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Abstract Deep single-cell multi-omic profiling offers a promising approach to understand and overcome drug resistance in relapsed or refractory (rr) acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Here, we combine single-cell ex vivo drug profiling (pharmacoscopy) with single-cell and bulk DNA, RNA, and protein analyses, alongside clinical data from 21 rrAML patients. Unsupervised data integration reveals reduced ex vivo response to the Bcl-2 inhibitor venetoclax (VEN) in patients treated with both a hypomethylating agent (HMA) and VEN, compared to those pre-exposed to chemotherapy or HMA alone. Integrative analysis identifies both known and unreported mechanisms of innate and treatment-related VEN resistance and suggests alternative treatments, like targeting increased proliferation with the PLK inhibitor volasertib. Additionally, high CD36 expression in VEN-resistant blasts associates with sensitivity to CD36-targeted antibody treatment ex vivo. This study demonstrates how single-cell multi-omic profiling can uncover drug resistance mechanisms and treatment vulnerabilities, providing a valuable resource for future AML research.

Abstract In recent years, research has progressively increased the importance of considering sex differences in stress and fear memory studies. Many studies have traditionally focused on male subjects, potentially overlooking critical differences with females. Emerging evidence suggests that males and females can exhibit distinct behavioral and neurophysiological responses to stress and fear conditioning. These differences may be attributable to variations in hormone levels, brain structure, and neural circuitry, particularly in regions such as the prefrontal cortex (PFC). In the present study, we explored sex differences in prelimbic cortex (PL) calcium activity in animals submitted to immobilization stress (IMO), fear conditioning (FC), and fear extinction (FE). While no significant sex differences were found in behavioral responses, we did observe differences in several PL calcium activity parameters. To determine whether these results were related to behaviors beyond stress and fear memory, we conducted correlation studies between the movement of the animals and PL activity during IMO and freezing behavior during FC and FE. Our findings revealed a clear correlation between PL calcium activity with movement during stress exposure and freezing behavior, with no sex differences observed in these correlations. These results suggest a significant role for the PL in movement and locomotion, in addition to its involvement in fear-related processes. The inclusion of both female and male subjects is crucial for studies like this to fully understand the role of the PFC and other brain areas in stress and fear responses. Recognizing sex differences enhances our comprehension of brain function and can lead to more personalized and effective approaches in the study and treatment of stress and fear-related conditions.

Purpose – Drawing upon a political economy approach, this article aims to analyze the transformations in the labor market within the context of contemporary capitalism, focusing on the phenomenon of financialization. Design/methodology/approach – Financialization is defined as a distinct wealth pattern marked by a growing proportion of financial assets in capitalist wealth. Within financial markets, corporate performance is continuously assessed, in a process that disciplines management to achieve expected financial results, with consequences throughout corporate management. Findings – We find that this phenomenon has implications for labor management, resulting in the intensification of labor processes and the adoption of insecure forms of employment, leading to the fractalization of work. These two mechanisms, added to the indebtedness of workers, constitute three elements for disciplining labor in contemporary capitalism. Originality/value – We argue that these forms of discipline constitute a subsumption of labor to finance, resulting in an increase in labor exploitation. This formulation of the relationship between financialization and changes in the realm of labor also contributes to understanding the unrealizing potential of social free time in contemporary capitalism.

Tin dioxide (SnO2) is an oxide semiconductor with n-type characteristics, with high transparency in the UV–Vis, where the donors are usually associated with oxygen vacancies and interstitial tin ions. Quinoline derivatives (QD) are usually p-type semiconductors with emission in the blue range. We report photo-induced properties of the QD 4-(6-(diethylamino)-4-phenylquinolin-2-yl)benzoic acid and the combination with the inorganic semiconductor oxide SnO2, both layers in the form of thin film, which forms a heterostructure. Thin film is a very convenient format for integration in optoelectronics. Emission of the QD takes place in blue range (470–485 nm) and depends on the solvent when in solution, being used acetone and tetrahydrofuran (THF). However, when in the form of thin film, it does not depend on the solvent. Concerning the heterostructure, it is explored under distinct device architecture: 1) combination in a transport profile perpendicular to the films (transverse contacts) leading to a rectifying behavior similar to a p-n junction, which is evidence of the p-type-like electrical behavior of the QD; 2) in parallel conduction profile, where there seems to exist some sort of interfacial phenomenon similar to a two-dimensional electron gas (2-DEG), a property that can be explored in transparent high-mobility transistors.

Abstract Using the recently developed cosmological bootstrap method, we compute the exact analytical solution for the seed integral appearing in cosmological correlators with double massive scalar exchanges. The result is explicit, valid in any kinematic configuration, and free from spurious divergences. It is applicable to any number of fields’ species with any masses. With an appropriate choice of variables, the results contain only single-layer summations. We also propose simple approximate formulas valid in different limits, enabling direct and instantaneous evaluation. Supported by exact numerical results using CosmoFlow, we explore the phenomenology of double massive exchange diagrams. Contrary to single-exchange diagrams with ubiquitous Lorentz-covariant interactions, the size of the cubic coupling constant can be large while respecting perturbativity bounds. Because of this property, the primordial bispectrum from double-exchange diagrams can be as large as, coincidentally, current observational constraints. In addition to being sizable on equilateral configurations, we show that the primordial bispectrum exhibits a large cosmological collider signal in the squeezed limit, making the double massive exchanges interesting channels for the detection of massive primordial fields. We propose to decisively disentangle double-exchange channels from single-exchange ones with cosmological observations by exploiting the phase information of the cosmological collider signal, the inflationary flavor oscillations from multiple fields’ species exchanges and the double soft limit in the primordial trispectrum.

ABSTRACT Purpose: to identify risk factors for urinary septic shock in patients who underwent percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). Materials and Methods: Data from PCNL procedures performed between January 2009 and February 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. The study included all patients over 18 years old with kidney stones larger than 15 mm who underwent PCNL. Patients who underwent mini-PCNL or combined surgeries, such as ureteroscopy or bilateral procedures, were not included in the study. Logistic regression was conducted to determine the risk factors for urinary septic shock within 30 days post-operation in patients who underwent PCNL. Results: Urinary septic shock was observed in 8 out of the 1,424 patients analyzed (0.56%). The presence of comorbidities, evaluated using the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) (OR 1.46 [CI 95% 1.15-1.86], p=0.01), larger stones (41.0 mm [IQR 30.0-47.5 mm] vs. 24.0 mm [IQR 17.0-35.0 mm], OR 1.03 [CI 95% 1.01-1.06], p=0.04), and a positive preoperative urine culture (OR 8.53 [CI 95% 1.71-42.45], p 2, larger stones (≥ 35 mm), and a positive preoperative urine culture were at even higher risk of urinary septic shock (OR 15.40 [CI 95% 1.77-134.21], p=0.01). Conclusion: Patients with larger stones, positive preoperative urine culture, and a higher CCI are at risk for urinary septic shock after PCNL. These findings are of utmost importance for optimizing the perioperative care of these patients to prevent life-threatening complications.

Abstract We employ the LuxQED approach to compute the polarized photon PDF (photon pPDF). This approach expresses the pPDF in terms of the structure functions $$g_1$$ g 1 and $$g_2$$ g 2 . Different models for the structure functions are employed according to the parameter space region. The resulting pPDF is approximately of the order of x times the unpolarized PDF. The relative uncertainty in the photon pPDF reaches up to 50% for $$x \sim 10^{-3}$$ x ∼ 10 - 3 , decreasing to approximately 10% for higher values of x. The computation of the photon pPDF will be essential for improving the precision of polarized calculations and will have fundamental implications for studies at the future Electron-Ion Collider (EIC).

