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The article presents a critical discussion on the literary inspiration of English author J.R.R. Tolkien from Roman poet Virgil. Topics discussed include Tolkien's overview of Virgil’s "Aeneid" as a source for lost Roman mythical tales, Virgil's protagonist Aeneas as a character in "Iliad" who fought in the war at Troy, the overlapping of the motif of the return with exile in Tolkien and Virgil, and Elves in Tolkien's "The Lord of the Rings."

Far from being transparent and neutral, the reception of Ovid's corpus eroticum in the Libro deBuen Amor reveals, on the one hand, resistance to the Latin text as a result of the different literary systems in which both authors are set and the vicissitudes of the transmission of Ovid, not only as a text but as a convention and an authority and, on the other, that this same reception seems to be an appropriation of the Ovidian tradition by Juan Ruiz, Archpriest of Hita, who uses and incorporates it into his own literary and aesthetic project. To reflect on such discrepancies, we need to demonstrate a fundamental aspect of comparative literature: the conditions of production and enunciation of the literary discourse. In other words, the relationship between a text and the literary and cultural system which provides the codes and literary conventions that make an influence or specific trace meaningful. Accordingly, this article presents the reception of Ovid also as a form of resistance to Ovid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The origin of Māvors has long been disputed; in view of the questionable evidence for its status as a linguistic precursor for Mārs, it is argued that Māvors is more likely to be a folk-etymological creation in a later period. The motivation for the process is found in the context where Māvors was used, viz. oaths, prayers, or the like. In such cases solemnity was so highly sought as to trigger hermeneutically favorable archaizing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While the term Latin@ is untraceable to any coherent referent in terms of geographical or epistemic origin (Rodríguez 2014), still it denotes a very stable referent when it comes to geographical destination -- the USA being the central migratory destiny shaped by and shaping identity shifts and epistemic positions variously associated with Latin America. As much as this narrative determinacy is the effect of global power asymmetries, it also tends to naturalize them by couching migration in evolutionist terms that anachronize struggles against displacement, deterritorialization, and dispossession. The field of Latin@ literature and criticism therefore becomes an effective locus from which the ongoing historical conflicts elided by those narratives can be creatively recalled and reconfigured. This article reflects on the temporal borderlands as a critical paradigm for reconfiguring narratives of straight temporality within Latin@ texts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A literary criticism of the book "Metamorphoses" by Roman poet Ovid. The author examines the writing style Ovid has adopted in his works including the use of poetic virtuosity and intellectual sophistication illustrating the natural occurrences in nature as depicted in his poem pertaining to Daphne's transformation.

Copyright of Mouseion is the property of University of Toronto Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A literary criticism of the book "Amores" by Ovid is presented. Topics discussed include an overview of the book, the narrative importance of the book and its content, the depiction of the characters of the book, the interpretations on parrot's metapoetical read and qualities, and the parallels observed between the 2.6 and 3.9 editions of the book.

This article provides a detailed analysis of character construction in the fifth century passio Caeciliae (Bibliotheca Hagiographica Latina 1495 - 1495a - 1496). Our analysis sets out to challenge the general assumption that character construction in the late antique passions can correctly be described in terms of stereotypes. The passio Caeciliae appeals to and inverts reader expectations based upon traditional patterns in erotic narrative. We also argue that it individuates the different characters (Caecilia and her fellow martyrs) by documenting one specific area of their representation, namely rhetorical ability. In this thematic area, Caecilia is set apart from her husband Valerianus: unlike him, she displays elaborate rhetorical aptitude which allows her to obtain the dominant position in the marriage and to achieve her aims. But the art of rhetoric is also a skill that can be learned as is shown by the character of Valerianus whose rhetorical approach changes in the course of the passion. Our analysis suggests that this passion from a literary point of view constitutes a more interesting text than is generally assumed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Romans understood that translation entails transformation. The Roman term "translatio" stood not only literally for a carrying-across (as by boat) of material from one country to another, but also (metaphorically) for both linguistic translation and metaphorical transformation. These shared usages provide a lens on Roman anxieties about their relationship to Greece, from which they both transferred and translated a literature to call their own. Despite the problematic association of the Greeks with pleasure, rhetoric, and poetic language, the Roman elite argued for the possibility of translation and transformation of Greek texts into a distinctly Roman and authoritative mode of expression. Cicero's hope was that eventually translated Latin texts would replace the Greek originals altogether. In the end, however, the Romans seem to have felt that effeminacy had the last laugh. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A critique of the Latin elegiac poem "Propertius 2.10," by Sextus Propertius, a Roman poet who lived around 50-15 Before Christ (BC). Topics discussed include the poet's proposal to abandon love elegy and the adoption of a more serious style of poetry with a suitably elevated expression. Also mentioned are the metaphorically bowed head as a defining characteristic in Propertius's poems as well as his recusative tone.

