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16 results on '"Lab Microbial Ecol '

1. Synthesis, structural characterization and spectroscopic studies of bis tetramethylammonium hexabromostannate [N(CH3)4]2SnBr6

Author

Akram Mhiri, François Goutenoire, Firas Krichen, Abderrazek Oueslati, Jérôme Lhoste, Mohamed Gargouri, Alain Bulou, Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans (IMMM), Le Mans Université (UM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Lab Microbial Ecol & Technol, and Université de Carthage - University of Carthage

Subjects
Materials science, Infrared spectroscopy, 02 engineering and technology, Crystal structure, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, symbols.namesake, Materials Chemistry, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Tetramethylammonium, Octahedral symmetry, Mechanical Engineering, Metals and Alloys, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0104 chemical sciences, Crystallography, chemistry, Octahedron, Mechanics of Materials, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], symbols, Density functional theory, 0210 nano-technology, Raman spectroscopy, Single crystal
Abstract

The compound [TMA]2SnBr6 (TMA = Tetramethylammonium = N(CH3)4) has been synthesized by slow evaporation and its crystal structure was determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The [TMA]2SnBr6 crystallizes in the cubic system (Fm 3 ¯ m space group) with cell parameter a = 13.2554(15) A. It can be considered as derived from a perovskite structure in which half of the octahedral symmetry sites are occupied by [SnBr6]2- octahedra and half by vacancies. The purity of the compound was checked by EDS measurement and Rietveld refinements. The Raman and infrared spectra at room temperature are recorded in the wavenumber range 10–3600 cm−1 and 400-4000 cm−1, respectively. Ab-initio calculations have been performed using the Gaussian 98 program at room temperature. Hartree-Fock (HF) and B3LYP density functional theory (DFT) methods with 6-31G (d) and LanL2DZ basis sets were used to obtain equilibrium geometry and the fundamental vibrational frequencies and spectroscopic intensities of the free polyhedra [(N(CH3)4]+ and [SnBr6]2-. The overall results are consistent with the experimental ones and group theory analysis, but also clearly show extra features that suggest disorder of the methyl groups of TMA.

Published
2019

2. Tripartite relationship between gut microbiota, intestinal mucus and fibers: towards preventive strategies against enteric infections

Author

Tom Van de Wiele, Lucie Etienne-Mesmin, Pascale Mosoni, Stéphanie Blanquet-Diot, Adeline Sivignon, Christophe M. Courtin, Thomas Sauvaitre, Microbiologie Environnement Digestif Santé (MEDIS), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l'Hôte (M2iSH), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne (CRNH d'Auvergne)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Laboratoire Systèmes Communicants (SysCom), Laboratoire SYstèmes et Matériaux pour la MEcatronique (SYMME), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Lab Microbial Ecol & Technol LabMET, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), and Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT)

Subjects
Dietary Fiber, Gastrointestinal Diseases, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Disease, enteric pathogens, Biology, Gut flora, Health outcomes, dietary fibers, Microbiology, digestive system, 03 medical and health sciences, Human gut, mucus, Humans, Microbiome, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Intestinal mucus, gut microbiota, 030306 microbiology, biology.organism_classification, Mucus, 3. Good health, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Intestines, Infectious Diseases, in vitro gut models, Digestive tract
Abstract

The human gut is inhabited by a large variety of microorganims involved in many physiological processes and collectively referred as to gut microbiota. Disrupted microbiome has been associated with negative health outcomes and especially could promote the onset of enteric infections. To sustain their growth and persistence within the human digestive tract, gut microbes and enteric pathogens rely on two main polysaccharide compartments, namely dietary fibers and mucus carbohydrates. Several evidences suggest that the three-way relationship between gut microbiota, dietary fibers and mucus layer could unravel the capacity of enteric pathogens to colonise the human digestive tract and ultimately lead to infection. The review starts by shedding light on similarities and differences between dietary fibers and mucus carbohydrates structures and functions. Next, we provide an overview of the interactions of these two components with the third partner, namely, the gut microbiota, under health and disease situations. The review will then provide insights into the relevance of using dietary fibers interventions to prevent enteric infections with a focus on gut microbial imbalance and impaired-mucus integrity. Facing the numerous challenges in studying microbiota–pathogen–dietary fiber-mucus interactions, we lastly describe the characteristics and potentialities of currently available in vitro models of the human gut.

Published
2021

3. Adaptation to high zinc depends on distinct mechanisms in metallicolous populations of Arabidopsis halleri

Author

Nathalie Verbruggen, Maxime Scheepers, Patrick Motte, Marc Hanikenne, Bernard Bosman, Monique Carnol, Cécile Nouet, Massimiliano Corso, M. Sol Schvartzman, Nazeer Fataftah, Université de Liège, Laboratoire de Physiologie et de Génétique Moléculaire des Plantes, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Centre de génétique moléculaire (CGM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Lab Plant & Microbial Ecol, Inst Bot B22, and Plant Biology Institute, Department of Life Sciences

Subjects
Chlorophyll, 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Physiology, Iron, Population, Arabidopsis, chemistry.chemical_element, Plant Science, Zinc, [SDV.BID]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity, Biology, Models, Biological, Plant Roots, 01 natural sciences, Transcriptome, 03 medical and health sciences, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, [SDV.BBM.GTP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN], Botany, Homeostasis, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, education, 2. Zero hunger, Principal Component Analysis, education.field_of_study, Geography, Gene Expression Profiling, Soil classification, [SDV.BBM.MN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular Networks [q-bio.MN], 15. Life on land, Adaptation, Physiological, Divergent evolution, [SDV.BV.AP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Plant breeding, Phenotype, 030104 developmental biology, chemistry, Bioaccumulation, Shoot, Adaptation, Plant Shoots, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

Zinc (Zn) hyperaccumulation and hypertolerance are highly variable traits in Arabidopsis halleri. Metallicolous populations have evolved from nearby nonmetallicolous populations in multiple independent adaptation events. To determine whether these events resulted in similar or divergent adaptive strategies to high soil Zn concentrations, we compared two A. halleri metallicolous populations from distant genetic units in Europe (Poland (PL22) and Italy (I16)). The ionomic (Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-AES)) and transcriptomic (RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq)) responses to growth at 5 and 150 μM Zn were analyzed in root and shoot tissues to examine the contribution of the geographic origin and treatment to variation among populations. These analyses were enabled by the generation of a reference A. halleri transcriptome assembly. The genetic unit accounted for the largest variation in the gene expression profile, whereas the two populations had contrasting Zn accumulation phenotypes and shared little common response to the Zn treatment. The PL22 population displayed an iron deficiency response at high Zn in roots and shoots, which may account for higher Zn accumulation. By contrast, I16, originating from a highly Zn-contaminated soil, strongly responded to control conditions. Our data suggest that distinct mechanisms support adaptation to high Zn in soils among A. halleri metallicolous populations.