Abstract The in-in formalism provides a way to systematically organize the calculation of primordial correlation functions. Although its theoretical foundations are now firmly settled, the treatment of total time derivative interactions, incorrectly trivialized as “boundary terms”, has been the subject of intense discussions and conceptual mistakes. In this work, we demystify the use of total time derivatives — as well as terms proportional to the linear equations of motion — and show that they can lead to artificially large contributions cancelling at different orders of the in-in operator formalism. We discuss the treatment of total time derivative interactions in the Lagrangian path integral formulation of the in-in perturbation theory, and we showcase the importance of interaction terms proportional to linear equations of motion. We then provide a new route to the calculation of primordial correlation functions, which avoids the generation of total time derivatives, by working directly at the level of the full Hamiltonian in terms of phase-space variables. Instead of integrating by parts, we perform canonical transformations to simplify interactions. We explain how to retrieve correlation functions of the initial phase-space variables from the knowledge of the ones after canonical transformations. As an important first application, we find the explicit sizes of Hamiltonian cubic interactions in single-field inflation with canonical kinetic terms and for any background evolution, straight in terms of the primordial curvature perturbation and its canonical conjugate momentum, as well as the corresponding ones in the tensor sector, and the ones mixing scalars and tensors. We also briefly comment on quartic interactions. Our results are important for performing complete calculations of exchange diagrams in inflation, such as the (scalar and tensor) exchange trispectrum and the one-loop power spectrum. Being already written in a form amenable to characterize quantum properties of primordial fluctuations, they also promise to shed light on the non-linear dynamics of quantum states during inflation.

Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar uma metodologia alternativa para a previsão de receitas tributárias dos estados do Nordeste. Para isto, utilizou-se um modelo de regressão linear para a projeção da receita do Imposto sobre Circulação de Mercadorias e Serviços (ICMS), com base nos efeitos parciais de curto prazo de variáveis macroeconômicas nacionais, como o PIB, inflação, taxa básica de juros e taxa de câmbio. Os resultados obtidos foram satisfatórios, de modo que se conseguiu prever as receitas anuais de ICMS dos estados do Nordeste com erros de previsão absolutos médios entre 1,48% e 6,83%.

Abstract Background Several research groups have explored the potential of scandium radionuclides for theragnostic applications due to their longer half-lives and equal or similar coordination chemistry between their diagnostic and therapeutic counterparts, as well as lutetium-177 and terbium-161, respectively. Unlike the gallium-68/lutetium-177 pair, which may show different in-vivo uptake patterns, the use of scandium radioisotopes promises consistent behaviour between diagnostic and therapeutic radiopeptides. An advantage of scandium’s longer half-life over gallium-68 is the ability to study radiopeptide uptake over extended periods and its suitability for centralized production and distribution. However, concerns arise from scandium-44’s decay characteristics and scandium-43’s high production costs. This study aimed to evaluate the dosimetric implications of using scandium radioisotopes with somatostatin analogues against gallium-68 for PET imaging of neuroendocrine tumours. Methods Absorbed dose per injected activity (AD/IA) from the generated time-integrated activity curve (TIAC) were estimated using the radiopeptides [43/44/44mSc]Sc- and [68Ga]Ga-DOTATATE. The kidneys, liver, spleen, and red bone marrow (RBM) were selected for dose estimation studies. The EGSnrc and MCNP6.1 Monte Carlo (MC) codes were used with female (AF) and male (AM) ICRP phantoms. The results were compared to Olinda/EXM software, and the effective dose concentrations assessed, varying composition between the scandium radioisotopes. Results Our findings showed good agreement between the MC codes, with − 3 ± 8% mean difference. Kidneys, liver, and spleen showed differences between the MC codes (min and max) in a range of − 4% to 8%. This was observed for both phantoms for all radiopeptides used in the study. Compared to Olinda/EXM the largest observed difference was for the RBM, of 21% for the AF and 16% for the AM for scandium- and gallium-based radiopeptides. Despite the differences, our findings showed a higher absorbed dose on [43/44Sc]Sc-DOTATATE compared to its 68Ga-based counterpart. Conclusion This study found that [43/44Sc]Sc-DOTATATE delivers a higher absorbed dose to organs at risk compared to [68Ga]Ga-DOTATATE, assuming equal distribution. This is due to the longer half-life of scandium radioisotopes compared to gallium-68. However, calculated doses are within acceptable ranges, making scandium radioisotopes a feasible replacement for gallium-68 in PET imaging, potentially offering enhanced diagnostic potential with later timepoint imaging.

Simulation-based training in computer-generated environments has always played an important role in clinical medical education. Recently, there has been a growing interest in using 360° videos of real-life situations for training in health professions. Several studies report positive results from using 360° Virtual Reality for individuals, yet there are currently no studies on collaborative 360° Virtual Reality training. In this paper, we evaluate how 360° Virtual Reality can support collaborative training in clinical medical education. The study population consisted of 14 medical students in semester 5 of their Bachelor’s programme. The students were divided into three groups before watching and annotating a 360° video of an authentic learning situation inside a collaborative immersive virtual reality space. The original video shows a problem-based examination of the collateral and cruciate ligaments of the knee performed by students under the supervision of a professor. After training in collaborative 360° Virtual Reality, students then had to perform the same tests in a physical examination. The students’ performance was subsequently evaluated by a professor with expertise in knee examinations. The results show that 12 out of 14 students received a score of 2 for one or more tests, thereby meeting the required learning objective. One student received a score of 1 and one student did not perform any of the tests. The students actively use the tools provided by the software and different communicative strategies when working collaboratively in 360° Virtual Reality, which enables them to perform the tests in the physical examination by transferring their constructed knowledge. The results indicate that our pedagogical design in collaborative immersive 360° Virtual Reality can become a relevant addition to face-to-face clinical medical training.

Abordamos a constituição do coletivo Estação Psicanálise em Campinas e as consequências de uma prática clínico-política que procura problematizar a presença do psicanalista na cidade. Destacamos a importância da escuta psicanalítica na rua, implicada na ocupação de espaços públicos, no caso a Estação Cultura, uma antiga estação de trens. Mostramos como essa intervenção político-social coloca questões para a prática clínica, pressupondo a radicalidade ética da psicanálise e a questão dos laços transferenciais. Abordamos a construção dos casos clínicos, desafiando as noções tradicionais de singularidade e particularidade. Nessa direção, nossa abordagem visa a inscrição e tratamento do sofrimento em um contexto marcado pela violência cotidiana e traumas transgeracionais, sustentando o dispositivo de uma seção clínica que questiona como se constrói um caso coletivamente - ou um caso coletivo. Por fim, indicamos como nossa prática implica uma abordagem aberta à inovação e comprometida com a transformação social na e com a psicanálise.