A critique of the epic poem "Sheep and Simonides, PMG 576," by Roman poet Publius Vergilius Maro, known as Vergil, who lived between 70 to 19 Before Christ (BC) is presented. Topics include the focus on the Latin tradition when discussing parallels for the sheep and on the cultural association of the colors. Also mentioned are the oddness of the polychromatic sheep being offset by adducing the testimony to Simonides and Vergil's lambs being an extrapolation of the reversal of the age of iron.

Copyright of Studi e Materiali di Storia delle Religioni is the property of Editrice Morcelliana S.p.A. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article presents a criticism for the literary work "Bellum civile," by Petronius. Topics covered include the description of the Alps in the literature and the reflection of Julius Caesar's army entrance in an event. Also mentioned is the discussion of an ambush for Aeneas and his infantry that was planned by Turnus.

A literary criticism of the book "The Letters of the Younger Pliny" by Pliny the Younger is presented. It outlines the book's principles and characters and explores their symbolic significance in Roman literature. It discusses the intratextual links of the letters, their collection arrangement, criticism, and their instrumentalist views.

In 1547, while in Venice, Guillaume Postel purchased a Zohar manuscript from Daniel Bomberg. That Zohar copy was the one he studied together with Mother Johanna and the one he used as the source for his Latin translation of this treatise. That Zohar copy has most probably not survived, and as a result, hitherto no information regarding its unique structure, contents or wording has been available. Fortunately enough we were able to use both the strategy of the ' Zohar HaRaki'a' project conducted by Ronit Meroz as well as the data accumulated in it; thus we could locate an almost identical cognate of that lost manuscript in MS Parma Palatina 2718. It is impossible to determine with certainty whether Postel's original was copied directly or indirectly from MS Parma, or from a different source belonging to this family. In any event, as Postel's Zohar manuscript itself is not accessible, it is henceforth possible to make use of MS Parma to offer us a Zoharic text which is almost identical, in both structure and wording, to Postel's original. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Historiæ Canadensis, seu Nouæ- Franciæ libri decem, ad annum vusque Christi MDCLVI is a translation commissioned by the Society of Jesus in France in order to disseminate information concerning its evangelical activities in New France in the first decades of the seventeenth century. The source text is a series of reports written by the Jesuit missionaries in simple, unadorned French prose and printed hastily and cheaply. The form is that of a travel narrative and the tone is often grim. In 1664, Father François du Creux, a Jesuit, rewrote some of these texts, producing what might be called a three-dimensional 'translation' effecting their form, language, and material features. This article explores the ways in which he restructured and reorganized the individual missionary adventures into a historical, narrative framework and turned the French text into Latin, enriching it and elevating the tone as he did so. It also discusses the manner in which expensive engravings illustrating the narratives synthesized them by providing a context and an edifying dimension. Our study demonstrates how these features transform the Relations by combining to give the translation a certain 'gravitas', thus widening its appeal and extending its message to a new, larger, and more varied readership. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Nova Tellus is the property of Instituto de Investigaciones Filologicas - UNAM and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The adoption of Antoninus Pius provided Cassius Dio with the opportunity to insert into his narrative a speech delivered by Hadrian justifying the selection of his successor (69.20.1-5). This article examines the content of the speech and its relationship to Dio's own thoughts on the mechanics of imperial succession expressed elsewhere in the Roman History. It is argued that the speech articulates Dio's ideal mode of succession, which sees the promotion of a model civilis princeps, while subtly drawing attention to the problems inherent in a system where an emperor chooses his successor. Furthermore, it is suggested that these views may be read as Dio's hostile reaction to the practices of his own day. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The starting point of this article is a textual problem at the beginning of §7 of Agr. 2 (Cicero’s first consular contio), where he claims that he will be a people’s man (popularis). A close examination of the role of attraction in the sequence of tenses shows that the transmitted text is almost certainly wrong. An emendation is proposed, which also gives the sentence a rhythmical ending. An analysis of Cicero’s strategy in the speech, and of the role that the sentence plays in it, suggests that such a marked clausula is appropriate and contributes, together with other formal features, to making the sentence a ‘claptrap’, designed to elicit approval from the contional audience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A recent special issue of the Classical Receptions Journal marked the twentieth anniversary of the publication of Charles Martindale's Redeeming the Text. Latin Poetry and the Hermeneutics of Reception. Although the rich and various examples of classical reception scholarship that have appeared over the past two decades are by no means all cut from Martindale's cloth, the ‘seminal’ and ‘influential’ nature of his study is surely not in doubt. It is fitting, then, that this issue's round-up of reception publications focuses on a small cluster of recent studies that, like Redeeming the Text, explore the complex reception histories of Latin literature, and do so with a keen eye to the theoretical underpinnings of such scholarship; fitting, too, that our first title, Romans and Romantics, features Charles Martindale among its editors. The eighteen essays in this collection in fact range well beyond literature, with visual culture and the physical fabric of the city of Rome playing an important role; but encounters with Latin texts are a central component of the book, and the overarching theoretical and methodological framework for examining them bears the clear imprint of Martindale's reception manifesto. The introduction emphasizes the importance of remaining alert to the two-way dynamics of reception: not only do the contributors explore the ways in which Romanticism was shaped by antiquity, but they also examine the impact that Romanticism has had on subsequent views of antiquity. Although the idea of reception as a two-way process is often parroted, its implications are not always interrogated and explained so carefully as they are here. Most valuably, Romans and Romantics acknowledges and confronts the overly simple ‘myths’ that attach to our ideas of both the classical and the Romantic, showing how notions of what Romanticism ‘is’ are just as contingent and subject to distortion as those of the classical. So, for example, Timothy Saunders' fascinating chapter on ‘Originality’ successfully challenges the assumption that Romanticism was in some way antithetical or inimical to Roman studies, and that it was responsible for the lasting negative impression of Latin (literary) culture as imitative and inferior. Instead, he argues, ‘Romantic notions of originality’ (85) were more complex than we might assume, and could certainly find space for recognizing and celebrating Rome's creative use of its Greek heritage. Other chapters offer useful studies of the ‘varied, vital, and mutually sustaining’ (v) interactions between Romantics and Romans, including accessible accounts of key authors such as Shelley, Byron, and de Staël. Particularly worthwhile, though, is the final section, ‘Receptions’. By focusing on post-Romantic material, it lays bare our own modern preconceptions of the Romantic movement and encourages contemplation of how receptions of Romanticism are as important as receptions of Rome. Ralph Pite's excellent chapter on Thomas Hardy, for example, shows how this author, and many of his late nineteenth-century contemporaries, might be disappointed by visiting Rome: their expectations of the city, shaped by their own Romantic inheritance, could be undermined by the revelation of the modernized capital of a newly unified Italy, ‘threaten[ing] the post-Romantic traveller's cherished idea of ‘an eternal city frozen in time’’ (328). [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