Published
2018

4. Early stage litter decomposition across biomes

Author

Umberto Morra di Cella, Sean P. Charles, Matteo Gualmini, Naoko Tokuchi, Michael Mirtl, Marta Lobão Lopes, Takeshi Ise, Inmaculada García Quirós, Geovana Carreño-Rocabado, Arne Verstraeten, Joan-Albert Sanchez-Cabeza, Thomas Zechmeister, Jill Thompson, Norbert Hölzel, Maroof Hamid, Rodrigo Lemes Martins, Taiki Mori, José Marcelo Domingues Torezan, Dana Polyanskaya, Peter Haase, Björn Berg, Angela Stanisci, Issaka Senou, Inger Kappel Schmidt, Markus Wagner, Adriano Caliman, Laurel M. Brigham, Alejandro Valdecantos, Céline Meredieu, Kalifa Coulibaly, Margarida Santos-Reis, Georg Wohlfahrt, Regin Rønn, Marcello Tomaselli, Martin Weih, Bernd Ahrends, Kaie Kriiska, Anja Schmidt, Luciana S. Carneiro, Ana I. Lillebø, Alessandro Petraglia, Algirdas Augustaitis, Ana I. Sousa, Sonja Wipf, Chi-Ling Chen, Hassan Bismarck Nacro, Sue J. Milton, Ivan Mihal, Ika Djukic, Florence Maunoury-Danger, Peter Fleischer, Tatsuro Nakaji, Cendrine Mony, Sara Puijalon, Rafael D. Guariento, Rosa Isela Meneses, Mihai Pușcaș, Pablo Luis Peri, Flurin Sutter, Kate Lajtha, Peter B. Reich, Lindsey E. Rustad, María Guadalupe Almazán Torres, Laura Williams, George L. Vourlitis, Evanilde Benedito, Arely N. Palabral-Aguilera, Luis Villar, Stefanie Hoeber, Juan J. Jiménez, Esperança Gacia, Alba Gutiérrez-Girón, Kazuhiko Hoshizaki, Takanori Sato, Eric Lucot, Osvaldo Borges Pinto, Artur Stefanski, Andrew R. Smith, Takuo Hishi, Rosario G. Gavilán, Till Kleinebecker, Julia Seeber, Gina Arena, Marcelo Sternberg, Mo Jiangming, Tsutom Hiura, Satoshi N. Suzuki, Jeyanny Vijayanathan, Christine Delire, Francisco Cuesta, Bill Parker, Mark Frenzel, Franz Zehetner, Vincent Maire, Edward Crawford, Heinke Jäger, Nicolas Lecomte, Tanaka Kenta, Yuji Kominami, Joseph C. Morina, Paige E. Weber, Pavel Dan Turtureanu, Marc Lebouvier, Pascal Vittoz, Jónína Sigríður Þorláksdóttir, Anne Probst, David Fuentes Delgado, Laura Yahdjian, Johan Neirynck, Isaac Ahanamungu Makelele, Bernard Bosman, Fábio Padilha Bolzan, Yury Rozhkov, Ute Hamer, Henning Meesenburg, Vinicius F. Farjalla, Steffen Seitz, Marie-Noëlle Pons, Jess K. Zimmerman, Hans Verbeeck, Thomas Scholten, Elena Preda, Thomas Spiegelberger, Romain Georges, Stefan Löfgren, Ferdinand Kristöfel, Pierre Marmonier, Juha M. Alatalo, Katalin Szlavecz, Ana Carolina Ruiz Fernández, Johannes M. H. Knops, Rita Adrian, Vanessa Mendes Rêgo, Jean-Christophe Lata, Rafaella Canessa, Kathrin Käppeler, Andrea Fischer, Michael Bierbaumer, Jiří Doležal, Hideaki Shibata, Marcus Schaub, Zsolt Toth, Diyaa Radeideh, Matthew A. Vadeboncoeur, Robert Kanka, William H. McDowell, Birgit Sattler, Jean-Luc Probst, Mioko Ataka, Katarína Gerhátová, Jawad Shoqeir, Stefan Stoll, Michael Danger, Sébastien Gogo, Katja Tielbörger, Laryssa Helena Ribeiro Pazianoto, Bo Yang, Franco L. Souza, John Loehr, Francisco de Almeida Lobo, Michael J. Liddell, Sylvie Dousset, Dirk Wundram, Ralf Kiese, Yalin Hu, Miglena Zhiyanski, José-Luis Benito-Alonso, Katie A. Jennings, Tsutomu Enoki, Helena Cristina Serrano, Quentin Ponette, Helge Bruelheide, Simon Drollinger, Vincent Bretagnolle, Ivika Ostonen, Lambiénou Yé, Javier Roales, Philippe Choler, Madison Morley, Charles A. Nock, Grizelle González, Tudor-Mihai Ursu, Maaike Y. Bader, Cristina Branquinho, Hugo López Rosas, Nina V. Filippova, Erzsébet Hornung, Anzar A. Khuroo, Lourdes Morillas, Harald Auge, Andreas Bohner, Florian Kitz, Stephan Glatzel, Aurora Gaxiola, Marijn Bauters, Stefan Trogisch, Guylaine Canut, Oscar Romero, Hélène Verheyden, Yulia Zaika, Veronika Piscová, Michael Scherer-Lorenzen, Valentin H. Klaus, Elena Tropina, Michele Di Musciano, Marie-Andrée Giroux, Florian Hofhansl, Wenjun Zhou, Corinna Rebmann, Thomas J. Mozdzer, Zsolt Kotroczó, Evy Ampoorter, Michal Růžek, Jana Borovská, Jianwu Tang, Petr Petřík, Juan Dario Quinde, Simone Mereu, Esther Lévesque, Olga Ferlian, Veronika Fontana, Joël Merlet, Stacey M. Trevathan-Tackett, André-Jean Francez, Wentao Luo, Héctor Alejandro Bahamonde, Roberto Cazzolla Gatti, Brigitta Erschbamer, Christopher Andrews, Marie-Anne de Graaff, Martin Schädler, Luciano Di Martino, Verena Busch, Elli Groner, Victoria Carbonell, Michinari Matsushita, Maria Glushkova, Sarah Freda, Alain Paquette, Annie Ouin, Robert Weigel, Monique Carnol, Bohdan Juráni, Ian D. Yesilonis, Jean-Paul Theurillat, Hugo L. Rojas Villalobos, Alberto Humber, Martha Apple, Nico Eisenhauer, Claus Beier, Hermann F. Jungkunst, Hiroko Kurokawa, Nadia Barsoum, Thierry Camboulive, Klaus Steenberg Larsen, Frank Berninger, Laura Dienstbach, Yasuhiro Utsumi, Inara Melece, Felipe Varela, Sally Wittlinger, Christian Rixen, Valter Di Cecco, Anderson da Rocha Gripp, Marina Mazón, E. Carol Adair, Hanna Lee, István Fekete, Liesbeth van den Brink, José-Gilberto Cardoso-Mohedano, Ken Green, Heike Feldhaar, Jonathan von Oppen, Michele Carbognani, Lu Xiankai, Christophe Piscart, Fernando T. Maestre, Karibu Fukuzawa, Chiao-Ping Wang, Bart Muys, Lipeng Zhang, Harald Pauli, Inge van Halder, Carmen Eugenia Rodríguez Ortíz, Eduardo Ordóñez-Regil, Priscilla Muriel, Heather D. Alexander, Sebastian Kepfer-Rojas, Victoria Ochoa, Casper T. Christiansen, Mohammed Alsafran, Thaisa Sala Michelan, Christel Baum, Amélie Saillard, Hervé Jactel, Markus Didion, Evgeny A. Davydov, Sabyasachi Dasgupta, Anna Avila, Andrijana Andrić, Kris Verheyen, Jörg Löffler, Gisele Daiane Pinha, Anikó Seres, Jutta Stadler, Milan Barna, Andrey V. Malyshev, Rebecca E. Hewitt, Joh R. Henschel, Peter I. Macreadie, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Dept Forest & Water Management, Lab Forestry, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Centre for Forest Research (CFR), Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA ), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria = National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute for Climate and Atmospheric Science [Leeds] (ICAS), School of Earth and Environment [Leeds] (SEE), University of Leeds-University of Leeds, Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Dynamiques Forestières dans l'Espace Rural (DYNAFOR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, European Forest Institute = Institut Européen de la Forêt = Euroopan metsäinstituutti (EFI), Institute of Information Engineering [Beijing] (IIE), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), University of Rostock, WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department Computational Hydrosystems [UFZ Leipzig], Helmholtz Zentrum für Umweltforschung = Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Département de chimie-biologie & Centre d’études nordiques [CANADA], Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières (UQTR), Area de Biodiversidad y Conservaciín, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos [Madrid] (URJC), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Terre et Environnement de Lorraine (OTELo), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Institute of Soil Research, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien = University of Natural Resources and Life [Vienne, Autriche] (BOKU), Institute of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Computational & Applied Vegetation Ecology (CAVElab), Department Community Ecology [UFZ Leipzig], University of Vienna [Vienna], Institut du Développement rural (IDR), Université Polytechnique Nazi Boni Bobo-Dioulasso (UNB), Unité de recherche Comportement et Ecologie de la Faune Sauvage (CEFS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle Wittenberg (MLU), Tohoku University [Sendai], Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences [Tartu], University of Tartu, Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre alpien de Phytogéographie (CAP), Fondation Jean-Marcel Aubert, Inst Trop Ecosyst Studies, University of Puerto Rico (UPR), Universidad de Valladolid [Valladolid] (UVa), Mountain Agriculture Research Unit, Centre international de recherche-développement sur l'élevage en zone sub-humide (CIRDES), Centre Universitaire Polytechnique de Dédougou (CUP-D), Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo [Ouagadougou] (UJZK), USDA Forest Service, Instituto Pirenaico de Ecologia = Pyrenean Institute of Ecology (IPE), Station Biologique de Paimpont CNRS UMR 6653 (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology [Zurich], Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), Centre for Ecology - Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c) - Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa = University of Lisbon (ULISBOA), Canada Research in Northern Biodiversity, Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR), Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés (LRGP), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Zone Atelier du Bassin de la Moselle [LTSER France] (ZAM), Department of Crop Production Ecology, University of