ABSTRACT In recent years, the diagnostic accuracy of Alzheimer’s disease has been enhanced by the development of different types of biomarkers that indicate the presence of neuropathological processes. In addition to improving patient selection for clinical trials, biomarkers can assess the effects of new treatments on pathological processes. However, there is concern about the indiscriminate and poorly supported use of biomarkers, especially in asymptomatic individuals or those with subjective cognitive decline. Difficulties interpreting these tests, high costs, and unequal access make this scenario even more challenging in healthcare. This article presents the recommendations from the Scientific Department of Cognitive Neurology and Aging of the Brazilian Academy of Neurology (Departamento Científico de Neurologia Cognitiva e Envelhecimento da Academia Brasileira de Neurologia) regarding the rational use and interpretation of Alzheimer’s disease biomarkers in clinical practice. The clinical diagnosis of cognitive-behavioral syndrome is recommended as the initial step to guide the request for biomarkers.

ABSTRACT Novel therapies for Alzheimer’s disease, particularly anti-amyloid drugs like lecanemab and donanemab, have shown modest clinical benefits but also significant risks. The present paper highlights the challenges of access to diagnosis, cost-effectiveness, safety, and the need for more representation of diverse populations in clinical trials. Recommendations include careful patient selection, risk-benefit analysis, and the importance of proven amyloid pathology for treatment. Future work involves further research on anti-amyloid therapies in Brazil and the development of more effective treatments for Alzheimer’s disease.

ABSTRACT Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the surgical treatment of diaphyseal femur fractures in polytraumatized children, considering consolidation rate, complications, and function as outcomes of interest. Methods: This is a quantitative, cross-sectional, and retrospective study of medical records of patients treated from 2012 to 2021. The 39 patients (41 femurs) were divided into four groups according to the method of osteosynthesis. We used the IBM SPSS Statistics software, version 20 (SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL), and performed Chi-square, Fisher, Kruskal-Wallis, and Shapiro-Wilk tests with a significance level of 5%. Results: We observed six complications among patients. Functional outcomes were satisfactory in 40 cases (97.6%) and unsatisfactory in one case (2.40%) according to the adopted criteria. We found one case (2.40%) of non-union and one case (2.40%) of malunion, whereas 39 cases (95.20%) achieved full consolidation. Conclusions: Flexible intramedullary nails and external fixators are the preferred options for patients aged 5 to 10 years. Intramedullary nails, plates, or external fixators are prioritized for patients over 11 years old. The type and pattern of fractures were considered relevant for treatment selection. Level of evidence III, Therapeutic study - Investigation of outcomes and treatment. Comparative retrospective study.

ABSTRACT Objective: Tofacitinib, an oral Janus kinase inhibitor, has been tested against a placebo in 289 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. We analyzed the data from the tofacitinib- and placebo-treated patient cohorts to evaluate the laboratory profiles between baseline and day 7. Methods: We performed post hoc analyses on the following laboratory tests over time during the first 7 days after randomization: hemoglobin, leukocytes, neutrophils, lymphocytes, platelets, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase. Results: Through the first 7 days after randomization, the levels of hemoglobin, white blood cells, neutrophils, and platelet counts were not significantly different between patients treated with tofacitinib or a placebo (all p>0.05). Non-significant differences were observed in aspartate aminotransferase levels over time between treatment groups, whereas alanine aminotransferase levels (U/L) were higher among tofacitinib-treated patients compared to placebo-treated patients (mean ratio, 1.30 [95% confidence interval (95%CI) = 1.14–1.48; p

Background: Patellar instability, often associated with medial patellofemoral ligament rupture, is prevalent in adolescents. Risk factors include trochlear dysplasia, patella alta, abnormal patellar tilt, and increased tibial tubercle to trochlear groove (TT-TG) distance. Indication: A variety of surgical options are available for addressing patellar instability, and the selection of each technique should be tailored to the unique pathoanatomy of each patient. Medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction (MPFLR) is indicated for patients with patellar instability, and tibial tubercle osteotomy (TTO) is indicated for patients with a TT-TG >20 mm. Technique Description: An anterior midline incision is performed to expose the patella, patellar tendon, and tibial tubercle. Diagnostic arthroscopy is performed to assess patellar engagement and cartilage integrity, followed by the TTO. Three guidewires are placed with 15° of obliquity, to guide a 6-cm osteotomy, from medial to lateral and from proximal to distal. A distal cortical hinge must be left intact. A 15-mm medial resection of the tibial tubercle is performed to avoid protrusion against the skin, which is followed by medialization of the tubercle and fixation with K-wires until dynamic testing ensures proper alignment and definitive fixation is achieved with cannulated headless screws. A lateral retinacular lengthening is performed to balance patellar forces. MPFLR is executed using a semitendinosus allograft. The graft is anchored to the patella and drawn through a surgically created plane to the medial femoral condyle. The femoral tunnel is created under fluoroscopy guidance, and the graft is then passed and secured. Graft tension and patellar mobility are adjusted according to dynamic testing. Once patellar stability is achieved and maintained through range of motion, the graft is then fixed. Results: Patients can expect improved clinical outcomes with a high return-to-sports rate following both isolated MPFLR and concomitant TTO. The combination of MPFLR + TTO significantly reduces revision rate, compared to isolated MPFLR in patients with increased TT-TG distance, and enhances postoperative patellofemoral tracking. Discussion/Conclusions: MPFLR + TTO improves patellofemoral tracking and corrects patellar instability, substantially improving postoperative outcomes compared to MPFLR alone. Patients with patellar instability and an increased TT-TG may be effectively treated with MPFLR + TTO. Patient Consent Disclosure Statement: The author(s) attests that consent has been obtained from any patient(s) appearing in this publication. If the individual may be identifiable, the author(s) has included a statement of release or other written form of approval from the patient(s) with this submission for publication.

Piscivorous waterbirds enhance wetlands’ diversity and have been seen as bio-indicators of ecological conditions within ecosystems. In addition to their ecological contribution, to wetlands functions and ecosystem services, these birds have been reported to be affected by fishing activities and to compete with fisheries. Despite their importance along wetlands, their populations are in serious decline on a global level. This study aimed at comparing piscivorous waterbirds community composition and functional diversity between a fish protected area (FPA) and a non-fish protected area (NFPA) in two tributaries of Zambezi River in Namibia. At each site, all the waterbirds within a radius of 50 metres were enumerated and identified using binoculars and guide books. For each tributary, species diversity, taxonomic diversity, functional diversity, and community-based trait diversity indices were calculated. A total of 40 carnivorous waterbirds species belonging to 9 orders were recorded during the survey. Of these 40 species, 10 (25%) predominantly feed on fish, 6 (15%) predominantly feed on insects and 24 (60%) species predominantly feed on both fish and insects. At the FPAs site, a total of 35 species were recorded, comprising 10 (29%) species that predominantly feed on fish, 4 (11%) species that predominantly feed on insects and 21 (60%) species that feed on both fish and insects. Generally, piscivorous waterbirds species diversities were not significantly different between a FPA and a NFPA (p 0.05). However, all piscivorous waterbirds functional diversities indices calculated were significantly different between FPAs and NFPAs (p 0.05). Conservation implications: In most riparian human communities, fish is an important source of protein. The effects of uncontrolled fishing in shaping the composition, structure, and diversity of piscivorous waterbirds worldwide have been reported. If we need to balance the two, regulating fishing loadings and season will improve piscivorous waterbirds conservation and human livelihoods.

