motion of particles of a beam that can induce a lateral force to the fingerpulp. In this device, the synchronization of the modes’ vibrations is essential, and can be obtained with a closed loop control. In the paper, we present the control in the (d,q) frame, because it can ensure the dynamic performances to achieve a compelling haptic feedback, yet being robust besides the external disturbances produced by the user’s finger. The proposed method could achieve a 2 ms response time, and the haptic feedback was perceived by 100% of users in a psychophysical study.

Published
2022

7. Calculation of the GHG emissions of a European research project on electrified vehicles

Author

Amandine Lepoutre, Alain Bouscayrol, Cristi Irimia, Calin Husar, Theodoros Kalogiannis, Mariam Ahmed, Claudia Martis, Dragan Zuber, Damien Phetsinorath, Fei Gao, Wieteke Van Balen, Adrian Birtas, Johan Lecoutere, Laboratoire d’Électrotechnique et d’Électronique de Puissance - ULR 2697 (L2EP), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL), Siemens Industry Software S.r.l., Vrije Universiteit Brussel [Bruxelles] (VUB), Valeo Equipements Electriques Moteur (VALEO PES Company), Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, TÜV SÜD, Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM), RENAULT, European Project: 824256,H2020,H2020-LC-GV-2018,PANDA(2019), Université de Lille, Centrale Lille, Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, Junia HEI, Laboratoire d’Électrotechnique et d’Électronique de Puissance - ULR 2697 [L2EP], Vrije Universiteit Brussel [Bruxelles] [VUB], Valeo Equipements Electriques Moteur [VALEO PES Company], Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard [UTBM], Electrical Engineering and Power Electronics, and Electromobility research centre

Subjects
[SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], research, greenhouse gases emissions, Assessment method
Abstract

International audience; Carbon assessment is beginning to be widely used in research. It is used to quantify the amount of Greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions of an activity and even tend to be part of the indicators that serve to evaluate labs. Databases and tools are available. Methods as well but they have to be adapted to each case, depending on the activities of the organization or company to be studied and the way people in charge want to build their assessment. This article aims at proposing a method for the assessment of GHG emissions of research projects. Being organized around the different activities within a research project, this method takes into account all aspects of the project. It allows a good picture and analysis of GHG emissions linked to a project.

Published
2022
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8. Numerical Simulation-Based Investigation of the Limits of Different Quasistatic Models

Author

J.-P. Ducreux, Zuqi Tang, Florentin Salomez, Yvonnick Le Menach, Houssein Taha, Thomas Henneron, Laboratoire d’Électrotechnique et d’Électronique de Puissance - ULR 2697 (L2EP), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL), Université de Lille, Centrale Lille, Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, Junia HEI, Laboratoire d’Électrotechnique et d’Électronique de Puissance - ULR 2697 [L2EP], and Laboratoire d'Électrotechnique et d'Électronique de Puissance (L2EP) - ULR 2697

Subjects
Electromagnetic field, Technology, QH301-705.5, QC1-999, Capacitive sensing, inductive effects, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], General Materials Science, electromagnetic, finite-element method, quasistatic models, resistive, capacitive, Biology (General), QD1-999, Instrumentation, Electrical impedance, Local field, Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes, Physics, Computer simulation, Process Chemistry and Technology, General Engineering, Mechanics, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), Computer Science Applications, Power (physics), Chemistry, Darwin (ADL), TA1-2040, Quasistatic process
Abstract

International audience; The modeling of the capacitive phenomena, including the inductive effects becomes critical, especially in the case of a power converter with high switching frequencies, supplying an electrical device. At a low frequency, the electro-quasistatic (EQS) model is widely used to study the coupled resistive-capacitive effects, while the magneto-quasistatic (MQS) model is used to describe the coupled resistive-inductive effects. When the frequency increases, the Darwin model is preferred, which is able to capture the coupled resistive-capacitive-inductive effects by neglecting the radiation effects. In this work, we are interested in specifying the limits of these models, by investigating the influence of the frequency on the electromagnetic field distributions and the impedance of electromagnetic devices. Two different examples are carried out. For the first one, to validate the Darwin model, the measurement results are provided for comparison with the simulation results, which shows a good agreement. For the second one, the simulation results from three different models are compared, for both the local field distributions and the global impedances. It is shown that the EQS model can be used as an indicator to know at which frequency the Darwin model should be applied.

Published
2021

9. Full Power Constraints HiL Setup for Battery Module Testing in Electric Vehicles

Author

Ronan German, Florian Tournez, Anatole Desreveaux, Alain Bouscayrol, Calin Husar, Marius Ciocan, Adrien Genic, Dragan Zuber, Laboratoire d’Électrotechnique et d’Électronique de Puissance - ULR 2697 (L2EP), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL), Siemens Industry Software S.r.l., European Project: 824256,H2020,H2020-LC-GV-2018,PANDA(2019), Université de Lille, Centrale Lille, Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, Junia HEI, and Laboratoire d’Électrotechnique et d’Électronique de Puissance - ULR 2697 [L2EP]

Subjects
Hardware-in-the-Loop, [SPI.NRJ]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electric power, electric vehicle, Li-ion batteries, Battery testing
Abstract

International audience; The aim of this paper is to validate the compliance between an EV and a battery with a reference driving cycle. The Hardware in the Loop methodology is used. It is based on the interactions between the different EV subsystems. In this paper, a 35 kWh battery pack is studied. A 5 kWh module from this pack is tested with the same power constraints when used in the real EV. The developed power Hardware-in-the-Loop (HiL) test bench is composed of a model of the traction chain and a controllable current source. A driving velocity cycle is used as an input. The HiL test is achieved at full power scale for a module. It is shown that the tested battery could be used in the studied EV as the limits of the battery operation are not crossed for a WLTC velocity cycle.

Published
2021

10. Comparisons of GHG emissions of on-site working and teleworking:case study of a research group

Author

Bouscayrol, Alain, Lepoutre, Amandine, Castex, Elodie, Université de Lille, Centrale Lille, Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, Junia HEI, Laboratoire d’Électrotechnique et d’Électronique de Puissance - ULR 2697 [L2EP], Territoires, Villes, Environnement & Société - ULR 4477 [TVES], Laboratoire d’Électrotechnique et d’Électronique de Puissance - ULR 2697 (L2EP), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL), Territoires, Villes, Environnement & Société - ULR 4477 (TVES), Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille, and European Project: 824256,H2020,H2020-LC-GV-2018,PANDA(2019)

Subjects
[SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Teleworking, co mmuting trips, Green House Gases emissions
Abstract

International audience; The commuting home-work trips is an important contributor of the Greenhouses Gases (GHG) emissions of cities. In the campus “cité scientifique” of University of Lille, the commuting trips represent more than 50% of the total GHG emission. But during the pandemic, working at home change lead to significantly reduce these daily trips. At first sight, teleworking seems a valuable mean to cut these emissions by working at home and avoiding home-work trips. However, it requires new tools, such as videoconference, which also lead to indirect GHG emissions. In this paper, the GHG of a small research group on electro-mobility has been analyzed before and during the lockdown. From this case study, the GHG benefit depends on the daily commuting distance and the transport mean. For example, a person with 10-km daily trip using subway will increase its GHG emission by teleworking.

Published
2021

11. Confidence Level Optimization of DG Piecewise Affine Controllers in Distribution Grids

Author

Xavier Guillaud, Frederic Colas, Jean-Yves Dieulot, Jerome Buire, Leticia De Alvaro, Laboratoire d’Électrotechnique et d’Électronique de Puissance - ULR 2697 [L2EP], L2EP - Équipe Réseaux, Laboratoire d'Électrotechnique et d'Électronique de Puissance (L2EP) - ULR 2697, Méthodes et Outils pour la Conception Intégrée de Systèmes [MOCIS], Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille - UMR 9189 [CRIStAL], Laboratoire d’Électrotechnique et d’Électronique de Puissance - ULR 2697 (L2EP), Centrale Lille-Haute Etude d'Ingénieurs-Université de Lille-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM), HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)-Centrale Lille-Haute Etude d'Ingénieurs-Université de Lille-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, Méthodes et Outils pour la Conception Intégrée de Systèmes (MOCIS), Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille - UMR 9189 (CRIStAL), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ENEDIS, Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL), and Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies

Subjects
0209 industrial biotechnology, Optimization problem, General Computer Science, Computer science, Energie électrique [Sciences de l'ingénieur], 020209 energy, Gaussian, Probability density function, 02 engineering and technology, [SPI.AUTO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Automatic, Normal distribution, symbols.namesake, 020901 industrial engineering & automation, Control theory, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, piecewise affine controller, distribution network, Piecewise affine controller, Control tuning, Stochastic process, AC power, Grid, Distribution network, Stochastic power flow, stochastic power flow, Confidence level optimization, symbols, control tuning, Node (circuits)
Abstract

International audience; Distributed generators (DGs) reactive powers are controlled to mitigate voltage overshoots in distribution grids with stochastic power production and consumption. Classical DGs controllers may embed piecewise affine laws with dead-band terms. Their settings are usually tuned using a decentralized method which uses local data and optimizes only the DG node behavior. It is shown that when short-term forecasts of stochastic powers are Gaussian and the grid model is assumed to be linear, nodes voltages can either be approximated by Gaussian or sums of truncated Gaussian variables. In the latter case, the voltages probability density functions (pdf) that are needed to compute the overvoltage risks or DG control effort are less straightforward than for normal distributions. These pdf are used into a centralized optimization problem which tunes all DGs control parameters. The objectives consist in maximizing the confidence levels for which voltages and powers remain in prescribed domains and minimizing voltage variances and DG efforts. Simulations on a real distribution grid model show that the truncated Gaussian representation is relevant and that control parameters can easily be updated even when extra DGs are added to the grid. The DG reactive power can be reduced down to 50% or node voltages variances can be reduced down to 30%.