An essay is presented which discusses the design layout of title pages of Latin language and vernacular Dutch language editions of literature published in the southern Netherlands from 1541 through 1660. An overview of the typography used in title pages, including red ink, fleurons and printed paragraph marks, or pilcrows, is provided.

Copyright of Graeco-Latina Brunensia is the property of Masaryk University, Faculty of Arts and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

El autor ofrece una crítica a la narrativa del rey Arturo, un destacado personaje de la literatura europea. El artículo describe la vida del monarca, su corte, sus quehaceres, una visión mágica y la aventura con otros los personajes de la época parte de las narrativas. El autor cita obras y explica el simbolismo del peligro, los valores, la aventura y la filosofía social medieval.

Copyright of Nova Tellus is the property of Instituto de Investigaciones Filologicas - UNAM and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article discusses the discovery of the complete text of the 1535 almanac, the Latin "Almanach", by French author François Rabelais in the form of multiple incomplete copies. Among other topics addressed are the textual history of the extant copies, the author's first-person account of the discovery of the texts, and their use as flyleaves for the legal commentaries of Italian jurist Giason del Maino.

This paper examines a statement of Aulus Gellius about a misleading attribution in Cicero's De gloria to explore the conditions and possibilities of misquotation in an ancient text. To do this, it draws on the conversational maxims of Paul Grice and analyzes the modern solutions presented for the passage as well as the opinions Gellius implicitly expresses. Its thesis is that the interpretation of misquotations, both ancient and modern, follows similar principles and is determined by assumptions of intention made by the interpreter. It will be argued that Gellius' way of presenting the misquotation is a rhetorical strategy to provoke critical consideration of quotations by the recipient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A critique is presented of the intertextual relationship between the letters of ancient Roman author Pliny and his contemporary, the poet Martial, focusing on Pliny's letter "Epistle 3.21." Each author's relations with the literary patron Marcus Regulus and the Roman politician Vestricius Spurinna are described, as well as literary allusions in Pliny's letter and the relationship between author and reader.

