Search

An accurate diagnosis of consciousness disorder after brain injury is the basis for further treatment. The previous evaluation of consciousness disorder after brain injury is mainly based on behavior scales and imaging examination, which is limited to subjective factors and external interference and difficult to detect and evaluate in real time. The development of objective and efficient evaluation methods of consciousness disorder after brain injury is currently a hot spot in clinical research. Neurophysiological monitoring is safe, objective, simple to operate, and can be detected continuously timely. It can be used as an evaluation method for consciousness disorder after brain injury. In this paper, we summarize the application paradigms and analysis methods of evoked potential and EEG in the clinical evaluation of consciousness disorder after brain injury in recent years, in order to provide new technical ideas for improving the clinical diagnosis and treatment of consciousness disorder after brain injury.

In atherosclerosis, macrophage-derived foam cell formation is considered to be a hallmark of the pathological process; this occurs via the uptake of modified lipoproteins. In the present study, we aim to determine the role of transaldolase in foam cell formation and atherogenesis and reveal the mechanisms underlying its role. Bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) isolated from mice successfully form foam cells after treatment with oxidized low-density lipoprotein (80 μg/mL). Elevated transaldolase levels in the foam cell model are assessed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis. Transaldolase overexpression and knockdown in BMDMs are achieved via plasmid transfection and small interfering RNA technology, respectively. We find that transaldolase overexpression effectively attenuates, whereas transaldolase knockdown accelerates, macrophage-derived foam cell formation through the inhibition or activation of cholesterol uptake mediated by the scavenger receptor cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36) in a p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling-dependent manner. Transaldolase-mediated glutathione (GSH) homeostasis is identified as the upstream regulator of p38 MAPK-mediated CD36-dependent cholesterol uptake in BMDMs. Transaldolase upregulates GSH production, thereby suppressing p38 activity and reducing the CD36 level, ultimately preventing foam cell formation and atherosclerosis. Thus, our findings indicate that the transaldolase-GSH-p38-CD36 axis may represent a promising therapeutic target for atherosclerosis.

ObjectiveTo identify 1-（4-fluorophenyl）-2-（1-pyrrolidinyl） pentan-1-one （4-F-α-PVP） analog 1-（4-fluoro-3-methyl phenyl）-2-（1-pyrrolidinyl） pentan-1-one （4-F-3-Methyl-α-PVP） hydrochloride without reference substance.MethodsThe direct-injection electron ionization-mass spectrometry （EI-MS）, GC-MS, electrospray ionization-high resolution mass spectrometry （ESI-HRMS）, ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-high resolution tandem mass spectrometry （UPLC-HRMS/MS）, nuclear magnetic resonance （NMR）, ion chromatography and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FTIR） were integrated utilized to achieve the structural analysis and characterization of the unknown compound in the sample, and the cleavage mechanism of the fragment ions was deduced by EI-MS and UPLC-HRMS/MS.ResultsBy analyzing the direct-injection EI-MS, GC-MS, ESI-HRMS and UPLC-HRMS/MS of the compound in the samples, it was concluded that the unknown compound was a structural analog of 4-F-α-PVP, possibly with one more methyl group in the benzene ring. According to the analysis results of 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR, it was further proved that the methyl group is located at the 3-position of the benzene ring. Since the actual number of hydrogen in 1H-NMR analysis was one more than 4-F-3-Methyl-α-PVP neutral molecule, it was inferred that the compound existed in the form of salt. Ion chromatography analysis results showed that the compound contained chlorine anion （content 11.14%-11.16%）, with the structural analysis of main functional group information by FTIR, the unknown compound was finally determined to be 4-F-3-Methyl-α-PVP hydrochloride.ConclusionA comprehensive method using EI-MS, GC-MS, ESI-HRMS, UPLC-HRMS/MS, NMR, ion chromatography and FTIR to identify 4-F-3-Methyl-α-PVP hydrochloride in samples is established, which will be helpful for the forensic science laboratory to identify this compound or other analog compounds.

Objective: This study aimed to optimize the wet processing of coffee. Methods: The effects of pectinase concentration, temperature and drying method on the contents of flavor precursors and flavor substances in coffee beans were investigated. The quality ranking was obtained by grey correlation analysis and the volatile substances were analyzed. Results: There were significant differences in the contents of protein, crude fat, caffeic acid, caffeine, chlorogenic acid and volatile compounds among different pectinase concentration, temperature, sun drying and heat pump drying. Grey correlation analysis showed that the quality ranking of coffee in the 2% pectinase + 27 ℃+ sun-drying treatment group was the first. The protein content in green coffee beans was 14.04%, the crude fat content was 9.05%, the caffeic acid content in roasted coffee beans was 1.05 mg/g, the caffeine content was 1.41%, and the chlorogenic acid content was 13.89 mg/g. The relative contents of the main volatile substances esters and acids were 40.87 μg/g and 7.62 μg/g, respectively. Conclusion: The comprehensive quality of coffee obtained by 2% pectinase + 27 ℃ + sun-drying was the best.