Published
2019

12. Exploitation of independent stator and rotor geometrical periodicities in electrical machines using the Schur complement

Author

Féderic Guyomarch, Thomas Henneron, Stephane Clenet, Moustafa Al Eit, Laboratoire d’Électrotechnique et d’Électronique de Puissance - ULR 2697 (L2EP), Centrale Lille-Haute Etude d'Ingénieurs-Université de Lille-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM), Project CPER/C2EI funded by The Hauts de France Region, the European Union and the French State, Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL), and Laboratoire d’Électrotechnique et d’Électronique de Puissance - ULR 2697 [L2EP]

Subjects
Computer science, Stator, Mechanical Engineering, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Mechanics of Materials, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Condensed Matter Physics, Schur complement, Geometrical periodicity, Discrete Fourier transform, Buried permanent magnet machines, Rotating electrical machines, Model Order Reduction, 02 engineering and technology, Sciences de l'ingénieur, Topology, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Reduction (complexity), [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], law, 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, 010302 applied physics, Model order reduction, Basis (linear algebra), Rotor (electric), 020208 electrical & electronic engineering, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Change of basis
Abstract

In this paper we present a-priori model reduction technique that enables to take full advantage of the periodicity existing in the stator and rotor geometrical structures of electrical machines in order to reduce the computational time. Firstly, a change of basis is performed by applying two distinct discrete Fourier transformations on the stator and rotor periodic structures independently. Secondly, the Schur complement is introduced in the new spectral basis, to allow a parallel solving of the resulting block-diagonal matrix systems. Moreover, the using of a matrix-free Krylov method based on the conjugate gradient solver has verified an efficient solving of the equation system associated to the stator-rotor interface. Furthermore, in the peculiar case of balanced supply conditions, a model order reduction can be carried out by considering only the dominant discrete Fourier transform components. This model reduction approach is applied on a buried permanent magnet machine and has successfully shown its efficiency under balanced and unbalanced conditions. Project CPER/C2EI funded by The Hauts de France Region, the European Union and the French State

Published
2019

13. Mesh Deformation Based on Radial Basis Function Interpolation Applied to Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Problem

Author

Stephane Clenet, Antoine Pierquin, Thomas Henneron, L2EP - Équipe Outils et Méthodes Numériques (OMN), Laboratoire d’Électrotechnique et d’Électronique de Puissance - ULR 2697 (L2EP), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL), Centrale Lille-Haute Etude d'Ingénieurs-Université de Lille-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)-Centrale Lille-Haute Etude d'Ingénieurs-Université de Lille-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM), Laboratoire d’Électrotechnique et d’Électronique de Puissance - ULR 2697 [L2EP], and L2EP - Équipe Outils et Méthodes Numériques [OMN]

Subjects
Radial Basis Function, Electromagnetics, low frequency electromagnetism, Discretization, Computer science, finite element method, Conformal map, Sciences de l'ingénieur, mesh deformation, 01 natural sciences, Displacement (vector), [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Nondestructive testing, 0103 physical sciences, Radial basis function, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 010302 applied physics, business.industry, Mathematical analysis, frequency electromagnetism, Finite element method, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, [SPI.ELEC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electromagnetism, business, Interpolation
Abstract

International audience; In order to take into account a modification of the geometry during an optimization process or due to a physical phenomenon, a deformation of the elements of the spatial discretization is preferable to conserve a conformal mesh and to apply the Finite Element (FE) method. To perform the displacement of nodes, interpolation method can be investigated in this context. In this paper, the Radial Basis Function (RBF) interpolation method is applied for low frequency electromagnetic problems solved by the FE method. A 2D magnetostatic example is considered to study the influence of the parameters of the RBF interpolation. To test the extension in 3D, a non destructive testing (NDT) problem is treated where the shape of the crack is modified by applying the proposed method.

Published
2019

14. Vector Controlled Ultrasonic Transducer Applied to Soft Material Mechanical Impedance Estimation

Author

Elis Marina Sales de Castro, Michel Amberg, Betty Lemaire-Semail, Frédéric Giraud, Laboratoire d’Électrotechnique et d’Électronique de Puissance - ULR 2697 (L2EP), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL), European Project: 811965,H2020,H2020-MSCA-ITN-2018,STINTS(2019), Université de Lille, Centrale Lille, Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, Junia HEI, Laboratoire d'Électrotechnique et d'Électronique de Puissance (L2EP) - ULR 2697, and Laboratoire d’Électrotechnique et d’Électronique de Puissance - ULR 2697 [L2EP]

Subjects
Materials science, Langevin Transducer, Low-Frequency Ultrasound, Mechanical Impedance, Skin Phantom, Vector Control, integumentary system, Acoustics, Mechanical impedance, In vivo analysis, Silicone rubber, Rotating reference frame, equipment and supplies, Imaging phantom, Vibration, chemistry.chemical_compound, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Transducer, chemistry, Ultrasonic sensor
Abstract

International audience; The study of skin mechanical impedance is a clue to analyse its health. We use a Langevin Transducer at 60kHz to excite the skin. In return we observe the acoustic forces generated by the interaction. To achieve that, the system is identified and presented in the rotating reference frame, and we describe the design of two PI controllers that accurately control the vibration velocity. However, in vivo analysis can be tricky when it comes to safety and duration of tests. Thus, phantom tissues are used as substitute to simulate skin behaviour. Due to its mechanical properties similar to skin, and its simple manipulation, Dragon Skin ®, a silicone rubber type of phantom, was chosen. The paper presents the characterisation of the mechanical impedance of three silicon phantoms with different properties based on force observation. The results show that the phantoms can be indeed identified based on this method.

Published
2021

15. A novel Sensorless Control Strategy Based on Sliding Mode Observer for Non-Sinusoidal Seven-phase PMSM

Author

Ngac Ky Nguyen, Youssouf Mini, Eric Semail, Laboratoire d'Électrotechnique et d'Électronique de Puissance (L2EP) - ULR 2697, Laboratoire d’Électrotechnique et d’Électronique de Puissance - ULR 2697 [L2EP], Laboratoire d’Électrotechnique et d’Électronique de Puissance - ULR 2697 (L2EP), Centrale Lille-Haute Etude d'Ingénieurs-Université de Lille-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM), This work has been achieved within the framework of CE2I project. CE2I is co-financed by European Union with the financial support of European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), French State and the French Region of Hauts-de-France., Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-JUNIA (JUNIA), and Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL)

Subjects
Observer (quantum physics), Computer science, Non-sinusoidal waveform, Control (management), Electrical integrated drives, European Regional Development Fund, Mode (statistics), Phase (waves), Sensorless control, Sciences de l'ingénieur, 7. Clean energy, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Sliding Mode Observer, Control theory, media_common.cataloged_instance, European union, Back-EMF observer, seven-phase Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine (PMSM), media_common
Abstract

This paper proposes a new sensorless control strategy based on a Sliding Mode Observer (SMO) for a non-sinusoidal seven phase PMSMs. This strategy, based on all harmonics contained in the back-EMF, is compared to the classical sensorless control strategy using only the fundamental of back-EMF signal. As the novel sensorless control strategy estimate the rotor position by using different harmonics, it can lead to a good torque response compared to the classical strategy, specially in transient states. Therefore, in order to define the appropriate sensorless control strategy for the non-sinusoidal seven-phase PMSM, each sensorless control strategy will be highlighted in terms of robustness to the speed variation and torque ripple. Simulation results will be shown to verify the feasibility of the proposed methods. This work has been achieved within the framework of CE2I project. CE2I is co-financed by European Union with the financial support of European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), French State and the French Region of Hauts-de-France.

Published
2020

16. Branch and Bound Algorithm Based on Prediction Error of Metamodel for Computational Electromagnetics

Author

Reda El Bechari, Jean-Claude Mipo, Stephane Brisset, Frédéric Guyomarc'h, Stephane Clenet, Laboratoire d’Électrotechnique et d’Électronique de Puissance - ULR 2697 (L2EP), Centrale Lille-Haute Etude d'Ingénieurs-Université de Lille-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM), L2EP - Équipe Outils et Méthodes Numériques (OMN), HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)-Centrale Lille-Haute Etude d'Ingénieurs-Université de Lille-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, Valeo Equipements Electriques Moteur (VALEO PES Company), Université de Lille, Centrale Lille, Arts et Métiers Paris Tech, HEI, L2EP - Équipe Outils et Méthodes Numériques [OMN], Laboratoire d’Électrotechnique et d’Électronique de Puissance - ULR 2697 [L2EP], Valeo Equipements Electriques Moteur [VALEO PES Company], Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL), and Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies

Subjects
Mathematical optimization, TEAM Workshop problems, Control and Optimization, Computer science, Mean squared prediction error, finite element method, 0211 other engineering and technologies, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, lcsh:Technology, Reduction (complexity), [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Software_SOFTWAREENGINEERING, Computer Science::Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science, 0103 physical sciences, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Engineering (miscellaneous), Protocol (object-oriented programming), 021106 design practice & management, 010302 applied physics, metamodel, Branch and bound, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, lcsh:T, Computer Science::Software Engineering, Finite element method, Statistics::Computation, Metamodeling, electromagnetic, Computational electromagnetics, optimization methods, [INFO.INFO-DC]Computer Science [cs]/Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing [cs.DC], [MATH.MATH-NA]Mathematics [math]/Numerical Analysis [math.NA], Energy (miscellaneous)
Abstract

Metamodels proved to be a very efficient strategy for optimizing expensive black-box models, e.g., Finite Element simulation for electromagnetic devices. It enables the reduction of the computational burden for optimization purposes. However, the conventional approach of using metamodels presents limitations such as the cost of metamodel fitting and infill criteria problem solving. This paper proposes a new algorithm that combines metamodels with a branch and bound (B&amp, B) strategy. However, the efficiency of the B&amp, B algorithm relies on the estimation of the bounds, therefore, we investigated the prediction error given by metamodels to predict the bounds. This combination leads to high fidelity global solutions. We propose a comparison protocol to assess the approach&rsquo, s performances with respect to those of other algorithms of different categories. Then, two electromagnetic optimization benchmarks are treated. This paper gives practical insights into algorithms that can be used when optimizing electromagnetic devices.

Published
2020

17. The Adjoint Variable Method for Computational Electromagnetics

Author

El Bechari, R. (Reda), Guyomarch, F. (Frédéric), Brisset, S. (Stephane), Laboratoire d’Électrotechnique et d’Électronique de Puissance - ULR 2697 (L2EP), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL), Université de Lille, Centrale Lille, Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, Junia HEI, Laboratoire d'Électrotechnique et d'Électronique de Puissance (L2EP) - ULR 2697, Laboratoire d’Électrotechnique et d’Électronique de Puissance - ULR 2697 [L2EP], and L2EP - Équipe Outils et Méthodes Numériques [OMN]

Subjects
adjoint variable method, electromagnetic modeling, parametric optimization, topology optimization, General Mathematics, Computer Science (miscellaneous), [INFO.INFO-DC]Computer Science [cs]/Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing [cs.DC], Engineering (miscellaneous), [MATH.MATH-NA]Mathematics [math]/Numerical Analysis [math.NA]
Abstract

International audience; Optimization using finite element analysis and the adjoint variable method to solve engineering problems appears in various application areas. However, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, there is a lack of detailed explanation on the implementation of the adjoint variable method in the context of electromagnetic modeling. This paper aimed to provide a detailed explanation of the method in the simplest possible general framework. Then, an extended explanation is offered in the context of electromagnetism. A discrete design methodology based on adjoint variables for magnetostatics was formulated, implemented, and verified. This comprehensive methodology supports both linear and nonlinear problems. The framework provides a general approach for performing a very efficient and discretely consistent sensitivity analysis for problems involving geometric and physical variables or any combination of the two. The accuracy of the implementation is demonstrated by independent verification based on an analytical test case and using the finite-difference method. The methodology was used to optimize the parameters of a superconducting energy storage device and a magnet press and the optimization of the topology of an electromagnet. The objective function of each problem was successfully decreased, and all constraints stipulated were met.

