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Medium-temperature anaerobic digestion experiments lasting for 55 days were conducted using sulfamethoxazole (SMX)-containing chicken manure in sequential batch reactors added with nano-Fe2O3 at a concentration of 300 mg·kg−1·TS or nano-C60 at a concentration of 100 mg·kg−1·TS. The effects of nanoparticles on the anaerobic digestion properties of SMX-containing chicken manure were assessed by measuring the following indicators: biogas production by anaerobic digestion, chemical parameters, enzyme concentrations, and bacterial diversity and changes in antibiotic concentrations over time. The law of bacterial degradation of SMX was analyzed. The results showed that (1) adding either nano-Fe2O3 or nano-C60 promoted biogas production by anaerobic production from chicken manure containing different concentrations of SMX, and the cumulative biogas production in Fe2O3 and nano-C60 increased by 35.4% and 130.7%, respectively. The final cumulative biogas productions in different groups were as follows: 3,712(CK), 4,281(S1), 3,968(S2), 4,061(S3), 4,498(S4), and 4,639(S5) mL and the final concentration of SMX residues varied between 99.79% and 99.94%; (2) Bacterial abundance at the phylum level: on day 1, Firmicutes and Bacteroidota were the main dominant bacterial phyla, with relative abundances of 45.13–68.53% and 26.12–48.32%, respectively. The addition of nanoparticles increased the abundance of Bacteroidota in S4 and S5 significantly. The abundance of Bacteroidota was slightly higher in the group added with nanoparticles than in S2. On day 50, Firmicutes became the dominant bacterial phylum, and its relative abundance varied little across the groups, ranging from 90.87% to 94.54%; (3) At different stages, the bacterial community structure at the genus level was dramatically affected by substrates. As nutrients were being depleted, some bacterial communities lost their original competitive advantages. On day 5, the relative abundance of Prevotella increased. Especially, the relative abundances of Prevotella in S4 and S5 added with nanoparticles were lower than that in S2 by 8–10%. On day 15, the relative abundance of Prevotella in S2 decreased compared with the control group CK. A decrease was also observed in S4 and S5, although to a smaller extent than in S2.

In order to investigate the effect of ultrasound on the structure and physical stability of chicken myofibrillar protein (MP) under low-salt conditions (0.15 mol/L NaCl), as well as the oxidizing effect of free radicals generated by ultrasound on MP, this study investigated the changes in the structure and oxidative properties of MP under low-salt conditions after ultrasound treatments (20 kHz, 450 W for 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 min). The results showed that compared with the control group, the solubility, physical stability, and absolute ζ-potential of MP under low-salt conditions increased significantly (P < 0.05) with ultrasonic treatment time, whereas the turbidity and particle size decreased significantly (P < 0.05). The solubility was increased to 58.5% after 12 min of ultrasonic treatment. After ultrasonic treatment, the surface hydrophobicity and molecular flexibility were significantly increased, indicating that ultrasonic treatment caused the highly aggregated structure of myofibrillar protein to unfold and the internal hydrophobic groups to be exposed under low-salt conditions. After ultrasonic treatment for more than 6 min, the free sulfhydryl content of MP began to gradually decrease, whereas the content of disulfide bonds increased. After ultrasonic treatment for 12 min, the contents of free radicals, carbonyl groups and dimerized tyrosine (by 20.55%) were significantly increased (P < 0.05), while the free amino group content was decreased significantly (P < 0.05). In conclusion, ultrasonic treatment changed the structural properties of MP under low-salt conditions and increased its physical stability, thereby contributing to the formation of emulsions. Ultrasonic treatment can generate free radicals; ultrasonic treatment time for 6 min can exacerbate the oxidation of MP. So, attention should be paid to the oxidizing effect of free radicals generated by ultrasound on MP when applying ultrasonic treatment to improve the functional properties of MP.

Abstract Characteristic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are anticipated to be used for the identification of lung cancer cells. However, to date, consistent biomarkers of VOCs in lung cancer cells have not been obtained through direct comparison between cancer and healthy groups. In this study, we regulated the glycolysis, a common metabolic process in cancer cells, and employed solid phase microextraction gas chromatography mass spectrometry (SPME–GC–MS) combined with untargeted analysis to identify the characteristic VOCs shared by cancer cells. The VOCs released by three types of lung cancer cells (A549, PC-9, NCI-H460) and one normal lung epithelial cell (BEAS-2B) were detected using SPME–GC–MS, both in their resting state and after treatment with glycolysis inhibitors (2-Deoxy-d-glucose, 2-DG/3-Bromopyruvic acid, 3-BrPA). Untargeted analysis methods were employed to compare the VOC profiles between each type of cancer cell and normal cells before and after glycolysis regulation. Our findings revealed that compared to normal cells, the three types of lung cancer cells exhibited three common differential VOCs in their resting state: ethyl propionate, acetoin, and 3-decen-5-one. Furthermore, under glycolysis control, a single common differential VOC—acetoin was identified. Notably, acetoin levels increased by 2.60–3.29-fold in all three lung cancer cell lines upon the application of glycolysis inhibitors while remaining relatively stable in normal cells. To further elucidate the formation mechanism of acetoin, we investigated its production by blocking glutaminolysis. This interdisciplinary approach combining metabolic biochemistry with MS analysis through interventional synthetic VOCs holds great potential for revolutionizing the identification of lung cancer cells and paving the way for novel cytological examination techniques.

Taking chicken manure containing antibiotic oxytetracycline (OTC) as the research object, nano-Fe2O3 with a concentration of 300 mg/kg TS and nano-C60 with a concentration of 100 mg/kg TS as carriers were used for a 55-day sequential batch mesophilic anaerobic digestion experiment. The gas production performance, chemical parameters, antibiotic content, enzyme concentration, and resistance gene changes during anaerobic digestion were analyzed to clarify the effect of nanoparticles on anaerobic systems containing antibiotic chicken manure and provide a reliable basis for pollution reduction capacity of livestock and poultry manure. The results showed that (1) adding nano-Fe2O3 and nano-C60 promoted anaerobic gas production in chicken manure with different concentrations of OTC. The cumulative gas production from days 1 to 10 was 2,234(T5) > 2,163(T4) > 1,445(T2) > 1,289(T3) > 1,220(T1) > 1,216(CK) mL. The cumulative gas production of T4 and T5 increased by 77.29 and 83.11%, respectively. The final cumulative gas production for each group was 3,712(CK), 3,993(T1), 4,344(T2), 4,447(T3), 4,671(T4), and 4,849(T5) mL. The final OTC residue concentrations were 15.25, 20.40, 56.56, 17.67, and 16.89 μg/L, with degradation rates of 98.31, 98.80, 98.29, 99.07, and 99.11% respectively; (2) antibiotic OTC increased the activities of dehydrogenase, amylase, protease, and urease, while adding nanoparticles increased the activities of dehydrogenase and amylase, with no significant impact on cellulase, urease, and protease activities; (3) antibiotic resistance gene (ARGs) of various types were found in groups T2, T4, and T5, with the multidrug resistance gene (ARGs)-Multidrug accounting for a high proportion of 33.54, 35.63, and 37.43%, respectively, while the proportions of the other four types MLS, tetracycline, glycopeptide, and peptide ranged from 8.18 to 12.98%.