Freiburg, Forest Research Institute- BAS, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (BAS), Lab Plant & Microbial Ecol, Inst Bot B22, Université de Liège, Laboratoire Dynamique de la Biodiversité (LADYBIO), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Leipzig University, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster = University of Münster (WWU), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya [Barcelona] (UPC), Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), Department of Limnology and Conservation, Senckenberg Research Institutes and Natural History Museums, Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota [Twin Cities] (UMN), University of Minnesota System-University of Minnesota System, Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung - Atmosphärische Umweltforschung (IMK-IFU), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biogéosystèmes Continentaux - UMR7327, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Department of Science for Nature and Natural Resources, Università degli Studi di Sassari = University of Sassari [Sassari] (UNISS), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Tomakomai Research Station, Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University [Sapporo, Japan], Bangor University, Technische Universität Dresden = Dresden University of Technology (TU Dresden), Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), LTSER «Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sevre» [France], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Condensed Matter Theory Laboratory RIKEN (RIKEN), RIKEN - Institute of Physical and Chemical Research [Japon] (RIKEN), 730938, Biological Interactions Doctoral Programme, Secretaría de Educación Superior, Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación, 2/0101/18, Scientific Grant Agency VEGA, 2190, Fundación Charles Darwin, UID/AMB/50017, Centro de Estudos Ambientais e Marinhos, Universidade de Aveiro, ILTER Initiative Grant, ClimMani Short-Term Scientific Missions Grant, ES1308-231015-068365, Austrian Environment Agency, SFRH/BPD/107823/2015, Portuguese Foundation, DEB-1557009, NSF, UID/BIA/00329/2013, Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), University of Helsinki, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien [Vienne, Autriche] (BOKU), Groupe d'étude de l'atmosphère météorologique (CNRM-GAME), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre alpien de Phytogéographie, Fondation J.-M. Aubert, Centre international de recherche-développement sur l'élevage en zone Subhumide (CIRDES), Centre international de recherche-développement sur l'élevage en zone Subhumide, Instituto Pirenaico de Ecologia (IPE), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), University of Lisbon, Université de Leipzig, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster (WWU), Université de Lausanne (UNIL), University of Sassari, Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse (ENSAT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Leopold Franzens Universität Innsbruck - University of Innsbruck, Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Instituto Pirenaico de Ecologìa = Pyrenean Institute of Ecology [Zaragoza] (IPE - CSIC), Université de Rennes (UR), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - INRA (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Météo France (FRANCE), UCL - SST/ELI/ELIE - Environmental Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Avalanche Research WSL, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences - Department of Forest Soils, Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Spanish National Institute for Agriculture and Food Research and Technology (INIA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Science Politique Relations Internationales Territoire (SPIRIT), Université Montesquieu - Bordeaux 4-Institut d'Études Politiques [IEP] - Bordeaux-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), University of Rostock [Germany], Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Universiteit Gent [Ghent], Laboratoire de Comportement et d'Ecologie de la Faune Sauvage, INRA, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan cedex, France, Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (IEES), Universidad de Puerto Rico, Centre Universitaire Polytechnique de Dédougou, Université de Ouagadougou, Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología, IPE-CSIC, University of Zürich [Zürich] (UZH), LTSER Zone Atelier du Bassin de la Moselle, Helmholtz Zentrum für Umweltforschung (UFZ), Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, University of Minnesota [Twin Cities], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Hokkaido University, Technische Universität Dresden (TUD), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR), LTSER Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sèvre, Djukic I., Kepfer-Rojas S., Schmidt I.K., Larsen K.S., Beier C., Berg B., Verheyen K., Caliman A., Paquette A., Gutierrez-Giron A., Humber A., Valdecantos A., Petraglia A., Alexander H., Augustaitis A., Saillard A., Fernandez A.C.R., Sousa A.I., Lillebo A.I., da Rocha Gripp A., Francez A.-J., Fischer A., Bohner A., Malyshev A., Andric A., Smith A., Stanisci A., Seres A., Schmidt A., Avila A., Probst A., Ouin A., Khuroo A.A., Verstraeten A., Palabral-Aguilera A.N., Stefanski A., Gaxiola A., Muys B., Bosman B., Ahrends B., Parker B., Sattler B., Yang B., Jurani B., Erschbamer B., Ortiz C.E.R., Christiansen C.T., Carol Adair E., Meredieu C., Mony C., Nock C.A., Chen C.-L., Wang C.-P., Baum C., Rixen C., Delire C., Piscart C., Andrews C., Rebmann C., Branquinho C., Polyanskaya D., Delgado D.F., Wundram D., Radeideh D., Ordonez-Regil E., Crawford E., Preda E., Tropina E., Groner E., Lucot E., Hornung E., Gacia E., Levesque E., Benedito E., Davydov E.A., Ampoorter E., Bolzan F.P., Varela F., Kristofel F., Maestre F.T., Maunoury-Danger F., Hofhansl F., Kitz F., Sutter F., Cuesta F., de Almeida Lobo F., de Souza F.L., Berninger F., Zehetner F., Wohlfahrt G., Vourlitis G., Carreno-Rocabado G., Arena G., Pinha G.D., Gonzalez G., Canut G., Lee H., Verbeeck H., Auge H., Pauli H., Nacro H.B., Bahamonde H.A., Feldhaar H., Jager H., Serrano H.C., Verheyden H., Bruelheide H., Meesenburg H., Jungkunst H., Jactel H., Shibata H., Kurokawa H., Rosas H.L., Rojas Villalobos H.L., Yesilonis I., Melece I., Van Halder I., Quiros I.G., Makelele I., Senou I., Fekete I., Mihal I., Ostonen I., Borovska J., Roales J., Shoqeir J., Lata J.-C., Theurillat J.-P., Probst J.-L., Zimmerman J., Vijayanathan J., Tang J., Thompson J., Dolezal J., Sanchez-Cabeza J.-A., Merlet J., Henschel J., Neirynck J., Knops J., Loehr J., von Oppen J., Thorlaksdottir J.S., Loffler J., Cardoso-Mohedano J.-G., Benito-Alonso J.-L., Torezan J.M., Morina J.C., Jimenez J.J., Quinde J.D., Alatalo J., Seeber J., Stadler J., Kriiska K., Coulibaly K., Fukuzawa K., Szlavecz K., Gerhatova K., Lajtha K., Kappeler K., Jennings K.A., Tielborger K., Hoshizaki K., Green K., Ye L., Pazianoto L.H.R., Dienstbach L., Williams L., Yahdjian L., Brigham L.M., van den Brink L., Rustad L., Zhang L., Morillas L., Xiankai L., Carneiro L.S., Di Martino L., Villar L., Bader M.Y., Morley M., Lebouvier M., Tomaselli M., Sternberg M., Schaub M., Santos-Reis M., Glushkova M., Torres M.G.A., Giroux M.-A., de Graaff M.-A., Pons M.-N., Bauters M., Mazon M., Frenzel M., Didion M., Wagner M., Hamid M., Lopes M.L., Apple M., Schadler M., Weih M., Gualmini M., Vadeboncoeur M.A., Bierbaumer M., Danger M., Liddell M., Mirtl M., Scherer-Lorenzen M., Ruzek M., Carbognani M., Di Musciano M., Matsushita M., Zhiyanski M., Puscas M., Barna M., Ataka M., Jiangming M., Alsafran M., Carnol M., Barsoum N., Tokuchi N., Eisenhauer N., Lecomte N., Filippova N., Holzel N., Ferlian O., Romero O., Pinto O.B., Peri P., Weber P., Vittoz P., Turtureanu P.D., Fleischer P., Macreadie P., Haase P., Reich P., Petrik P., Choler P., Marmonier P., Muriel P., Ponette Q., Guariento R.D., Canessa R., Kiese R., Hewitt R., Ronn R., Adrian R., Kanka R., Weigel R., Gatti R.C., Martins R.L., Georges R., Meneses R.I., Gavilan R.G., Dasgupta S., Wittlinger S., Puijalon S., Freda S., Suzuki S., Charles S., Gogo S., Drollinger S., Mereu S., Wipf S., Trevathan-Tackett S., Lofgren S., Stoll S., Trogisch S., Hoeber S., Seitz S., Glatzel S., Milton S.J., Dousset S., Mori T., Sato T., Ise T., Hishi T., Kenta T., Nakaji T., Michelan T.S., Camboulive T., Mozdzer T.J., Scholten T., Spiegelberger T., Zechmeister T., Kleinebecker T., Hiura T., Enoki T., Ursu T.-M., di Cella U.M., Hamer U., Klaus V.H., Rego V.M., Di Cecco V., Busch V., Fontana V., Piscova V., Carbonell V., Ochoa V., Bretagnolle V., Maire V., Farjalla V., Zhou W., Luo W., McDowell W.H., Hu Y., Utsumi Y., Kominami Y., Zaika Y., Rozhkov Y., Kotroczo Z., Toth Z., and Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE)