ABSTRACT Hatching synchronisation is widespread in oviparous taxa. It has been demonstrated that many species use sounds to coordinate synchronous hatching, being widespread among archosaurs (birds and crocodilians). Recent studies have shown that some turtle species produce vocalisations from within the egg, but the role of this behaviour in synchronising hatch is untested. The small amount of information about sound production by turtle embryos, limited to a handful of closely related species, precludes any inferences based on differences in their ecology, reproductive behaviour and phylogenetic context. With the goal to investigate if coordinated synchronous behaviour is mediated by within‐egg vocalisations in turtles, we recorded clutches from six different turtle species. The selected animals present different ecological and reproductive niches and belong to distinct phylogenetic lineages at the family level. We aimed to understand: (1) what is the phylogenetic distribution of within‐egg vocal behaviour among turtles; (2) if asynchronous turtle species vocalise from within the egg; (3) if clutch size influences synchronous behaviour and (4) if within‐egg turtle calls follow any phylogenetic signal. The new evidence provides light to the current knowledge about synchronous behaviour and within‐egg calls, challenging previous hypothesis that within‐egg sounds are accidentally produced as side‐effects of other behaviours.

Cytotoxic activity is a hallmark of the immunopathogenesis in human cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). In this study, we identified accumulation of CD4+ granzyme B producing T cells with increased cytotoxic capacity in CL lesions. These cells showed enhanced expression of activating NK receptors (NKG2D and NKG2C), diminished expression of inhibitory NKG2A, along with the upregulation of the senescence marker CD57. Notably, CD4+ T cells freshly isolated from CL lesions demonstrated remarkable capacity to mediate NL-like bystander cytolysis. Phenotypic analyses revealed that lesional CD4+ T cells are mainly composed of late-differentiated effector (CD27-CD45RA-) and terminally differentiated (senescent) TEMRA (CD27-CD45RA+) subsets. Interestingly, the TEMRA CD4+ T cells exhibited higher expression of granzyme B and CD107a. Collectively, our results provide the first evidence that senescent cytotoxic CD4+ T cells may support the skin pathology of human cutaneous leishmaniasis and, together with our previous findings, support the notion that multiple subsets of cytotoxic senescent cells may be involved in inducing the skin lesions in these patients.

Data on personality disorders in young French adults were collected using the validated French version of the Inventory of Personality Organization (IPO-fr). Respondents also completed the Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire-4th Edition (PDQ-4+). The sample comprised 607 students aged 18-26 years enrolled on a variety of courses at Angers University (France). Of these, 170 had a personality disorder according to the PDQ-4+, and their data were used to define IPO cut-off scores for Cluster A, B or C personality disorders. The data are stored in a comma-separated value format that can be easily downloaded from a Mendeley data repository (https://data.mendeley.com/datasets/tv6w6yyfy8/4). The data concerned by this article can be identified at this address under the name “Study 3”.

Soil reinforcement using geosynthetics is an efficient and cost-effective solution for a variety of geotechnical structures. Along with the increasing use of geosynthetics, there is a need to expand and enhance the design methodologies for these elements, which are still frequently based on conservative limit equilibrium approaches. In this paper, a bibliometric analysis was conducted on geosynthetic-reinforced soil structures (GRS), identifying the state of the art, research trends, and other indicators. The data were obtained from the Scopus platform and processed by VOSViewer v1.6 software. The initial search comprised 552 papers and the screening process selected 516 relevant papers from 1992 to October 2023. The study analyzed the occurrence of publications by year, keyword trends, authors, citations/co-citations, and bibliographic coupling. Then, a focus was given to 3D modeling research on geosynthetics, highlighting the dominant modeling techniques, material properties, and design challenges in GRS. The bibliometric analysis provided a crucial guideline in the identification of relevant papers and research trends, and a series of conclusions were presented regarding the 3D modeling techniques, choice of material properties, and boundary conditions.

Abstract Background Evidence links lifestyle factors with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We report the first randomized, controlled clinical trial to determine if intensive lifestyle changes may beneficially affect the progression of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or early dementia due to AD. Methods A 1:1 multicenter randomized controlled phase 2 trial, ages 45-90 with MCI or early dementia due to AD and a Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score of 18 or higher. The primary outcome measures were changes in cognition and function tests: Clinical Global Impression of Change (CGIC), Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale (ADAS-Cog), Clinical Dementia Rating–Sum of Boxes (CDR-SB), and Clinical Dementia Rating Global (CDR-G) after 20 weeks of an intensive multidomain lifestyle intervention compared to a wait-list usual care control group. ADAS-Cog, CDR-SB, and CDR-Global scales were compared using a Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon rank-sum test, and CGIC was compared using Fisher’s exact test. Secondary outcomes included plasma Aβ42/40 ratio, other biomarkers, and correlating lifestyle with the degree of change in these measures. Results Fifty-one AD patients enrolled, mean age 73.5. No significant differences in any measures at baseline. Only two patients withdrew. All patients had plasma Aβ42/40 ratios

Organoids present immense promise for studying organ systems and their functionality. Recently, they have become the subject of exploration outside of purely biomedical uses in multiple directions. We will explore the rapidly evolving landscape of organoid research over the 21st century, discussing significant advancements in organoid research and highlighting breakthroughs, methodologies, and their transformative impact on our understanding of physiology and modeling. In addition, we will explore their potential use for biocomputing and harnessing organoid intelligence, investigate how these miniaturized organ-like structures promise to create novel computational models and processing platforms allowing for innovative approaches in drug discovery, personalized medicine, and disease prediction. Lastly, we will address the ethical dilemmas surrounding organoid research by dissecting the intricate ethical considerations related to the creation, use, and potential implications of these in vitro models. Through this work, the goal of this paper is to provide introductory perspectives and bridges that will connect organoids to cybersecurity applications and the imperative ethical discourse accompanying its advancements with commentary on future uses.

Paulo Cruchinho,1 María Dolores López-Franco,2 Manuel Luís Capelas,3 Sofia Almeida,4 Phillippa May Bennett,5– 7 Marcelle Miranda da Silva,1,8 Gisela Teixeira,1 Elisabete Nunes,1 Pedro Lucas,1 Filomena Gaspar1 On Behalf of the Handovers4SafeCare1Nursing Research, Innovation and Development Center (CIDNUR) of Lisbon, Nursing School of Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal; 2CTS-464 Nursing and Innovation in Healthcare, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain; 3Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Faculty of Health Sciences and Nursing, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Health (CIIS), Lisboa, Portugal; 4Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Faculty of Health Sciences and Nursing, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Health (CIIS), Porto, Portugal; 5Center for English, Translation, and Anglo-Portuguese Studies (CETAPS), Lisboa, Portugal; 6Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities of the New University of Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal; 7Faculty of Arts and Humanities of the University of Coimbra, Department of Languages, Literatures and Cultures, Coimbra, Portugal; 8Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Anna Nery Nursing School, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilCorrespondence: Paulo Cruchinho, Nursing School of Lisbon, Avenida Prof. Egas Moniz, Lisboa, 1600-190, Portugal, Tel +351 217913400, Email pjcruchinho@esel.ptAbstract: Cross-cultural validation of self-reported measurement instruments for research is a long and complex process, which involves specific risks of bias that could affect the research process and results. Furthermore, it requires researchers to have a wide range of technical knowledge about the translation, adaptation and pre-test aspects, their purposes and options, about the different psychometric properties, and the required evidence for their assessment and knowledge about the quantitative data processing and analysis using statistical software. This article aimed: 1) identify all guidelines and recommendations for translation, cross-cultural adaptation, and validation within the healthcare sciences; 2) describe the methodological approaches established in these guidelines for conducting translation, adaptation, and cross-cultural validation; and 3) provide a practical guideline featuring various methodological options for novice researchers involved in translating, adapting, and validating measurement instruments. Forty-two guidelines on translation, adaptation, or cross-cultural validation of measurement instruments were obtained from “CINAHL with Full Text” (via EBSCO) and “MEDLINE with Full Text”. A content analysis was conducted to identify the similarities and differences in the methodological approaches recommended. Bases on these similarities and differences, we proposed an eight-step guideline that includes: a) forward translation; 2) synthesis of translations; 3) back translation; 4) harmonization; 5) pre-testing; 6) field testing; 7) psychometric validation, and 8) analysis of psychometric properties. It is a practical guideline because it provides extensive and comprehensive information on the methodological approaches available to researchers. This is the first methodological literature review carried out in the healthcare sciences regarding the methodological approaches recommended by existing guidelines.Keywords: cross-cultural comparison, decision-making, psychometric properties, research design, validation studies, health services research