Abstract Background and aim Conflicting results have been reported on the association between Parkinson's disease (PD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in different populations. Therefore, studying the relationship between PD and CVD mortality is crucial to reduce mortality caused by the former. Methods In this cohort investigation, we enrolled 28,242 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey spanning from 2003 to 2018. The 380 cases of PD in the cohort were identified by documenting ‘ANTIPARKINSON AGENTS’ in their reported prescription medications. Mortality outcomes were ascertained by cross-referencing the cohort database with the National Death Index, which was last updated on 31 December 2019. Cardiovascular disease mortality was categorised according to the 10th revision of the International Classification of Diseases by using a spectrum of diagnostic codes. Weighted multivariable Cox regression analysis was used to examine the association between PD and the risk of CVD mortality. Results A total of 28,242 adults were included in the study [mean age, 60.156 (12.55) years, 13,766 men (48.74%)], and the median follow-up period was 89 months. Individuals with PD had an adjusted HR of 1.82 (95% CI, 1.24–2.69; p = 0.002) for CVD mortality and 1.84 (95% CI, 1.44–2.33; p

This study investigated the effects of ultrasound treatment at different powers (0, 150, 300, 450 and 600 W) and a 20 kHz frequency for different durations (0, 5, 10 and 15 minutes) on the structure, physicochemical properties and emulsifying performance of sarcoplasmic proteins (SP) extracted from pale, soft and exudative (PSE)-like chicken meat. The results of sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) showed no significant changes in the composition of SP before and after ultrasound treatment. Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy showed that sonication did not alter the secondary structure of PSE-like chicken SP. Both ultrasonic treatment time and power had significant effects on the particle size, turbidity, potential, surface hydrophobicity, fluorescence intensity, ultraviolet (UV) absorption spectrum, solubility, and emulsifying properties of SP. With increasing ultrasonication time and ultrasonic power, the average particle size and turbidity of SP decreased significantly (P < 0.05), reaching minimum values of 237.2 nm and 0.018, respectively. The absolute value of zeta potential, solubility, surface hydrophobicity, and fluorescence intensity significantly increased. Experimental results showed that the most pronounced effects were observed at a 600 W power and 15 min, resulting in an up to 44.72% increase in solubility compared with the control group. In addition, ultrasonication could significantly increase the emulsifying activity index (EAI) and emulsion stability index (ESI) of SP, and reduced the turbiscan stability index (TSI) of the emulsion stabilized by SP (P < 0.05). The highest emulsifying performance of SP was observed after ultrasonication at 20 kHz, 300 W for 15 min, with a 79.18% increase in EAI and a 44.87% increase in ESI. In summary, ultrasonication changed the structural properties of PSE-like chicken SP and effectively improved its solubility and emulsifying properties.

This paper introduced the design and application of a disposable container for 24-hour urine collection. This disposable container was designed to reduce the risk of infection, reduce the occupational exposure and improve the accuracy and convenience in 24-hour urine collection. The use of disposable container may also help to improve indoor air quality and patient comfort during hospitalization. (本文介绍一种一次性24小时尿液标本收集器的设计和应用。该设计能够降低感染风险, 更好地保护医护人员, 帮助医护人员更精确地留取标本, 更便捷地收取标本, 同时有助于提升室内空气清新度, 提升患者住院期间的舒适度。)

Abstract Adverse perinatal factors can interfere with the normal development of the brain, potentially resulting in long-term effects on the comprehensive development of children. Presently, the understanding of cognitive and neurodevelopmental processes under conditions of adverse perinatal factors is substantially limited. There is a critical need for an open resource that integrates various perinatal factors with the development of the brain and mental health to facilitate a deeper understanding of these developmental trajectories. In this Data Descriptor, we introduce a multicenter database containing information on perinatal factors that can potentially influence children’s brain-mind development, namely, periCBD, that combines neuroimaging and behavioural phenotypes with perinatal factors at county/region/central district hospitals. PeriCBD was designed to establish a platform for the investigation of individual differences in brain-mind development associated with perinatal factors among children aged 3–10 years. Ultimately, our goal is to help understand how different adverse perinatal factors specifically impact cognitive development and neurodevelopment. Herein, we provide a systematic overview of the data acquisition/cleaning/quality control/sharing, processes of periCBD.

There are no sufficient researches into the umbrella arch method for highway tunnel reinforcement. Finding a way to ensure the lining has enough bearing capacity to meet the engineering requirements under the premise that the highway tunnel lining reinforcing structure is not thinned beyond its limit is now a high priority in the research into umbrella arch method. This paper proposes a new reinforcing method, where a composite structure built of ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) and normal concrete (NC) is used to reinforce the lining. The flexural test and numerical simulation of UHPC-NC composite beam member have been conducted, so as to investigate the flexural bearing capacity of the reinforcing structure from the aspect of members. According to the results, greater thickness of section results in greater bearing capacity of composite beam and greater flexural stiffness. Increasing the UHPC thickness will increase the bearing capacity of the specimens with 120 mm thickness of section, but will not significantly improve the bearing capacity of the specimen with 150 mm thickness of section. Greater roughness of composite material interface results in greater bearing capacity and better crack resistance of the specimens.

Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is significantly associated with adverse prognostic outcomes. The development and progression of different types of human tumors are significantly influenced by APOB. Nevertheless, the significance and pathomechanisms of APOB in HCC have not been conclusively determined. We assessed APOB expression levels in HCC using three publicly available databases of TIMER2.0, UALCAN and Human Protein Atlas. To identify the biological function of APOB, we conducted enrichment analysis via LinkedOmics. Moreover, UALCAN was employed to assess the relationship between APOB expression and clinicopathological features among HCC patients. Additionally, the Kaplan–Meier plotter was utilized to investigate the prognostic relevance of APOB in HCC. To explore potential regulatory ncRNAs that could bind to APOB, we utilized StarBase and GEPIA. Furthermore, the correlation between APOB expression and immune cell infiltration, as well as immune checkpoint genes, was investigated using Spearman's correlation analysis in TISIDB, GEPIA, and TIMER2.0. The findings of our investigation showed a notable decrease in the expression levels of APOB among individuals diagnosed with HCC. Moreover, a noteworthy correlation was observed between the expression of APOB and immune checkpoint genes, alongside the occurrence of immune cell infiltration. The levels of APOB expression in HCC tissues also showed correlations with various clinicopathological features. According to Cox regression analysis, decreased APOB expression emerged as a potential autonomous predictor for OS, RFS, DSS, and PFS among HCC patients. Furthermore, we identified six potential pathways associated with non-coding RNA (ncRNA) as the most promising pathway for APOB in HCC. Our results illuminate the possible involvement of APOB in HCC and offer understanding into its governing mechanisms and medical importance.

