Search

Efforts to mitigate the environmental and health risks associated with the antibiotic ofloxacin necessitate innovative methodologies for its detection. The cost of expensive carbon materials like carbon nanofibers can be reduced by making their hybrids with biomass‐derived carbon materials. In this context, a nitrogen‐functionalized carbon nanofiber‐based nanocomposite (N‐LN‐CNF), incorporating activated carbon derived from Lantana Camara, was fabricated for the detection of ofloxacin. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier Transform Infrared analyses confirmed the presence of nitrogen functionalities in the N‐LN‐CNF. The surface and internal morphology were analyzed using field emission scanning electron microscopy and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy. The material was tested as an electrochemical sensor for ofloxacin detection. A linear response for ofloxacin was observed in the range of 2 μM to 43 μM for N‐LN‐CNF/GCE via linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) with a limit of detection (LOD) of 1.92 μM. The interaction between the fabricated electrode and the analyte is a combination of diffusion and adsorption‐controlled processes. This metal‐free sensor offers a sustainable approach for detecting ofloxacin in water and pharmaceutical preparations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with value addition and utilization of Lantana camara, an invasive species with unprecedented rate of growth, by thermal modification. Lantana camara stalks were thermally modified using vacuum heat treatment (VHT), oil heat treatment (OHT), and steam heat treatment (SHT) at 180 °C and 200 °C and subsequently changes in physical, chemical and mechanical properties were studied. Weight loss was observed in vacuum and steam heat treated samples due to thermal degradation while oil heat treated samples showed weight gain due to oil uptake. SHT exhibited the highest (19 %) weight loss at 200 °C. The color of the modified lantana attained uniform dark colour, OHT exhibited the most intense effect on colour changes. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Fourier transform near infrared (FTNIR) spectroscopic analyses indicated degradation of hemicellulose and change in cellulose crystallinity due to heat treatment. Dimensional stability of thermally modified Lantana stalks improved across treatments, with SHT achieving the highest anti-swelling efficiency of 67.3 % at 200 °C and lowest water absorption (43 %) after 72 h of water soaking. The dynamic modulus of elasticity of thermally modified Lantana remained constant in all the treatment processes. Overall, the results indicate that thermal modification can increase utilization potential of L. camara. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On an industrial scale, the residues accumulated in essential oil distilleries can be compared to the volume of residues produced in the textile industry. Although these residues are discarded, they possess molecules with diverse biological activities, including their application in phytopathogen control. In this study, the chemical profile of the residue from the hydrodistillation of Lantana camara L. leaves was determined using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Additionally, the effect of the residue on cells was assessed by determining plasma membrane integrity, levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and mitochondrial potential depolarization. The viability and cell density of Phytomonas serpens parasites significantly decreased after treatment with increasing concentrations of the lyophilized residue from accession LAC-038 (RL038). RL038 reduced cell viability by an average of 61.36%. ROS levels increased by approximately 2 × and 3 × at RL038 concentrations of 120 µg/mL and 180 µg/mL, respectively. It was observed that the same concentrations modified mitochondrial potential, reducing fluorescence by 44.6% and 46.8%, respectively. Analytical liquid chromatography of RL038 revealed the presence of 17 peaks subsequently classified as phenolic acids and flavonoids. RL038 from the hydrodistillation of Lantana camara L. leaves is a source of biologically active compounds with antiprotozoal potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Investigation of Lantana camara biomass for potential bioenergy generation integrates invasive species (IS) management with the unabated demand for bio-energy. In the present investigation, L. camara was used to produce bio-oil by thermochemical conversion (pyrolysis). The resultant product evinced energy yield of 62.58% with 64.95% of elemental carbon (C) content and endorsed the suitability of L. camara bio-oil for biofuel applications and value addition. Thermogravimetric (TG-DTG) analysis revealed a short thermal degradation profile, whereas spectroscopic analyses detected a host of organic compounds such as esters, phenols, ketones, aldehydes, aliphatics, and aromatics. The economic analysis of L. camara biomass conversion technology carried out in this study proved to be commercially competitive and viable versus petroleum refining. Antimicrobial and antioxidant assays with bio-oil evinced highest zone of inhibition (ZOI) against Candida albicans (31.02 mm), and displayed strong antioxidant property (DPPH IC50 value 233.72 ± 0.2 μg/ml). The bio-oil exhibited rheological characteristics of shear thinning and pseudoplastic fluid, particularly at low and intermediate shear rates. The present study highlights the multifaceted advantages of utilizing L. camara biomass, which include environmental remediation via waste management, bioenergy generation, and the feasibility of generating value-added products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT A3 coupling reaction is a multicomponent reaction (MCR) involving aryl aldehydes, phenyl acetylenes and amines to synthesize a variety of biologically active propargylamine derivatives. Herein, we report the preparation of cube‐shaped CuFe2O4 nanoparticles (NPs) via the hydrothermal method in the presence of Lantana camara flower (LCF) extract to use them as catalysts to synthesize propargylamine derivatives. X‐ray diffraction study confirms the formation of CuFe2O4 NPs with cubic spinel structures. In the presence of LCF extract, cube‐shaped CuFe2O4 NPs are formed predominantly irrespective of the type of alkali used as the hydrolyzing agent. However, a mixture of nearly spherical and cube‐shaped particles has been formed in the absence of additives. The synthesized CuFe2O4 NPs exhibit superparamagnetic behaviour and are magnetically ordered. The synthesized cube‐shaped CuFe2O4 NPs exhibit excellent catalytic activity in the A3 coupling reaction between benzaldehyde, piperidine and phenylacetylene to give propargylamine with a yield of 90% under the optimum conditions. The catalyst is highly stable and magnetically retrievable facilitating reusability for up to five cycles without considerable loss of catalytic activity. The protocol is suitable for the synthesis of a diverse range of propargylamine derivatives with moderate to excellent yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The efficacy of probiotics in providing health benefits may be related to their ability to survive at a sufficient concentration of 106 CFU/g during storage in food and colonization in the gastrointestinal tract. Microencapsulation is a viable method to improve the survivability of probiotics under harsh environmental conditions. In this research, microencapsulated Lactobacillus rhamnosus (MLR) was produced by a two‐layer extrusion technique with sodium alginate and wild sage (Salvia macrosiphon) mucilage (SMM) in varying concentrations ranging from 0.2% to 0.8% as the first and second wall materials, respectively. The microencapsulation efficiency and second layer diameter of beads increased significantly with the increase in SMM concentrations. Microencapsulated Lactobacillus rhamnosus (LR) maintained its minimal concentration (6 log CFU/g) during 9 min at 72°C. The MLR‐date yogurt (DY) sample had the lowest pH, highest acidity, and highest survival rate among the others at the end of storage. In simulated gastrointestinal conditions (SGC), the survival rates of free LR (FLR) and MLR were 45% and 47% on the 14th day of storage, respectively. In sensory properties, MLR had the highest score in odor and texture parameters but not in others. The MLR viscosity (666.3 mPa·s−1) and SEM images show a relatively denser structure for MLR. In conclusion, this study emphasized the potential of using double‐layered beads to protect probiotics, providing valuable inspiration for developing new functional foods with higher survival ability in harsh conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Invasive alien species (IAS) are one amongst the dominant drivers of global environmental change. The reported effects of IAS on biodiversity and ecosystems are often highly variable across species, habitats, and environmental settings, which constrains our capacity to empirically generalise their overall impact. To date, meta‐analyses have investigated the ecological impacts of IAS using only mean effects, while variance effects – an equally