Subjects
DYNAMICS, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Biome, Biochimie, Biologie Moléculaire, Carbon turnover, 01 natural sciences, CARBON, Waste Management and Disposal, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, CLIMATE-CHANGE, биомы, Tea bag, Green tea, Rooibos tea, Carbon turnover, TeaComposition initiative, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Pollution, Environmental chemistry, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Terrestrial ecosystem, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Biologie, TRAITS, Rooibos tea, IMPACTS, Environmental Engineering, почвенные процессы, chemistry.chemical_element, Climate change, Environmental Sciences & Ecology, Ingénierie de l'environnement, Green tea, Tea bag, TeaComposition initiative, Ecology and Environment, Atmosphere, подстилки, Environmental Chemistry, Ecosystem, RATES, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, оборот углерода, Science & Technology, Tea composition initiative, FEEDBACK, 15. Life on land, Decomposition, влияние климата, TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS, MODEL, экосистемы, chemistry, 13. Climate action, PATTERNS, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, Litter, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften, Biologie::577 Ökologie, Carbon, Environmental Sciences
Abstract

Through litter decomposition enormous amounts of carbon is emitted to the atmosphere. Numerous large-scale decomposition experiments have been conducted focusing on this fundamental soil process in order to understand the controls on the terrestrial carbon transfer to the atmosphere. However, previous studies were mostly based on site-specific litter and methodologies, adding major uncertainty to syntheses, comparisons and meta-analyses across different experiments and sites. In the TeaComposition initiative, the potential litter decomposition is investigated by using standardized substrates (Rooibos and Green tea) for comparison of litter mass loss at 336 sites (ranging from -9 to +26 °C MAT and from 60 to 3113 mm MAP) across different ecosystems. In this study we tested the effect of climate (temperature and moisture), litter type and land-use on early stage decomposition (3 months) across nine biomes. We show that litter quality was the predominant controlling factor in early stage litter decomposition, which explained about 65% of the variability in litter decomposition at a global scale. The effect of climate, on the other hand, was not litter specific and explained

Published
2018

5. Comparison of carboxypeptidase Y and thermolysin for ochratoxin A electrochemical biosensing

Author

Joëlle Saulnier, Mouna Marrakchi, Nicole Jaffrezic-Renault, Florence Lagarde, Fatma Dridi, Mohamed Gargouri, Lab Microbial Ecol & Technol, Université de Carthage - University of Carthage, Interfaces & biosensors - Interfaces & biocapteurs, Institut des Sciences Analytiques (ISA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and This work was supported through the project Utique no. Project no. 12G0911, for the financial support. F. Dridi thanks the Ministry of Higher Education of Tunisia and French Institute of Tunis for the mobility grant.

Subjects
Ochratoxin A, Detection limit, ENZYME, Chromatography, STABILITY, PROTEINS, General Chemical Engineering, General Engineering, ASPERGILLUS-NIGER, PEPTIDES, DEGRADATION, HYDROLYSIS, Analytical Chemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, Microelectrode, Hydrolysis, chemistry, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, Thermolysin, Electrode, Glutaraldehyde, Biosensor
Abstract

International audience; Herein, carboxypeptidase Y (CPY) and thermolysin (TLN) were compared as sensing elements to develop an original biosensor for the direct detection of ochratoxin A (OTA) in olive oil. Electrochemical detection of OTA was performed using biosensors containing either CPY or TLN immobilized through glutaraldehyde vapor cross-linking onto gold interdigitated microelectrodes. Different parameters affecting biosensor sensitivity towards OTA were first optimized. TLN and CPY exhibited an optimal activity under the same conditions: 35 min cross-linking time, working pH of 7 and temperature of 25 degrees C. TLN and CPY biosensors exhibited comparable analytical performances. The conductometric response of both modified electrodes was linear up to 75 mu M. The limits of detection were also very similar (1 mu M for the CPY biosensor and 0.7 mu M for the TLN biosensor). For both enzymes, initial rate vs. OTA concentration plots could be described by hyperbolic curves consistent with the Michaelis-Menten model. K-M(app) and V-max(app), deduced from these curves, were 26 mu M and 3.3 mu S min(-1) respectively for the TLN biosensor. The biosensors signal was reproducible, relative standard deviations calculated from three consecutive measurements of standards in the 1-75 mu M range, being lower than 5%. The signals were also very stable over a 30 days period when biosensors were stored at 4 degrees C in 20 mM phosphate buffer between two measurements. The TLN biosensor was further evaluated for OTA determination in spiked olive oil samples. Recovery values were close to 100% demonstrating the suitability of this method for OTA screening in olive oil. Interestingly, OTA concentrations could be determined without pretreatment of the sample and no matrix effect was observed.

Published
2015

6. Impact of polyphenols from black tea and red wine/grape juice on a gut model microbiome

Author

Massimo Marzorati, Joël Doré, Sam Possemiers, Gabriele Gross, Elaine E. Vaughan, Rober A. Kemperman, Tom Van de Wiele, Stanislas Mondot, Lab Microbial Ecol & Technol LabMET, Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), MICrobiologie de l'ALImentation au Service de la Santé (MICALIS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, European Community [MTKI-CT-2006-042786], and Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT)

Subjects
Polyphenol, [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, 030309 nutrition & dietetics, Context (language use), DIETARY POLYPHENOLS, Gut flora, Wine grape, Dietary Polyphenol, 03 medical and health sciences, INTESTINAL MICROBIOTA, HUMAN-ORIGIN, Gut, Microbiome, Food science, REAL-TIME PCR, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, SHIME, biology, 030306 microbiology, Microbiota, food and beverages, Akkermansia, IN-VITRO, AKKERMANSIA-MUCINIPHILA, biology.organism_classification, WINE POLYPHENOLS, SP-NOV, Antimicrobial, HUMAN FECAL MICROBIOTA, HUMAN FECES, Akkermansia muciniphila, Food Science
Abstract

Food and beverage products derived from fruit and vegetables contain polyphenols, which have been associated with various health benefits. Polyphenols may influence health through direct uptake in the intestine but also upon interaction with the gut microbiota for example by modification of the microbial composition or by conversion of the polyphenols to further bioactive compounds. So far, there are limited studies of complex polyphenols on the human gut microbiota especially using modern molecular technologies. Most studies investigating effects of dietary polyphenols have focused on single molecules or bacterial strains. In the current study, an in vitro gut microbial ecosystem, namely simulator of the intestinal microbial ecosystem (SHIME), was challenged with either a black tea or a red wine grape extract (RWGE), both containing complex dietary polyphenol mixtures. Within the context of the model system, the effects of these interventions on both microbial numbers and composition as well as metabolite levels were assessed. Antimicrobial effects, largely confined to unculturable members of the ecosystem, were revealed by complementary microbiological techniques. Pyrosequencing analysis showed a shift in the Firmicutes:Bacteroidetes ratio for both interventions. Black tea stimulated Klebsiella, enterococci and Akkermansia and reduced bifidobacteria, B. coccoides, Anaeroglobus and Victivallis. RWGE promoted growth of Klebsiella, Alistipes, Cloacibacillus, Victivallis and Akkermansia while bifidobacteria, B. coccoides, Anaeroglobus, Subdoligranulum and Bacteroides were decreased. The study shows that these complex polyphenols in the context of a model system can modulate select members of the human gut microbiota. These members represent novel targets of polyphenol degrading or resistant microbes to be validated under physiological conditions in vivo and further investigated for polyphenol metabolism or resistance mechanisms. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Published
2013