Abstract Background The new-onset postoperative atrial fibrillation (NOPAF) following pulmonary resection is a common clinical concern. The aim of this study was to construct a nomogram to intuitively predict the risk of NOPAF and offered protective treatments. Methods Patients who underwent pulmonary resection between January 2018 and December 2020 were consecutively enrolled. Forward stepwise multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to screen independent predictors, and a derived nomogram model was built. The model performance was evaluated in terms of calibration, discrimination and clinical utility and validated with bootstrap resampling. Results A total of 3583 patients who met the research criteria were recruited for this study. The incidence of NOPAF was 1.507% (54/3583). A nomogram, composed of five independent predictors, namely age, admission heart rate, extent of resection, laterality, percent maximum ventilation volume per minute (%MVV), was constructed. The concordance index (C-index) was 0.811. The nomogram showed substantial discriminative ability, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.811 (95% CI 0.758-0.864). Moreover, the model shows prominent calibration performance and higher net clinical benefits. Conclusion We developed a novel nomogram that can predict the risk of NOPAF following pulmonary resection, which may assist clinicians predict the individual probability of NOPAF and perform available prophylaxis. By using bootstrap resampling for validation, the optimal discrimination and calibration were demonstrated, indicating that the nomogram may have clinical practicality.

This article summarized the nursing of a patient with epigastric pain treated with acupoint finger-pressing therapy combined with Traditional Chinese Medicine ointment rubbing therapy. Key issues of nursing included nursing assessment, lifestyle guidance, diet nursing, acupoint finger-pressing and Traditional Chinese Medicine ointment rubbing therapy. Based on the acupoints selection by syndrome differentiation, the acupoint finger-pressing and Traditional Chinese Medicine ointment rubbing therapy had successfully relieved the epigastric pain symptoms of the patient. (本文总结手指点穴联合中药膏摩治疗1例胃脘部胀痛患者的护理体会, 包括护理评估、生活指导、饮食护理、手指点穴以及中药膏摩操作方法等。根据辩证分析选取穴位, 配合常规护理, 运用手指点穴联合中药膏摩的护理方法能够有效缓解患者胃脘部胀痛症状。)

The internal dimension of a small diameter variable cross-section composite inlet is small,the surface treatment is difficult,and the overall manufacturing is difficult. How to reduce the process difficulty on the basis of meeting the surface quality requirements of the inlet,and at the same time endow the parts with functionality,is an urgent problem to be solved. A manufacturing method is proposed,which can realize structural and functional integration. The block and combined structure design is adopted,then the skin parts with uniform thickness(surface waviness not exceeding 0.5 mm) and small deformation are formed under the process control. To solve the problem of seam level difference between segmented skins,the synergistic method of flange edge connection and fixed connection with plate is adopted. After assembly alignment,the surface quality of the inlet cavity meets the requirements,and the effective filling of the joint further guarantees the realization of the aircraft function. Then the composite air inlet that meet the design and usage requirements has been successfully manufactured.

Abstract The greater wax moth (GWM), Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), is a major bee pest that causes significant damage to beehives and results in economic losses. Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) appears as a potential sustainable solution to control this pest. Here, we develop a novel Bt strain (designated BiotGm) that exhibits insecticidal activity against GWM larvae with a LC50 value lower than 2 μg/g, and low toxicity levels to honey bee with a LC50 = 20598.78 μg/mL for larvae and no observed adverse effect concentration = 100 μg/mL for adults. We design an entrapment method consisting of a lure for GWM larvae, BiotGm, and a trapping device that prevents bees from contacting the lure. We find that this method reduces the population of GWM larvae in both laboratory and field trials. Overall, these results provide a promising direction for the application of Bt-based biological control of GWM in beehives, although further optimization remain necessary.

ObjectiveTo investigate the incidence and severity of COVID-19 reinfection.MethodsWe searched relevant studies on COVID-19 reinfection， including cohort study， case report， and cross-sectional study in PubMed， Embase， CNKI and Wanfang databases. Revman5.3.0 was used for statistical analysis.ResultsA total of 52 studies in 19 countries were included. These literatures showed moderate and high quality. Furthermore， the pooled incidence of COVID-19 reinfection was estimated to be 1.9%（95%CI： 0.9%‒4.7%， P

To study the impact of global warming on the yield and quality of winter wheat, field scientific experiments are carried out at Xuzhou Agro-meteorological Station of Jiangsu from 2017 to 2022. There are four sowing dates each year with different temperature during the growing season of winter wheat, while the winter wheat variety, soil physical and chemical properties, and agriculture measures are all the same. Therefore, the yield structure and quality of winter wheat are mainly influenced by climate change. It shows that the average temperature increases 0.1℃ to 1.7℃ during the growing season of winter wheat at different sowing dates during 5-year field experiments. The increasing temperature has an impact on the yield structure, and there is a significant negative influence on the number of grains per ear of winter wheat, with a correlation coefficient of -0.49 (P

This paper summarized the multicultural nursing management for a patient with giant left ventricular pseudoaneurysm. Based on the self-management and clinical application of postoperative power-assisted enveloped-type special garment, health guidance and nursing interventions were carried out to improve the clinical outcomes of the patient and avoid the rupture of the pseudoaneurysm. During the perioperative period, the multicultural nursing theory was used to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of self-management. Aiming for prevention of adverse factors, the multicultural nursing team led by the primary nurse participated in the formulation of patient self-management, provided nursing care consistent with the patient's culture and health education, and made full preparation for the patient with standardized nursing behavior. (本文回顾1例左心室巨大假性室壁瘤(LVPA)患者的多元文化护理体会。为患者制定自我管理目标和方案, 应用实用新型专利(术后助力环抱式专用衣)提升术后患者伤口恢复及自理能力, 护理人员给予引导和积极干预, 患者各方面得到改善, 避免巨大LVPA破裂的发生。围手术期运用多元文化护理理论, 分析自我管理的有利因素和不利因素, 针对不利因素目标分析, 以责任护士为主导的多元文化护理团队参与制定患者的自我管理, 提供与患者文化相一致的护理以及健康教育工作, 以规范的护理行为, 为患者做好充分术前准备, 促进术后康复。)