important measure in quantifying the efficacy or generalizability of a treatment – has largely remained ignored. Using a global meta‐analysis of 586 and 522 effect sizes related to mean and variance measures respectively from 30 studies, here we provide the first quantitative synthesis of the extent to which a global plant invader Lantana camara affects the mean and variance of ecological variables relevant at species, community and ecosystem levels. Our results suggest that for individual response classes, both the mean and variance effects from the species invasion differed considerably in their magnitude and direction, with the effect on most response classes being highly heterogeneous and non‐significant. The study design had a significant effect on both the mean and variance effects from the species invasion, but the ecosystem type, continent, and latitude act as weak predictors of both mean and variance effects. By investigating both mean and variance effects, our study provides first quantitative synthesis on ecological impacts of a globally problematic invasive plant. Based on our findings, we highlight the current knowledge gaps and suggest future research directions, particularly the need to focus on causes of variance in invasion impact studies for effective management and restoration of invaded landscapes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to compare the ability of five plant species, including (Conocarpus erectus, Acacia sensu lato (s.l.), Melaleuca viminalis, Dodonaea viscosa and Lantana camara) to absorb and accumulate heavy elements in their tissues, which were grown in the central islands in the city of Diwaniyah. This included areas of street in front of the medical college, Umm Al Khail First Street, Umm Al-Khail Street, near Abbas Attiwi Bridge, Al-Adly Street in the Euphrates District, and Clock Field Street, respectively. Results showed that soil samples S1 and S3 were contaminated by Pb, and the rest of the sites were contaminated with nickel only. This indicates through the table findings a rise in these heavy metals' concentrations with a rise in traffic momentum. Thus, the Pb concentrations in the growing plants' shoot parts with respect to this research had surpassed the allowed critical limit of 5.00 mg.kg-1 dry matter, in which the highest value was recorded at the site with respect to S3 as well as S2. Meanwhile, the findings indicate that Cd concentrations in S3 and S1 had increased and exceeded the allowable limit of 0.20 mg.kg-1 dry matter. In the meantime, the nickel concentrations were within the permissible limits of 67.90 mg.kg-1 dry matter. The Zn concentration exceeded the permitted limits of 60.00 mg.kg-1 dry matter except for plants (Acacia s.l. and Lantana camara) in sites S5 and S2. The results confirmed that the values of Heavy Metals Bioaccumulation Coefficient (BAC) for most of the study elements had recorded the highest value in the Dodonaea plant for Zn, Cd, and Pb, except for Ni. It was more accumulated in the Melaleuca viminalis plant, which indicates the superiority of the Dodonaea plant in accumulating Pb, Cd, and Zn over the rest of the study plants, as they took the following order: Lantana camara < Acacia s.l. < Conocarpus erectus < Melaleuca viminalis < Dodonaea viscosa. The best plants accumulated nickel in the following order: Acacia s.l. < Lantana camara < Conocarpus erectus < Dodonaea viscosa < Melaleuca viminalis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lantana camara L. (Verbenaceae) is deemed as one of the world's toughest weeds posing major threats to the biodiversity and ecosystem. Lantana has been subject to numerous biocontrol attempts in India and other parts of the world. A survey of the phytophagous scarab species associated with Lantana camara was undertaken in Shettihalli village of Karnataka, India during 2024. The study yielded one Sericinae species, Maladera mutabilis (Fabricius, 1775), and five Cetoniinae species, viz., Clinteria klugi (Hope, 1831), Anthracophora crucifera (Olivier, 1789), Protaetia aurichalcea (Fabricius, 1775), Gametis versicolor (Fabricius, 1775) and Tephraea cinerea (Kraatz, 1898). Two species, G. versicolor and C. klugi were found to be abundant and predominant in Lantana ecosystem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Natural product chemistry plays a pivotal role in drug discovery and development. This study investigated the phytochemical profiles and antioxidant capacities of three prominent Philippine plants: Blue ternate (Clitoria ternatea), Kantutay (Lantana camara), and Katuray (Sesbania grandiflora). The primary aim is to provide a comprehensive assessment of their bioactive constituents and evaluate their potential for pharmacological applications. Phytochemical screening identified a diverse array of compounds, including flavonoids, tannins, glycosides, terpenoids, and other major chemical constituent classes, highlighting their therapeutic potential. The pigment analysis revealed substantial variations, with Blue ternate exhibiting the highest concentration, suggesting it as a promising source of carotenoids. Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and chlorophyll analysis further revealed distinct compound profiles. Total Phenolic Content (TPC) analysis and the DPPH radical scavenging method marked Blue ternate to have the highest phenolic content and the most potent antioxidant activity among the plant samples. These findings collectively emphasize the significant therapeutic potential of these plants, warranting further exploration for pharmaceutical development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study highlights the coupling effect of disturbance and Lantana camara invasion on vegetation and soil properties in the least disturbed (LD), moderately disturbed (MD) and highly disturbed (HD) sites in the semi-arid region of Aravalli Mountain, South Delhi. A total of 60 quadrats of 10 m × 10 m were laid for tree species and 5 m × 5 m for shrub species in the LD, MD and HD sites for phytosociological study. Soil samples were collected at three places: areas occupied by Lantana camara (LC) and Adhatoda vasica (AV), as well as areas of bare soil (no vegetation) at two different depths: the upper layer (0–10 cm) and the lower layer (10–20 cm). Results showed higher tree diversity in the LD site, whereas shrub diversity was high in HD site. The relative density (RD) of invasive L. camara and soil properties was maximum in MD (61.5%) and minimum (55.5%) in HD site, however low soil nutrients in HD site may be due to the lower RD of LC. Statistical analysis showed significant (p < 0.05) high soil moisture, soil organic carbon (SOC), microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and nitrogen (MBN) in MD site. SOC, TN, MBC and MBN were higher under LC-occupied regions compared to AV in LD and MD sites. In HD site, nutrient content was higher under AV region, reflecting that in nutrient-deficit soil, native species adapt and resist the invasion of LC. However, among the different biotic and abiotic factors, disturbance is one of the major drivers that promotes plant invasion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green synthesis methods for producing silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have garnered significant attention for their potential in medical applications. Despite the known potential of Lantana camara in AgNP synthesis, there is a lack of studies investigating its application when grown in extreme geothermal environments, which may influence the properties and efficacy of the synthesized nanoparticles. This research aimed to fabricate AgNPs utilizing aqueous extract from L. camara, a plant growing in an extreme geothermal manifestation area. Another aim of this study is to evaluate their antimicrobial activity. Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analyses of the plant's leaves were also conducted. Reaction optimization was performed using response surface methodology (RSM), employing a central composite design (CCD) approach. The characterization of AgNPs involved UV–vis spectroscopy, FTIR, SEM-EDX, and PSA. The antimicrobial testing was conducted against Gram-positive bacterium (S. aureus), Gram-negative bacterium (E. coli), and the fungus (C. albicans). The phytochemicals analysis revealed that the L. camara leaf extract contains flavonoids, phenolics, saponins, tannins, and steroids, lacking alkaloids and terpenoids, with total phenolic and flavonoid contents of 11.94 mg (GAE/g) and 6.70 mg (QE/g), respectively. The AgNPs exhibited a spherical shape with a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peak at a wavelength of 417 nm, and the smallest particle size measured was 44 nm. Based on FTIR analysis, AgNPs have functional groups such as OH, NH, CC, and CH that were identified as groups involved in the reduction of Ag+ to Ag0 during the green synthesis of AgNPs. The AgNPs demonstrated the lowest antifungal activity against C. albicans. In summary, the aqueous leaf extract of L. camara from geothermal manifestation areas can serve as a bioreductant for AgNPs, exhibiting higher antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria compared to Gram-negative ones.