7. Biotic homogenization can decrease landscape-scale forest multifunctionality

Author

Harriet Milligan, Miguel A. Zavala, Sandra Mueller, Lander Baeten, Santiago Soliveres, Peter Manning, Tommaso Jucker, Bogdan Jaroszewicz, Hervé Jactel, Arthur Gessler, Olivier Bouriaud, Andrea Coppi, Fons van der Plas, Kris Verheyen, Hans De Wandeler, Damien Bonal, Stephan Hättenschwiler, Diem Nguyen, Evy Ampoorter, Bart Muys, Monique Carnol, Dawid Zielinski, Christian Wirth, David A. Coomes, Lars Vesterdal, Leena Finér, Timo Domisch, Jan Stenlid, Virginie Guyot, Michael Scherer-Lorenzen, Karsten Raulund-Rasmussen, Helge Bruelheide, Julia Koricheva, Adam Benneter, Fernando Valladares, Eric Allan, Sophia Ratcliffe, Federico Selvi, Bastien Castagneyrol, Yohan Charbonnier, Christina C. Bestias, André Granier, François-Xavier Joly, Seid Muhie Dawud, Martina Pollastrini, Charlotte Grossiord, Raquel Benavides, Filippo Bussotti, Markus Fischer, Jürgen Bauhus, Luc Barbaro, Coomes, David Anthony [0000-0002-8261-2582], Gessler, Arthur [0000-0002-1910-9589], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, University of Bern, Senckenberg biodiversität und klima forschungszentrum (BIK-F), Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg (SGN), Faculty of Biology/Geobotany, University of Freiburg [Freiburg], Dept Forest & Water Management, Lab Forestry, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Departamento de Ecología, Universidad de Alcalá - University of Alcalá (UAH), Department of Forest and Water Management, Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Biology, Terrestrial Ecology Unit, Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Chair of Silviculture, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières [devient SILVA en 2018] (EEF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Universitatea Stefan cel Mare Suceava (USU), Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft - German Research Foundation (DFG), Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle Wittenberg (MLU), Dept Agri Food Prod & Environm Sci, Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), Lab Plant & Microbial Ecol, Inst Bot B22, Université de Liège, Bretagne Vivante, University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN), Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Finnish Forest Research Institute, Forest Dynam, Swiss Federal Research Institute, Earth and Environmental Sciences Division [Los Alamos], Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), University of Warsaw (UW), Centre de recherche sur l'Inflammation (CRI (UMR_S_1149 / ERL_8252 / U1149)), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de Gastroentérologie [Hôpital Beaujon], Hôpital Beaujon [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Forest Ecology and Conservation Group, Department of Plant Sciences, Royal Holloway [University of London] (RHUL), Division of Forest, Nature and Landscape, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Leuven] (EES), Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven)-Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Institut für Spezielle Botanik und Funktionelle Biodiversität, Universität Leipzig [Leipzig], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Uniwersytet Warszawski, Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Institute of Food Chemistry, Universität Hamburg (UHH)-Universität Hamburg (UHH), The research leading to these results received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under Grant Agreement 265171., Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), European Commission, Allan, Eric [0000-0001-9641-9436], Albert Ludwigs University, Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Universiteit Gent [Ghent], German Research Foundation, University of Florence (UNIFI), Biodiversité, Gènes et Communautés, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Università degli Studi di Firenze [Firenze], Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3), Hôpital Beaujon, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Allan, Eric

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Databases, Factual, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Forest management, Homogenization (climate), Biodiversity, Forests, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Corrections, Models, Biological, Environmental science, Trees, β-diversity, Ecosystem functioning, FunDivEUROPE, Spatial scale, Multidisciplinary, Ecosystem, Computer Simulation, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, spatial scale, Ecology, Beta-diversity, Forestry, 15. Life on land, Europe, Geography, Medio Ambiente, ecosystem functioning, Species richness, Tree species
Abstract

Many experiments have shown that local biodiversity loss impairs the ability of ecosystems to maintain multiple ecosystem functions at high levels (multifunctionality). In contrast, the role of biodiversity in driving ecosystem multifunctionality at landscape scales remains unresolved. We used a comprehensive pan-European dataset, including 16 ecosystem functions measured in 209 forest plots across six European countries, and performed simulations to investigate how local plot-scale richness of tree species (α-diversity) and their turnover between plots (β-diversity) are related to landscape-scale multifunctionality. After accounting for variation in environmental conditions, we found that relationships between α-diversity and landscape-scale multifunctionality varied from positive to negative depending on the multifunctionality metric used. In contrast, when significant, relationships between β-diversity and landscape-scale multifunctionality were always positive, because a high spatial turnover in species composition was closely related to a high spatial turnover in functions that were supported at high levels. Our findings have major implications for forest management and indicate that biotic homogenization can have previously unrecognized and negative consequences for large-scale ecosystem multifunctionality., The research leading to these results received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under Grant Agreement 265171.

Published
2016

8. Management of Microbial Communities through Transient Disturbances Enhances the Functional Resilience of Nitrifying Gas-Biofilters to Future Disturbances

Author

Léa Cabrol, Jean-Louis Fanlo, Anne-Sophie Lepeuple, Franck Poly, Luc Malhautier, Catherine Lerondelle, Thomas Pommier, Xavier Le Roux, Willy Verstraete, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Laboratoire de Génie de l'Environnement Industriel ( LGEI ), IMT - Mines Alès Ecole Mines - Télécom ( IMT - MINES ALES ), Veolia Environnement, Ecologie microbienne ( EM ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon ( ENVL ) -Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -VetAgro Sup ( VAS ), Lab Microbial Ecol & Technol LabMET, Ghent University [Belgium] ( UGENT ), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso (PUCV), Laboratoire de Génie de l'Environnement Industriel (LGEI), IMT - MINES ALES (IMT - MINES ALES), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne - UMR 5557 (LEM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon (ENVL)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS), Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon (ENVL), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Veolia Environnement Recherche et Innovation (VERI), Maisons Laffitte, France through ANRT agreement CIFRE [2006/497], and Veolia Environnement Recherche et Innovation (VERI), Maisons Laffitte, France through a 'Contrat de Cooperation dans le Cadre d'Etudes et de Recherches' established in 2006 between Veolia, LEM-CNRS and ARMINES-EMA

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, [SDV.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biotechnology, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Microbial Consortia, Nitrobacter, Nitrosomonas eutropha, [ SDV.MP.BAC ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, [ SDE.IE ] Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, 03 medical and health sciences, Ammonia, Environmental Chemistry, Ecosystem, Bioprocess, Nitrosomonas, Nitrites, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, biology, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, Environmental engineering, [ SDV.BIO ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biotechnology, General Chemistry, biology.organism_classification, Nitrification, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, Nitrobacter hamburgensis, [ SDE.MCG ] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, 030104 developmental biology, Environmental biotechnology, 13. Climate action, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract

International audience; Microbial communities have a key role for the performance of engineered ecosystems such as waste gas biofilters. Maintaining constant performance despite fluctuating environmental conditions is of prime interest, but it is highly challenging because the mechanisms that drive the response of microbial communities to disturbances still have to be disentangled. Here we demonstrate that the bioprocess performance and stability can be improved and reinforced in the face of disturbances, through a rationally predefined strategy of microbial resource management (MRM). This strategy was experimentally validated in replicated pilot-scale nitrifying gas-biofilters, for the two steps of nitrification. The associated biological mechanisms were unraveled through analysis of functions, abundances and community compositions for the major actors of nitrification in these biofilters, that is, ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and Nitrobacter-like nitrite-oxidizers (NOB). Our MRM strategy, based on the application of successive, transient perturbations of increasing intensity, enabled to steer the nitrifier community in a favorable way through the selection of more resistant AOB and NOB sharing functional gene sequences close to those of, respectively, Nitrosomonas eutropha and Nitrobacter hamburgensis that are well adapted to high N load. The induced community shifts resulted in significant enhancement of nitrification resilience capacity following the intense perturbation.