The effects of ultrasound treatment at different powers (20 kHz for 6 min; 0, 150, 300, 450 and 600 W) on the structure, physicochemical properties and emulsifying properties of pale, soft and exudative-like (PSE-like) chicken meat myofibrillar protein (MP) were investigated. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) showed no significant changes in the composition of MP after ultrasound treatments; however, the band intensities of myosin heavy chain and actin were significantly increased at ultrasonic power of 450 and 600 W (P < 0.05). The α-helix content, surface hydrophobicity and solubility of MP increased and the β-fold content decreased as the ultrasonic power increased to 450 W. The α-helix content, surface hydrophobicity and solubility of MP decreased at 600 W ultrasonic power, but they were still significantly higher than those of the control group (P < 0.05). With an increase in ultrasound power, the fluorescence intensity of MP increased, and the particle size and zeta potential of MP and MP emulsion decreased significantly (P < 0.05). At ultrasonic power of 600 W, the highest emulsification activity index (EAI) and emulsion stability index (ESI) of MP, and the lowest oil/water interfacial tension and Turbiscan stability index of MP emulsion were obtained, indicating the highest emulsion stability. The cold field emission scanning electron micrograph confirmed that the oil droplets of the emulsion were smaller and more uniform. In summary, ultrasonic treatment can change the structure and physicochemical properties of PSE-like chicken MP, in turn improving the emulsion stability.

In order to improve the teaching quality of vocational education, explore the vocational education model that meets the market demand, and build a distinctive vocational education system, it plays an important role in analyzing the research trend of vocational education. The process of text mining is first described in this paper, which primarily involves text data acquisition, text preprocessing, latent information extraction, and data statistical analysis. Then, in view of the shortcomings of the traditional K-means clustering algorithm, the algorithm is improved on this basis, and DT-Kmeans clustering is used to study and verify the effectiveness of the algorithm. The training tendency of each vocational education school was investigated. The keyword feature extraction was completed, and the integrated education model of each vocational education school was relatively unified. Among the top five keywords, each school had a high bias towards “natural science” and “ideological and political education”. Eighteen schools (90%) believe that “ideological and political education” occupies a “very important” position in student training. Two schools (10 percent) considered it “relatively important”.

With the development of digital technology, digital dance movement recognition and correction has become a hot research topic. This study focuses on a movement recognition system that incorporates human skeletal information and aims to improve dance movements’ accuracy and correction efficiency. This study develops a digital dance movement recognition and correction system that combines human lean information. This system can recognize and correct dance movements accurately by improving the spatio-temporal graph convolutional network (ST-GCN). The study employs a spatio-temporal graph representation of the human skeleton and spatial graph convolution technique, and enhances the system’s movement recognition capability through an adaptive graph convolution module. The experimental results show that the system achieves an average accuracy of 99.3% in dance movement recognition, 82% and 92% on the publicly available datasets UTKinect and MSRAction3D, respectively, and 95% on the dance movement dataset ETHDance constructed in this study. In addition, by introducing channel, spatial and temporal attention mechanisms, the system also shows high efficiency in dance movement correction. For the correction test of 10 basic dance movements, the correction accuracy is more than 95%, significantly higher than the 69.91% of the traditional method. This study improves the accuracy of dance movement recognition and provides adequate technical support for dance teaching and practicing.

Macao’s trade in services has grown exponentially over the past 20 years. Based on the interview and secondary data analysis methods, this article examines the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of Macao’s digital trade in services. According to the SWOT analysis, the strengths of Macao’s digital trade in services include the significant progress in technical transformation and an increasing proportion of enterprises using computers and the Internet. The weaknesses lie in the poor information network infrastructure and a shortage of talents in information technology. Developing the digital economy in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area and building an international hub for digital trade in the Guangdong-Macao In-Depth Cooperation Zone-Hengqin provide opportunities for the digital industry. The I.T. technology including ABCD, digital twins, industry 5.0, and FinTech Bridges agreements also bring the opportunities for digital trade. However, Macao’s digital trade in services faces threats from political conflicts and mistrust between countries. This paper has also made suggestions for future practice, including seeking a suitable development model for Macao’s digital trade in service, cooperating with Hengqin to build an international digital trade port and learning about successful experiences from other countries or regions such as Ireland. The findings of this paper will be beneficial to understand the strategic management and SWOT of Macao’s digital trade in services. Thus, it would be of interest to scholars as well as policymakers.

Emulsions prepared using myofibrillar protein (MP) as an emulsifier have poor stability under low NaCl condition. The effect of high-intensity ultrasound (HIU) treatment (frequency of 20 kHz, and power of 450 W) for different periods of time (0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 min) on the emulsifying properties of chicken MP under low NaCl condition (0.15 mol/L NaCl) and the stability and rheological properties of MP emulsions were investigated. The results showed that compared with the control group, the emulsifying activity index (EAI) and emulsion stability index (ESI) of MP significantly increased with increasing ultrasonic treatment time (P < 0.05). The Turbiscan stability index (TSI) and particle size of MP emulsions decreased significantly with increasing ultrasonication time, and the absolute value of the zeta potential significantly increased (P < 0.05). The rheological analysis showed that ultrasound treatment significantly improved the viscoelasticity of MP emulsions. The oil-water interfacial tension analysis showed that ultrasound treatment effectively enhanced the mobility of MP, and rapidly decreased the interfacial tension. Meanwhile, ultrasound treatment significantly increased the amount of adsorbed protein in MP emulsions (P < 0.05), indicating that ultrasound treated MP contributed to emulsion stability. As observed by cold-field scanning electron microscopy, the emulsion prepared with MP treated by ultrasound for 12 min had the smallest droplet size. In conclusion, ultrasound treatment can significantly improve the emulsion stability of MP under low NaCl condition, which provides a theoretical reference for the application of ultrasound treatment to reduced-salt emulsified meat products.