Ferroptosis is a newly identified form of non-apoptotic cell death characterised primarily by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation. It differs morphologically, biochemically, and genetically from other forms of cell death, such as apoptosis, autophagy, and necrosis. Although the molecular mechanism underlying ferroptosis remains unclear, multiple biological processes, such as iron metabolism, lipid peroxides, and systems, such as the glutathione system and the tetrahydrobiopterin/coenzyme Q10 system, appear to be involved. While the contribution of ferroptotic mechanisms to human diseases is not clear, recent studies have identified a number of ferroptosis-related genes. Cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of death globally. In this review, we outline the progress regarding the emerging role of ferroptosis in the pathogenesis of cardiac pathophysiological conditions and the association of ferroptosis with cardiomyopathy, myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, heart failure, and atherosclerosis. We further summarise newly discovered ferroptotic targets for the development of therapies for cardiovascular diseases. Finally, we discuss the current challenges and future research directions in cardiovascular disease treatments.

Non-rubber components are critical in the formation of the natural rubber (NR) vulcanization network, which leads to outstanding mechanical properties of NR. This study reports the effect of NR endogenous proteins (C-serum protein/lutoid protein [CSP/LP]) on the formation of vulcanization networks at the molecular level. Results indicate that CSP/LP has a positive effect on vulcanization. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses demonstrate that the decrease in vulcanization time of CSP/LP is ascribed to coordination interaction between Zn2+ and amide bond. The interaction increases the availability of ZnO in the matrix, thereby promoting the formation of the vulcanized network. CSP/LP also participates in the construction of the vulcanization network as a new crosslinking point, thus increasing crosslinking density and improving the mechanical properties of the NR. This study provides new research ideas for studying the relationship among component–structure–property of NR materials and developing high-strength and high-toughness elastomer materials.

The self lubricating wear-resistant coatings were prepared on the surface of 304 stainless steel successfully using laser cladding synchronous powder feeding method, the ratio of cladding powder was pure Co, Co-2%Ti3SiC2(mass fraction, the same below) and Co-8%Ti3SiC2. The microstructure of the cladding coating was characterized by scanning electron microscope(SEM), energy spectrum analyzer(EDS) and X-ray diffractometer(XRD). The tribological performance and related mechanisms of 304 substrate and coatings at RT/600℃ were systematically investigated. The results show that the average microhardness of the N1, N2 and N3 coatings are 285.7HV0.5, 356.3HV0.5 and 463.8HV0.5, which are all much higher than that of the matrix(240.3HV0.5). Co-Ti3SiC2 composite coatings are composed of continuous matrix γ-Co solid solution, hard phase (Fe2C, Cr7C3 and TiC) and lubricating phase Ti3SiC2. At room temperature, the friction coefficients of the matrix and the N1, N2 and N3 coatings are 0.56, 0.62, 0.68 and 0.42, the wear rates of the N1, N2, N3 coatings are 9.15×10-5, 7.81×10-5, 4.66×10-5 mm3/(N·m), which are lower than that of the matrix (66.42×10-5 mm3/(N·m)); at high temperature, the friction coefficients of the matrix and the N1, N2 and N3 coatings are 0.66, 0.54, 0.52 and 0.46, the wear rates of the N1, N2, N3 coatings are 37.79×10-5, 35.6×10-5, 18.83×10-5 mm3/(N·m), which are lower than that of the matrix (41.3×10-5 mm3/(N·m)).At room temperature and 600℃, compared with the 304 stainless substrate, the coatings have the obvious higher microhardness, and the Co-8%Ti3SiC2 coating exhibits the best self-lubricating wear resistance.

Objective To investigate the role of autophagy in the hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R) model of rat alveolar epithelial cell type Ⅱ (AEC Ⅱ). Methods Cells were randomly divided into control group (C),hypoxia-reoxygenation group (H/R),solvent group (HD),autophagy agonist group(Rap) and autophagy inhibitor group (3-MA).Pretreated cells with 3-mA 1h before hypoxia. The cell viability was determined with CCK-8, and used RT-PCR, Western blot to detect the expression of autophagy related mRNA transmission and its proteins, and ultrastructure of cell was examined by electron microscopy. Results Compared to the C group, the cell viability decreased, the expression of autophagy related proteins and gene transcription increased, and the cell ultra-structure was significantly damaged (P＜0.05). The cell viability in 3-MA group was higher than that of H/R group, the autophagy related proteins and their gene transcription were all decreased (P＜0.05), the cell structure was damaged slightly,and autophagy body was not found. Conclusions Hypoxia-reoxygenation can activate autophagy and induce alveolar epithelial cell type Ⅱ damage.