Abstract Background DNA replication progression can be affected by the presence of physical barriers like the RNA polymerases, leading to replication stress and DNA damage. Nonetheless, we do not know how transcription influences overall DNA replication progression. Results To characterize sites where DNA replication forks stall and pause, we establish a genome-wide approach to identify them. This approach uses multiple timepoints during S-phase to identify replication fork/stalling hotspots as replication progresses through the genome. These sites are typically associated with increased DNA damage, overlapped with fragile sites and with breakpoints of rearrangements identified in cancers but do not overlap with replication origins. Overlaying these sites with a genome-wide analysis of RNA polymerase II transcription, we find that replication fork stalling/pausing sites inside genes are directly related to transcription progression and activity. Indeed, we find that slowing down transcription elongation slows down directly replication progression through genes. This indicates that transcription and replication can coexist over the same regions. Importantly, rearrangements found in cancers overlapping transcription-replication collision sites are detected in non-transformed cells and increase following treatment with ATM and ATR inhibitors. At the same time, we find instances where transcription activity favors replication progression because it reduces histone density. Conclusions Altogether, our findings highlight how transcription and replication overlap during S-phase, with both positive and negative consequences for replication fork progression and genome stability by the coexistence of these two processes.

Abstract Fatty acids are precursors of inflammatory oxylipins. In the context of COVID-19, an excessive production of pro-inflammatory cytokines is associated with disease severity. The objective was to investigate whether the baseline omega 3/omega 6 fatty acids ratio and the oxylipins were associated with inflammation and oxidative stress in unvaccinated patients with COVID-19, classified according to the severity of the disease during hospitalization. This Prospective population-based cohort study included 180 hospitalized patients with COVID-19. The patients were classified into five groups according to the severity of their disease. Group 1 was the least severe and Group 5 was the most severe. Three specific types of fatty acids—eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and arachidonic acid (AA)—as well as their enzymatic and non-enzymatic oxylipins were determined using chromatography coupled mass spectrometry. There was no difference in the ratio of omega-3 to omega-6 fatty acids between the groups (p = 0.276). However, the EPA/AA ratio was lower in Group 4 compared to Group 1 (p = 0.015). This finding was associated with an increase in both C-Reactive Protein (p

Objetivos: Comunicar los resultados funcionales y radiográficos en seis pacientes con fractura “en pico de pato” (beak fracture) y realizar una revisión de la bibliografía. Materiales y Métodos: Se evaluaron los resultados funcionales (escala de la AOFAS) y radiológicos en seis pacientes (3 hombres y 3 mujeres; edad promedio 35.6 años). El tiempo promedio transcurrido entre la lesión y el ingreso en el quirófano fue de 2.83 h. Se realizó la rama vertical del abordaje lateral extendido. Se fijó con tornillos canulados y macizos de 3,5; 4,0 o 4,5 mm solos o combinados con placas de 3,5 y 2,7 mm bloqueadas. Resultados: Después de un seguimiento de entre 8 y 24 meses, todos los pacientes tenían signos francos de consolidación. Al ingresar, todos presentaban signos de sufrimiento de partes blandas sin signos de necrosis. El puntaje de la escala de la AOFAS fue de 82,4 (5, buenos y 1, regular). Las complicaciones fueron: una infección profunda y pérdida de la reducción en el mismo paciente. Conclusiones: Las fracturas “en pico de pato” pueden generar complicaciones de partes blandas si no son tratadas de manera urgente, debido al compromiso inicial de partes blandas. La reducción abierta y la fijación con tornillos y placas es el sistema de fijación más estable.

We present the case of a 33-year-old patient with atypical pulmonary anatomy secondary to fibrosing mediastinitis who underwent pulmonary thrombectomy with the Lightning Flash aspiration catheter following a pulmonary embolism triggered by tibial osteomyelitis. Despite an inconclusive computed tomography angiography report, the diagnosis was made through clinical evaluation associated with electrocardiographic and echocardiographic changes. Angiography was crucial for diagnosis. The procedure was technically successful, resulting in immediate improvement in pulmonary artery systolic pressure and dyspnea. This case demonstrates the feasibility of aspiration thrombectomy in distorted anatomies and underscores the importance of early intervention in intermediate- to high-risk pulmonary embolism.

Objective: To design and validate a Brazilian version of the Animal Empathy Scale, based on the existing Portuguese version. Methods: Content validity assessment was performed by expert judges, and the adapted scale was administered to a sample of 386 participants. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were performed. Results: The bifactorial profile of the scale remained consistent, comprising Empathic Concern for Animals (Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega coefficients: 0.75) and Emotional Attachment with Animals (Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega coefficients: 0.79). Considering the One Health framework, collaborative, multidisciplinary, and intersectoral approaches are essential for achieving optimal health conditions for people, animals, and the environment given their intricate interconnections. Empathy plays a crucial role in promoting proximity between humans and animals, fostering positive connections that encourage biodiversity conservation. Conclusion: The 13 statements were retained, confirming the validity of the animal empathy scale for use in Brazil, and a Brazilian version of the Animal Empathy Scale was established.

Se aborda en este trabajo una experiencia extensionista cuyo objetivo fue construir una cartografía social a partir del mapeo participativo con comunidades indígenas en Córdoba, Argentina. Desde las nociones de co-labor, horizontalidad y reflexividad, se identifican demandas de corto alcance e interpelaciones mayores y se analizan las implicancias tanto para el grupo universitario como para las comunidades indígenas. Finalmente, se reflexiona sobre el trabajo horizontal y colaborativo, sus limitaciones y afectaciones vividas, y su capacidad de configurar lo que denominamos una «comunidad epistémico-afectiva».

Abstract Aim This study aimed to analyze aspects of adult emergence of Phyllocycla Calvert, 1948 (Odonata: Gomphidae) in artificial environments. Samplings were conducted in Sanharó stream, Caxias municipality, Maranhão State, Brazil. Methods Specimens were examined under a stereomicroscope and identified to the lowest possible taxonomic level. Polystyrene boxes were used as rearing sites, and the following methods were analyzed: a) sand; b) strips of filter paper simulating substrate; c) without substrate. For emergence, the rearing sites had their lids removed and were placed inside larger jars with mesh windows, less water, with most of the substrate exposed above the water level. To verify the difference between treatments, the Log-rank test and Kaplan-Meier survival curves were used. Results The curves indicated that emergences occurred more frequently in the initial days of rearing. There was an absence of statistical difference between groups. Despite that, all treatments showed success in emergence, with larvae without substrate emerging more quickly. Conclusions By exploring the use of different substrates in Odonata rearing, this research provides guidelines for optimizing laboratory conditions, helping to overcome experimental challenges and supporting new studies and inventories.