Published
2022

18. Inverter Fault Diagnosis of an Electrical Series-Connected Two Sinusoidal Six-Phase Permanent Magnet Machines Drive

Author

Jose dos Santos Moraes, Tiago, Trabelsi, Mohamed, Nguyen, N.K., Semail, Eric, Meinguet, Fabien, Laboratoire d’Électrotechnique et d’Électronique de Puissance - ULR 2697 [L2EP], Laboratoire d'Électrotechnique et d'Électronique de Puissance (L2EP) - ULR 2697, Thales Alenia Space [Toulouse] [TAS], Laboratoire d’Électrotechnique et d’Électronique de Puissance - ULR 2697 (L2EP), Centrale Lille-Haute Etude d'Ingénieurs-Université de Lille-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM), Thales Alenia Space (TAS), THALES, Projet CE2I, Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL), Thales Alenia Space [Toulouse] (TAS), and THALES [France]

Subjects
Fault Detection Identification, Energie électrique [Sciences de l'ingénieur], [SPI.NRJ]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electric power, Six-Phase Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines (PMSM)
Abstract

International audience; This paper investigates a real-time fault diagnostic of a transportation system which needs two drives with fault-tolerance capabilities. Because of constraints on the mass of the system and on the cost of the Voltage Source Inverter (VSI), a drive with two Six-Phase Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines (PMSM) in series-connection supplied by two six-leg inverters is chosen. Despite the serial -connection, independent control of the two machines and fault –tolerance to open-switch fault is ensured. Nevertheless, a Fault Detection Identification (FDI) process is required for analysis and/or control reconfiguration. The proposed FDI is based on the combination of different criteria obtained from the two zero-sequence currents and from the normalized currents mapped into two frames defined by the Concordia Transformation. Results obtained from simulation and experimental tests show the effectiveness of the proposal.

Published
2020

19. Power System Nonlinear Modal Analysis Using Computationally Reduced Normal Form Method

Author

Bogdan Marinescu, Xavier Kestelyn, Nnaemeka Sunday Ugwuanyi, Olivier Thomas, Laboratoire d’Électrotechnique et d’Électronique de Puissance - ULR 2697 (L2EP), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL), École Centrale de Nantes (ECN), Laboratoire des Sciences du Numérique de Nantes (LS2N), Laboratoire des Sciences du Numériques de Nantes (LS2N), Dynamics of Smart Grids (LS2N - équipe DSG), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Laboratoire d’Ingénierie des Systèmes Physiques et Numériques (LISPEN), Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM), Laboratoire d’Électrotechnique et d’Électronique de Puissance - ULR 2697 [L2EP], École Centrale de Nantes [ECN], Dynamics of Smart Grids [LS2N - équipe DSG], Laboratoire d’Ingénierie des Systèmes Physiques et Numériques [LISPEN], Centrale Lille-Haute Etude d'Ingénieurs-Université de Lille-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM), Dynamics of Smart Grids (DSG), IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), and Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
damping oscillatory modes, 0209 industrial biotechnology, transient stability, Control and Optimization, Computer science, 020209 energy, Reduced normal form, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, 02 engineering and technology, Sciences de l'ingénieur, lcsh:Technology, Reduction (complexity), Electric power system, modal interaction, 020901 industrial engineering & automation, reduced normal form, Synchronous generator/motor, SHVDC, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Engineering (miscellaneous), Series (mathematics), lcsh:T, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Synchronverter, [SPI.NRJ]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electric power, Nonlinear modal analysis, nonlinear modal analysis, power system analysis, Grid, Nonlinear system, Modal, Power system analysis, Algorithm, Modal interaction, Energy (miscellaneous)
Abstract

Increasing nonlinearity in today&rsquo, s grid challenges the conventional small-signal (modal) analysis (SSA) tools. For instance, the interactions among modes, which are not captured by SSA, may play significant roles in a stressed power system. Consequently, alternative nonlinear modal analysis tools, notably Normal Form (NF) and Modal Series (MS) methods are being explored. However, they are computation-intensive due to numerous polynomial coefficients required. This paper proposes a fast NF technique for power system modal interaction investigation, which uses characteristics of system modes to carefully select relevant terms to be considered in the analysis. The Coefficients related to these terms are selectively computed and the resulting approximate model is computationally reduced compared to the one in which all the coefficients are computed. This leads to a very rapid nonlinear modal analysis of the power systems. The reduced model is used to study interactions of modes in a two-area power system where the tested scenarios give same results as the full model, with about 70% reduction in computation time.

Published
2020
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20. Investigating the semantic perceptual space of synthetic textures on an ultrasonic based haptic tablet

Author

Frédéric Giraud, Patricia Plénacoste, Florent Berthaut, Maxime Dariosecq, Anis Kaci, Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille - UMR 9189 (CRIStAL), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Informatique Fondamentale de Lille (LIFL), Université de Lille, Sciences et Technologies-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lille, Sciences Humaines et Sociales-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d’Électrotechnique et d’Électronique de Puissance - ULR 2697 (L2EP), Centrale Lille-Haute Etude d'Ingénieurs-Université de Lille-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM), Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille - UMR 9189 [CRIStAL], Laboratoire d'Informatique Fondamentale de Lille [LIFL], Laboratoire d’Électrotechnique et d’Électronique de Puissance - ULR 2697 [L2EP], Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-JUNIA (JUNIA), and Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL)

Subjects
Tactile device, Ultrasonic vibrations, Computer science, media_common.quotation_subject, ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION, 02 engineering and technology, Space (commercial competition), Texture (music), Texture rendering, Haptic feedback, Perceptual space, Material perception, 020204 information systems, Perception, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Computer vision, [INFO.INFO-HC]Computer Science [cs]/Human-Computer Interaction [cs.HC], 050107 human factors, media_common, Haptic technology, ComputingMethodologies_COMPUTERGRAPHICS, Smoothness, Continuum (topology), business.industry, 05 social sciences, Card sorting, Ultrasonic sensor, Artificial intelligence, business
Abstract

International audience; This paper aims to investigate the semantic perceptual space of synthetic tactile textures rendered via an ultrasonic based haptic tablet and the parameters influencing this space. Through a closed card sorting task, 30 participants had to explore 32 tactile-only textures and describe each texture using adjectives. A factorial analysis of mixed data was conducted. Results suggest a 2 dimensional space with tactile textures belonging to a continuum of rough to smooth adjectives. Influence of waveform and amplitude is shown to play an important role in perceiving a texture as smooth or rough, and spatial period is a possible modulator of different degrees of roughness or smoothness. Finally, we discuss how these findings can be used by designers on tactile feedback devices.

Published
2020

21. Accurate Measurement of Dynamic ON-state Resistances of GaN Devices under Reverse and Forward Conduction in High Frequency Power Converter

Author

Ke Li, Christopher Mark Johnson, Nadir Idir, Paul Evans, Arnaud Videt, Laboratoire d'Électrotechnique et d'Électronique de Puissance (L2EP) - EA 2697, Coventry University, Laboratoire d’Électrotechnique et d’Électronique de Puissance - ULR 2697 [L2EP], 407023|||University of Nottingham, UK [UON], Laboratoire d’Électrotechnique et d’Électronique de Puissance - ULR 2697 (L2EP), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL), and University of Nottingham, UK (UON)

Subjects
soft switching, 02 engineering and technology, GaN transistor, Dynamic ON-state resistance, High switching frequency, Reverse conduction, Forward conduction, Soft switching, law.invention, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], law, MOSFET, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Sensitivity (control systems), Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Physics, high switching frequency, business.industry, 020208 electrical & electronic engineering, Transistor, Order (ring theory), reverse conduction, Converters, forward conduction, Power (physics), Dynamic on-state resistance, Parasitic element, GaN transistor, Optoelectronics, Constant current, business
Abstract

Because of trapped charges in GaN transistor structure, device dynamic on -state resistance $R_\mathrm{DSon}$ is increased when it is operated in high frequency switched power converters, in which device is possibly operated by zero voltage switching (ZVS) to reduce its turn- on switching losses. When GaN transistor finishes ZVS during one switching period, device has been operated under both reverse and forward conduction. Therefore its dynamic $R_\mathrm{DSon}$ under both conduction modes needs to be carefully measured to understand device power losses. For this reason, a measurement circuit with simple structure and fast dynamic response is proposed to characterize device reverse and forward $R_\mathrm{DSon}$ . In order to improve measurement sensitivity when device switches at high frequency, a trapezoidal current mode is proposed to measure device $R_\mathrm{DSon}$ under almost constant current, which resolves measurement sensitivity issues caused by unavoidable measurement circuit parasitic inductance and measurement probes deskew in conventional device characterization method by triangle current mode. Proposed measurement circuit and measurement method is then validated by first characterizing a SiC- mosfet with constant $R_\mathrm{DSon}$ . Then, the comparison on GaN-HEMT dynamic $R_\mathrm{DSon}$ measurement results demonstrates the improved accuracy of proposed trapezoidal current mode over conventional triangle current mode when device switches at 1 MHz.

Published
2020

22. A New Fast Track to Nonlinear Modal Analysis of Power System Using Normal Form

Author

Xavier Kestelyn, Olivier Thomas, Bogdan Marinescu, Nnaemeka Sunday Ugwuanyi, Arturo Roman Messina, Laboratoire d'Électrotechnique et d'Électronique de Puissance (L2EP) - ULR 2697, Laboratoire d’Électrotechnique et d’Électronique de Puissance - ULR 2697 [L2EP], Laboratoire d’Ingénierie des Systèmes Physiques et Numériques [LISPEN], Laboratoire des Sciences du Numérique de Nantes [LS2N], Universidad de Guadalajara, Laboratoire d’Électrotechnique et d’Électronique de Puissance - ULR 2697 (L2EP), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL), Laboratoire d’Ingénierie des Systèmes Physiques et Numériques (LISPEN), Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM), Laboratoire des Sciences du Numérique de Nantes (LS2N), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), This work was supported by TETfund, Nigeria, Centrale Lille-Haute Etude d'Ingénieurs-Université de Lille-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM), IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), and Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Hessian matrix, Basis (linear algebra), Computer science, 020209 energy, Numerical analysis, Modal analysis, Normal Form coefficients, Power system dynamics, Reduced computation, Selective nonlinear analysis, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, 02 engineering and technology, Sciences de l'ingénieur, symbols.namesake, Nonlinear system, Electric power system, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Modal, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, symbols, Taylor series, Applied mathematics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Eigenvalues and eigenvectors
Abstract

The inclusion of higher-order terms in small-signal (modal) analysis augments the information provided by linear analysis and enables better dynamic characteristic studies on the power system. This can be done by applying Normal Form theory to simplify the higher order terms. However, it requires the preliminary expansion of the nonlinear system on the normal mode basis, which is impracticable with standard methods when considering large scale systems. In this paper, we present an efficient numerical method for accelerating those computations, by avoiding the usual Taylor expansion. Our computations are based on prescribing the linear eigenvectors as unknown field in the initial nonlinear system, which leads to solving linear-only equations to obtain the coefficients of the nonlinear modal model. In this way, actual Taylor expansion and associated higher order Hessian matrices are avoided, making the computation of the nonlinear model up to third order and nonlinear modal analysis fast and achievable in a convenient computational time. The proposed method is demonstrated on a single-machine-infinite-bus (SMIB) system and applied to IEEE 3-Machine, IEEE 16- Machine and IEEE 50-Machine systems. This work was supported by TETfund, Nigeria

Published
2020

23. 3D Numerical Modelling of Claw-pole Alternators with its Electrical Environment

Author

Francis Piriou, G. Caron, J. C. Mipo, Pierre Faverolle, Thomas Henneron, L2EP - Équipe Outils et Méthodes Numériques (OMN), Laboratoire d’Électrotechnique et d’Électronique de Puissance - ULR 2697 (L2EP), Centrale Lille-Haute Etude d'Ingénieurs-Université de Lille-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)-Centrale Lille-Haute Etude d'Ingénieurs-Université de Lille-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM), L2EP - Équipe Outils et Méthodes Numériques [OMN], Laboratoire d’Électrotechnique et d’Électronique de Puissance - ULR 2697 [L2EP], Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, and Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL)

Subjects
010302 applied physics, Alternator (automotive), Physics, Transient state, finite element method, Structure (category theory), Numerical modeling, 01 natural sciences, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, law.invention, [SPI.ELEC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electromagnetism, Control theory, law, 0103 physical sciences, Time derivative, Limit (music), Eddy current, Claw-pole alternator, coupling problem, Magnetic potential, Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Abstract

International audience; This paper describes a methodology for modelling a six-phase claw-pole alternator with its electrical environment. Magnetic nonlinearities, eddy currents and rectifiers are taken into account. To solve magnetodynamic problems, we use the modified magnetic vector potential formulation. The complex structure of the machine requires a 3D finite element analysis. To limit the mesh size, we introduced a refinement strategy based on the calculation of the time derivative of magnetic vector potential, solution of the magnetostatic case. In addition, we propose to reduce the transient state by improving the initial solution from the solution of a magnetostatic problem. These different numerical techniques reduce drastically the computational time and memory resources. To validate the proposed approach, some results are compared with experimental ones.