Abstract Polymer flooding, as the most successful and well-known chemical EOR method was broadly applied around the world. Mostly, contrasted with Waterflooding, the production rate decrease during polymer flooding is smaller based on field application. Nevertheless, the production liquid rate decreased critically in the middle phase to late phase due to plugging, which could lead the way to poor flooding performance and fewer cumulative oil. In this work, first, we approached the affecting polymer plugging mechanism model on liquid production decrease to investigate the parameters such as; solid-phase concentration (SOLIDMIN), reacting frequency factor (FREQFAC) and others affecting components are all investigated consecutively. Secondly the model approached by cross-linked gel for the improvement of production liquid rate. The physical work was designed by a physical model, and then the polymer adsorption that generating blockage emerging in permeability diminish assessed by a mathematical model. The outcomes specify that the existence of this debris, excessive assemblage of solid-phase and the excessive reactant frequency factor has major mechanical and physical parameters effects on the reservoir throughout polymer flooding. Polymer flood model base case liquid ratio loss is 11.15 m3/day between the years 2014-08-01 to 2020-03-04. Comparing with the polymer flood model case 1, liquid ratio loss ranging to 1.97 m3/day between the years 2014-08-02 to 2020-03-03. While the oil ratio loss of the polymer flood base case model between the years 2015-07-08 to 2020-03-04 attained 12.4 m3/day contrasting with the polymer flood model case 1 oil ratio increase to 0.37 m3/day between the years 2014-08-04 to 2019-04-02. The cross-linked gel model base case liquid ratio loss is 2.09 m3/day between the years 2015-01-02 to 2020-02-03, while the oil ratio lost reached 9.15 m3/day between the years 2015-09-01 to 2020-02-03. Contrasting with the cross-linked gel model case 2 liquid ratio recovered from the loss and attained 25.43 m3/day in the year 2020-12-01, while the oil ratio is reached 15.22 m3/day in the year 2020-12-01. Polymer flood model examined through cross-linked gel model performed reliable outcomes by taking out the plugging, which also occasioned the reservoir production rate to decrease. With the application of cross-linked gel the affected parameters and the production rate have achieved an improvement.

A roof?rib pillar support system is often formed in the metal mines that applied to the backfill mining method. In order to ensure the safe mining, it is of great significance to explore the failure mechanism of the roof?rib pillar support system under backfill mining. On the basis of considering the side pressure effect of the backfill on the rib pillar, a mechanical model of the roof?rib pillar support system under backfill mining was established. Furthermore, the catastrophe theory was used to explore the failure mechanism of the supporting system under the action of the filling body, and the influence of the structural parameters of the support system before and after filling on the stability of the stope was analyzed. The research results show that under the condition of certain mechanical properties of the rock mass, the stability of the roof?rib pillar support system under backfill mining is controlled by the stope structure parameters (roof thickness, stope span, rib pillar width, rib pillar height), the overburden load and the side pressure of the backfill. The addition of the filling body will reduce the stiffness ratio of the support system, thereby improving the stability of the stope. When the stope is at an unfilled state, the optimization sequence of the structural parameters of the support system should be roof thickness, stope span, rib pillar width and rib pillar height. When the stope is at the state of filling, the optimization sequence should be roof thickness, rib pillar width, stope span, and rib pillar height. The combination of theoretical derivation and numerical simulation is applied in the supporting project to verify the correctness of theoretical derivation.

To study the influence of basalt fibers on the viscoelastic mechanical properties of asphalt concrete (AC) mixtures, unconfined compressive dynamic modulus tests were performed on styrene–butadiene–styrene (SBS)-modified AC mixtures reinforced with various contents of basalt fibers ranging from 0.2 to 0.5% by weight at five temperatures and six load frequencies, and the dynamic moduli and phase angles of the mixtures were measured. Compared with the test results of the control mixture (with no basalt fibers), the data show that the high-temperature dynamic modulus of the mixtures initially increases and subsequently decreases with increasing fiber content and reaches its maximum value when the basalt fiber content is 0.3%, while the low-temperature dynamic modulus decreases monotonically with increasing fiber content. Furthermore, the phase angle of the mixtures initially decreases and later increases with increasing fiber content and reaches its minimum value when the basalt fiber content is 0.3%. These behaviors indicate that the addition of basalt fiber improves the high-temperature rutting resistance and low-temperature cracking resistance of the SBS-modified AC mixtures. In addition, the results of the wheel rut test exhibit a good correlation with the results of the dynamic modulus test, revealing the reliability of the dynamic modulus test for evaluating the high-temperature rutting resistance of basalt-fiber-reinforced AC mixtures.