Background: Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of the Aorta (REBOA) is a potentially lifesaving but polarizing therapy due to the associated morbidity and uncertainty of who might benefit. Techniques such as partial (p)REBOA that provide hemodynamic support while reducing distal ischemia are now captured in the Aortic Resuscitation in Trauma and Acute Care (AORTA) registry. We hypothesized that pREBOA would be associated with improved mortality and fewer adverse outcomes. Methods: The AORTA registry was queried for adult patients who received complete (c)REBOA or pREBOA between 2020 and 2022. Patients were excluded if they had a head Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) ≥three or an AIS of six in any body region. Outcome measures were complications and mortality. Poisson regression analyses identified the independent effect of the type of approach on outcomes. Results: 164 patients met the inclusion criteria, with pREBOA used in 36% of cases and no significant difference in patient demographics, injury characteristics, or injury severity between pREBOA and cREBOA. There was no difference in mortality rate (44.1% vs 45.7%). After adjusting for potential confounders, no statistically significant difference in complications was detected between the two approaches [adjusted IRR (95% CI): 1.11 (0.54–2.27), p = 0.777]. This association persisted after subgroup analysis of aortic Zone one vs Zone three deployment. Conclusions: In this registry analysis, pREBOA did not reduce morbidity or mortality compared to cREBOA. Improving the granularity of clinical metrics in the AORTA registry is essential to understanding whether patients will benefit from pREBOA, and how to best implement this controversial resuscitation adjunct.

ABSTRACT Alternative materials can be used to reduce reliance on mining for P-based fertilizers. In this sense, the pyrolysis process of bovine bones produces the “bone char”, which can be used as a source of P. This study aimed to characterize bone char and conduct a comparative analysis with both soluble (triple superphosphate) and non-soluble (Bayóvar phosphate rock) phosphate fertilizers, specifically examining its behavior in soil and uptake by plants. Bone char characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive (SEM-EDS). The XRD analyses have shown the presence of hydroxyapatite in the bone char, bands assigned to P-O stretching from phosphate have been observed in ATR-FTIR, and Ca, P, C, and O elements were identified in the materials by EDS analyses. Solubility from fertilizer extractants was higher for bone char compared to Bayóvar, and both sources showed lower solubility compared to triple superphosphate. Cumulative amount of P released from bone char was higher than Bayóvar and lower than triple superphosphate. Amount of total dry matter, total shoot P uptake, and total shoot Ca uptake were higher for triple superphosphate compared to bone char and Bayóvar. Release profile of P from bone char strongly suggests this material can be used as a slow-release P source, with intermediate solubility between soluble and non-soluble commercialized sources.

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is an n-type oxide semiconductor, where the electron donors are usually associated with oxygen vacancies and interstitial titanium ions, whereas quinoline derivatives (QD) are usually p-type semiconductors with light emission in the blue range. We report a broad emission band centered at 485 nm, and temperature induced electrical properties of the QD 4-(6-(diethylamino)-4-phenylquinolin-2-yl)benzoic acid and TiO2 films. The combination of QD with TiO2, both layers in the form of thin film, forms a heterostructure in a very convenient format for integration in optoelectronics. Due to the techniques used for film deposition, both sort of films present defects, which are responsible for the electrical characteristics. The dominant level for TiO2 is located about 760 meV from the conduction band bottom, inside the bandgap, whereas for the QD film the activation energy is about 328 meV. Both levels show up for a range above room temperature. In the first case, it suggests the second ionization level of oxygen vacancies (VO2+) or the third ionization level of interstitial titanium ions (Ti3+), considering that both are electron donors, whereas in the case of QD it suggests a mechanism of small polaron tunneling (SPT).When combined as a heterostructure and explored under transport profile perpendicular to the films (transverse contacts) it leads to current-voltage (I-V) rectifying behavior similar to a p-n junction, which is evidence of the p-type-like electrical behavior of the QD, even though this I-V behavior may be destroyed for repetitive I-V measurement, which seems to be related with aging and the presence of defects at the heterostructure interface.

Tailings generated during ore processing may host significant residual contents of valuable commodities, including critical metals. The particle properties of the tailings, such as mineralogy, particle size, and the surface liberation of ore minerals, strongly control processing behaviour. This study explores a novel combination of methods for incorporating particle data, derived from automated mineralogy, into geometallurgical models of tailings deposits to better understand their reprocessing potential and the economic feasibility of re-mining. This was achieved through binning of different particle types, geostatistical modelling of particle bin frequencies, and bootstrap resampling to reconstruct particle populations. The spatial distributions of processing-relevant particle properties throughout the tailings deposit were predicted with corresponding uncertainties. There are clear systematic trends in the spatial distributions of different particle types, resulting from the sedimentary-style deposition of the tailings. For instance, the tailings nearer the dam walls comprise coarser, silicate-rich particles, while fine-grained and well-liberated sulphide mineral particles are more abundant in the centre of the tailings deposit. As a result, robust models could be developed for the spatial distributions of particle size and mineralogy, which strongly control the sorting of particles during deposition, and other related properties, such as sulphide mineral grain sizes. Finally, a bulk sulphide flotation process was simulated and acid mine drainage potential estimated using the interpolated particle data. Around 58% of the sulphide minerals present could be recoverable by flotation, with the recoverable sulphide portion decreasing towards the centre of the TSF due to the fine-grained nature of the sulphide minerals. The acid mine drainage potential of the tailings is estimated to be moderate to high, indicating that the carbonate minerals present are not sufficient to neutralise the high acid-generating potential of the sulphide minerals. Overall, this study demonstrates how particle-based geometallurgical models can be developed and utilised for practical applications, with the aim of improving the accuracy of resource and reserve estimations of tailings deposits and the sustainable and responsible management of anthropogenic resources. The methodology proposed here can be easily transferred to other tailings deposits.

Gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) has been widely used, and along with other methodologies such as derivatization, is a powerful tool to analyze phytocompounds, including cuticular wax components. The loss of structural information upon fragmentation of waxes makes it difficult to interpret and identify the GC-MS mass spectra of these compounds with the traditional methods, as digital libraries. Therefore, as a new complementary alternative to traditional methods of identifying aliphatic acyclic lipids based on mass spectra, we present the new software WaxAlly in this technical note. WaxAlly is a new software created based on simple algorithms, enabling the rapid recognition by the user of eight aliphatic acyclic lipid classes, including alkanes, alkenes, aldehydes, ketones, esters, and TMS derivatives of free fatty acids, primary and secondary alcohols, and their homologues with carbon chains varying between 10 and 100 carbons. Additionally, the WaxAlly software provides a section for data organization, internet comparison to NIST and PubChem databases, and academic information about mass fragmentation of acyclic lipids. The software has proven to be a very useful complementary technique in identifying plant wax lipid homologues, and new fragmentation patterns of lipid classes can be added in the future to improve the program.