Published
2020

24. Design of a bi-harmonic 7-phase PM machine with tooth-concentrated winding

Author

Hussein Zahr, Eric Semail, Franck Scuiller, Florent Becker, Institut de Recherche de l'Ecole Navale (IRENAV), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM), Laboratoire d’Électrotechnique et d’Électronique de Puissance - ULR 2697 (L2EP), Centrale Lille-Haute Etude d'Ingénieurs-Université de Lille-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, Institut de Recherche de l'Ecole Navale [IRENAV], Laboratoire d’Électrotechnique et d’Électronique de Puissance - ULR 2697 [L2EP], HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-JUNIA (JUNIA), and Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL)

Subjects
Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, multiphase machine, Fractional-slot winding, bi-harmonic machine, seven-phase machine, tooth-concentrated winding, Surface-mounted Permanent Magnet, Torque ripple, Energie électrique [Sciences de l'ingénieur], 02 engineering and technology, Harmonic analysis, Control theory, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Winding factor, Torque, Electromagnétisme [Sciences de l'ingénieur], Mathematics, 020208 electrical & electronic engineering, [SPI.NRJ]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electric power, [SPI.ELEC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electromagnetism, Electromagnetic coil, Magnet, Harmonic, Voltage
Abstract

International audience; If multi-phase machines equipped with tooth concentrated winding with half a slot per pole and per phaseoffer interesting characteristics (simplified manufacturing, no space subharmonic, fault-tolerant ability), their low fundamentalwinding factors make their designs and controls challenging. The paper addresses the case of a seven-phase Surface-mountedPermanent Magnet (SPM) machine which has a fundamental winding factor lower than the third. This so-called bi-harmonicspecificity is considered in order to achieve good torque quality (average value and ripples). Regarding the design, the magnetlayer is segmented into two identical radially magnetized tiles that cover about three-quarters the pole arc. Regarding the control,the rated Maximum Torque Per Ampere (MTPA) supply strategy (h1h3 control) aims at generating a third harmonic currentcomponent greater than the fundamental. A prototype has been manufactured: the ability of the machine to provide smoothtorque is experimentally confirmed through the implementation of a simple MTPA control which copes with high distortion inno-load voltage.

Published
2020

25. Surrogate Model Based on the POD Combined With the RBF Interpolation of Nonlinear Magnetostatic FE Model

Author

Antoine Pierquin, Thomas Henneron, Stephane Clenet, Laboratoire d'Électrotechnique et d'Électronique de Puissance (L2EP) - ULR 2697, Laboratoire d’Électrotechnique et d’Électronique de Puissance - ULR 2697 [L2EP], Laboratoire d’Électrotechnique et d’Électronique de Puissance - ULR 2697 (L2EP), Centrale Lille-Haute Etude d'Ingénieurs-Université de Lille-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-JUNIA (JUNIA), and Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL)

Subjects
Nonlinear magnetostatic problem, Proper Orthogonal Decomposition, Computer Science::Computational Geometry, Sciences de l'ingénieur, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Surrogate model, law, Radial Basis Functions, 0103 physical sciences, Electronic, Applied mathematics, Radial basis function, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Model Order Reduction, Transformer, Computer Science::Databases, Mathematics, 010302 applied physics, Model order reduction, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Inductance, Nonlinear system, Point of delivery, Interpolation
Abstract

International audience; The Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) is an interesting approach to compress into a reduced basis numerous solutions obtained from a parametrized Finite Element (FE) model. In order to obtain a fast approximation of a FE solution, the POD can be combined with an interpolation method based on Radial Basis Functions (RBF) to interpolate the coordinates of the solution into the reduced basis. In this paper, this POD-RBF approach is applied to a nonlinear magnetostatic problem and is used with a single phase transformer and a three-phase inductance.

Published
2020

26. Finite-Element Model Reduction of Surface-Mounted Permanent Magnet Machines by Exploitation of Geometrical Periodicity

Author

M. Al Eit, Stephane Clenet, Thomas Henneron, Laboratoire d’Électrotechnique et d’Électronique de Puissance - ULR 2697 (L2EP), Centrale Lille-Haute Etude d'Ingénieurs-Université de Lille-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM), Project CPER/C2EI funded by The Hauts de France Region, the European Union and the French State, Laboratoire d’Électrotechnique et d’Électronique de Puissance (L2EP), Ecole Centrale de Lille-Haute Etude d'Ingénieurs-Université de Lille-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, L2EP - Équipe Outils et Méthodes Numériques (OMN), HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)-Ecole Centrale de Lille-Haute Etude d'Ingénieurs-Université de Lille-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, Laboratoire d’Électrotechnique et d’Électronique de Puissance - ULR 2697 [L2EP], 13338|||Laboratoire d’Électrotechnique et d’Électronique de Puissance - ULR 2697 [L2EP], Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-JUNIA (JUNIA), and Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL)

Subjects
Surface (mathematics), Computer science, surface-mounted permanent magnet (SMPM) machines, 02 engineering and technology, Discrete Fourier transform (DFT), geometrical periodicity, Model Order Reduction, finite-element (FE) analysis, Sciences de l'ingénieur, Topology, 01 natural sciences, Discrete Fourier transform, law.invention, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], law, 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 010302 applied physics, Rotor (electric), 020208 electrical & electronic engineering, Magnetostatics, Finite element method, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, [SPI.ELEC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electromagnetism, Harmonics, Magnet, Reduction (mathematics)
Abstract

This paper presents a methodology that allows taking advantage of the geometrical periodicity of electrical machines together with the modeling of rotor motion. It enables by means of the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) to reduce the large-scale system obtained from the finite-element model to several smaller independent subsystems, allowing a shortening of the computational time. Due to DFT properties, the computational time can be more reduced especially when we consider the inter-dependence of the spectral components under either balanced or unbalanced supply condition. In addition, a further reduction is possible in the case of balanced regimes where the distribution of the eventual numerical solution is governed by a limited number of prevailing harmonics. Project CPER/C2EI funded by The Hauts de France Region, the European Union and the French State

Published
2018

27. Automated tool for 3D planar magnetic temperature modelling: application to EE and E/PLT core-based components

Author

Xavier Margueron, Reda Bakri, Nadir Idir, Philippe Le Moigne, Jean Sylvio Ngoua Teu Magambo, Laboratoire d’Électrotechnique et d’Électronique de Puissance - ULR 2697 (L2EP), Centrale Lille-Haute Etude d'Ingénieurs-Université de Lille-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM), Jean Sylvio NGOUA TEU MAGAMBO, Centrale Lille, Laboratoire d’Électrotechnique et d’Électronique de Puissance - ULR 2697 [L2EP], 13338|||Laboratoire d’Électrotechnique et d’Électronique de Puissance - ULR 2697 [L2EP], Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-JUNIA (JUNIA), and Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL)

Subjects
Materials science, Steady state, 020209 energy, Computation, 020208 electrical & electronic engineering, [SPI.NRJ]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electric power, Mechanical engineering, 02 engineering and technology, Hardware_PERFORMANCEANDRELIABILITY, Planar transformers, Inductor, 7. Clean energy, Finite element method, Planar, Electromagnetic coil, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Transient (oscillation), Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Abstract

Thermal performance of power converters is a key issue for the power integration. Temperatures inside the active and passive devices can be determined using thermal models. Modelling the temperature distribution of high-frequency magnetic components is quite complex due to the diversity of their geometries and used materials. This study presents a thermal modelling method based on lumped elements thermal network model, applied to planar magnetic components made of double planar E shaped cores (EE) and planar E core combined with plate one (E/PLT). The 3D model is automatically generated from the component's geometry. The computation enables to obtain 3D temperature distribution inside windings and core of planar transformers or inductors, in steady state or in transient case. This study details the proposed modelling method as well as the automated tool including the problem definition and the solving process. The obtained temperature distributions are compared with finite-element simulation results and measurements on different planar transformers.

Published
2019

28. Critical clearing time determination and enhancement of grid-forming converters embedding virtual impedance as current limitation algorithm

Author

Guillaume Denis, Xavier Guillaud, Frederic Colas, Taoufik Qoria, Thibault Prevost, Francois Gruson, Laboratoire d’Électrotechnique et d’Électronique de Puissance - ULR 2697 (L2EP), Centrale Lille-Haute Etude d'Ingénieurs-Université de Lille-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM), Réseau de Transport d'Electricité [Paris] (RTE), This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No 691800., Laboratoire d’Électrotechnique et d’Électronique de Puissance - ULR 2697 [L2EP], Réseau de Transport d'Electricité [Paris] [RTE], Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-JUNIA (JUNIA), and Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL)

Subjects
Droop control, Computer science, 020209 energy, Energie électrique [Sciences de l'ingénieur], 020208 electrical & electronic engineering, [SPI.NRJ]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electric power, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, 02 engineering and technology, Hardware_PERFORMANCEANDRELIABILITY, Converters, Virtual impedance, Fault (power engineering), Power (physics), Synchronization (alternating current), Transient stability, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Voltage droop, Current limitation, Transient (oscillation), Voltage source, Grid forming voltage source converter, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Synchronism, Algorithm
Abstract

The present paper deals with the post-fault synchronization of a voltage source converter based on the droop control. In case of large disturbances on the grid, the current is limited via current limitation algorithms such as the virtual impedance. During the fault, the power converter internal frequency deviates resulting in a converter angle divergence. Thereby, the system may lose the synchronism after fault clearing and which may lead to instability. Hence, this paper proposes a theoretical approach to explain the dynamic behavior of the grid forming converter subject to a three phase bolted fault. A literal expression of the critical clearing time is defined. Due to the precise analysis of the phenomenon, a simple algorithm can be derived to enhance the transient stability. It is based on adaptive gain included in the droop control. These objectives have been achieved with no external information and without switching from one control to the other. To prove the effectiveness of the developed control, experimental test cases have been performed in different faulted conditions. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No 691800.