Published
2016

9. Thermolysin entrapped in a gold nanoparticles/polymer composite for direct and sensitive conductometric biosensing of ochratoxin A in olive oil

Author

Mohamed Gargouri, Fatma Dridi, Joëlle Saulnier, Sergei V. Dzyadevych, Francis Vocanson, Mouna Marrakchi, Alvaro Garcia-Cruz, Florence Lagarde, Nicole Jaffrezic-Renault, Lab Microbial Ecol & Technol, Université de Carthage - University of Carthage, Interfaces & biosensors - Interfaces & biocapteurs, Institut des Sciences Analytiques (ISA), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut supérieur des sciences biologiques appliquées de Tunis = Higher Institute of Applied Biological Sciences of Tunis (ISSBAT), Université de Tunis El Manar (UTM), Micro & Nanobiotechnologies, Laboratoire Hubert Curien [Saint Etienne] (LHC), Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), This work was supported through PHC Utique programme (project no 12G0911), by NATO's Public Diplomacy Division in the framework of 'Science for Peace' (project CBP. NUKR SFP 984173) and EU through IRSES Marie Curie NANODEV project no 318524. F. Dridi thanks the Ministry of Higher Education of Tunisia and French Institute of Tunis for her mobility grants., European Project: 318524,EC:FP7:PEOPLE,FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IRSES,NANODEV(2013), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Hubert Curien (LHC), and Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Conductometric biosensor, AFLATOXIN B-1, Thermolysin, ASPERGILLUS-NIGER, 02 engineering and technology, macromolecular substances, Polyethylenimine, 01 natural sciences, Polyvinyl alcohol, chemistry.chemical_compound, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, Materials Chemistry, WATER, Gold nanoparticles, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, BOVINE SERUM-ALBUMIN, Instrumentation, IMPEDIMETRIC APTASENSOR, LABEL-FREE, Detection limit, Chromatography, MYCOTOXINS, 010401 analytical chemistry, Metals and Alloys, technology, industry, and agriculture, Substrate (chemistry), ELECTROCHEMICAL IMMUNOSENSOR, Ochratoxin A, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, 0104 chemical sciences, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, chemistry, IMMOBILIZATION, 13. Climate action, Colloidal gold, Glutaraldehyde, LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY, 0210 nano-technology, Biosensor, Olive oil
Abstract

International audience; An original biosensor was developed for the direct conductometric detection of ochratoxin A (OTA) in olive oil samples. The biosensor is based on thermolysin (TLN) immobilization into a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/polyethylenimine (PEI) matrix containing gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and cross-linked at the surface of gold interdigitated microelectrodes using glutaraldehyde. Under optimal conditions (35 min cross-linking time, working pH of 7 and temperature of 25 degrees C), the biosensor response was linear up to 60 nM OTA, with a sensitivity of 597 mu S mu M-1 and a limit of detection of 1 nM. This value was 700 times lower than the detection limit obtained using the more classical method based on enzyme cross-linking in the presence of bovine serum albumin (BSA). PVA/PEI hydrogel creates a very favorable aqueous environment for the enzyme. In addition, interactions between protonated amino groups of PEI and negative charges of both citrated AuNPs and thermolysin improve their dispersion in the polymer blend, favoring enzyme stabilization and accessibility of the substrate. No conductometric signal was observed after OTA injection in the absence of AuNPs, in agreement with the insulating properties of the cross-linked PVA/PEI hydrogel film. Incorporation of AuNPs into the TLN/BSA biomembrane helped improving the sensitivity by 5.3 but this latter remained 140 times lower than the sensitivity of TLN/AuNPs/(PVA/PEI) biosensor. The study of enzyme kinetics showed that V-i vs [OTA] plot exhibited a non-hyperbolic trend, indicating that kinetics does not display a Michaelis-Menten behavior. Biosensor response times are longer (7-48 min) comparatively to TLN/BSA biosensor with a maximal value of 25 min. This difference is due to the diffusion phenomenon through the pores of the polymer membrane. The proposed OTA biosensor was very reproducible with a relative standard deviations (RSDs) in the 3-15% range and stable over a 30-days period when stored at 4 degrees C in 20 mM phosphate buffer between two measurements. The method was further evaluated using commercial doped olive oil samples. No pretreatment of the sample was needed for testing and no matrix effect was observed. Recovery values were close to 100% demonstrating the suitability of the proposed method for OTA screening in olive oil.

Published
2015

10. Metabolic fate of polyphenols in the human superorganism

Author

Ewoud J. J. van Velzen, Age K. Smilde, Sam Possemiers, Rober A. Kemperman, John P. M. van Duynhoven, Gabriele Gross, Elaine E. Vaughan, Doris M. Jacobs, Joël Doré, Tom Van de Wiele, Laure C. Roger, Johan A. Westerhuis, NL-3133 AT, Unilever R&D, Swammerdam Inst Life Sci, University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA), Lab Microbial Ecol & Technol, Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), MICrobiologie de l'ALImentation au Service de la Santé (MICALIS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, European Community [MTKI-CT-2006-042786], van Duynhoven, John, Vaughan, Elaine E., Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences (SILS), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Jeffrey I. Gordon, and Biosystems Data Analysis (SILS, FNWI)

Subjects
[SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, 030309 nutrition & dietetics, HUMULUS-LUPULUS L, Microbial metabolism, Gut flora, Mice, NUTRITION RESEARCH, GUT MICROFLORA, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, biology, CONTINUOUS-CULTURE SYSTEM, food and beverages, metabolomics, GASTROINTESTINAL-TRACT, polyphenol bioconversion, gut microbiota, metagenomics, microbiomics, MICROBIAL FERMENTATION PRODUCTS, 8-PRENYLNARINGENIN IN-VITRO, RED WINE POLYPHENOLS, INTESTINAL MICROBIOTA, DIETARY POLYPHENOLS, Colon, Colloquium Papers, Biological Availability, Models, Biological, Systemic circulation, 03 medical and health sciences, Metabolomics, Phenols, Animals, Humans, 030304 developmental biology, Flavonoids, Bacteria, business.industry, Superorganism, Polyphenols, biology.organism_classification, Diet, Biotechnology, Metagenomics, Polyphenol, Humanized mouse, Metagenome, business
Abstract

Dietary polyphenols are components of many foods such as tea, fruit, and vegetables and are associated with several beneficial health effects although, so far, largely based on epidemiological studies. The intact forms of complex dietary polyphenols have limited bioavailability, with low circulating levels in plasma. A major part of the polyphenols persists in the colon, where the resident microbiota produce metabolites that can undergo further metabolism upon entering systemic circulation. Unraveling the complex metabolic fate of polyphenols in this human superorganism requires joint deployment of in vitro and humanized mouse models and human intervention trials. Within these systems, the variation in diversity and functionality of the colonic microbiota can increasingly be captured by rapidly developing microbiomics and metabolomics technologies. Furthermore, metabolomics is coming to grips with the large biological variation superimposed on relatively subtle effects of dietary interventions. In particular when metabolomics is deployed in conjunction with a longitudinal study design, quantitative nutrikinetic signatures can be obtained. These signatures can be used to define nutritional phenotypes with different kinetic characteristics for the bioconversion capacity for polyphenols. Bottom-up as well as top-down approaches need to be pursued to link gut microbial diversity to functionality in nutritional phenotypes and, ultimately, to bioactivity of polyphenols. This approach will pave the way for personalization of nutrition based on gut microbial functionality of individuals or populations.