In Cameroon, epilepsy is one of the most common neurological diseases. Available anti-epileptic medication, on the other hand, have been associated with pharmacological toxicity and emotional impairment. The identification of a more efficient replacement is critical. Recent research reveals that ferroptosis contributes to the pathophysiology of epilepsy and related anxiety disorders. Lantana camara is a plant with a high neuropharmacological potential, but its mechanisms of action have yet to be understood. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Lantana camara on the kainate model of epilepsy in mice. The focus was on these extracts' capacity to suppress ferroptosis. Mice were injected with kainate (12 mg/kg, i.p.) to induce epilepsy. After status epilepticus, animals were left for 19 days, which correspond to an epileptogenic period. After the appearance of spontaneous recurrent seizures, mice were treated with distilled water (10 ml/kg, p.o.), levetiracetam (80 mg/kg, p.o.), sodium valproate (300 mg/kg, p.o.), ethanolic extract of L. camara (230, 460, 920 mg/kg, p.o.), or an aqueous extract of L. camara (460 mg/kg p.o.). These treatments lasted for 14 days. During this period, the number and duration of seizures were recorded. The mice were then subjected to elevated zero-maze and open field tests to assess anxiety-like behavior. At the end, mice were sacrificed and hippocampus, amygdala, and striatum were dissected out for biochemical and histological analyses. The extracts alleviated seizure- and anxiety-like behavior in KA-treated mice. Decreased iron levels, reflected by a decrease in ferritin levels and a increase in transferrin levels, were observed in the hippocampus, striatum and amygdala of the extract-treated group compared to the KA-treated group. In addition, increase in GABA and GSH levels, and a decrease in MDA levels were observed in these groups. Hematoxylin-eosin staining revealed less pronounced neuronal degeneration and a more sustained architecture in the brain region of extract-treated mice. These findings indicated that ethanolic and aqueous extracts of L. camara effectively attenuate seizures and anxiety disorders. Probable mechanisms of action include GABAergic, iron, GSH, and MDA modulations.

Ecological demands at a global level reinforce the need to use clean and renewable energy sources, such as hydrogen (H 2), which is a promising energy source obtained mainly through water electrolysis. Although this process is environmentally friendly, it requires high energy value and electrocatalysts are needed to become viable. Thus, efforts have been made to develop electrocatalysts based on Earth-abundant transition metals such as nickel, cobalt, and iron, with high performance. In this way, this work reports a green synthetic route using aqueous (H) and ethanolic (E) extract of the wild sage plant (Ipomoea asarifolia) as a stabilizing agent to obtain nickel oxide (NiO) nanoparticles at different calcination temperatures (300 °C, 500 °C and 700 °C). The materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), vibrational spectroscopy (FTIR and Raman), solid-state UV-VIS spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDS). The techniques confirmed the NiO cubic structure, with residual organic groups on the surface of the materials. Raman spectroscopy signals also confirmed the presence of roughness and structural defects, which contribute positively to the electrocatalytic process. Synthesis using aqueous extracts led to the formation of materials with sphere-like morphology and uniform size, while ethanolic extracts resulted in nonuniform polyhedral particles. The electrocatalytic performances in alkaline solution (KOH, 1.0 mol/L) were investigated. The experimental overpotentials at J = 10 mAcm−2 were 307 mV, 321 mV, and 312 mV and the Tafel slope was 60.35 mVdec−1, 50.29 mVdec−1 and 53.36 mVdec−1 for the NiO300H, NiO500H, and NiO700H samples, respectively; and 316 mV, 324 mV, and 318 mV and Tafel slope of 50.44 mVdec−1, 51.58 mVdec−1 and 45.65 mVdec−1 for the NiO300E, NiO500E and NiO700E samples, respectively. Experiments in acidic and neutral media showed moderate catalytic activities compared to the literature. Therefore, this green synthesis route proves to be economically viable, producing high-performance NiO electrocatalysts, compared to similar results in the literature. [Display omitted] • Six NiO nanoparticles were obtained from extracts of I. asarifolia, applied in the H2 production. • The influence of the solvent on the morphology and OER electrocatalytic activity was studied. • NiO obtained at low calcination temperature (300 °C) showed higher electrocatalytic activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study investigates the synergistic impact of earthworms (Eisenia fetida and Eudrilus eugeniae) and microbes during vermicomposting of invasive weed phytomass (Xanthium strumarium and Lantana camara). This study aims introducing an onsite solution for weed control while producing valuable organic manure. Vermitransformation and detailed characterization of mono- (VC1, VC2, VC4, VC5) and polyculture (VC3, VC6) of X. strumarium and L. camara has been reported for the first time employing E. fetida and E. eugeniae. The study achieved 45.16 ± 2.48–76.73 ± 1.37% vermiconvertion rate. The pH, conductivity, and concentration of heavy metals are effectively stabilized. Furthermore, it observed a significant reduction in total organic carbon (TOC) alongside the augmentation of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and other trace elements (Zn, Ni, Fe). The ash content, humification index, and C/N ratio analysis established the maturity of the vermicompost. The macronutrient enhancement in the vermicompost samples was recorded 1.5- to 2.47-fold for total N, 1.19- to 1.48-fold in available P, 1.1- to 1.2-fold in total K, and 1.1- to 1.18-fold in total Ca. The germination index reveals a significant reduction in phytotoxicity, suggesting the production of mature and suitable vermicompost for agricultural use. Evaluating mono- and polyculture techniques, the research highlights the superiority of E. fetida over E. eugeniae. Further, the earthworm population and biomass have significantly increased by the end of 60-day experimental trial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the effects of invasive alien plants on natural ecosystems are well known, the effects of specific plant species can vary across habitat types and disturbance intensity. This study was carried out to analyze the effects of Lantana camara on associated vegetation and soil physico-chemical properties at invaded and non-invaded sites across three different habitat types (forest edge, fallow land, and roadside) in central Nepal. We sampled 50 pairs of 5 m × 5 m (for shrub species) and 1 m × 1 m (for herbs species) plots at invaded and non-invaded sites in each habitat and recorded community variables for each species within the sampling plots for both wet (monsoon) and dry (pre-monsoon) seasons. Further, we collected soil samples from each quadrat and determined the soil physico-chemical properties. We recorded 137 species of flowering plants (119 from non-invaded and 97 from invaded plots) and classified them in accordance with life form/habit. In invaded sites, we found a significant decline in species diversity as indicated by the Simpson and Shannon diversity indices. Specifically, L. camara reduced the species richness, Simpson index, and Shannon diversity index by 36.84%, 11.84%, and 40.21%, respectively. Soil nutrients such as total nitrogen, soil organic carbon, and available phosphorus were significantly higher in invaded sites than non-invaded ones except for available potassium and soil pH. This study provided evidence that Lantana L. camara has a substantial impact on the understory plant community assemblage and the physico-chemical properties of soil. The results suggest that the protection of native plant community requires management of L. camara by implementing appropriate measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work reports the preparation of a metal-free nitrogen and sulphur functionalized graphitic carbon sheets from a unique and less expensive precursor Lantana camara, which is a common hazardous weed in India. The synthesized material NS-CN-180 was successfully tested for the adsorption and removal of fluoroquinolone antibiotics ciprofloxacin. The surface morphology and elemental composition of NS-CN-180 were investigated through FESEM and XPS analyses. The SEM data reveals the graphitic sheets stacked onto each other with