The article analyzes the letter "Epistle 86" written by Roman philosopher Seneca regarding his visit to the villa of Roman general and statesman Scipio Africanus in the ancient town of Liternum, Italy. Examining Seneca's description of Scipio's bathroom, the author looks at how the letter reflects the metaphor and poetics of bathhouses in Roman imperial literature. Particular attention is also given to the description of the villa's garden, as well as the letter's references to senses.

Recently, it has been suggested in the literature that the first known Latin work written in Hungary, the Admonitions of Saint Stephen must have been the creation of an editorial committee. supporters of this theory argue that the work bear witness to such wide knowledge of ancient and medieval sources that it is highly unlikely that any individual author in Hungary could possess such erudition at the time. The work must have been written simultaneously with the laws of stephen, which should also be regarded the work of a committee. But in reality the Admonitions is independent of the laws, as it is proved by the most ancient textual tradition. The use of a large number of sources was not uncommon at the time, either, as it is proved by the example of saint Gerard. Authors often used florilegia, but what is the most important: we also need to reckon with a mosaic-like use of the Biblical tradition, which was rather typical at this period in medieval culture and which also allowed the inclusion of ancient sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents an outline of a research project relating to the writings of early Christian Latin authors spanning from the third century to the eighth century. The outline provides information on three key aspects of the research project, which include a survey of the text corpus, a review of the methodological approach and the three primary case studies. The authors name the cases of fourth century philologist Saint Jerome, the translation work of Saint Hilary of Poitiers and the primeval language of Saint Isidore of Seville, Spain, and focus on topics including language origins, language diversity, and language classification.

The article presents a discussion of the anonymous 12th-century Latin eyewitness account of the Third Crusade on Palestine, entitled "Chronicon terrae sanctae," exploring the origin and transmission of the manuscript. Details are given mapping the disputed attributed authorship of the work surrounding Ralph, abbot of the Cistercian monastery of Coggeshall, England. Arguments are made suggesting the work was produced by multiple authors and that Ralph contributed to it.

The article presents a critique of the late Medieval work "Expositio Canticorum Scripturae," by the 15th-century Oxford University scholar Richard Ullerston, particularly examining the intertextual references it made to the "Latin Psalter" of the 14th-century translator Richard Rolle. Details are given noting how Rolle's commentaries on the Biblical book of Psalms are found and further propagated within Ullerston's work a generation later.

The article presents a reprint of the Latin language literary work "Deploracio de morte Paulae," by 15th century Aragonese-Napolitan humanist Giovanni Brancato. The article also includes background literary and historical information, critical annotations, and a translation of the work into Italian.

Literary criticism on the c. 1280 Latin political treatise "De regimine pricipium" by 13-century author Giles of Rome, also known as Aegidius Romanus or Egidio Colonna is presented. The author suggests that the treatise was written for King Philip IV of France as a prince and describes it as a discussion of the theories of the ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle. Other topics include the influence of the treatise on author Geoffrey Chaucer and the treatise's depiction of medieval society.

The article discusses the depiction of the Greek mythological character Narcissus in Roman wall paintings in the House of Octavius Quartio and the House of Lucretius Fronto in Pompeii, Italy in relation to the depiction of Narcissus in the poem "Metamorphoses," by the Roman poet Ovid. The author focuses on the concept of mimesis in both "Metamorphoses" and in Roman wall paintings, suggesting that artistic representations of Narcissus allowed Roman viewers to project themselves into Narcissus's story. Also discussed are themes of vision and desire in both Ovid's poem and the Roman wall paintings, as well as depictions of Ovid's characters Diana, Actaeon, Pyramus, Thisbe, Pero, and Mycon in the paintings.

The article presents a discussion on the interpretation of two Roman Catholic lead bulls released by 11th-century Pilgrim, archbishop of Cologne, which is now part of Germany. The author positions his study in relation to similar research by historian Gustav Schnürer. Descriptions are given of Pilgrim's ascent as an archbishop, as well as of his relations with other archbishops such as Hartwig, archbishop of Salzburg, which is now in Austria, and Aribo, archbishop of Mainz, now part of Germany. Further discussion focuses on the types of bull seals used by Pilgrim's predecessors, including Wichfried, archbishop of Cologne, Heinrich I, archbishop of Trier, Germany, and Bruno, archbishop of Cologne.