Published
2011

11. Synthesis, crystal structure and high temperature phase transition in the new organic–inorganic hybrid [N(C4H9)4]3Zn2Cl7H2O crystals

Author

Mohamed Gargouri, Abderrazek Oueslati, Jérôme Lhoste, Alain Bulou, Malika Ben Gzaiel, Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans (IMMM), Le Mans Université (UM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Lab Microbial Ecol & Technol, Université de Carthage - University of Carthage, Laboratoire de physique de l'état condensé (LPEC), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Le Mans Université (UM)

Subjects
Phase transition, Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Analytical chemistry, Infrared spectroscopy, Activation energy, Crystal structure, Analytical Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, symbols.namesake, Differential scanning calorimetry, symbols, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], Raman spectroscopy, Critical exponent, Spectroscopy, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Monoclinic crystal system
Abstract

The present paper accounts for the synthesis, crystal structure, differential scanning calorimetry and vibrational spectroscopy of a new compound tri-tetrabutylammonium heptachloro–dizincate (I) grown at room temperature by slow evaporation of aqueous solution. From X-ray diffraction data collected at room temperature, it is concluded that it crystallizes in the monoclinic system (P21/n space group) containing ZnCl42− and ZnCl3H2O1− tetrahedra. The atomic arrangement can be described by an alternation of organic and organic–inorganic layers stacked along the c direction. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) in the range 250–450 K disclosed a reversible structural phase transition of order–disorder type at 358 K, prior to the melting at 395 K. The temperature dependence of the Raman spectra of [N(C4H9)4]3Zn2Cl7H2O single crystals was studied in the spectral range 100–3500 cm−1 and for temperatures between 300 and 386 K. The most important changes are observed for the line at 261 cm−1 issued from ν1(ZnCl4). The analysis of the wavenumber, intensity and the line width based on an order–disorder model allowed to obtain information relative to the activation energy and the correlation length. The decrease of the activation energy with increasing temperature has been interpreted in term of a change in the re-orientation motion of the anionic parts. The assumption of cluster fluctuations also allowed the critical exponents to be obtained for the transition δ = 0.011 and the correlation length ξ0 = 598 A.

Published
2015

12. Monophyletic group of unclassified γ-Proteobacteria dominates in mixed culture biofilm of high-performing oxygen reducing biocathode

Author

Frédéric Barrière, Matthieu Picot, Cees J.N. Buisman, Nico Boon, Jan Arends, Anton Hartmann, Tina Sieper, Michael Rothballer, Michael Schmid, David P.B.T.B. Strik, Helmholtz Zentrum München = German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Lab Microbial Ecol & Technol LabMET, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), This research is supported by funding from the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme FP7/2007–2013 under Grant Agreement No. 226532, Helmholtz-Zentrum München (HZM), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Shleev, Sergey, Gorton, Lo, and Bergel, Alain

Subjects
Microbial fuel cell, Bioelectric Energy Sources, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, 454 amplicon sequencing, ELECTRICITY, 01 natural sciences, Oxygen, ELECTROCHEMICAL REDUCTION, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S, Electrochemistry, [CHIM.ORGA]Chemical Sciences/Organic chemistry, 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA, IN-SITU, Biofilm, General Medicine, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, BACTERIA, POPULATIONS, Milieutechnologie, Proteobacteria, 0210 nano-technology, Oxidation-Reduction, Gammaproteobacteria, Biocathode, SURFACE, Surface Properties, Oxygen reduction, Biophysics, chemistry.chemical_element, Biology, Microbiology, ACTIVATED-SLUDGE, Electron transfer, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Electrodes, Ribosomal DNA, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, WIMEK, IDENTIFICATION, Biology and Life Sciences, biology.organism_classification, Activated sludge, chemistry, Chemical engineering, Biofilms, MICROBIAL FUEL-CELLS, Environmental Technology, Bacteria
Abstract

International audience; Several mixed microbial communities have been reported to show robust bioelectrocatalysis of oxygen reduction over time at applicable operation conditions. However, clarification of electron transfer mechanism(s) and identification of essential micro-organisms have not been realised. Therefore, the objective of this study was to shape oxygen reducing biocathodes with different microbial communities by means of surface modification using the electrochemical reduction of two different diazonium salts in order to discuss the relation of microbial composition and performance. The resulting oxygen reducing mixed culture biocathodes had complex bacterial biofilms variable in size and shape as observed by confocal and electron microscopy. Sequence analysis of ribosomal 16S rDNA revealed a putative correlation between the abundance of certain microbiota and biocathode performance. The best performing biocathode developed on the unmodified graphite electrode and reached a high current density for oxygen reducing biocathodes at neutral pH (0.9A/m(2)). This correlated with the highest domination (60.7%) of a monophyletic group of unclassified γ-Proteobacteria. These results corroborate earlier reports by other groups, however, higher current densities and higher presence of these unclassified bacteria were observed in this work. Therefore, members of this group are likely key-players for highly performing oxygen reducing biocathodes.[on SciFinder (R)]

Published
2015

13. Consumption of an olive polyphenolic extract for 12 months prevents bone loss and improves serum lipid profiles in postmenopausal women

Author

Coxam, Véronique, Possemiers, Sam, Heyerick, Arne, Raszewski, Grzegorz, Davicco, Marie-Jeanne, Rafal, Filip, Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA)-Clermont Université-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Fac Biosci Engn, Lab Microbial Ecol & Technol LabMET, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Osteoporosis Outpatient Department, Institute of Rural Health, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA)-Clermont Université, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), and ProdInra, Migration

Subjects
[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2013

14. A novel comparative research platform designed to determine the functional significance of tree species diversity in European forests

Author

Julia Koricheva, Leena Finér, Hervé Jactel, Martin Hermy, Daniel Avacariei, Ewa Chećko, Andy Hector, Miguel A. Zavala, Sandra Mueller, David Coomess, Gabriel Duduman, Mario Liebergesell, Harriet Milligan, Hans De Wandeler, Wim de Vries, Marc Deconchat, Manfred J. Lexer, Adam Benneter, Johanna Boberg, Virginie Guyot, Arthur Gessler, Helge Bruelheide, Martina Pollastrini, Karsten Raulund-Rasmussen, Teresa E. Gimeno, Eric Allan, Wolfgang Braggernann, Sigrid Berger, Andrea Coppi, Liviu Nichiforel, Diem Nguyen, Bogdan Jaroszewicz, Mariangela N. Fotelli, Sonia G. Rabasa, Evy Ampoorter, Lars Vesterdal, Bart Muys, Ionu Barnoaiea, Carsten Beinhoff, Christian Wirth, Sophia Ratcliffe, Stephan Haettenschwiler, Raphaël Proulx, Charlotte Grossiord, Kris Verheyen, Damien Bonal, Lander Baeten, V. Holland, François-Xavier Joly, Markus Fischer, Ian Seiferling, Dawid Zielinski, Bastien Castagneyrol, Harald Auge, Raquel Benavides, Felix Berthold, Tommaso Jucker, Kalliopi Radoglou, Filippo Bussotti, Klaus von Wilpert, Federico Selvi, Cristina C. Bastias, Eleftheria Dalmaris, Fernando Valladaresh, André Granier, Seid Muhie Dawud, Michael Scherer-Lorenzen, Yohan Charbonnier, Monique Carnol, Simon Kolb, Jürgen Bauhus, Luc Barbaro, Gabriel Danila, Timo Domisch, Lydia Hantsch, Jan Stenlid, Department of Forest and Water Management, Forest & Nature Lab, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Department of Biology, Terrestrial Ecology Unit, Dept Forest & Water Management, Lab Forestry, Institut für Biologie I, Universität Leipzig [Leipzig], Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle Wittenberg (MLU), Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft - German Research Foundation (DFG), Dept. of Agri-Food and Environmental Sciences, Section of Soil and Plant Science, Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), Finnish Forest Research Institute, University of Warsaw (UW), University of Bern, Helmholtz Zentrum für Umweltforschung = Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), German Institute for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN), Chair of Silviculture, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg [Freiburg], Faculty of Biology, Chair of Geobotany, University of Freiburg, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières [devient SILVA en 2018] (EEF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Lab Plant & Microbial Ecol, Inst Bot B22, Université de Liège, Bretagne Vivante, Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Dynamiques Forestières dans l'Espace Rural (DYNAFOR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Institute of Food Chemistry, Universität Hamburg (UHH)-Universität Hamburg (UHH), Leibniz-Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung = Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), University of Oxford [Oxford], Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Forest Ecology and Conservation Group, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Royal Holloway [University of London] (RHUL), Department for Internal Medicine, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Division of Forest, Nature and Landscape, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Leuven] (EES), Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven)-Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Department of Plant Biology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières (UQTR), Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry (MPI-BGC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Institut für Spezielle Botanik und Funktionelle Biodiversität, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Departamento de Ecología, Universidad de Alcalá - University of Alcalá (UAH), Uniwersytet Warszawski, Faculty of Biology/Geobotany, European Union Seventh Framework Programme [FP7/2007-2013, 265171], Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), German Research Foundation, University of Florence (UNIFI), Università degli Studi di Firenze [Firenze], Universiteit Gent [Ghent], Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Biodiversité, Gènes et Communautés, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), and Albert Ludwigs University