Published
2019

29. LQR based MIMO-PID controller for the vector control of an underdamped harmonic oscillator

Author

Frédéric Giraud, Michel Amberg, Christophe Giraud-Audine, Anis Kaci, Betty Lemaire-Semail, Laboratoire d’Électrotechnique et d’Électronique de Puissance - ULR 2697 (L2EP), Centrale Lille-Haute Etude d'Ingénieurs-Université de Lille-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL), Université de Lille, Centrale Lille, Arts et Métiers Paris Tech, HEI, Laboratoire d’Électrotechnique et d’Électronique de Puissance - ULR 2697 [L2EP], and 13338|||Laboratoire d’Électrotechnique et d’Électronique de Puissance - ULR 2697 [L2EP]

Subjects
0209 industrial biotechnology, Computer science, Vibration control, Aerospace Engineering, PID controller, 02 engineering and technology, Linear-quadratic regulator, Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR), 01 natural sciences, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], 020901 industrial engineering & automation, Control theory, 0103 physical sciences, 010301 acoustics, Harmonic oscillator, Civil and Structural Engineering, Vector control, Mechanical Engineering, Piezoelectric transducer, Optimal control, Computer Science Applications, Vector control (demodulated-modulated control), Control and Systems Engineering, Signal Processing, Baseband
Abstract

International audience; Modulated-Demodulated control (or vector control) allows to simultaneously impose amplitude and phase of a resonator. Moreover, the working frequency in the case of discrete-controller is substantially lower than the resonance frequency. However, the design of a such controller can be complex. In this paper, we outline a design directly in the baseband. To do so, the oscillator is modelled as a non-dimensional Multi-Input-Multi-Output system. An optimal control (Linear Quadratic Regulator) framework can then be used to design the controller. Thanks to ad hoc performances criteria, the weighting matrices are systematically specified according to the desired closed-lop time response. The methodology is validated by an experimental results on a plate actuated using piezoelectric patches.

Published
2019

30. Sensitivity of predictive controllers to parameter variation in five-phase induction motor drives

Author

Mario Bermudez, Manuel R. Arahal, Cristina Martin, Xavier Kestelyn, Mario J. Duran, Federico Barrero, Universidad de Sevilla, Laboratoire d’Électrotechnique et d’Électronique de Puissance - ULR 2697 (L2EP), Centrale Lille-Haute Etude d'Ingénieurs-Université de Lille-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM), Departamento de Ingenieria de Sistemas y Automatica [Sevilla] (ISA), Universidad de Málaga [Málaga] = University of Málaga [Málaga], Universidad de Sevilla / University of Sevilla, Laboratoire d’Électrotechnique et d’Électronique de Puissance - ULR 2697 [L2EP], Departamento de Ingenieria de Sistemas y Automatica [Sevilla] [ISA], Laboratoire d'Électrotechnique et d'Électronique de Puissance (L2EP) - ULR 2697, Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-JUNIA (JUNIA), and Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL)

Subjects
0209 industrial biotechnology, Test bench, Engineering, Energie électrique [Sciences de l'ingénieur], Context (language use), 02 engineering and technology, Finite-control-set controller, 020901 industrial engineering & automation, Reliability (semiconductor), Control theory, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Multiphase drives, Induction machines, Predictive control, Sensitivity analysis, Sensitivity (control systems), Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Electronique [Sciences de l'ingénieur], business.industry, Applied Mathematics, [SPI.NRJ]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electric power, 020208 electrical & electronic engineering, Control engineering, Converters, [SPI.TRON]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electronics, Computer Science Applications, Power (physics), Model predictive control, Control and Systems Engineering, business, Induction motor
Abstract

International audience; Model predictive control techniques have been recently proposed as a viable control alternative for power converters and electrical drives. The good current tracking, flexible control design or reduced switching losses are some of the benefits that explain the recently increased attention on finite-control-set model predictive control. The performance of the predictive model of the drive, which is the core of the predictive control, highly depends on the parameters of the real system. In this context, most research works assume good agreement between electrical parameters of the predictive model and the real machine, on the basis of nominal values. Nevertheless, this is far from being a real assumption, where non-modeled variables (i.e. the temperature, the magnetic saturation or the deep-bar effect) produce a detuning effect between the real system and its model, which can harm the control performance. The influence of parameter variations on the predictive control has barely been investigated in recent research works, where only conventional three-phase power converter configurations and permanent magnet drives have been taken into account. However, there is a lack of knowledge when different technologies like induction machines or multiphase drives are considered. It is worth highlighting the interest of the industry in induction motors as a mature technology or in multiphase drives as a promising alternative in applications where high overall system reliability and reduction in the total power per phase are required. This paper attempts to fill this gap by examining the impact of parameters mismatch on the finite-control-set predictive control performance of a five-phase induction motor drive, one of the multiphase electromechanical conversion systems with greatest impact in the research community. An exhaustive experimental sensitivity analysis of the close loop system performance based on more than three hundred trials in a test bench is presented.

Published
2017

31. Uncertainty analysis for day ahead power reserve quantification in an urban microgrid including PV generators

Author

Dhaker Abbes, Bruno Francois, Xingyu Yan, Laboratoire d’Électrotechnique et d’Électronique de Puissance - ULR 2697 (L2EP), Centrale Lille-Haute Etude d'Ingénieurs-Université de Lille-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL), Laboratoire d’Électrotechnique et d’Électronique de Puissance - ULR 2697 [L2EP], and Laboratoire d'Électrotechnique et d'Électronique de Puissance (L2EP) - ULR 2697

Subjects
Engineering, Artificial neural network, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, business.industry, 020209 energy, [SPI.NRJ]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electric power, Photovoltaic system, 02 engineering and technology, Demand forecasting, 7. Clean energy, Renewable energy, Reliability engineering, [MATH.MATH-PR]Mathematics [math]/Probability [math.PR], [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Electricity generation, Dynamic demand, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Microgrid, business, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, Uncertainty analysis
Abstract

International audience; Setting an adequate operating power reserve (PR) to compensate unpredictable imbalances between generation and 8 consumption is essential for power system security. Operating power reserve should be carefully sized but also ideally minimized and 9 dispatched to reduce operation costs with a satisfying security level. Although several energy generation and load forecasting tools 10 have been developed, decision-making methods are required to estimate the operating power reserve amount within its dispatch over 11 generators during small time windows and with adaptive capabilities to markets, as new ancillary service markets. This paper 12 proposes an uncertainty analysis method for power reserve quantification in an urban microgrid with a high penetration ratio of PV 13 (photovoltaic) power. First, forecasting errors of PV production and load demand are estimated one day ahead by using artificial 14 neural networks. Then two methods are proposed to calculate one day ahead the net demand error. The first perform a direct forecast 15 of the error, the second one calculates it from the available PV power and load demand forecast errors. This remaining net error is 16 analyzed with dedicated statistical and stochastic procedures. Hence, according to an accepted risk level, a method is proposed to 17 calculate the required PR for each hour.

Published
2017

32. Enhancing Variable Friction Tactile Display Using an Ultrasonic Travelling Wave

Author

Sofiane Ghenna, Christophe Giraud-Audine, Betty Lemaire-Semail, Eric Vezzoli, Frédéric Giraud, Michel Amberg, Laboratoire d’Électrotechnique et d’Électronique de Puissance - ULR 2697 (L2EP), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL), Méthodes et outils pour l'Interaction à gestes (MINT2), Inria Lille - Nord Europe, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille - UMR 9189 (CRIStAL), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d’Électrotechnique et d’Électronique de Puissance - ULR 2697 [L2EP], Méthodes et outils pour l'Interaction à gestes [MINT2], 13338|||Laboratoire d’Électrotechnique et d’Électronique de Puissance - ULR 2697 [L2EP], Centrale Lille-Haute Etude d'Ingénieurs-Université de Lille-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, and HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)

Subjects
Adult, Male, Engineering, Friction, Surface Properties, Acoustics, Transducers, Vibrations, 0206 medical engineering, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Fingers, Tactile stimulator and display, Relative direction, Standing wave, Young Adult, Surface Waves, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Friction Modulation, Travelling wave, 0103 physical sciences, Psychophysics, Humans, 010301 acoustics, tactile stimulator and display, Force, business.industry, Equipment Design, Models, Theoretical, 020601 biomedical engineering, Computer Science Applications, Human-Computer Interaction, Vibration, Transducer, Amplitude, Contact mechanics, Touch Perception, Ultrasonic Waves, Touch, Surface wave, Female, Probes, Ultrasonic sensor, business
Abstract

International audience; In Variable Friction Tactile Displays, an ultrasonic standing wave can be used to reduce the friction coefficient between a user’s finger sliding and a vibrating surface. However, by principle, the effect is limited by a saturation due to the contact mechanics, and very low friction levels require very high vibration amplitudes. Besides, to be effective, the user’s finger has to move. We present a device which uses a travelling wave rather than a standing wave. We present a control that allows to realize such a travelling wave in a robust way, and thus can be implemented on various plane surfaces. We show experimentally that the force produced by the travelling wave has two superimposed contributions. The first one is equal to the friction reduction produced by a standing of the same vibration amplitude. The second produces a driving force in the opposite direction of the travelling wave. As a result, the modulation range of the tangential force on the finger can be extended to zero and even negative values. Moreover, the effect is dependant on the relative direction of exploration with regards to the travelling wave, which is perceivable and confirmed by a psycho-physical study.

Published
2017

33. PWM Strategy for the Cancellation of Common-Mode Voltage Generated by Three-Phase Back-to-Back Inverters

Author

Arnaud Videt, Nadir Idir, Heu Vang, Mehdi Messaoudi, Hocine Boulharts, Laboratoire d'Électrotechnique et d'Électronique de Puissance (L2EP) - EA 2697, Laboratoire d’Électrotechnique et d’Électronique de Puissance - ULR 2697 [L2EP], Schneider Toshiba Inverter Europe [Pacy-sur-Eure], Laboratoire d’Électrotechnique et d’Électronique de Puissance - ULR 2697 (L2EP), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-JUNIA (JUNIA), and Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL)

Subjects
Engineering, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC), electromagnetic conductive interference, pulse width modulated inverters, rectifiers, variable speed drives, business.industry, 020209 energy, 020208 electrical & electronic engineering, Synchronizing, 02 engineering and technology, Compensation (engineering), Reduction (complexity), [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Motor drive, Three-phase, Control theory, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Electronic engineering, Common-mode signal, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business, Pulse-width modulation, Voltage
Abstract

International audience; This paper presents a pulse width modulation strategy for the cancellation of common-mode (CM) voltage generated by three-phase back-to-back two-level inverters. This method theoretically provides complete elimination of the CM voltage by synchronizing all the commutations of one converter with commutations of the other one, so that the overall resulting CM voltage does not vary. The degrees of freedom of this strategy are studied and an experimental implementation is carried out on a 15-kW motor drive prototype to validate the method effectiveness. Taking into account deadtime compensation, measurements in time and frequency domains show that the CM voltage is strongly reduced and that more than 15 dB reduction is achieved in a wide frequency range.