Methane (CH_4) is an important greenhouse gas that is 25 times that its CO_2 equivalent. There is low concentration (0.05% ~0.5%) CH_4 leakage in marine natural gas engine exhaust. It is difficult to capture and utilize low concentration CH_4 because of its stable chemical structure and high ignition temperature. Catalytic oxidation is the main method to remove low concentration CH_4 from tail gas. The noble metal palladium (Pd) is the best catalytic material for the complete oxidation of low concentration CH_4. In this paper, the main research progress of Pd-based catalysts is reviewed for their low-temperature activity, reliability and development cost. Firstly, the effects of Pd particle size and valence distribution, Pd dispersion state, type of support and strong metal-support interaction (SMSI) on methane oxidation activity are clarified; then, the mechanism of methane oxidation on the surface of Pd-based catalysts is summarized; in addition, the deactivation mechanisms of Pd-based catalysts, such as high temperature sintering, water poisoning and sulfur poisoning, are described in detail; finally, the main challenges and the future development of Pd-based catalysts for the complete oxidation of low concentration methane are summarized, and the strategies for improving the performance of Pd-based catalysts are proposed.

Research on socio-scientific issues (SSI) has revealed that it is critical for learners to develop a systematic understanding of the underlying issue. In this paper, we explore how modeling can facilitate students’ systems thinking in the context of SSI. Building on evidence from prior research in promoting systems thinking skills through modeling in scientific contexts, we hypothesize that a similar modeling approach could effectively foster students’ systematic understanding of complex societal issues. In particular, we investigate the affordances of socio-scientific models in promoting students’ systems thinking in the context of COVID-19. We examine learners’ experiences and reflections concerning three unique epistemic features of socio-scientific models, (1) knowledge representation, (2) knowledge justification, and (3) systems thinking. The findings of this study demonstrate that, due to the epistemic differences from traditional scientific modeling approach, engaging learners in developing socio-scientific models presents unique opportunities and challenges for SSI teaching and learning. It provides evidence that, socio-scientific models can serve as not only an effective but also an equitable tool for addressing this issue.

Background: To identify potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of the early stage of sepsis. Methods: The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between sepsis and control transcriptomes were screened from GSE65682 and GSE134347 datasets. The candidate biomarkers were identified by the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression and support vector machine recursive feature elimination (SVM-RFE) analyses. The diagnostic and prognostic abilities of the markers were evaluated by plotting receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and Kaplan–Meier survival curves. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) and single-sample GSEA (ssGSEA) were performed to further elucidate the molecular mechanisms and immune-related processes. Finally, the potential biomarkers were validated in a septic mouse model by qRT-PCR and western blotting. Results: Eleven DEGs were identified between the sepsis and control samples, including YOD1, GADD45A, BCL11B, IL1R2, UGCG, TLR5, S100A12, ITK, HP, CCR7 and C19orf59 (all AUC>0.9). Furthermore, the survival analysis identified YOD1, GADD45A, BCL11B and IL1R2 as the prognostic biomarkers of sepsis. According to GSEA, four DEGs were significantly associated with immune-related processes. In addition, ssGSEA demonstrated a significant difference in the enriched immune cell populations between the sepsis and control groups (all P

Abstract Background The flipped classroom (FC) method is becoming increasingly popular in China's nursing education. It is an important breakthrough improvement in the quality of learning in nursing education reforms. Purpose This study aimed to determine the effects of blended task-oriented flipped classroom (TFC) on nursing students undertaking the Fundamentals of Nursing course. Methods A pre-and post-test quasi-experimental design was adopted. This study was conducted in the Autumn semester, 2021 academic year in a Chinese university. Using cluster sampling technique, this study enrolled second-year undergraduate nursing students from six classess who were studying Fundamentals of Nursing course. A blended TFC was developed and implemented with three classes (experimental group: n = 152). In-class traditional lectures were applied to the other three classes (control group: n = 151). The Self-Directed Learning Instrument, Problem-Solving Inventory, and California Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory were used to evaluate students’ learning outcomes, and final examinations were conducted at the end of after course. In addition, students in the flipped classroom group were required to answer five open-ended questions concerning their flipped classroom learning experiences. Results Students in the experimental group showed significant improvement in academic performance compared to those in the control group (p = 0.001). Considering total scale and factors, students in the experimental grouped recorded significantly higher scores in self-directed learning ability, problem-solving skills, and critical thinking ability compared to those in the control group (p

Escherichia coli is a widespread environmental pathogen frequently causing dairy cow mastitis. This bacterium is particularly capable of acquiring antimicrobial resistance, which can have severe impacts on animal food safety and human health. The objective of the study was to investigate antimicrobial resistance and genetic correlations of E. coli from dairy cow mastitis cases in northern China.

According to the United Nations trade policy review documents, notifications, comments, special trade concerns and official authoritative research reports, the Bangladesh agricultural food product quality and safety regulatory bodies, laws and regulations, standard system, and other aspects were reviewed. It was suggested that Chinese export enterprises take advantage of local agricultural food products to actively explore the import and export trade market between China and Bangladesh. Moreover, Chinese regulators should be followed Bangladesh agricultural food products regulatory system changes, to further strengthen the assistance of agricultural and food product safety system in Bangladesh. Functional advantages can better promote bilateral trade between the two countries.

As lightweight and comfortable wool products have become the mainstream of the market, the surface treatment technology of wool fiber has been widely observed. Here, we treated wool fibers by ultrasonic bath and oxidation in a composite method that was better able to improve the wetting properties of wool fiber. Using this approach, we investigated the main factors influencing the effect of treatment and established the regression equations of multiple indices on processing conditions; after testing and optimization, the optimum technological parameters were obtained and experimentally verified. In addition, test results revealed that the ultrasonic-oxidation treatment in the optimum process led to the disulfide bonds (S-S) of wool fiber breaking and being oxidized, but showed less effect on the fiber's supramolecular structure; the wool fiber surface became smoother and more uniform, which resulted in a greatly increased wettability; there was a remarkable decrease in contact angle, and the rate of moisture absorption and desorption was enhanced in response to optimal treatment. These findings are significant for the potential industrial application of wool fiber as a moisture-absorbing material in textile products.