Abstract: This study estimates gestational diabetes mellitus prevalence in Brazil. A systematic review was conducted with articles published between 2010 and 2021 on the PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, SciELO, LILACS and Virtual Health Library databases, as well as gray literature. Data were extracted using a standardized instrument together with the risk of bias assessment tool proposed by Hoy et al. A meta-analysis with robust variance and random effects was developed. Heterogeneity was verified using I2 and publication bias was assessed using funnel plot and Egger’s test. Prevalence according to risk of bias, diagnostic criteria and country’s regions was determined by subgroup analyses. A total of 32 studies were included, representing 21,942 women. gestational diabetes mellitus pooled prevalence was 14% (95%CI: 11.0; 16.0), considerably higher than estimates from previous studies. Regarding risk of bias, studies with low, medium, and high risk showed a pooled prevalence of 12%, 14% and 14%, respectively. Overall GRADE certainty of evidence rating was low. Most studies used the International Association of Diabetes in Pregnancy Study Group (IADPSG) criteria or the adapted IADPSG, showing a pooled prevalence of 15% and 14%, respectively. As for region, the pooled prevalence was higher in the Southeast (14%) and lower in the Central-West (9%). This is the first systematic review to provide evidence on gestational diabetes mellitus prevalence at a national level and to demonstrate considerable heterogeneity among articles and the influence of region, diagnostic criteria and study quality on the referred indicator.

One category of the digital signatures submitted to the NIST Post-Quantum Cryptography Standardization Process for Additional Digital Signature Schemes comprises proposals constructed leveraging the MPC-in-the-Head (MPCitH) paradigm. Typically, this framework is characterized by the computation and storage in sequence of large data structures both in signing and verification algorithms, resulting in heavy memory consumption. While some research on the efficiency of these schemes on high-performance machines has been done, studying their performance and optimization on resource-constrained ones still needs to be explored. In this work, we aim to address this gap by (1) introducing a general method to reduce the memory footprint of MPCitH schemes and analyzing its application to several MPCitH proposed schemes in the NIST Standardization Process. Additionally, (2) we conduct a detailed examination of potential memory optimizations in PERK, resulting in a streamlined version of the signing and verification algorithms with a reduced memory footprint ranging from 22 to 85 KB, down from the original 0.3 to 6 MB. Finally, (3) we introduce the first implementation of PERK tailored for Arm Cortex M4 alongside extensive experiments and comparisons against reference implementations.

Abstract Biofuels are essential to ensure the energy transition and mitigating of climate change. However, understanding the impact of land use change (LUC) and management practices on soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks is fundamental to ensuring well‐founded policymaking and assessing the sector's carbon footprint. Here, we conducted a meta‐analysis (511 pairwise observations) to obtain Brazil's SOC stock change factors (SOCscf) for LUC and management practices in sugarcane fields. Our results showed that converting native vegetation to sugarcane reduced the SOC stock in all assessed periods. The conversion from annual crops to sugarcane showed a reduction in SOC stock in the first 10 years but with a recovery over time. The conversion of pasture to sugarcane reduced the SOC stock only in the 10–20‐year period and had a neutral effect in other periods evaluated. However, our dataset showed high variability in SOCscf, with many observations indicating an increase in SOC stock, which is related to degraded pastures. We observed that the SOC accumulation rate for each ton of sugarcane straw was affected by the interaction between soil texture and precipitation. Regarding straw management, a low removal rate ( 66%) removal resulted in losses of 5.0% (SOCscf 0.950) and 9.9% (SOCscf 0.901), respectively. Our results also showed that reduced tillage and vinasse application increased SOC stocks by 24.0% (SOCscf 1.24) and 10.0% (SOCscf 1.10) respectively, proving to be good strategies to support C sequestration in sugarcane fields. Finally, we highlight that our results can contribute to the improvement of public policies and also be used in future life cycle assessment (LCA) and modeling studies, as they provide robust data to establishing regional SOCscf induced by LUC and management practices, enhancing the reliability of the C footprint assessment of biofuel production.

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a resposta de um programa nutricional isento de aditivos melhoradores de desempenho comparado a um programa com uso de simbióticos, em situação de desafio entérico ou não, sobre a saúde intestinal e o desempenho de frangos de corte. Foram utilizados 864 pintos de corte, machos de 1 dia de idade, linhagem Cobb. As aves foram distribuídas em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, esquema fatorial 2 x 2 (2 dietas x 2 condições sanitárias), totalizando 4 dietas com 12 repetições de 18 aves por gaiola, totalizando 48 unidades experimentais. As dietas utilizadas foram dieta controle (Dieta A); dieta controle + simbiótico (Dieta B); dieta A + desafio entérico e dieta B + desafio entérico. Aos 14 dias de idade, foi aplicado o desafio entérico com vacina comercial para coccidiose (20 vezes a dose recomendada pelo fabricante) seguido da inoculação contendo Escherichia coli (ATCC® 8739™). O desafio entérico resultou em pior desempenho produtivo em todas as fases avaliadas, e alterou a morfometria da mucosa intestinal, cinco dias após o desafio. Aos 28 dias de idade, duas semanas após o desafio entérico, observou-se um processo de regeneração já em resolução. A suplementação das dietas com o simbiótico melhorou a conversão alimentar das aves aos 28 dias de idade, independentemente do desafio experimental. A suplementação com simbiótico resultou em maior força de ruptura, dureza e elasticidade da mucosa intestinal do jejuno das aves. Esses resultados evidenciam que é possível melhorar a produtividade com o uso alternativo de aditivos zootécnicos, mesmo em ambientes experimentais cujas variáveis são controladas e isentas de desafio que comprometa o bem-estar e a saúde animal.

Resumé Studiet undersøger oplevelsen af overgangen mellem uddannelse og praksis i lærerprofessionen. Gennem otte semistrukturerede interviews med nyuddannede lærere og 4. års lærerstuderende afdækkes centrale temaer i overgangen. Deltagerne giver udtryk for, at uddannelse fungerer som en teoretisk værktøjskasse, men at overførslen af teori til praksis er udfordrende. Især klasserumsledelse opleves som svært at applicere på baggrund af den store grad af situeret viden i klasserummet. Centrale fund peger på, at fælles refleksion og erfaringsudveksling med fagfæller skaber relevant kompetenceudvikling, som kan støtte overgangen. Skolerne lægger hertil vægt på co-teaching, men den anvendes i praksis uden tilstrækkeligt refleksivt udbytte. Der opfordres til en stærkere integration af nye perspektiver i overgangen for at facilitere en bedre start ind i professionen. Denne integration kræver, at praktiklærere og kollegaer i praksis er i stand til at facilitere en fælles refleksiv praksis, hvor forståelser og handling kvalificeres med afsæt i teori og praksis. Abstract The study examines the experience of transitioning between education and practice within the teaching profession. Through eight semi-structured interviews with newly graduated teachers and fourth year teacher, central themes of the transition are uncovered. The analysis indicates that teacher education serves as a theoretical toolbox, but the transfer of theory into practice proves to be challenging. Particularly classroom management is perceived as difficult to implement due to the situated nature of classroom practices. Key findings suggest that joint reflection and exchanging experiences with peers foster professional development. Schools emphasize co-teaching; however, in practice, it is often utilized without reflective outcomes. A stronger integration of new perspectives during the transition is encouraged to facilitate a smoother entry into the profession. This integration requires that mentor teachers and colleagues in practice can facilitate a shared reflective practice, where conceptualisations and actions are qualified based on both theory and practice.