cavities in between them. The presence of various functional groups was identified through FT-IR spectroscopy and the degree of graphitization was calculated from XRD pattern. The probable mechanism of interaction for ciprofloxacin molecule with NS-CN-180 was also investigated with the help of FT-IR and zeta potential analyses. The fabricated material was found to be excellent for ciprofloxacin detection with a limit of detection value 16.08 nM. Also, the prepared material efficiently removes the 66.2% ciprofloxacin drug in 1 h. Adsorption and desorption experiments were performed to demonstrate the reusability of the material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Grain production increases annually, yet stored grain pests pose a persistent challenge to agriculture. While pesticides have traditionally been the primary solution, their improper and widespread use has led to the development of resistance in some pests, rendering them ineffective. Consequently, essential oils have emerged as a promising alternative to address this issue. In this research, the insecticidal and repellent properties of essential oil extracted from L. camara were assessed against significant stored grain pests viz., Sitophilus oryzae (rice weevil), (rice weevil), Rhyzopertha dominica (dhal beetle), and Carpophilus dimidiatus (peanut beetle), aiming to determine its potential as a viable method for safeguarding stored grains against the most prevalent pests. The results were promising, however, the underlying mechanism of action have not yet been fully understood. Allocating resources towards researching alternative methods of pest control can significantly enhance sustainable agricultural practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of Lantana camara L. (Big sage) on growth and survival in goldfish, Carassius auratus. Five treatments were prepared with a formulation of 30% protein, supplemented with Lantana camara flower powder, at doses of 0 mg/kg (T0, control), 100 mg/kg (T1), 150 mg/kg (T2), 200 mg/kg (T3) and 250 mg/kg (T4). The experiment lasted 60 days. A total of 200 fish were distributed across 20 plastic aquarium tanks, with each treatment replicated four. Fish were fed twice daily. The results showed that there was no significant effect on the survival rate of the fish (p>0.05). However, those fed with 250 mg/kg L. camara showed increased weight gain (2.73 ± 0.01 g), a lower feed conversion ratio (1.99 ± 0.04) a higher specific growth rate (1.20 ± 0.01%) and protein efficiency ratio (1.66 ± 0.04%) compared to other groups. The study found that incorporating L. camara, a natural source of ascorbic acid and crude protein, into fish feed resulted in the highest weight gain and survival rate, suggesting that L. camara additives can effectively enhance growth and survival rates in goldfish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This multi‐site case study on the invasive alien plant Lantana camara in protected areas of Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, India, addresses the reasons for inadequate institutional responses from stakeholders in managing the species despite the seriousness. The study uses thematic analysis and qualitative systems approach. The themes are converted into a qualitative‐system‐dynamics model and are then abstracted into system archetypes. The study identified three major themes: the dilemma involving stakeholders, the dilemma of alternative and commercial use of Lantana, and the Lantana management conundrum. The study translated these dilemmas into four generalisable archetypes: 'drifting goals', 'modified‐shifting‐the‐burden', 'fixes‐that‐fail' and 'substitution rebound'. The latest is a novel contribution to the systems literature. Practically, the study helps understand the recurring undesired behavioural patterns in invasive species management and suggests policy and governance changes to tackle them. The study also points towards building stakeholder relationship protocols, focussing on fundamental solutions and having clear Lantana management targets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Identification of the phytochemical composition of plants is vital in new drug discovery and lead compound development for the management of infectious and non-infectious diseases. Lantana camara is an important medicinal essential oil-producing plant used in folklore medicine for the treatment of several diseases. This study evaluated the phytochemical composition and profiled the biologically active principles present in L. camara leaf extracts collected from Orba, Enugu State of Nigeria. The profiling of L. camara leaves methanol and aqueous extracts was done using qualitative and quantitative phytochemical and GC-MS techniques. The phytochemical screening showed the presence of alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids and other phenolic compounds. There were no significant differences (p > 0.05) in the steroids, saponins, terpenoids, glycosides and phenolic contents of methanol and aqueous extracts. The phenolic content in methanol (1563.85±0.07 mg/100g) and aqueous (1425.23±0.36 mg/100g) were significantly higher than other phytochemicals tested in this study. There was significantly (p < 0.05) higher alkaloids (506.74±5.52 mg/100g), flavonoids (372.04±8.39 mg/100g) and tannins (1426.43±7.43 mg/100g) in the methanol compared with the aqueous extracts with 349.92±13.10 mg/100g, 231.99±6.16 mg/100g and 1351.62±20.6 mg/100g respectively. The GC-MS analysis showed the presence of 39 biologically important compounds which included bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, 9,19-cyclolanostan-3-ol-11-one acetate, 4H-1-benzopyran-4-one-5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl), n-hexadecanoic acid, (Z)-7-hexadecenal, phytol acetate, phytol, 3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-2-hexadecen-1-ol and bicyclo [4.4.0] dec-2-ene-4-ol 2-methyl-9-(prop-1-en-3-ol-2-yl). The phytochemical analysis and the GC-MS profiling of the extracts of L. camara showed the presence of biologically important phytochemicals which could be responsible for the ethnomedicinal effects of L. camara. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

FN-doped carbon dots were synthesized using powdered leaves of Moringa oleifera L./Chromolaena odorata L./Tridax procumbens L./Tinospora cordifolia L./ and Lantana camara L., along with a precursor called 4,5-difluoro-1,2-benzenediamine (DFBD) and compared against the drug zaltoprofen derived carbon dots. They were assessed for their optical and structural characteristics using photoluminescence (optimal emission λ of 600 nm), vibrational (FTIR) spectroscopy (characteristic wave numbers of 1156 and 1269 cm−1 for C–F), as well as X-ray diffraction (XRD) (highest intensity at 27.56°) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) (particles in the size range of 15–20 nm). Further, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) / energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX) indicated FN doping of oval/oblong carbon dots. Membrane protection in percent is found to be 55.3 and 80.4 for FN-CDs and Z-FN-CDs respectively. The DPPH-free radical scavenging activity by FN-CDs was 69.4%, while with Z-FN-CDs, it was 54.2%. When tested on six bacterial strains (three each for gram-positive and gram-negative), the FN-CDs displayed a halo (ZOI) between 9 and 19 mm, whereas the Z-FN-CDs displayed a clearance zone between 9 and 17 mm. The FN-CDs showed significant emission-red-shift effects and demonstrated concentration-dependent biocompatibility and viability in neuroblastoma and beta-TC6-cell lines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the chemical composition, repellent, and oviposition deterrent effects of five plant essential oils (EOs) extracted from Lantana camara (Verbenaceae), Schinus terebinthifolia (Anacardiaceae), Callistemon viminalis (Myrtaceae), Helichrysum odoratissimum (Asteraceae), and Hyptis suaveolens (Lamiaceae) were evaluated against Aedes aegypti, Anopheles gambiae, and Culex quinquefasciatus. When tested at 33.3 µg/cm2, L. camara, S. terebinthifolia, C. viminalis, and H. odoratissimum were effective repellents against Ae. aegypti (89%, 91%, 90%, and 51% repellency, respectively), but they were less repellent against An. gambiae (66%, 86%, 59%, and 49% repellency, respectively). Interestingly, L. camara, S. terebinthifolia, C. viminalis, and H. odoratissimum exhibited 100% repellency against Cx. quinquefasciatus at 33.3 μg/cm2. In time-span bioassays performed at 333 μg/cm2, the EO of L. camara exhibited 100% repellence against