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, services, productivity, stands, consequences, Biodiversity, Plant Science, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Multidiversity, biodiversity loss, Forest ecology, Forest plot, ecosystem function, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Ecosystem diversity, Duurzaam Bodemgebruik, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Sustainable Soil Use, WIMEK, business.industry, Environmental resource management, Species diversity, FunDivEUROPE, 15. Life on land, Tree (data structure), Environmental Systems Analysis, Milieusysteemanalyse, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Multifunctionality, Ecosystem functioning, Species evenness, evenness, Species richness, business, Tree species diversity, richness, 010606 plant biology & botany, temperate
Abstract

Lander Baeten [et al.], One of the current advances in functional biodiversity research is the move away from short-lived test systems towards the exploration of diversity-ecosystem functioning relationships in structurally more complex ecosystems. In forests, assumptions about the functional significance of tree species diversity have only recently produced a new generation of research on ecosystem processes and services. Novel experimental designs have now replaced traditional forestry trials, but these comparatively young experimental plots suffer from specific difficulties that are mainly related to the tree size and longevity. Tree species diversity experiments therefore need to be complemented with comparative observational studies in existing forests. Here we present the design and implementation of a new network of forest plots along tree species diversity gradients in six major European forest types: the FunDivEUROPE Exploratory Platform. Based on a review of the deficiencies of existing observational approaches and of unresolved research questions and hypotheses, we discuss the fundamental criteria that shaped the design of our platform. Key features include the extent of the species diversity gradient with mixtures up to five species, strict avoidance of a dilution gradient, special attention to community evenness and minimal covariation with other environmental factors. The new European research platform permits the most comprehensive assessment of tree species diversity effects on forest ecosystem functioning to date since it offers a common set of research plots to groups of researchers from very different disciplines and uses the same methodological approach in contrasting forest types along an extensive environmental gradient. © 2013 Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics., AcknowledgementsThe research leading to these results has received fund-ing from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme(FP7/2007–2013) under grant agreement n◦265171.

Published
2013

15. Metabolic fate of ochratoxin A as a coffee contaminant in a dynamic simulator of the human colon

Author

Minale Ouethrani, Ellen Verbeke, Sylvie Rabot, Valérie Camel, Maryline Carvalho, Tom Van de Wiele, Aurélia Bruneau, Ingénierie Procédés Aliments (GENIAL), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-AgroParisTech-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), Lab Microbial Ecol & Technol LabMET, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), MICrobiologie de l'ALImentation au Service de la Santé (MICALIS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, international interdisciplinary Ph.D. programme 'Frontiers in Life Sciences', Hubert Curien Partnership (PHC) TOURNESOL FL (France and Belgium, Flemish community) programme [20370QC], Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)

Subjects
Ochratoxin A, [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, Colon, Coffea, Food Contamination, Gut flora, Models, Biological, Coffee, Analytical Chemistry, Microbiology, RATS, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, GRADIENT GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS, Humans, VITRO DIGESTION MODEL, Food science, Mycotoxin, Ochratoxin, 030304 developmental biology, 2. Zero hunger, Human feces, 0303 health sciences, SHIME, biology, 030306 microbiology, Human intestinal microbiota, Microbiota, 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA, GUT MICROBIOTA, food and beverages, INTESTINAL MICROBIAL ECOSYSTEM, General Medicine, IN-VITRO, 15. Life on land, DEGRADATION, biology.organism_classification, Ochratoxins, Lactobacillus reuteri, chemistry, 13. Climate action, BACTERIA, Biodegradation, Digestion, HUMAN FECES, Food Science
Abstract

Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a mycotoxin frequently encountered in coffee. The relevance of this contaminant in the colon upon digestion necessitates a study on its interaction with colon microbiota. Here, the fate of OTA during colon digestion was investigated using a dynamic simulator of the human gut. The influence of coffee as a food matrix was taken into account, as it may affect the colonic microbial ecosystem and, consequently, the fate of OTA. Biodegradation was followed by measuring OTA concentration over time, and by screening for several possible metabolites, using LC-ESI-MS and HRMS. The descending colon was found to be the main site of OTA biodegradation. Two metabolites, ochratoxin a and ochratoxin B, were identified, suggesting that biodegradation by gut microbiota is beneficial for the host, as they are considered less toxic than OTA. The extent of biodegradation was reduced in the presence of the coffee matrix, possibly due to competition for available carbon sources. Effects of OTA and the coffee matrix on the microbial ecosystem were contrasting. While OTA caused a specific, but lasting loss, of the beneficial species Lactobacillus reuteri, coffee temporarily altered the fermentation pattern towards lower ammonia and higher acetate and propionate production, likely due to its dietary fibre content. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Published
2013

16. Arabinoxylans and inulin differentially modulate the mucosal and luminal gut microbiota and mucin-degradation in humanized rats

Author

van den Abbeele, P., Gerard, P., Rabot, S., Bruneau, A., El Aidy, S., Derrien, M.M.N., Kleerebezem, M., Zoetendal, E.G., Smidt, H., Verstraete, W., van der Wiele, T., Possemiers, S., Lab Microbial Ecol & Technol LabMET, Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), MICrobiologie de l'ALImentation au Service de la Santé (MICALIS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Microbiol Lab, Wageningen University and Research Centre [Wageningen] (WUR), FWO-Vlaanderen (Research Foundation of Flanders, Belgium), Tournesol [2007.11], GOA [BOF07/GOA/002], Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), and Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR)

Subjects
Male, chain fatty-acids, Colon, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Microbiology, digestive system, BUTYRATE-PRODUCING BACTERIUM, HUMAN GASTROINTESTINAL-TRACT, Feces, Young Adult, butyrate-producing bacterium, fluids and secretions, Microbiologie, INTESTINAL MICROBIOTA, GRADIENT GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S, Animals, Humans, Host-Microbe Interactomics, human gastrointestinal-tract, Cecum, Phylogeny, VLAG, Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis, fecal microbiota, human intestinal microbiota, inflammatory-bowel-disease, Bacteria, 16s ribosomal-rna, in-vitro fermentation, 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA, Inulin, Mucins, HUMAN, IN-VITRO, human feces, Rats, Inbred F344, Rats, CHAIN FATTY-ACIDS, Prebiotics, gradient gel-electrophoresis, Fermentation, WIAS, FECAL MICROBIOTA, Metagenome, Xylans, HUMAN FECES, INFLAMMATORY-BOWEL-DISEASE
Abstract

The endogenous gut microbiota affects the host in many ways. Prebiotics should favour beneficial intestinal microbes and thus improve host health. In this study, we investigated how a novel class of potential prebiotic long-chain arabinoxylans (LC-AX) and the well-established prebiotic inulin (IN) modulate the gut microbiota of humanized rats. Six weeks after axenic rats were inoculated with a human faecal microbiota, their colonic microbiota was similar to this inoculum (similar to 70%), whereas their caecal microbiota was enriched with Verrucomicrobia and Firmicutes concomitant with lower abundance of Bacteroidetes. Moreover, different Bifidobacterium species colonized the lumen (B. adolescentis) and mucus (B. longum and B. bifidum). Both LC-AX and IN increased SCFA levels and induced a shift from acetate towards health-promoting propionate and butyrate respectively. By applying a high-resolution phylogenetic micro-array (HITChip) at the site of fermentation (caecum), IN and LC-AX were shown to stimulate bacterial groups with known butyrate-producers (Roseburia intestinalis, Eubacterium rectale, Anaerostipes caccae) and bifidobacteria (B. longum) respectively. Prebiotic administration also resulted in lower caecal abundances of the mucin-degrading Akkermansia muciniphila and potentially more mucin production by the host. Both factors might explain the increased caecal mucin levels for LC-AX (threefold) and IN (sixfold). These mucins were degraded along the colon, resulting in high faecal abundances of Akkermansia muciniphila for LC-AX and especially IN-treated rats. Finally, the microbial changes caused an adaptation period for the host with less weight gain, after which the host fine-tuned the interaction with this altered microbiota. Our results demonstrate that next to IN, LC-AX are promising prebiotic compounds by stimulating production of health-promoting metabolites by specific microbes in the proximal regions. Further, prebiotic supplementation shifted mucin degradation to distal regions, where mucin-degraders may produce beneficial metabolites (e. g. propionate by Akkermansia muciniphila), so that prebiotics may potentially improve gut health along the entire length of the intestine.

Published
2011

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