Published
2017

34. Stochastic Optimization of PQ Powers at the Interface between Distribution and Transmission Grids

Author

Frederic Colas, Xavier Guillaud, Jean-Yves Dieulot, Jerome Buire, Laboratoire d’Électrotechnique et d’Électronique de Puissance - ULR 2697 [L2EP], Laboratoire d'Électrotechnique et d'Électronique de Puissance (L2EP) - ULR 2697, Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille - UMR 9189 [CRIStAL], Laboratoire d’Électrotechnique et d’Électronique de Puissance - ULR 2697 (L2EP), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL), Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille - UMR 9189 (CRIStAL), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centrale Lille-Haute Etude d'Ingénieurs-Université de Lille-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, and HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)

Subjects
Control and Optimization, Optimization problem, General Computer Science, Stochastic modelling, Computer science, Reactive power control, 020209 energy, Energie électrique [Sciences de l'ingénieur], Distribution grid, Stochastic optimization, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, 02 engineering and technology, lcsh:Technology, law.invention, reactive power control, law, Control theory, volt-var control, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Engineering (miscellaneous), distribution grid, lcsh:T, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, 020208 electrical & electronic engineering, [SPI.NRJ]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electric power, HV/MV interface, High voltage, Volt-var control, AC power, stochastic optimization, Grid, Capacitor, Transmission (mechanics), Transmission (telecommunications), Energy (miscellaneous), Voltage
Abstract

International audience; This paper addresses the volt-var control of distribution grids embedding many distributed generators (DGs). Specifically, it focuses on the compliance of powers to specified PQ diagrams at the high voltage/medium voltage (HV/MV) interface while the voltages remain well controlled. This is achieved using a two-stage optimization corresponding to two different classes of actuators. The tap position of capacitor banks is selected on a daily basis, given a stochastic model of the input powers prediction, which allows infrequent actuation and increases the device lifespan. In a second stage, a confidence level optimization problem allows to tune on an hourly basis the parameters of the DGs reactive power affine control laws. Results on a real-size grid show that the combined tuning of these actuators allows the ability to comply with European grid codes while the control effort remains reasonable.

Published
2019

35. Demagnetization analysis of an open-end windings 5-phase PMSM under transistor short-circuit fault

Author

Tiago Jose dos Santos Moraes, Eric Semail, Ngac Ky Nguyen, Laboratoire d’Électrotechnique et d’Électronique de Puissance - ULR 2697 (L2EP), Centrale Lille-Haute Etude d'Ingénieurs-Université de Lille-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM), This work has been achieved within the framework of CE2I project. CE2I is co-financed by European Union with the financial support of European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), French State and the French Region of Hauts-de-France., Laboratoire d’Électrotechnique et d’Électronique de Puissance - ULR 2697 [L2EP], Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-JUNIA (JUNIA), and Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL)

Subjects
Materials science, Demagnetization, Integrated Motor Drives, 02 engineering and technology, Sciences de l'ingénieur, Fault (power engineering), 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, law.invention, Inverter Fault, Transistor Short-Circuit, Electric Vehicles, PMSM, law, 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Torque, 010302 applied physics, business.industry, 020208 electrical & electronic engineering, Demagnetizing field, Transistor, Electrical engineering, Degraded mode, [SPI.TRON]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electronics, Electromagnetic coil, Magnet, Inverter, business
Abstract

For an open-end windings integrated Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine, the demagnetization of the permanent magnets is analyzed when a transistor is short-circuited and no specific control strategy is adopted. Depending on the temperature, the high currents due to the inverter fault may locally demagnetized the permanent magnets leading to an accelerated aging of the machine and torque loss. A co-simulation, using a Finite Element software for the machine coupled with an average modeling of the transistor, gives interesting local prediction of the machine behavior in healthy and degraded mode. This work has been achieved within the framework of CE2I project. CE2I is co-financed by European Union with the financial support of European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), French State and the French Region of Hauts-de-France.

Published
2019

36. Development of a power hardware in the loop simulation of an islanded microgrid

Author

Hicham Fakham, Taoufik Qoria, Frederic Colas, Martin Legry, Olivier Ducarme, Laboratoire d’Électrotechnique et d’Électronique de Puissance - ULR 2697 (L2EP), Centrale Lille-Haute Etude d'Ingénieurs-Université de Lille-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM), L2EP - Équipe Réseaux, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)-Centrale Lille-Haute Etude d'Ingénieurs-Université de Lille-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, ENGIE, Laboratoire d’Électrotechnique et d’Électronique de Puissance - ULR 2697 [L2EP], Laboratoire d'Électrotechnique et d'Électronique de Puissance (L2EP) - ULR 2697, Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL), and Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies

Subjects
business.industry, Computer science, Amplifier, 020208 electrical & electronic engineering, Photovoltaic system, Hardware-in-the-loop simulation, Electrical engineering, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, AC power, Sciences de l'ingénieur, 7. Clean energy, Power (physics), [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Reliability (semiconductor), chemistry, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Lithium, Microgrid, business
Abstract

International audience; In this paper a Power Hardware in the loop simulation has been realized to test in a safely way the performances and reliability of a device called “PowerCorner” used to supply an islanded microgrid. A real-time model has been developed in order to simulate the microgrid, batteries and photovoltaic panels. Some modeling criterions have been proposed to reduce time-step simulation and enhancing the Power Hardware in the loop simulation stability. Power Hardware in the loop simulation is used to emulate the AC and DC environments around the power inverters. On the DC side, DC power amplifier is used to emulate photovoltaic power plants and storage devices made on Lithium batteries. On the AC side, AC power amplifier is used to emulate the behavior of the microgrid. These two power amplifiers are controlled by a digital real time simulator which embeds the dynamic behavior of both DC and AC sides.

Published
2019

37. Different Models for the Simulation of DC Railway Systems Supplied by Non-Reversible Substations

Author

Islam El-Sayed, Bassam Mohamed, Alain Bouscayrol, Clement Mayet, Philippe Delarue, Pablo Arboleya, Systèmes et Applications des Technologies de l'Information et de l'Energie [SATIE], Laboratoire d’Électrotechnique et d’Électronique de Puissance - ULR 2697 [L2EP], Systèmes et Applications des Technologies de l'Information et de l'Energie (SATIE), École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP), Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Oviedo, Laboratoire d’Électrotechnique et d’Électronique de Puissance - ULR 2697 (L2EP), Centrale Lille-Haute Etude d'Ingénieurs-Université de Lille-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM), Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-JUNIA (JUNIA), and Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL)

Subjects
Computer science, medicine.medical_treatment, Computation, 020208 electrical & electronic engineering, Mode (statistics), 020302 automobile design & engineering, Control engineering, 02 engineering and technology, Traction (orthopedics), Grid, Energy storage, Line (electrical engineering), Power (physics), [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], 0203 mechanical engineering, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, medicine, Train, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

Simulation is a valuable way to develop efficient design of the infrastructure and operations of electrical railway systems. Nevertheless, the size of such systems and the complexity of the power flows lead to complex models that require simplifications. A specific scenario has been identified as particularly difficult to study with most of the existing simulation tools. This scenario consists in a line with low energy recovery capacity in which all the substations are blocked. In such case, the railway system is disconnected from the AC grid and becomes an islanded system in which the braking trains, and eventually energy storage subsystems, supply other trains in traction mode. This paper aims to compare different modelling approaches to simulate DC railway systems in this specific scenario. The results highlight that conventionnal approach is not able to deal with this scenario. Another approach, based on a dynamic model from previous research works, is well able to estimate the system behavior with this scenario, but it leads to long computational time. Finally, an intermediary approach is proposed to simplify the model in such scenario and potentially reduce the computation time.

Published
2019

38. A Novel Method for Accelerating the Analysis of Nonlinear Behaviour of Power Grids using Normal Form Technique

Author

Olivier Thomas, Bogdan Marinescu, Nnaemeka Sunday Ugwuanyi, Xavier Kestelyn, Laboratoire d’Électrotechnique et d’Électronique de Puissance - ULR 2697 (L2EP), Centrale Lille-Haute Etude d'Ingénieurs-Université de Lille-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM), Arts et Métiers Paristech- Centre de Lille, Laboratoire d’Ingénierie des Systèmes Physiques et Numériques (LISPEN), Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, École Centrale de Nantes (ECN), Laboratoire des Sciences du Numérique de Nantes (LS2N), IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dynamics of Smart Grids (DSG), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Laboratoire d’Électrotechnique et d’Électronique de Puissance - ULR 2697 [L2EP], Laboratoire d’Ingénierie des Systèmes Physiques et Numériques [LISPEN], École Centrale de Nantes [ECN], Dynamics of Smart Grids [LS2N - équipe DSG], Laboratoire des Sciences du Numérique de Nantes [LS2N], Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), and Dynamics of Smart Grids (LS2N - équipe DSG)

Subjects
Index Terms−Nonlinear coefficients, nonlinear modal anal- ysis, Normal Form, quadratic and cubic coefficients, Hessian matrices, small signal analysis, Computer science, 020209 energy, Modal analysis, Computation, 02 engineering and technology, Nonlinear, Sciences de l'ingénieur, 01 natural sciences, symbols.namesake, Electric power system, Control theory, Fast computation, 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Taylor series, 010301 acoustics, Eigenvalues and eigenvectors, Normal Form Technique, Small signal Analysis, [SPI.NRJ]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electric power, Higher Order Analysis, Normal Form coefficients, Nonlinear system, Modal, symbols, Linear equation
Abstract

Today's power systems are strongly nonlinear and are becoming more complex with the large penetration of power-electronics interfaced generators. Conventional Linear Modal Analysis does not adequately study such a system with complex nonlinear behavior. Inclusion of higher-order terms in small-signal (modal) analysis associated with the Normal Form theory proposes a nonlinear modal analysis as an efficient way to improve the analysis. However, heavy computations involved make Normal Form method tedious, and impracticable for large power system application. In this paper, we present an efficient and speedy approach for obtaining the required nonlinear coefficients of the nonlinear equations modelling of a power system, without actually going through all the usual high order differentiation involved in Taylor series expansion. The method uses eigenvectors to excite the system modes independently which lead to formulation of linear equations whose solution gives the needed coefficients. The proposed method is demonstrated on the conventional IEEE 9-bus system and 68-bus New England/New York system.

Published
2019

39. Coupling Influence on the dq Impedance Stability Analysis for the Three-Phase Grid-Connected Inverter

Author

Frederic Colas, Jun Liang, Chuanyue Li, Xavier Guillaud, Wenlong Ming, Taoufik Qoria, Francois Gruson, Laboratoire d’Électrotechnique et d’Électronique de Puissance - ULR 2697 (L2EP), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL), School of Engineering [Cardiff], Cardiff University, This research was funded by MIGRATE project under European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program, grant number 691800., Laboratoire d’Électrotechnique et d’Électronique de Puissance - ULR 2697 [L2EP], Laboratoire d'Électrotechnique et d'Électronique de Puissance (L2EP) - ULR 2697, Centrale Lille-Haute Etude d'Ingénieurs-Université de Lille-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, and HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)

Subjects
Control and Optimization, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, 02 engineering and technology, Topology, Stability (probability), lcsh:Technology, Sciences de l'environnement, Matrix (mathematics), impedance stability analysis, VSC, small-signal modelling, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Engineering (miscellaneous), Electrical impedance, Eigenvalues and eigenvectors, Mathematics, Coupling, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, lcsh:T, 020208 electrical & electronic engineering, Nyquist stability criterion, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Inverter, vsc, Nyquist plot, Energy (miscellaneous)
Abstract

The dq impedance stability analysis for a grid-connected current-control inverter is based on the impedance ratio matrix. However, the coupled matrix brings difficulties in deriving its eigenvalues for the analysis based on the general Nyquist criterion. If the couplings are ignored for simplification, unacceptable errors will be present in the analysis. In this paper, the influence of the couplings on the dq impedance stability analysis is studied. To take the couplings into account simply, the determinant-based impedance stability analysis is used. The mechanism between the determinant of the impedance-ratio matrix and the inverter stability is unveiled. Compared to the eigenvalues-based analysis, only one determinant rather than two eigenvalue s-function is required for the stability analysis. One Nyquist plot or pole map can be applied to the determinant to check the right-half-plane poles. The accuracy of the determinant-based stability analysis is also checked by comparing with the state-space stability analysis method. For the stability analysis, the coupling influence on the current control, the phase-locked loop, and the grid impedance are studied. The errors can be 10% in the stability analysis if the couplings are ignored. This research was funded by MIGRATE project under European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program, grant number 691800.