Ae. aegypti and An. gambiae for up to 15 min and against Cx. quinquefasciatus for 75 min. The oviposition bioassays revealed that L. camara exhibited the highest activity, showing 85%, 59%, and 89% oviposition deterrence against Ae. aegypti, An. gambiae, and Cx. quinquefasciatus, respectively. The major compounds of L. camara, S. terebinthifolia, and C. viminalis were trans-β-caryophyllene (16.7%), α-pinene (15.5%), and 1,8-cineole (38.1%), respectively. In conclusion, the L. camara and S. terebinthifolia EOs have the potential to be natural mosquito repellents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to meet the rising demand for silver nanoparticles across a variety of industries, it is necessary to devise a technique of synthesis that is not only inexpensive but also economically viable and kind to the natural environment. We employed our previous study on the leaves of the Lantana camara plant to perform synthesis of AgNPs, which were then incorporated into a biofilm using sodium alginate and evaluated for their ability to inhibit the growth of bacterial and fungal biofilms. At concentrations of 1 mM and 5 mM silver nitrate, it was possible to successfully synthesize bioactive and biofilms of sodium alginate. These biofilms consisted of silver nanoparticles. It was discovered that the average thickness of the biofilm ranged from 1.03 to 1.1 mm when the silver nitrate concentration was between 1 and 5 mM. It has been shown that biofilms are resilient in both alkaline and acidic conditions. In addition, the biofilms all showed a low percentage of moisture retention. The water solubility of biofilms with a concentration of 1 mM silver nitrate was much lower than that of biofilms with a concentration of 5 mM silver nitrate. In addition, the gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus epidermis and Staphylococcus hemolyticus were inhibited by the film. Both Staphylococcus epidermis and Staphylococcus hemolyticus have a potent biofilm effect against every kind of biofilm. Nevertheless, these biofilms can be further explored to identify their medical and other additional applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Invasion risk assessments are essential for making informed decisions, allocating resources, and implementing targeted strategies to prevent or minimize the harmful effects of invasive species on native biodiversity, agricultural productivity, and natural ecosystems. In this study, the random forest algorithm was used to assess the spatial invasion risk of Lantana camara, one of the world’s top 100 worst invasive weeds, across all continents under current and future environmental conditions. The current invasion risk was relatively high on four continents (i.e., Africa, Australia, Oceania, and South America) within approximately 35°N and 35°S latitude, estimated to cover at least 68.98 % of the total land surface. Furthermore, projections for future environmental changes suggested a substantial increase in invasion risk across all continents, with the most significant changes (251.52 %) observed in Europe compared with current invasion levels. Additionally, invasion risk was predicted to extend beyond 35°N latitude. Categorizing 200 countries and territories into distinct risk levels, 27 countries had current invasion potential, and introduction and establishment was predicted in 114 countries. Moreover, at least 45 countries, including Canada, India, Italy, and United States, were projected to transition from no or low invasion risk to high invasion risk and 28 countries had a risk increase of over 50 %. Current study provides valuable insights into the global invasion risk posed by L. camara. These results are expected to be of great utility for invasive weed management, facilitating the development of control and sustainable management strategies for this notorious weed at both global and local scales.

Background and Objectives: Lantana camara is used traditionally against liver ailments, but scientific evidence for its hepatoprotective effects is limited. This study evaluates the hepatoprotective effect of methanolic leaf extract of L. camara against acetaminophen-(APAP) induced hepatotoxicity in a rat model. Methods: Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of phenolics (5.03%), alkaloids (4.30%), saponins (6.14%), tannins (3.81%) and flavonoids (3.54%) in the extract. Methanolic leaf extract of L. camara was administered orally to rats at 100, 300 and 500 mg/kg doses for 5 days before APAP challenge at 750 mg/kg. Serum liver enzymes, proteins, bilirubin and histopathology were assessed to determine the extent of liver injury and protection. Results: APAP administration caused significant (P

Purpose: The use of composts in agriculture has many advantages on soil properties and the productivity of cultivated plants. This study aims to evaluate the response of the bean crop to organic fertilization consisting of composts from Lantana camara Linn, Calliandra Calothyrsus Meisn, and cow manure in combination or not with chemical fertilizers. Research Method: The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design on a very acidic ferralsol of Matongo commune in the northern part of Burundi. Each experimental plot corresponded to an application of a specific compost or cow manure combined or not with chemical fertilizers (dose N-P2O5-K2O: 18-46-30). Findings: Adding chemical fertilizers to cow manure and Lantana compost significantly increased the number of leaves, flowers, pods, and seeds, the total biomass, and the weight of seeds. These two treatments recorded the highest grain yields (1067 kg.ha-1 and 999 kg.ha-1 respectively). They were followed by the application of cow manure alone (582.90 kg.ha-1). The lowest yields were observed when applying Calliandra alone (167 kg.ha-1) or combined with chemical fertilizers (371 kg.ha-1), Lantana alone (338.15 kg.ha-1), chemical fertilizers alone (100.79 kg.ha-1), and on unfertilized soil (0.67 kg.ha-1). Originality/ Value: The Lantana camara compost can effectively replace farmyard manure for bean production on an acidic ferrallitic soil, and thus be useful to livestock-less farmers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biological invasion is regarded as one of the most important disturbance parameters and threats for sustaining biodiversity. Global warming, industrialization, and open niche created due to the expansion of development initiatives contribute to the successful spread of invasive species around the world. The contributions of various biotic and abiotic factors in different spatial scales are crucial for an invasive to establish in its invaded area. We assessed the spatial distribution of invasion by Lantana camara in the Corbett Tiger Reserve and Rajaji Tiger Reserve within the Terai Arc Landscape Complex. The presence locations of Lantana were assessed within 10 m × 10 m plots (n = 666), and information on habitat variables such as tree density, canopy cover, shrub density, shrub cover, and anthropogenic pressures were collected. We also synthesized information on climate and topography data of the region from global databases. Confirmatory factor analysis was done using the presence of Lantana as response variable and habitat, anthropogenic, climatic, and topographic variables as predictor variables. We found that for Rajaji Tiger Reserve, habitat and anthropogenic variables were the major influencing factors for Lantana invasion, whereas, for Corbett Tiger Reserve, climate and topography were the major determining factors. Mean diurnal temperature, precipitation of warmest quarter, lopping, and logging were the factors determining the Lantana invasion in the landscape. The influence of different factors affecting the invasion of Lantana differs between Rajaji Tiger reserve and Corbett Tiger Reserve. The result of the study will be helpful for formulating effective policy intervention to reduce the invasion of Lantana in these ecologically important tiger reserves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Monitoring biodiversity changes associated with ecological restoration is crucial in the current UN Decade on Restoration. Although several studies highlight the impacts of restoration on ecosystems, it is also important to understand how restoration alters species' behavior, including vocalization. Advances in conservation technology, such as passive acoustic monitoring, facilitate rapid and noninvasive monitoring. In this study, we quantified changes in the vocal behavior of a bird species in response to small‐scale restoration carried out by removing the invasive