ABSTRACT The use of irrigation enhances productivity, reduces vulnerability to drought and climate variation, and boosts agricultural production. This study aimed to verify the economic viability of implementing center pivot irrigation for corn, cowpea, and soybean crops. A 50-hectare area irrigated by a center pivot system was considered, simulating rotational cultivation in the region of Paraíso das Águas, MS. The historical average ET0 of 8 mm day-1 for the region was used for project design and irrigation management. Financial indicators were calculated based on regional technical cultivation coefficients. Overall, 62.1% of the total production costs for the corn, cowpea, and soybean agricultural system were allocated to preparation, planting, cultural practices, and harvesting, while 34.8% were allocated to irrigation (investment in hydraulic equipment and infrastructure, energy, depreciation, and maintenance). The net present value (NPV) for corn, cowpea, and soybean crops were $72.07, $359.68, and $410.59 per hectare, respectively, averaging $842.34 per hectare per year. This profitability provides gains for producers, generating employment and regional development. The implementation of a 50-hectare center pivot irrigation system is economically feasible for cultivating corn, cowpea, and soybeans, considering a 4-year and 9-month return on capital investment under the study conditions.

Abstract The microbiome contributes to many different host traits, but its role in host adaptation remains enigmatic. The fitness benefits of the microbiome often depend on ecological conditions, but theory suggests that fluctuations in both the microbiome and environment modulate these fitness benefits. Moreover, vertically transmitted bacteria might constrain the ability of both the microbiome and host to respond to changing environments. Drosophila melanogaster provides an excellent system to investigate the impacts of interactions between the microbiome and the environment. To address this question, we created field mesocosms of D. melanogaster undergoing seasonal environmental change with and without the vertically transmitted bacteria, Wolbachia pipientis. Sampling temporal patterns in the microbiome revealed that Wolbachia constrained microbial diversity. Furthermore, Wolbachia and a dominant member of the microbiome, Commensalibacter, were associated with differences in two higher‐order fitness traits, starvation resistance and lifespan. Our work here suggests that the interplay between the abiotic context and microbe–microbe interactions may shape key host phenotypes that underlie adaptation to changing environments. We conclude by exploring the consequences of complex interactions between Wolbachia and the microbiome for our understanding of eco‐evolutionary processes that shape host‐microbiome interactions.

Resumo Fundamento É desconhecido se a linfopenia é fator de risco para a reativação da doença de Chagas no transplante cardíaco (TxC), como recentemente descrito na reativação de citomegalovírus em pacientes transplantados. Objetivo Avaliar se a linfopenia no perioperatório do TxC está relacionada à parasitemia precoce pelo Trypanosoma cruzi. Métodos Amostra analisada (janeiro de 2014 a janeiro de 2023) em estudo observacional e retrospectivo. A parasitemia foi avaliada nos primeiros 3 meses após o TxC por meio da reação em cadeia da polimerase sérica (PCR) e comparada com a contagem total de linfócitos no perioperatório do TxC por curvas ROC. Comparadas características de base com a PCR Chagas por modelos de risco proporcionais de Cox independentes. Nível de significância adotado de 5%. Resultados Amostra (n = 35) apresentou idade média de 52,5 ± 8,1 anos e PCR Chagas positiva em 22 pacientes (62,8%). As médias dos menores valores de linfócitos nos primeiros 14 dias do TxC foram 398 ± 189 e 755 ± 303 células/mm3 em pacientes com e sem parasitemia nos 3 meses após o TxC, respectivamente (área sob a curva = 0,857; intervalo de confiança de 95%: 0,996 a 0,718, sensibilidade e especificidade de 83,3% e 86,4%). Determinado valor de corte inferior a 550 linfócitos/mm3 como fator de risco para presença de parasitemia. Pacientes com linfócitos < 550 unidades/mm3 nos primeiros 14 dias do pós-TxC apresentaram PCR positiva em 80% dos casos. Para cada aumento de 100 linfócitos/mm3, o risco de positividade da PCR é reduzido em 26% (razão de riscos = 0,74; intervalo de confiança de 95%: 0,59 a 0,93, p = 0,009). Conclusão Houve associação entre a linfopenia no perioperatório do TxC com a parasitemia precoce pelo T. cruzi detectada por PCR.

Em 1820 eclodiu em Portugal um movimento conhecido como Revolução do Porto. Apesar deste acontecimento não significar um antecedente da independência, interpretação outrora consolidada sobre o assunto, este evento ao abolir, ainda que provisoriamente, o absolutismo no Reino Unido de Portugal, Brasil e Algarves pavimentou um novo momento histórico para Brasil e Portugal. Diante disso, objetiva-se no presente artigo explorar leituras constitucionais distintas, oriundas de expectativas geradas pela adesão do Maranhão à Revolução do Porto. Para tanto se refletirá sobre a situação econômica e política em que a capitania se encontrava quando aderiu ao movimento do Porto com especial ênfase para as alterações provocadas pela Companhia Geral de Comércio do Grão-Pará e Maranhão, a Abertura dos Portos e as liberdades constitucionais que a nova conjuntura pós-adesão proporcionou. Uma das premissas que sustentam o presente trabalho é de que a Revolução do Porto não está vinculada a Independência brasileira, mas o novo ambiente por ela proporcionado no Maranhão gerou um novo contexto sócio-político, consequência direta de suas ideias e que apenas no futuro será confrontada com a ideia de Independência

Abstract Bacteria have developed various defense mechanisms to avoid infection and killing in response to the fast evolution and turnover of viruses and other genetic parasites. Such pan-immune system (defensome) encompasses a growing number of defense lines that include well-studied innate and adaptive systems such as restriction-modification, CRISPR-Cas and abortive infection, but also newly found ones whose mechanisms are still poorly understood. While the abundance and distribution of defense systems is well-known in complete and culturable genomes, there is a void in our understanding of their diversity and richness in complex microbial communities. Here we performed a large-scale in-depth analysis of the defensomes of 7759 high-quality bacterial population genomes reconstructed from soil, marine, and human gut environments. We observed a wide variation in the frequency and nature of the defensome among large phyla, which correlated with lifestyle, genome size, habitat, and geographic background. The defensome’s genetic mobility, its clustering in defense islands, and genetic variability was found to be system-specific and shaped by the bacterial environment. Hence, our results provide a detailed picture of the multiple immune barriers present in environmentally distinct bacterial communities and set the stage for subsequent identification of novel and ingenious strategies of diversification among uncultivated microbes.

Abstract It is likely that individuals are turning to Large Language Models (LLMs) to seek health advice, much like searching for diagnoses on Google. We evaluate clinical accuracy of GPT-3·5 and GPT-4 for suggesting initial diagnosis, examination steps and treatment of 110 medical cases across diverse clinical disciplines. Moreover, two model configurations of the Llama 2 open source LLMs are assessed in a sub-study. For benchmarking the diagnostic task, we conduct a naïve Google search for comparison. Overall, GPT-4 performed best with superior performances over GPT-3·5 considering diagnosis and examination and superior performance over Google for diagnosis. Except for treatment, better performance on frequent vs rare diseases is evident for all three approaches. The sub-study indicates slightly lower performances for Llama models. In conclusion, the commercial LLMs show growing potential for medical question answering in two successive major releases. However, some weaknesses underscore the need for robust and regulated AI models in health care. Open source LLMs can be a viable option to address specific needs regarding data privacy and transparency of training.