Objective To explore the related risk factors of death in patients with severe trauma, and to establish a preliminary early warning scoring system for the prognosis of severe trauma (hereinafter referred to as the prediction model), so as to provide convenience for clinicians to judge the prognosis of patients early, timely and accurately. Methods The clinical data of 307 patients with severe trauma treated in the Emergency Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University from January 2019 to June 2021 were collected and retrospectively analyzed. They were divided into survival group (n=262) and death group (n=45) according to the outcomes. The age, sex, comorbidity, injury mechanism, number of injury sites, vital signs at admission, results of blood routine test, blood biochemistry test and blood coagulation test, blood gas analysis, endotracheal intubation at admission, emergency operation, use of vasoactive drugs and Glasgow coma score (GCS), injury severity score (ISS), and new injury severity score (NISS) were compared between the 2 groups with univariate analysis. The statistically significant indexes in univariate analysis were included in multivariate logistic regression analysis, and the risk factors affecting the prognosis of the patients were screened, and the prediction model was established according to the assignment of regression coefficient β, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn to evaluate the predictive value of the prediction model for the prognosis of patients with severe trauma. Results There were differences in injury mechanism, number of injury sites, comorbidity, endotracheal intubation on admission and use of vasoactive drugs between the 2 groups. The age, serum sodium, serum creatinine (Scr), lactic acid, blood glucose, fibrin degradation products and D-dimer were higher, while the body temperature, blood potassium, activated partial thrombin time, oxygenation index and GCS were lower in the death group than the survival group. The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age (≥62.5 years), Scr (≥77.37 mmol/L), GCS (≤12.5), oxygenation index (≤253.5 mmHg) and body temperature (≤36.25 ℃) were independent risk factors for death in the patients with severe trauma (P < 0.05). The above 5 variables were scored to form the prediction model, which divided severe trauma patients into low-risk, medium-risk and high-risk, and the incidence of death was 2.2%, 28.2% and 74.4%, respectively. When the cut-off value of the prediction model was 15.5, the sensitivity was 86.7%, the specificity was 89.4%, and the Yoden index was 0.764. Conclusion The prediction model is composed of age, Scr, GCS, oxygenation index and body temperature. Its predictive effect is better than those of the 5 indicators alone, and has more advantages than ISS, NISS, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ, sequential organ failure assessment and modified early warning score. It is more helpful to evaluate the prognosis of patients with severe trauma quickly and accurately.

Many radioactive pollutants will be deposited inside the nuclear power plant pipelines after long-term service, which will form radioactive hot spots and increase the radiation dose rate level of operators. The ultrasonic decontamination efficiency was studied through the establishment of ultrasonic decontamination dynamic test bench, under different decontamination process parameters. It has also been applied in the engineering filed. The results show that: Ultrasonic decontamination efficiency increases with the increase of decontamination power, and the maximum decontamination efficiency of pollutants is up to 62.69%. The main reason is that the mechanical effect and cavitation effect of ultrasonic are significant with the increase of power, which is conducive to the removal of pollutants in the pipeline. When the decontamination time is 60min, the ultrasonic decontamination efficiency is more than 90%. Meanwhile, after ultrasonic decontamination of the pipeline hot spots, the contact dose rate at the pipeline hot spots is reduced by 75.20% at the highest, and the environmental dose rate is reduced by more than 90%, which reduces the collective dose level of operators working near the pipeline hot spot greatly, and ensures the health of the operators and environmental safety.

Honey bees have significant ecological and economic value as important pollinators, but they are continuously exposed to various environmental stressors, including insecticides, which can impair their health and cause colony decline. (1) Background: Cognitive abilities are vital for the functional maintenance of honey bees; however, it remains unknown if chronic, low-dose exposure to thiacloprid during the larval stage impairs the cognitive abilities of emerged adult honey bees. (2) Methods: To explore this question, honey bee larvae were fed 0, 0.5, and 1.0 mg/L thiacloprid during their developmental phase. Then, the cognitive (i.e., olfactory learning and memory) abilities of adult honey bees were quantified to assess the delayed impacts of early-stage thiacloprid exposure on adult honey bee cognition. Neural apoptosis and transcriptomic level were also evaluated to explore the neurological mechanisms underlying these effects. (3) Results: Our results revealed that chronic larval exposure to sublethal thiacloprid impaired the learning and memory abilities of adult honey bees by inducing neuronal apoptosis and transcriptomic alterations. (4) Conclusions: We highlighted a previously unknown impairment caused by thiacloprid in honey bees.

Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is secreted by hepatocytes as a peptide hormone to regulate glucose and lipid metabolism. FGF21 promotes hepatic ketogenesis and increases ketone body utilization in starvation. Histones are the target molecules of nutrients in regulating hepatic metabolic homeostasis. However, the effect of ketone bodies on FGF21 expression and the involvement of histones in it is not clear yet. The present study observed the effects of β-hydroxybutyrate (β-OHB), the main physiological ketone body, on FGF21 expression in human hepatoma HepG2 cells in vitro and in mice in vivo, and the role of histone deacetylases (HDACs) in β-OHB-regulated FGF21 expression was investigated. The results showed that β-OHB significantly upregulated FGF21 gene expression and increased FGF21 protein levels while it inhibited HDACs’ activity in HepG2 cells. HDACs’ inhibition by entinostat upregulated FGF21 expression and eliminated β-OHB-stimulated FGF21 expression in HepG2 cells. Intraperitoneal injections of β-OHB in mice resulted in the elevation of serum β-OHB and the inhibition of hepatic HDACs’ activity. Meanwhile, hepatic FGF21 expression and serum FGF21 levels were significantly increased in β-OHB-treated mice compared with the control. It is suggested that β-OHB upregulates FGF21 expression through inhibition of HDACs’ activity in hepatocytes.

Objective: In order to solve the problem of inaccurate detection of alcohol accuracy due to manual "flower picking" in the segmented liquor picking process. Methods: Designed and built a segmented liquor taking system based on alcohol accuracy modeling. The research collected tuning fork frequency values, tuning fork built-in temperature values, alcohol solution temperature values and pump speed values under dynamic conditions in different modes of alcohol solutions with different concentrations, implemented adaptive tuning fork frequency filtering and dynamic compensation based on least mean square algorithm （LMS） and long short-term memory network （LSTM）, and built a liquor accuracy prediction model based on improved genetic algorithm optimized BP neural network （IGA-BP）. Results: The model outperformed the traditional genetic algorithm optimized BP neural network and BP neural network in terms of the number of iterations and prediction accuracy, and the average prediction error of the alcoholic beverages was 0.381. Conclusion: which verifies the reasonableness of the model. In order to solve the limitations of the current manual "flower picking", a method is proposed to improve the accuracy of alcohol detection in the segmented liquor taking process.