Published
2019
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40. Torque Optimization of a Seven-Phase Bi-harmonic PMSM in Healthy and Degraded Mode

Author

Yanliang Xu, Jinlin Gong, Zhao Benteng, Duc Tan Vu, Ngac Ky Nguyen, Tiago Jose dos Santos Moraes, Zhang Hao, Eric Semail, Shandong University, Laboratoire d’Électrotechnique et d’Électronique de Puissance - ULR 2697 (L2EP), Centrale Lille-Haute Etude d'Ingénieurs-Université de Lille-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM), Laboratoire d'Électrotechnique et d'Électronique de Puissance (L2EP) - ULR 2697, Laboratoire d’Électrotechnique et d’Électronique de Puissance - ULR 2697 [L2EP], Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-JUNIA (JUNIA), and Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL)

Subjects
010302 applied physics, Fault-tolerant control, Energie électrique [Sciences de l'ingénieur], 020208 electrical & electronic engineering, [SPI.NRJ]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electric power, Phase (waves), 02 engineering and technology, Fault (power engineering), Bi-harmonic, 01 natural sciences, Fluxweakening control, Inductance, Harmonic analysis, Seven-phase PMSM, Control theory, Harmonics, 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Harmonic, MTPA, Torque, Mathematics, Voltage
Abstract

International audience; Compared to sinusoidal machines, a bi-harmonic machine (with only two harmonics of similar value in the electromotive force spectrum) can develop torque of comparable values under three kinds of supply: with only first or both first and third sinusoidal currents. Therefore, more degrees of freedom for the control of the machine can be achieved. In this paper, the specificities of a 7-phase bi-harmonic permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) are investigated under different control strategies, such as maximum torque per ampere (MTPA) at low speed and fluxweakening strategies at high speed, both in healthy and faultyoperation modes. The fault with one open-circuited phase are taken into account. The current references are calculated in order to maximize the output torque under the constraint on both voltage and current. The performances of the considered machine is validated by numerical results.

Published
2019

41. Comparison of Approaches for Optimization of Electromagnetic Devices using Finite Element Method

Author

El Bechari, R. (Reda), Brisset, S. (stéphane), Clenet, S. (Stephane), Guyomarch, F. (Frédéric), Mipo, J-C. (Jean-Claude), Laboratoire d’Électrotechnique et d’Électronique de Puissance - ULR 2697 (L2EP), Centrale Lille-Haute Etude d'Ingénieurs-Université de Lille-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM), L2EP - Équipe Outils et Méthodes Numériques (OMN), HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)-Centrale Lille-Haute Etude d'Ingénieurs-Université de Lille-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, Valeo Equipements Electriques Moteur (VALEO PES Company), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL), Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, Université de Lille, Centrale Lille, Arts et Métiers Paris Tech, HEI, Laboratoire d’Électrotechnique et d’Électronique de Puissance - ULR 2697 [L2EP], and Valeo Equipements Electriques Moteur [VALEO PES Company]

Subjects
[SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics]
Abstract

International audience; In the context of optimization using finite element method (FEM), many issues arise, mainly numerical noise due to re-meshing when dealing with geometric parameters furthermore the computational time of the overall optimization can be prohibitive. In this paper, we compare different approaches to deal with these issues. In some approaches, optimization method is coupled directly to FEM simulation while other approaches aim to replace the expensive simulation with cheap meta-models that reduce the overall time of optimization. As treating different approaches, a comparison protocol is proposed and two electromagnetic optimization benchmarks are treated.

Published
2019

42. Harmonics Prediction Algorithm to Solve Nonlinear Magnetostatic Problems with the Harmonic Balance Method

Author

Jaïem, Emna, Guyomarch, Frédéric, Le Menach, Y., Laboratoire d’Électrotechnique et d’Électronique de Puissance - ULR 2697 (L2EP), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL), Centrale Lille-Haute Etude d'Ingénieurs-Université de Lille-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM), Laboratoire d’Électrotechnique et d’Électronique de Puissance - ULR 2697 [L2EP], and Laboratoire d'Électrotechnique et d'Électronique de Puissance (L2EP) - ULR 2697

Subjects
[SPI.ELEC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electromagnetism, [MATH.MATH-NA]Mathematics [math]/Numerical Analysis [math.NA]
Abstract

International audience; The problem of harmonics selection when solving an electromagnetic problem using harmonic balance method combined with finite element method is still a challenge. In this paper, a new technique based on the time residual of the solution is proposed to handle this kind of problem. Numerical results are provided to demonstrate the efficiency of our approach for the case of 2D nonlinear magnetostatic problem. Index Terms-Harmonic balance method, determination of harmonics, finite element method, nonlinear magnetostatic problem.; Le problème de la sélection des harmoniques lors de la résolution d'un problème électromagnétique en utilisant la méthode de l'harmonic balance combinée à la méthode des éléments finis reste un défi. Dans cet article, une nouvelle technique basée sur le résidu temporel de la solution est proposée pour traiter ce type de problème. Des résultats numériques sont fournis pour montrer l'efficacité de notre approche dans le cas d'un problème magnétostatique non linéaire en 2D.

Published
2019

43. Fundamental Acoustical Finger Force Calculation for Out-of-Plane Ultrasonic Vibration and its Correlation with Friction Reduction

Author

Michel Amberg, Frédéric Giraud, Anis Kaci, Angelica Torres, Betty Lemaire-Semail, Christophe Giraud-Audine, Laboratoire d’Électrotechnique et d’Électronique de Puissance - ULR 2697 (L2EP), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL), Université de Lille, Centrale Lille, Arts et Métiers Paris Tech, HEI, Laboratoire d’Électrotechnique et d’Électronique de Puissance - ULR 2697 [L2EP], Centrale Lille-Haute Etude d'Ingénieurs-Université de Lille-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, and HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)

Subjects
musculoskeletal diseases, Materials science, Friction, Acoustics, media_common.quotation_subject, Vibrations, 02 engineering and technology, Damping, Contact force, Out of plane, Mathematical model, Ultrasonic vibration, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Contrast (vision), Force, Haptic technology, media_common, Skin, Finger force, integumentary system, 020208 electrical & electronic engineering, Acoustic measurements, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, musculoskeletal system, body regions, Friction reduction, Ultrasonic sensor, 0210 nano-technology, human activities, [SPI.GCIV.EC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering/Eco-conception
Abstract

International audience; When a finger touches an ultrasonic vibrating plate, non-sinusoidal contact force appears, named acoustical finger force. In this paper, we present a method to observe its fundamental in the case of a friction reduction haptic interface. The capability of the method to be achieved on-line, in a small micro-controller, is established. We show a correlation between this measurement and the friction when sliding the finger. A model that predicts the friction coefficient and the friction contrast is laid down; it gives consistent output for 10 participants out of 12 having different biomechanical skin parameters of the skin.

Published
2019

44. Sensorless Control for Non-Sinusoidal Five-phase IPMSM Based on Sliding Mode Observer

Author

Mini, Youssouf, Nguyen, Ngac Ky, Semail, Eric, Laboratoire d'Électrotechnique et d'Électronique de Puissance (L2EP) - ULR 2697, Laboratoire d’Électrotechnique et d’Électronique de Puissance - ULR 2697 [L2EP], Laboratoire d’Électrotechnique et d’Électronique de Puissance - ULR 2697 (L2EP), Centrale Lille-Haute Etude d'Ingénieurs-Université de Lille-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-JUNIA (JUNIA), and Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL)

Subjects
[SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Electrical integrated drives, Back-EMF observer, Five-phase interior permanent magnet synchronous machine (FIPMSM), Sensorless control, Sliding Mode Observer (SMO), Sciences de l'ingénieur
Abstract

National audience; This paper proposes a sensorless control based on Sliding Mode Observer (SMO) for a Five-phase Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine (FIPMSM), with a consideration of the third harmonic component. Compared to the conventional three-phase machines, the third harmonic of electromotive force contains more information. Thus, in this paper, we consider the first and third harmonic components of the five-phase machine to estimate the rotor position that is necessary for the control. Simulation results of the implemented SMO are shown to verify the feasibility of the proposed sensorless control strategy

Published
2019

45. Tuning of AC voltage-controlled VSC based Linear Quadratic Regulation

Author

Taoufik Qoria, Ko Oue, Frederic Colas, Thibault Prevost, Chuanyue Li, Xavier Guillaud, Francois Gruson, Laboratoire d’Électrotechnique et d’Électronique de Puissance - ULR 2697 [L2EP], Laboratoire d'Électrotechnique et d'Électronique de Puissance (L2EP) - ULR 2697, Réseau de Transport d'Electricité [Paris] [RTE], Laboratoire d’Électrotechnique et d’Électronique de Puissance - ULR 2697 (L2EP), Centrale Lille-Haute Etude d'Ingénieurs-Université de Lille-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM), Réseau de Transport d'Electricité [Paris] (RTE), MIGRATE, Horizon 2020, Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-JUNIA (JUNIA), and Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL)

Subjects
Small-signal analysis, Active power and AC voltage transient coupling, Computer science, Energie électrique [Sciences de l'ingénieur], Power transmission System, 020209 energy, [SPI.NRJ]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electric power, 020208 electrical & electronic engineering, 02 engineering and technology, Linear-quadratic regulator, AC power, Converters, Grid, 7. Clean energy, Linear Quadratic Regulator, 2-Level Voltage Source Converter, Control theory, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, High-voltage direct current, Grid-forming control, Voltage source, Decoupling (electronics), Voltage
Abstract

International audience; In the near future, power converters will be massively introduced in transmission grids due to renewable energy sources and high voltage direct current (HVDC) increase. Voltage Source Converter (VSC) control laws assume that Synchronous Generators (SGs) build a stiff AC voltage which allows the synchronization of converters. This is one of the major reasons that limit the high integration of currentsource converters in transmission grid. This constraint is no longer relevant when power converters operate as a voltage source based on the grid-forming concept. This concept uses an inner cascaded PI controllers in order to regulate the output AC voltage. However, it is difficult to tune its controller parameters for stable operation in grid-connected mode. This paper proposes an alternative state-feedback control with integral compensator based linear quadratic regulation (LQR) in order to ensure a stable operation and to get a better AC voltage transient and good decoupling between reactive and active power. The proposed control will be fully analyzed and compared to conventional methods.