shrub, Lantana camara (lantana), in a Central Indian tropical dry forest. We examined associations between sites of varying lantana densities and the vocalization of one of its primary dispersers, red‐vented bulbul (RVBU). We found statistically significant differences in note‐length and bandwidth of RVBU vocalizations across sites. A random forest classification model showed that Lantana density was not an important predictor of RVBU vocalizations. Apart from the percentage of forest area and farms in our sites, total human population was the most important predictor for RVBU vocalizations suggesting RVBU's use of human habitations as possible resource hubs. Our findings suggest that lantana removal is not associated with significant changes in RVBU vocalization. This study provides empirical evidence that ecological restoration may not alter species' vocalization in the short term and highlights the importance of moving beyond species presence and understanding the impact of restoration on species behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Allelopathy is the chemical interactions between plants that might lead to either stimulation or inhibition of growth, community structure, and plant invasions. Lantana camara L. is a noxious invasive weed that negatively affects seed germination, seedling growth, and increases the mortality of the crop plant. The objective of this work was to assess allelopathic effect of L. camara leaf aqueous extract on germination and seedling growth of Capsicum annuum (pepper) and Daucus carota (carrot). The aqueous extract of Lantana leaf samples was used as a source of allelopathic effects. Data were collected for germination and seedling growth parameters. The result indicated that the highest concentration of the allelopathic extract (20 mg/L) has demonstrated significantly the highest germination inhibition rate GIR (60.00%), germination speed V (2.54 U/day) for D. carota as GIR (70.00%), mean germination time MGT (0.36 days), and GI (0.67%) for C. annuum seeds. The highest concentration of the allelopathic extract (20 mg/L) has recorded the highest plumule inhibition rate PIR (59.63%) and radical inhibition rate RIR (48.95%) for D. carota seeds, as well as PIR (27.47%) and RLR (79.49%) for C. annuum. The largest negative allelopathic index (−60.00% or allelopathic intensity of 60.00%) was recorded for D. carota seeds, whilst (−63.43% or allelopathic intensity of 63.43%) was recorded for C. annuum seed germination. For D. carota seed germination, the first principal component (PC1) has got high positive loads from GI (0.36), RLR (0.31), GR (0.34), allelopathic index AI (0.34), relative length of plumule RLP (0.24), and V (0.30). By contrast, PC1 for D. carota seed germination has got the highest negative component loads recorded by GIR (−0.34), PIR (−0.24), MGT (−0.35), and RIR (−0.31). In allelopathic effect on C. annum seed germination, the first principal component (PC1) has got high positive scores from relative length of radical RLR (0.31), RLP (0.33), germination rate GR (0.33), V (0.33), and AI (0.33). Likewise, the high negative component loads were recorded by GIR (−0.33), PIR (−0.33), RIR (−0.31), and MGT (−0.32). The result of the present study demonstrated that GIR, PIR, and RIR were directly related to negative allelopathic activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lantana camara is a plant used in traditional medicine to treat various diseases. The cytotoxic potential of Lantana camara leaves has been reported for extracts and isolated pure compounds. So this study aims to test the cytotoxic potential of β-sitosterol isolated from the leaves of Lantana camara using in silico (Molecular docking) as well as in-vitro MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay against T47D and HeLa cancer cells. In this study, the isolation of β-sitosterol from the ethyl acetate extract of Lantana camara leaves was carried out by gravity column chromatography and purification by recrystallisation. The isolated compound was obtained as a white amorphous solid with a melting point of 136-137 °C. The structure of the isolated compound was determined by extensive IR, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR spectra data analysis and with comparison to literature data. The molecular docking results for β-sitosterol showed good docking score values of -8.11 kcal/mol against Bcl-2 and -7.276 kcal/mol against HPV16 E7, as well as a Root Mean Score Deviation (RMSD) value ≤ 2 compared to the standard anticancer drug doxorubicin, -9.230 kcal/mol against Bcl-2 and -8.288 kcal/mol (HPV16 E7), respectively. The results of the potential cytotoxic test of β-sitosterol using the MTT method showed its high cytotoxic properties against T47D (breast cancer cell line) and HeLa (cervical cancer cell line) with IC50 values of 9.98 μg/mL and 10.31 μg/mL, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The discharge of dye containing effluents into the water bodies has raised concern due to potential hazards related to their toxicity in the environment. The removal of dye from the aqueous solution can be efficiently performed using different kinds of adsorbents. The main objective of the current study is to determine the potential of biochar (BC) prepared from Lantana camara L. at 600 ℃ for the removal of methylene blue (MB) dye from aqueous solution as a function of contact time, pH (3–12), adsorbent dose (100–400 mg L−1), and the initial dye concentration (5–20 mg L−1). The BC prepared using leaf ( BC L 600 ) and stem ( BC S 600 ) of Lantana was characterized for elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and zeta potential analysis. The results indicated that the pH of dye solution had highly influenced their absorption over the BC surfaces. The pseudo-second-order kinetics was able to explain the interaction of MB dye with both BC L 600 and BC S 600 , implying the multi-step characteristics of the adsorption process. It was also postulated through the thermodynamic analysis that the adsorption process was spontaneous and exothermic in nature. It implies that the adsorption mechanism was related to electrostatic, hydrogen bond, n-π, and π-π interactions, i.e., Lantana BC may be an effective bio-sorbent for the treatment of contaminated wastewater from the dye industries. Highlights: • Equilibrium data obtained from batch experiment was fitted well with the Freundlich isotherm equation. • Adsorption kinetics for MB dye was expressed by pseudo-second order model for BC pyrolyzed from Lantana. • The possible mechanisms of dye adsorption were electrostatic, hydrogen-bond, n-π, and π-π interactions. • Lantana biomass can be effectively used as an adsorbent to remove MB dye from aqueous solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rare bee genus Habrophorula Lieftinck, 1974 is recorded for the first time from Vietnam. The genus is represented by a new species, Habrophorula belladeceptrix Tran, Engel & Nguyen, sp. nov., from Cao Bang Province and can be most easily confused with H. nigripes Wu from China. The species is most easily differentiated by the unique form of the male terminalia but can also be distinguished by differences in integumental and setal coloration. A revised key is provided to the species of the genus. Females of the new species were collected at flowers of Saurauia roxburghii Wall. and Saurauia napaulensis DC. (Actinidiaceae); males were collected at flowers of Lantana camara L. (Verbenaceae). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigated the allelopathic effects of methanol and chloroform extracts from two invasive plant species, (Lantana camara and Broussonetia papyrifera), on radish seed germination and lettuce seedling development. The experiments employed radish seed germination assays, seedling growth measurements and the sandwich technique to evaluate the phytotoxicity of the extracts. The results revealed a concentration-dependent inhibitory impact on radish seed germination, with L. camara methanol extract exhibiting the highest suppression (72.85 ± 2.69 %) at 10,000 ppm. Comparative analyses between L. camara and B. papyrifera extracts demonstrated variations in their effects on root and hypocotyl development. Furthermore, the study explored the impact of these extracts on the germination index of radish seeds, indicating a progressive decline in seed germination rates with increasing extract concentrations. B. papyrifera methanol extract at 10,000 ppm showed the highest germination inhibition (60.48 ± 1.77 %). The sandwich technique, applied to lettuce seedlings, highlighted significant root and hypocotyl inhibition with increasing concentrations of L. camara and B. papyrifera extracts. Phytochemical analyses identified various compounds, including alkaloids, tannins, glycosides, flavonoids and phenols in both methanol and chloroform extracts. The presence of these compounds, especially phenolic chemicals, alkaloids and saponins is implicated in the observed phytotoxic effects. The study concludes that extracts from these invasive plants possess potent allelopathic properties, with implications for agricultural and environmental management. The findings emphasize the importance of understanding allelopathic interactions in developing sustainable strategies for crop protection and invasive species control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the study is to evaluate the phytochemical and morphological characterization between Iraqi and America Lanata camara extracts and to evaluate their inhibition effect on the egg albumin-induced paw inflammation. Successive maceration was used to eliminate the leaves of L. camara. The bioactive substance components present in the extract were identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. In addition, HPLC analysis was performed for the detection of active compounds. The paw edema induced by injecting egg albumin (0.1ml) in both right and left hind-paw and the percentage inhibition as well as cell count, and skin thickness was measured. The initial phytochemical screening yielded positive test results for phenolic compounds, glycosides, tannins, saponins, anthraquinones, polysaccharides, and terpenoids. The results of GC-MS analysis of Iraqi and American leaves showed oleic acid (22.65%, 36.69%), octadecanoic acid (26.58%, 13.49%) and hexadecanoic acid (7.06%,14.52%), respectively, were the main compound in both extracts. The HPLC analysis indicated the presence of vitamin K in Iraqi and American leaves (9.52%, 9.77%) respectively, while there are no other research publications indicated to such results. The concentration 0.05% of Iraqi and America L. camara showed a significant inhibition effect (99.7%) of inflammation. The cell counts and skin thickness showed a significant decreased when treated with both extracts of L. camara. In conclusion, this study showed that the phytochemical composition of lantana camara leaf extract varies depending on the geographical region. The findings also suggest that this extract, contains various bioactive compounds that could be a valuable resource for developing pharmaceuticals to treat different diseases. The study also found that the extract has a significant anti-inflammatory effect and could be a promising option for inhibition of inflammation.

Storage pests and the food spoilage they cause are problems of great concern. Using essential oil obtained from different plants as an insecticide against these storage pests can be considered an environmentally friendly pest management option. Lantana camara Linn. (family Verbenaceae) is a flowering species, and is also a noxious weed that can proliferate well in nearly all geographical habitats. A biopesticide derived from the essential oil extracted from this plant can offer an effective solution for controlling storage pests. The goal of this study is to extract and analyse the chemical composition of essential oil obtained from L. camara leaves, and assess its effectiveness as a bioactive substance against three storage pests: Tribolium castaneum, Lasioderma serricorne, and Callosobruchus chinensis. The yield of essential oil extracted from L. camara leaves was about 0.24 ± 0.014%. By employing the GC-MS technique, the major phytochemicals contained in L. camara leaf essential oil were identified as caryophyllene (69.96%), isoledene (12%), and ɑ-copaene (4.11%). The essential oil exhibited excellent fumigant toxicity (LC50 of 16.70 mg/L air for T. castaneum, 4.141 mg/L air for L. serricorne and 6.245 mg/L air for C. chinensis at 24 h), contact toxicity (LC50 of 8.93 mg/cm2 for T. castaneum, 4.82 mg/cm2 for L. serricorne and 6.24 mg/cm2 for C. chinensis after 24 h) along with effective repellent activity towards the test insects. In addition, the oil showed no significant phytotoxicity on the germination of paddy seeds. This presents the potential to utilize a weed in developing a biopesticide for effectively managing stored product insects because of its strong bioactivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study highlights delineation of the distribution of understorey invasive plant species (IPS) in Mudumalai Tiger Reserve (MTR), Western Ghats, India using very high resolution airborne imaging spectroscopy images by evaluating the performance of a Multiple Endmember Spectral Mixture Analysis (MESMA). Lantana camara L. and Chromolaena odorata (L.) R.M.King & H.Rob. have imposed a serious threat to natural ecosystems in MTR by altering the ecosystem processes. The Airborne Visible-Infrared Imaging Spectrometer-Next Generation (AVIRIS-NG) based analysis delineated the distribution of understorey IPS, viz., L. camara and C. odorata in MTR, with an overall accuracy of 87 % (k = 0.84) and 84 % (k = 0.8), respectively, with minimal root-mean-square error (RMSE) of MESMA classification (0.001 to 0.0025). In MTR, both the IPS were distributed in large parts and in association with all dominant canopy tree species barring Eucalyptus species. L. camara was majorly found in the southern parts of central MTR with 'high' to 'very high' presence covering 23.09 % and 11.51 % of the total area of central MTR, respectively, in association with Terminalia anogeissiana Gere & Boatwr. and Tectona grandis L.f. Whereas, C. odorata was dominantly found with high (18.11 % area of central MTR) to very high (11.85 % area of central MTR) intensity in the south and southeastern parts within the vicinity of T. anogeissiana and Terminalia elliptica Willd. The study highlights the utilization of high spectral agility in mapping of understorey IPS through spectral differentiation of the patchy distribution of IPS and its intermixing with other local species may be helpful in ecological restoration, conservation of biodiversity, and provisioning long-term management of ecosystem services in highly invaded tropical forests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Invasive plant species are considered one of the significant drivers of habitat loss, leading to biodiversity loss. They have also been observed to alter the local ecology, resulting in a decline of native flora. The management of invasive species is widely recognised as one of the most severe challenges to biodiversity conservation. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) considers Lantana camara, as one of the ten worst weeds. Over time, native and indigenous species may evolve to co-exist or compete with invasive species, reducing invader fitness. It is observed that species competition fluctuates throughout environmental gradients, life phases, and abundances. Hence, competition outcome is very context-dependent. To address this challenge, we conducted a comprehensive study in three phases: we identified native species coexisting with Lantana in their natural habitats in the Doon Valley (Phase I) and documented the phenotypic traits of selected coexisting species using the Landmark BBCH (Biologische Bun-desantalt, Bundessortenamt und Chemische Industrie) scale, revealing the phenological growth patterns of selected co-existing species (Phase II). This was followed by conducting pot (Phase IIIa) and field (Phase IIIb) experiments to study the interactions between them. Notably, Justicia adhatoda, Broussonetia papyrifera, Pongamia pinnata, Urtica dioica and Bauhinia variegata demonstrated promising results in both pot and field conditions. Furthermore, after the mechanical removal of Lantana and prior to the plantation in the field experiments, four native grass species were introduced using the seed ball method. Among these, Pennisetum pedicellatum and Sorghum halpense exhibited prompt regeneration and effectively colonised the field, densely covering the cleared area. The study provides a comprehensive management plan for the restoration of Lantana affected areas through competition using native species. This study utilizes phenological assessment for native plant selection using reclamation from native grasses and proposes a management plan for combating invasive Lantana. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Crumb Rubber Concrete can help to avoid pollution and overcome the issue of discarding utilized tires. It decreases the formation of cracks and expands which helps to bear greater tensile loads. This concrete got significant attention due to the expanding request for predominant auxiliary properties. The present work is based on the effect of partial replacement of sand with 5% and 10% rubber crumbs and 0.5% plant residue in Portland cement concrete. The mechanical properties, such as compressive and tensile strength, are evaluated in the hardened state. The study observes a significant decrease in compressive strength with increasing ratios of crumb rubber, as well as a gradual reduction in split tensile strength as the proportion of crumb rubber in the concrete mix increases. The samples containing the replacement with rubber by 5% and 10% and 0.5% plant residue showed 47% and 61% reduction in compressive strength when samples were tested at 28 days respectively. Study shows that there has been a 33% (0.5% plant residue & 5% rubber) and 37% (0.5% plant residue & 10% rubber) reduction in split tensile strength and 37% (0.5% plant residue & 5% rubber) and 58% (0.5% plant residue & 10% rubber) reduction in flexural strength when concrete samples were tested at 28 days. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work investigated the effect of the modification of phenol-formaldehyde resins using different concentrations of nanoclay on specific physical and mechanical properties of Lantana camara composites. Different concentrations, i.e. 1, 2.5, 4 and 5 wt% nanoclay were added to phenol-formaldehyde adhesive. To ensure uniform distribution, the mixture was stirred mechanically followed by ultrasonication. Following the nanoclay concentrations, the mixtures were labelled accordingly as PF/NC-1, PF/NC-2.5, PF/NC-4 and PF/NC-5. Composites were made from L. camara particles mixed with 12% (w/w) nanoclay-fortified phenol-formaldehyde resins. Lantana camara composites were fabricated in a hydraulic hot press at a pressure of 21 kg cm-2 and curing temperature 150 °C for 15 min. The physical and mechanical properties of L. camara composites were evaluated following Indian Standards specification IS 3087 (2005). The results revealed that the physical and mechanical properties of L. camara composites improved compared with the composites prepared using unmodified phenol-formaldehyde. Composite prepared using phenolformaldehyde modified with 4% nanoclay showed better performance than the rest of the concentrations. A slight decline in mechanical properties was observed in L. camara composites when 5% nanoclay was used due to accumulation of nanoparticles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flower color plays a crucial role in the appeal and selection of ornamental plants, directly influencing breeding strategies and the broader horticulture industry. Lantana camara , a widely favored flowering shrub, presents a rich palette of flower colors. Yet, the intricate molecular mechanisms governing this color variation in the species have remained largely unidentified. With the aim of filling this gap, this study embarked on a comprehensive de novo transcriptome assembly and differential gene expression analysis across 3 distinct lantana accessions, each showcasing a unique flower color. By harnessing the capabilities of both PacBio and Illumina sequencing platforms, a robust transcriptome assembly, encompassing 123,492 gene clusters and boasting 94.2% BUSCO completeness, was developed. The differential expression analysis unveiled 72,862 unique gene clusters that exhibited varied expression across different flower stages. A pronounced upregulation of 8 candidate core anthocyanin biosynthesis genes in the red-flowered accession was uncovered. This was further complemented by an upregulation of candidate MYB75 (PAP1) and bHLH42 (TT8) transcription factors. A candidate carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase (CCD4a) gene cluster also manifested a marked upregulation in white flowers. The study unveils the molecular groundwork of lantana's flower color variation, offering insights for future research and potential applications in breeding ornamental plants with desired color traits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study assesses the photochemical profiles, the in vitro antioxidant (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), reducing power ferric and silver nanoparticule) and anti-inflammatory activity of Lantana camara L. leaves and flowers collected from the South of Tunisia. Bioactive extracts of two organs were prepared through an ultrasound-assisted extraction in ethanol. Herein, multivariate statistical analysis was performed to define the relationship between biological activities and the bioactive molecules content and composition. Phytochemical profiling showed higher phenolic and flavonoids contents in leaves extracts than in those obtained from flowers, while the condensed tannins was absent in both organs. LC-MS analysis identified 16 and 15 phenolic compounds from flowers and leaves extracts, respectively. The flowers extract was especially rich in Kaempferol, luteolin-7-O-glucoside, quinic acid and apigenin-7-O-glucoside. Kaempferol, luteolin-7-O-glucoside, quinic acid and syringic acid were identified as the prevalent compounds in leaves extract. The latter exhibited the highest DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging potentials. Whereas flowers extracts revealed the highest reducing potential of ferric and silver ions. However, the leaves and flowers extracts are unable to protect bovine serum albumin (BSA) from thermal denaturation. Furthermore, significant correlations (p < 0.05) were recorded between phytochemical profile and biological activities, as well as between different antioxidant studied assays. The obtained results present practical data for the potential application of L. camara as a sustainable source of multi-functional molecules in food and medicinal industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to analyze the influence of microwave treatment (MT) at various time intervals on the viscosity and flow behavior of Wild sage seed gum (WSSG) dispersion (0.2%, w/v). The flow behavior of WSSG dispersions were calculated from the resulting flow curves using four flow behavior models (Power law (PL), Bingham, Herschel-Bulkley (HB), and Casson). The fit quality of the selected models was evaluated using correlation coefficient (r), sum of squared error (SSE), and root mean square error (RMSE). It was observed that the apparent viscosity of WSSG dispersion reduced from 68 mPa.s to 19 mPa.s as the shear rate (SR) increased from 12.2 s-1 to 171.2 s-1 . Additionally, the apparent viscosity of the samples reduced from 34 mPa.s to 28 mPa.s as the MT time increased from 0 to 3 min (SR=49 s-1 ). The HB model, which is a combination of Bingham and PL models, fitted the data very well with an overall r of more than 0.9990 and, SSE and RMSE values of lower than 0.0123, and, 0.0310, respectively, therefore, used to describe the shear stress (SS) and apparent viscosity of WSSG dispersions. The consistency coefficient of WSSG dispersion decreased significantly from 0.185 Pa.sn to 0.155 Pa.sn (p<0.05) with increasing MT time from 0 to 3 min. Also, the flow behavior index (PL and HB models) of dispersions increased as the MT time increased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mexican lime (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle) is a widely consumed citrus fruit, but its shelf life is limited. Edible coatings have gained significant interest due to their ability to prolong fruit storage time. The objective of this study is to assess the efficacy of edible coatings derived from wild sage seeds and pomegranate seed oil (PSO) in extending the shelf life of Mexican lime fruit stored at 20 ± 2 °C and 50–60% relative humidity. The study findings suggest that the treatments effectively prevented a decline in fruit weight and titratable acidity. The total phenolic, flavonoid, and total antioxidant activity of the fruit showed a decreasing trend over the 24-day shelf life. However, the coated fruits (excluding PSO) exhibited higher total phenolic content, antioxidant capacity, as well as peroxidase and catalase activity during storage. Except for PSO, the application of edible coatings had a beneficial impact on preserving the a* value, visual quality, and marketability of Mexican lime fruit by reducing the activity of the polyphenol oxidase enzyme. The results suggest that these treatments can be an effective strategy for improving the quality and extending the shelf life of Mexican lime fruit stored at ambient temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]