Objective To construct nanomedicine with antihypertensive effect and explore its targeting ability and therapeutic efficacy on preeclampsia (PE) in vitro and in vivo. Methods The carrier material poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid, PLGA) encapsulated nifedipine was self-assembled to construct a new nanomedicine (PN NP), and the placenta-targeting peptide (plCSA-BP) was linked to the surface of the nanomedicine (named pl-PN NP) by chemical bonding. Microscopy and laser particle analyzer were utilized to characterize these nanomedicines (PN NP and pl-PN NP). Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and flow cytometry were used to investigate the phagocytosis, anti-apoptosis and antioxidant levels in HTR8 cells after treatment of different doses of nanomedicines. The reduced uterine perfusion pressure (RUPP) model was used to explore the targeting and therapeutic effect of PN NP and pl-PN NP in preeclampsia rats, and their influence on fetal development. Results The nanoparticles, PN NP and pl-PN NP are in a well-defined spherical shape, in a narrow particle size distribution, at a mean diameter of 160.9±5.3 and 163.5±3.4 nm, and with a surface charge of -45.5±2.6 and -48.3±4.5 mV, respectively. In vitro cell experiments showed that HTR8 cells phagocytosed the nanoparticles in a time- and concentration-dependent manner, and they inhibited cell apoptosis and oxidative stress after H2O2 stimulation (P < 0.05), with pl-PN NP showing better effect than PN NP. In vivo animal experiments showed that the PN NP and pl-PN NP treatment groups had significantly reduced blood pressure (P < 0.05), proteinuria level (P < 0.05) and uterine artery blood flow resistance index (UARI, P < 0.05) and expression levels of inflammatory factors IL-6 and TNF-α (P < 0.05), and increased expression levels of anti-oxidative stress-related proteins UCP-1 and Nrf-2 (P < 0.05) when compared with the nifedipine group. Moreover, these nanoparticles improved blood supply of the kidneys and placenta, increased fetal and placental weight, and alleviated developmental disorders of fetus. And pl-PN NP exerted better effects on blood pressure, proteinuria, UARI, inflammatory factors, oxidative stress, blood supply and weights of placenta and fetus than PN NP (P < 0.05). Conclusion Nanomedicine loaded with nifedipine (PN NP) and the placenta-targeted nanomedicine (pl-PN NP) are successfully synthesized, and PN NP and pl-PN NP show efficacy in treatment of preeclampsia at both cell and animal experiments.

The use of agricultural neonicotinoid insecticides has sub-lethal chronic effects on bees that are more prevalent than acute toxicity. Among these insecticides, thiacloprid, a commonly used compound with low toxicity, has attracted significant attention due to its potential impact on the olfactory and learning abilities of honeybees. The effect of sub-lethal larval exposure to thiacloprid on the antennal activity of adult honeybees (Apis mellifera L.) is not yet fully understood. To address this knowledge gap, laboratory-based experiments were conducted in which honeybee larvae were administered thiacloprid (0.5 mg/L and 1.0 mg/L). Using electroantennography (EAG), the impacts of thiacloprid exposure on the antennal selectivity to common floral volatiles were evaluated. Additionally, the effects of sub-lethal exposure on odor-related learning and memory were also assessed. The results of this study reveal, for the first time, that sub-lethal larval exposure to thiacloprid decreased honeybee antenna EAG responses to floral scents, leading to increased olfactory selectivity in the high-dose (1.0 mg/L) group compared to the control group (0 mg/L vs. 1.0 mg/L: p = 0.042). The results also suggest that thiacloprid negatively affected odor-associated paired learning acquisition, as well as medium-term (1 h) (0 mg/L vs. 1.0 mg/L: p = 0.019) and long-term memory (24 h) (0 mg/L vs. 1.0 mg/L: p = 0.037) in adult honeybees. EAG amplitudes were dramatically reduced following R-linalool paired olfactory training (0 mg/L vs. 1.0 mg/L: p = 0.001; 0 mg/L vs. 0.5 mg/L: p = 0.027), while antennal activities only differed significantly in the control between paired and unpaired groups. Our results indicated that exposure to sub-lethal concentrations of thiacloprid may affect olfactory perception and learning and memory behaviors in honeybees. These findings have important implications for the safe use of agrochemicals in the environment.

Abstract Despite advancements made in the therapeutic strategies on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the survival rate of HCC patient is not satisfactory enough. Therefore, there is an urgent need for the valuable prognostic biomarkers in HCC therapy. In this study, we aimed to screen hub genes correlated with prognosis of HCC via multiple databases. 117 HCC-related genes were obtained from the intersection of the four databases. We subsequently identify 10 hub genes (JUN, IL10, CD34, MTOR, PTGS2, PTPRC, SELE, CSF1, APOB, MUC1) from PPI network by Cytoscape software analysis. Significant differential expression of hub genes between HCC tissues and adjacent tissues were observed in UALCAN, HCCDB and HPA databases. These hub genes were significantly associated with immune cell infiltrations and immune checkpoints. The hub genes were correlated with clinical parameters and survival probability of HCC patients. 147 potential targeted therapeutic drugs for HCC were identified through the DGIdb database. These hub genes could be used as novel prognostic biomarkers for HCC therapy.

Abstract COVID-19 creates an opportunity for science classrooms to relate content about viruses to students’ personal experiences with the pandemic. Previous researchers have shown that students are interested in crisis situations like disease outbreaks; however, they primarily acquire information about these events through internet sources which are often biased. We argue that it is important to understand student interest, concerns, and information-seeking behaviors related to COVID-19 to support science classroom learning and engagement about the virus and other potential outbreaks. We surveyed 224 high school students and analyzed their responses to six open-ended questions. We found that students expressed the most interest in topics related to the origin of COVID-19 and vaccines. Their greatest concerns included contracting the virus or someone they know contracting the virus and vaccine distribution. Of our sample, only 6.7% reported using their teachers as their source of COVID-19 information. Science classrooms have the potential to pique students’ situational interest by discussing COVID-19 topics that are important to students, which can increase their academic performance, content knowledge, attention, and engagement in learning about viruses. Moreover, classroom instruction about COVID-19 by teachers has shown to alleviate students’ stress and anxiety. We provide key areas of student interest about COVID-19 to help educators address students’ questions and improve curricular resources on viral pandemics.

Abstract Background Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells have always been a heated research topic in bone tissue regeneration and repair because of their self-renewal and multi-differentiation potential. A large number of studies have been focused on finding the inducing factors that will promote the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Previous studies have shown that macrophage exosomes or miRNA-26a-5p can make it work, but the function of this kind of substance on cell osteogenic differentiation has not been public. Methods M2 macrophages are obtained from IL-4 polarized bone marrow-derived macrophages. Exosomes were isolated from the supernatant of M2 macrophages and identified via transmission electron microscopy (TEM), western blotting, and DLS. Chondrogenic differentiation potential was detected by Alcian blue staining. Oil red O staining was used to detect the potential for lipogenic differentiation. And MTT would detect the proliferative capacity of cells. Western blot was performed to detect differential expression of osteogenic differentiation-related proteins. Results The results showed that M2 macrophage exosomes will promote bone differentiation and at the same time inhibit lipid differentiation. In addition, M2 macrophage-derived exosomes have the function of promoting the expression of SOX and Aggrecan suppressing the level of MMP13. The exosome inhibitor GW4689 suppresses miRNA-26a-5p in M2 macrophage exosomes, and the treated exosomes do not play an important role in promoting bone differentiation. Moreover, miRNA-26a-5p can enable to promote bone differentiation and inhibit lipid differentiation. miRNA-26a-5p can promote the expression of ALP (alkaline phosphatase), RUNX-2 (Runt-related transcription factor 2), OPN(osteopontin), and Col-2(collagen type II). Therefore, it is speculated that exosomal miRNA-26a-5p is indispensable in osteogenic differentiation. Conclusions The present study indicated that M2 macrophage exosomes carrying miRNA-26a-5p can induce osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow-derived stem cells to inhibit lipogenic differentiation, and miRNA-26a-5p will also promote the expression of osteogenic differentiation-related proteins ALP, RUNX-2, OPN, and Col-2.