Published
2019

46. Generating controlled localized stimulations on haptic displays by modal superimposition

Author

Frédéric Giraud, Betty Semail, Ehsan Enferad, Michel Amberg, Christophe Giraud-Audine, Laboratoire d’Électrotechnique et d’Électronique de Puissance - ULR 2697 (L2EP), Centrale Lille-Haute Etude d'Ingénieurs-Université de Lille-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL), Laboratoire d’Électrotechnique et d’Électronique de Puissance - ULR 2697 [L2EP], and 13338|||Laboratoire d’Électrotechnique et d’Électronique de Puissance - ULR 2697 [L2EP]

Subjects
Acoustics and Ultrasonics, Field (physics), Phased array, Computer science, Condensed Matter Physics, Mechanics of Materials, Mechanical Engineering, Acoustics, Modal analysis, [SPI.MECA.VIBR]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Vibrations [physics.class-ph], 02 engineering and technology, Modal synthesis, Human machine interaction, Haptic, Focusing, 01 natural sciences, Mécanique: Vibrations [Sciences de l'ingénieur], Vibration, 020303 mechanical engineering & transports, Modal, 0203 mechanical engineering, 0103 physical sciences, Superimposition, Vector field, 010301 acoustics, Haptic technology
Abstract

International audience; In the field of tactile feedback, researchers try to generate localized stimulations on screens. Some solutions such as time reversal or phased array use vibration induced in the screen equipped with piezoelectric ceramics. We propose to use the modal basis to reproduce a specified velocity field on such devices. We explain the theory and propose a methodology to practically synthesize the voltages to achieved a controlled focusing in a given time. Experiments on a simple demonstrator are in good agreement with the theory for various velocity fields and a reduced number of modes.

Published
2019

47. Direct determination of a single battery internal resistances distribution using a heterogeneous model

Author

Karrick Mergo Mbeya, Maxime Juston, Guy Friedrich, Stephane Vivier, Nicolas Damay, Christophe Forgez, Bogdan Vulturescu, Université de Technologie de Compiègne [UTC], Laboratoire d’Électrotechnique et d’Électronique de Puissance - ULR 2697 [L2EP], Laboratoire des Technologies Nouvelles [IFSTTAR/COSYS/LTN], Université de Technologie de Compiègne (UTC), Laboratoire d’Électrotechnique et d’Électronique de Puissance - ULR 2697 (L2EP), Centrale Lille-Haute Etude d'Ingénieurs-Université de Lille-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM), Laboratoire des Technologies Nouvelles (IFSTTAR/COSYS/LTN), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR), Juston, Maxime, Roberval (Roberval), SNCF : Innovation & Recherche, SNCF, Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-JUNIA (JUNIA), and Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL)

Subjects
Battery (electricity), Numerical Analysis, Work (thermodynamics), General Computer Science, Computer science, Applied Mathematics, [SPI.NRJ]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electric power, Diagnosis tool, 010103 numerical & computational mathematics, 02 engineering and technology, Internal resistance, 01 natural sciences, Battery pack, Theoretical Computer Science, Mass storage, Distribution (mathematics), Modeling and Simulation, parasitic diseases, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Equivalent circuit, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, 0101 mathematics, Biological system, [SPI.NRJ] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electric power
Abstract

Lithium-ion batteries are getting larger due to the expansion of transportation and mass storage markets and they can now contain up to thousands of cells. However, a sole damaged cell can significantly impact the whole battery pack efficiency. Thus, the diagnosis of a single cell remains critical for those systems. Many methods exist in which the cell is considered homogeneous. We recently developed a heterogeneous equivalent circuit model that considers an internal resistance distribution to better represent a real single cell behaviour. This internal resistance distribution (IRD) may bring valuable information about a single cell internal quality, but only if it is determined with a sufficient accuracy. In this paper, we propose an algorithm that allows a responsive determination of the IRD. The results are compared to previous determination methods. This IRD, which is determined thanks to the preliminary construction of a homogenous model and a single discharge, is also valid for other operating conditions. The determination of a cell IRD can be used as a non-invasive diagnosis tool to track the internal degradations of a cell. The IRD of two different cell, one aged and one new are then compared, the IRD of the aged one being on average larger. This proves the relevance of the determination method and its use to get an insight into a cell. Differences in shape between the aged and the new cell IRD are discussed, as well as criteria that seems interesting. Although this work is developed for a single cell, its initial goal is to be used to detect a damaged cell inside a battery pack and may thus be applied to several cells connected in parallel.

Published
2019

48. Two Guaranteed Equilibrated Error Estimators for Harmonic Formulations in Eddy Current Problems

Author

Roberta Tittarelli, Serge Nicaise, Emmanuel Creusé, Yvonnick Le Menach, Francis Piriou, Laboratoire Paul Painlevé (LPP), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Reliable numerical approximations of dissipative systems (RAPSODI ), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Lille - Nord Europe, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Laboratoire d’Électrotechnique et d’Électronique de Puissance - ULR 2697 (L2EP), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL), Laboratoire de Mathématiques et leurs Applications de Valenciennes - EA 4015 (LAMAV), Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques (ENSMM), ANR-11-LABX-0007,CEMPI,Centre Européen pour les Mathématiques, la Physique et leurs Interactions(2011), Laboratoire Paul Painlevé - UMR 8524 (LPP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lille, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lille-Inria Lille - Nord Europe, Centrale Lille-Haute Etude d'Ingénieurs-Université de Lille-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-INSA Institut National des Sciences Appliquées Hauts-de-France (INSA Hauts-De-France), Reliable numerical approximations of dissipative systems [RAPSODI ], Laboratoire Paul Painlevé [LPP], Laboratoire d’Électrotechnique et d’Électronique de Puissance - ULR 2697 [L2EP], Laboratoire de Mathématiques et leurs Applications de Valenciennes - EA 4015 [LAMAV], and Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques [ENSMM]

Subjects
Estimator, 010103 numerical & computational mathematics, time-harmonic analysis, Nédélec and Raviart-Thomas elements, Finite Element Method, eddy current problem, 3D, A posteriori estimator, 01 natural sciences, Finite element method, law.invention, 010101 applied mathematics, Computational Mathematics, Computational Theory and Mathematics, law, Modeling and Simulation, Norm (mathematics), Eddy current, Applied mathematics, 0101 mathematics, [MATH.MATH-NA]Mathematics [math]/Numerical Analysis [math.NA], Mathematics
Abstract

In this paper a guaranteed equilibrated error estimator is developed for the 3D harmonic magnetodynamic problem of Maxwell’s system. This system is recasted in the classical A − φ potential formulation and solved by the Finite Element method. The error estimator is built starting from the A − φ numerical solution by a local flux reconstruction technique. Its equivalence with the error in the energy norm is established. A comparison of this estimator with an equilibrated error estimator already developed through a complementary problem points out the advantages and drawbacks of these two estimators. In particular, an analytical benchmark test illustrates the obtained theoretical results and a physical benchmark test shows the efficiency of these two estimators.

Published
2019

49. Predictive controller considering electrical constraints: a case example for five-phase induction machines

Author

Cristina Martin, Federico Barrero, Mario Bermudez, Xavier Kestelyn, Universidad de Sevilla, Laboratoire d’Électrotechnique et d’Électronique de Puissance - ULR 2697 (L2EP), Centrale Lille-Haute Etude d'Ingénieurs-Université de Lille-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM), Universidad de Sevilla / University of Sevilla, Laboratoire d’Électrotechnique et d’Électronique de Puissance - ULR 2697 [L2EP], Laboratoire d'Électrotechnique et d'Électronique de Puissance (L2EP) - ULR 2697, Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-JUNIA (JUNIA), and Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL)

Subjects
Stator, Computer science, 02 engineering and technology, Sciences de l'ingénieur, Electric current control, Asynchronous machines, law.invention, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], 0203 mechanical engineering, law, Control theory, Power convertors, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Torque, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Predictive control, Machine control, Stators, 020208 electrical & electronic engineering, 020302 automobile design & engineering, Power (physics), Model predictive control, Electromagnetic coil, Transient (oscillation)
Abstract

International audience; The modern control of power drives involves the consideration of electrical constraints in the regulator strategy, including voltage/current limits imposed by the power converter and the electrical machine, or magnetic saturation due to the iron core. This issue has been extensively analysed in conventional three-phase drives but rarely studied in multiphase ones, despite the current interest of the multiphase technology in high-power density, wide speed range or fault-tolerant applications. In this paper, a generalised controller using model-based predictive control techniques is introduced. The proposal is based on two cascaded predictive stages. First, a continuous stage generates the optimal stator current reference complying with the electrical limits of the drive to exploit its maximum performance characteristic. Then, a finite-control-set predictive controller regulates the stator current and generates the switching state in the power converter. A five-phase induction machine with concentrated windings is used as modern high-performance drive case example. This is a common multiphase drive that can be considered as a system with two frequency-domain control subspaces, where fundamental and third harmonic currents are orthogonal components involved in the torque production. Experimental results are provided to analyse the proposed controller, where optimal reference currents are generated and steady/transient states are studied.

Published
2019

50. 3-D Multi-Nodal Thermal Modelling for Fault-Tolerant Machine

Author

Riadh Boubaker, Eric Semail, Mohamed Trabelsi, Souad Harmand, Safouene Ouenzerfi, Hussein Zahr, Laboratoire d'Automatique, de Mécanique et d'Informatique industrielles et Humaines - UMR 8201 (LAMIH), Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche de l'Ecole Navale (IRENAV), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM), Laboratoire d’Électrotechnique et d’Électronique de Puissance - ULR 2697 (L2EP), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL), This work has been achieved within the framework of CE2I project. CE2I is co-financed by European Union with the financial support of European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), French State and the French Region of Hauts-de-France., Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-INSA Institut National des Sciences Appliquées Hauts-de-France (INSA Hauts-De-France), HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM), Centrale Lille-Haute Etude d'Ingénieurs-Université de Lille-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, Laboratoire d'Automatique, de Mécanique et d'Informatique industrielles et Humaines - UMR 8201 [LAMIH], Institut de Recherche de l'Ecole Navale [IRENAV], and Laboratoire d’Électrotechnique et d’Électronique de Puissance - ULR 2697 [L2EP]

Subjects
Fault operation mode, SAME code, Integrated drive, Computer science, business.industry, Work (physics), 020206 networking & telecommunications, Fault tolerance, 02 engineering and technology, Computational fluid dynamics, Sciences de l'ingénieur, 7. Clean energy, FEM electromagnetic simulation, Finite element method, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Control theory, Electromagnetic coil, Magnet, Thermal nodal model, Thermal, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Torque, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, business
Abstract

Even if intrinsically a five-phase machine can work with one opened phase, thermal constraints (temperatures in windings and Permanent Magnets) impose to decrease the mean torque in faulty operation mode. In order to elaborate optimum control which ensures safety and maximum torque, it is necessary to estimate in real-time the temperatures induced by the currents imposed in the remaining healthy windings of the machine. For a five-phase prototype, a multi-nodal thermal modelling which can take into account irregular losses and flow distribution has been developed. It is based on Electromagnetic FEM results for the losses and CFD calculation analysis. Results are presented in normal and faulty operation modes. This work has been achieved within the framework of CE2I project. CE2I is co-financed by European Union with the financial support of European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), French State and the French Region of Hauts-de-France.

Published
2019

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