A recently discovered manuscript by the Friulian fencing master Fiore dei Liberi (fl. c. 1383-1410), Bibliothèque Nationale MS Lat. 11269 is discussed and compared with other known copies. Authorial intent, the style of arms, armour, and other military equipment depicted, and the dating and style of the manuscript are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines transalpine humanists' use of the Latin language, or Neo-Latin, in prose works according to the literary style of the 2nd century African Latin prose writer Apuleius. Such Apuleian prose is described as utilizing archaic vocabulary and syntax in order to be understood only by elites. The works of such humanists as Erasmus, Nicolas Bérault, and Ludovicus Vives are discussed. Emphasis is given to Renaissance-era literary criticism of humanistic prose works that allegedly employed Apuleianism. Support for the prose style of Roman orator Marcus Tullius Cicero, or Ciceronianism, among many critics is also explained.

The Ars Ambrosiana is an early medieval Latin grammatical commentary on Donatus’ Ars maior, written in Northern Italy in the 6th or 7th century A.D. In comparison with preceding grammatical commentaries, the Ars Ambrosiana displays a much more profound Christian-exegetical way of thinking. This study opens with an overview of the historical-cultural context of the grammatical commentary and of the general way of thinking of its anonymous author. The remainder of the article consists in an analysis of the, to some extent highly original, framework which the author uses for describing the Latin language, illustrated by a brief study of the terms agnitio (“recognition”) and nuntiatio (“[linguistic] form”), and their combinations with the adjectives specialis (“special”) and tota (“entire/whole”). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers criticism on texts written by ancient Roman philosopher Cicero, including "Academica," "De Oratore," and "De Finibus." The author suggests that Cicero's texts influence later Latin philosophical tradition focusing on texts rather than philosophy as a way of life. Specific topics addressed include Cicero's development of philosophical prose and vocabulary, the dissemination of Cicero's texts, and Cicero's influence from the Greek philosopher Plato.

The article discusses the reception of Latin satiric poetry by the Roman poet Juvenal in Renaissance Europe. It describes contemporary scholarship on Juvenal contributed by Latin scholar Pascal Debailly, the literary theories on satire represented by such poets as Nicolas Boileau-Despréaux and John Dryden, and the notion of tragic satire represented in the book "Nefs des Folz" by Juvenal. Other subjects under discussion include the characteristics of Renaissance Latin literature, the influence of classical Latin authors such as Horace on English and French poets in the Renaissance era, and the satirization of crime and criminals in Juvenal's poems.

Presents literary criticism of the book "Aeneid" by Vergil. It discusses the Vergillian passages translated by several poets from Greek and Latin poetry, relating Venus and Ascanius to the perfume amaracine. It describes the perfume's details from several botanical ingredients in particular with the herb amaracus. It also notes the existence of amaracine as to whether it is a medicine or perfume, wherein Wagler depicted the perfume as a sort of magical potion that meant to provoke love.

The article discusses the use of exempla in Roman Declamation. The author references the four surviving ancient collections of declamations, including the "Controversiae" and the "Declamationes maiores." The author examines the theory of the "exemplum" in rhetorical handbooks. The author also comments on the criticism of Roman rhetorician Seneca the Elder about the use of exempla in declamations. Subjects of the article also include the role of exempla in ancient Greco-Roman culture and the development of Roman literature under the Greeks.

The article discusses the format, layout, and structure of Medieval hagiographical writings in the Southern Low Countries of Europe. It provides a textual analysis of the A and B versions of the manuscript Vita Secunda Gisleni, the use of manuscript A in liturgical services of the Catholic church, and the use of manuscript B in monastic communities. The Medieval process of rewriting ancient manuscripts is discussed, along with the transcribing methodologies of scribes. Other subjects under discussion include the reasons for textual redactions, the foundation of the Saint Ghislain monastery in Lotharingia, and the monk and scribe Rainerus.

A literary criticism of the book "The Early Latin Verb System: Archaic forms in Plautus, Terence, and Beyond," by Wolfgang David Cirilo de Melo is presented. A detailed discussion about Archaic Latin is given. The last part of the book looks consideration at the origins of the forms and their survival in the classical and post-classical language.