If a bridge is subjected to a blast load when there is vehicle traffic, not only its own safety is threatened, but it can also lead to damage to vehicles. In addition, the coupling of a vehicle load and an explosion load may further aggravate the impact of an explosion. To understand the coupling relationship between the two kinds of loads on a bridge, a static load was applied on the bridge using the impact coefficient while a blast load was applied on the outside of the bridge. A numerical simulation was also used to further study the coupling effect of the vehicle load and the explosion load. The results showed that the vehicle load could effectively limit the vertical deformation. The numerical model was accurate in predicting the response process of the stiffened beam. With the coupling of the vehicle load, the equivalent plastic strain of the box multistage stiffened beam was mainly concentrated at the hinge and decreased when the blast loading remained constant. The transverse anti-blast performance of the stiffened beam was mainly provided by the bridge web and the diaphragm under the coupling effect of the vehicle load and the blasting load, but the function of the diaphragm was weakened. Additionally, the hinge used as a connector was able to directly affect the bearing capacity of the bridge. Even if the hinge was only slightly damaged, it could cause the bridge to enter the failure stage, meaning that the strength of the hinge must be greater than that of the bridge.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common condition with high morbidity and mortality, and is associated with the development and progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). The beta-galactoside binding protein galectin-3 (Gal3), with its proinflammatory and profibrotic properties, has been implicated in the development of both AKI and CKD. Serum Gal3 levels are elevated in patients with AKI and CKD, and elevated Gal3 is associated with progression of CKD. In addition, Gal3 is associated with the incidence of AKI among critically ill patients, and blocking Gal3 in murine models of sepsis and ischemia-reperfusion injury results in significantly lower AKI incidence and mortality. Here we review the role of Gal3 in the pathophysiology of AKI and CKD, as well as the therapeutic potential of targeting Gal3.

BackgroundSARS-CoV-2 infection is a respiratory infectious disease similar to influenza virus infection. Numerous studies have reported similarities and differences in the clinical manifestations, laboratory tests, and mortality between these two infections. However, the genetic effects of coronavirus and influenza viruses on the host that lead to these characteristics have rarely been reported.MethodsCOVID-19 (GSE157103) and influenza (GSE111368, GSE101702) datasets were downloaded from the Gene Expression Ominbus (GEO) database. Differential gene, gene set enrichment, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, gene regulatory network, and immune cell infiltration analyses were performed to identify the critical impact of COVID-19 and influenza viruses on the regulation of host gene expression.ResultsThe number of differentially expressed genes in the COVID-19 patients was significantly higher than in the influenza patients. 22 common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between the COVID-19 and influenza datasets. The effects of the viruses on the regulation of host gene expression were determined using gene set enrichment and PPI network analyses. Five HUB genes were finally identified: IFI27, OASL, RSAD2, IFI6, and IFI44L.ConclusionWe identified five HUB genes between COVID-19 and influenza virus infection, which might be helpful in the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19 and influenza. This knowledge may also guide future mechanistic studies that aim to identify pathogen-specific interventions.

Developmental coordination disorder (DCD) is a motor development disorder that affects an individual’s growth and development, and may persist throughout life. It is not caused by intellectual or physical disability. Studies have suggested DCD often occurs in childhood, resulting in a series of abnormal manifestations that hinder children’s normal development; cohort studies suggest a higher incidence in boys than in girls. Early diagnosis and appropriate interventions can help relieve symptoms. Unfortunately, the relevant research still needs to be further developed. In this paper, we first start from the definition of DCD, systematically investigate the relevant research papers in the past decades and summarize the current research hotspots and research trends in this field. After summarizing, it is found that this research field has attracted more researchers to join, the number of papers published has increased year by year and has become a hot spot in multidisciplinary research, such as education, psychology, sports rehabilitation, neurobiology, and neuroimaging. The continuous development of the correlation between perinatal factors and DCD, various omics studies, and neuroimaging methods also brings new perspectives and working targets to DCD research. DCD-related research will continue to deepen along the research direction of multivariate, multidimensional, and multimodal.

Water is one of the most important compounds and plays an important role in biological process, chemical synthesis and material science. Thus, studies about water and related particles water radical cations are always the top research fields. In this work, water dimer radical cation (H2O)2+• was prepared using home made low energy corona discharge device at ambient condition, and its structure was further studied using collision induced dissociation (CID) experiment and isotope labelling method. The dissociation results showed that (H2O)2+• (m/z 36) will lose OH• and H2O to give ions of m/z 19 (H2OH+) and m/z 18 (H2O+•), competitively, revealing that (H2O)2+•can exist in two different structures, including ［H2OH+—•OH］ (hydrogen atom bound structure (A)) and ［H2O∴OH2］+ (oxygen oxygen atom bound structure (B)). Structure A is asymmetry and structure B is symmetry. Furthermore, isotopic labeled experiments were conducted using deuterated water (D2O) and 18O-enriched water (H218O). The dissociation of (D2O)2+•(m/z 40) gave the corresponding protonated water D2OD+ (m/z 22) and water radical cation (D2O)+• (m/z 20). Dissociation of (H2O•D2O)+•(m/z 38) produced the protonated water H2OD+ (m/z 20)/D2OH+ (m/z 21), and water radical cation H2O+• (m/z 18), HOD+• (m/z 19), D2O (m/z 20)+•. In 18O-enriched water (H218O) labelled isotopic experiments, (H2O•H218O)+•(m/z 38) also was dissociated into its corresponding protonated water H2OH+(m/z 19)/H218OH+(m/z 21) and water radical cation H2O+• (m/z 18) and H218O+•(m/z18). The CID and the isotope labelling results indicated that water dimer radical cation (D2O)2+•, (H2O•D2O)+• and (H2O•H218O)+•also exist A and B two structured forms. In conclusion, two structures of water dimer radical cation (H2O)2+•will further reveal that mass spectrometry may help to elucidate chemical mechanism related with (H2O)2+•in the biological processes and chemical reactions.