304 stainless steel has poor tribological properties at medium and high temperatures, severely limiting its application to the important frictional motion auxiliary parts. In order to improve the tribological properties of 304 stainless steel,Ni60 powder was used as toughening phase,WS2 acted as precursor for synthetic lubricating phase,TiC used as high-hardness and wear-resistant phase,and high-energy laser beam was used to in-situ synthesize a self-lubricating and anti-wear composite coating on its surface. The phase compositions, microstructure,microhardness and surface topogr-aphies of the coating and substrate were characterized by XRD,SEM,microhardness tester,friction and wear tester and the probe-type surface profilometer, and the tribological properties as well as the corresponding wear mechanisms of the coating and substrate at 20,300,600,800 ℃ were systematically studied. Results indicate that the coating is mainly composed of Cr0.19Fe0.7Ni0.11,Ti2SC,Fe2C,Cr7C3,CrS and WS2. Although the average microhardness of the coating (302.0HV0.5) is slightly higher than that of the substrate (257.2HV0.5), the hardness of the upper region of the coating (425.4HV0.5) is about 1.65 times that of the substrate. The friction coefficients and wear rates of coating are lower than that of the substrate at all the isothermal tribological experiments. The coating possesses the best lubrication effect at 300 ℃ with friction coefficient of 0.3031, and the best wear resistance at 600 ℃ with a wear rate of 9.699×10-5 mm3·N-1·m-1.

In order to improve the high temperature tribological properties of Ti6Al4V alloy, multi-phase hybrid metal matrix high-temperature self-lubricating anti-wear composite coating was in-situ synthesized by laser clad with the powder precursor of Ni60-16.8%TiC-23.2%WS2(mass fraction, the same below). The microstructure, phase composition and tribological properties as well as the corresponding wear mechanisms of the composite coating at 20, 300, 600, 800℃ were analyzed systematically. The results show that the microhardness of the composite coating (701.88HV0.5) is about two-fold of the substrate (350HV0.5). Due to the synergetic effect of the in-situ synthesized solid lubricants Ti2SC/TiS/NiS/TiO/TiO2/NiCr2O4/Cr2O3 and hard phases (W,Ti)C1-x/TiC/Cr7C3, both the wear resistant and friction reducing capabilities of the composite coating are better than that of the substrate. With the increase of temperature, the friction coefficient and wear rates of the composite coating and the substrate all exhibit decreasing trend, i.e., the friction coefficient of the composite coating and substrate are 0.32, 0.43 and wear rates are 1.80×10-4, 2.92×10-5mm/Nm at 800℃, respectively. The main wear mechanisms of substrate are mainly plastic deformation and delamination as well as oxidation wear, while the composite coating is predominated by the oxidation wear and slight adhesive wear at 800℃.

With waste walnut shell as raw material, biomass based porous active carbon was made by microwave oven method. The effects of microwave power, activation time and mass fraction of phosphoric acid on adsorptive property of biomass based porous active carbon in the process of physical activation of active carbon precursor were studied by response surface method and numerical simulation method, the preparation plan of biomass based porous active carbon was optimized, and the optimal biomass based porous active carbon property was characterized. The results show that three factors affect the adsorptive property of biomass based porous active carbon, but the effect of microwave power is obviously more significant than that of mass fraction of phosphoric acid, and the effect of mass fraction of phosphoric acid is more significant than that of activation time. The optimized preparation conditions are:microwave power is 746W, activation time is 11.2min and mass fraction of phosphoric acid is 85.9% in the process of physical activation of activated carbon precursor by microwave heating method. For the optimal biomass based porous active carbon, the adsorption value of iodine is 1074.57mg/g, adsorption value of methylene blue is 294.4mL/g and gain rate is 52.1%.

A Cartesian product code of the linear codes C1 , , C s in 1 , ,Z r Z rs was defined. According to the theorem of submodulo isomorphism, the relationship between the rank of the Cartesian product code C1 × C 2 × × Cs over Z r1 × Z r2 × × Zrsand C1 , C 2, , C scodes overZ r1 × Z r2 × × Zrs were studied. Furthermore, it can include that Cartesian product code of MDS codes is MDR code, and so do the self -dual.